CN102194330A - Highway safe driving system - Google Patents
Highway safe driving system Download PDFInfo
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- CN102194330A CN102194330A CN2010101582035A CN201010158203A CN102194330A CN 102194330 A CN102194330 A CN 102194330A CN 2010101582035 A CN2010101582035 A CN 2010101582035A CN 201010158203 A CN201010158203 A CN 201010158203A CN 102194330 A CN102194330 A CN 102194330A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a system for enhancing vehicle driving safety on a highway. In the system, a GPS (Global Positioning System), a GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) system, a GIS (Geographic Information System) and other technologies are comprehensively utilized, the position and the speed of each vehicle on the whole highway can be precisely measured in real time, each vehicle can be made to learn the information of the vehicle per se and the information of surrounding relevant vehicles in real time, and proper measures can be taken when in necessity. The system is beneficial to not only great reduction of highway accidents but also great increase of highway trafficability in a severe weather.
Description
1 technical field
The present invention relates to increase on a kind of highway the system of running safety, it has comprehensively used GPS (GPS Global Positioning System), GPRS (GPRS General Packet Radio Service) system and GIS technological means such as (Geographic Information System GeographicInformation System).
2 background technologies
Present freeway management department, the driving situation on satisfying the need is not grasped basically and is not managed, and simple management---let pass or close the whole piece highway without hesitation in the interval in limited time when just avenging the sky in the greasy weather in addition.Can't help like this influencing traffic greatly, and the concentration of mist is place and constantly changing in time that the vehicle of letting pass when porch visibility is fair is often met thick fog on the way suddenly, serious accident such as just often cause that the chain of rings knocks into the back.
" collision avoidance radar " of present some car dress, or utilize ultrasound wave, operating distance is very short, can only do the reversing prompting; Or utilize visible light, carry out dynamic image analysis, once the same with human eye ineffective to the greasy weather.Really millimetre-wave radar is installed on the automobile in addition, be used to survey the radar of number in km " seeing at a distance " originally but will allow, survey tens of rice object nearby, technical cost is too high.At last, even way detection object is nearby arranged, but how (same track) traveling automobile in the same way, with other objects in the automobile of reverse (oppositely track) or roadside differentiate with the problem that reduces wrong report solve all the time bad, so in recent years " collision avoidance radar " though the time report is arranged, never have the commodity of real practicality to occur.
The monitoring of the whole process of each car speed of a motor vehicle also is an open question on the highway.Existing velocity radar can only be in the minority highway section some the time use, the supervision effect is very limited, and the also existing a lot of radar countermeasures antagonism of car owner it.
On the other hand, GPS of USA (GPS Global Positioning System) now can reach about 15 meters low price at civil area to the bearing accuracy of mobile object; But because of the standard relation, its precision also dislikes not enough to crashproof, the more important thing is that it is an one-way communication, each car is only received and is not sent out, can't allow each side concerned know own with position and speed, therefore can't be used for crashproofly, freeway management department also can't grasp the information of each car.
But though the big-dipper satellite positioning system both-way communication of China, Vehicle mounted station can be to the position of management system circular oneself, but bearing accuracy error big (tens meters), and power system capacity too limited (about 540,000 families of ability, the whole nation), cost is too high, does not have practicality in the crashproof field of highway.
Again on the one hand, a GPRS of branch of wireless telecommunications (GPRS GeneralPacket Radio Service) system, technology maturation, expense is cheap, and networking covers the whole nation.
If it and GPS are organically combined, form the dynamic real-time GIS (Geographic Information System Geographic Information System) of highway special use, then can have breakthrough, make up the automotive safety driving system of highway special use.
By the relevant site search of Chinese patent information center with other, find that also existing at present vehicle " rescue " and " navigation " system that GPS is combined with GPRS occurs, but locate and the velocity accuracy deficiency, can't strengthen the traffic safety of highway, purposes and the present invention are far apart.It is somewhat similar to have " based on the express highway all-way monitoring device of an integrated navigation " patent only, but it does not use the differential corrections technology, the precision deficiency (15 meters of civilian GPS site errors, thereby the velocity error of extrapolating can surpass 40Km/h), be used for the hypervelocity alarm, obviously do not have practicality; In addition, this patent can't judge also which bar track vehicle is in, can't notify it neighbouring about vehicle and its distance and direction, limited by practical under the weather extremes; At last, this device is not just worked behind this patent regulation engine cut-off, and this also is unfavorable for the highway general safety.Also have three patents " based on the meter accuracy real time differential GPS portable collector of GPRS communication ", " GPS hand-held set difference companion device " and " real time differential giant-screen hand-held set ", really can improve position GPS precision, but only be applicable to static topographical surveying, can not be used for the vehicle management system of highway.Thereby, up to now, do not find that any highway installed and used the similar driving safety system with the present invention.
3 summary of the invention
3.1 the technical matters that solves
The objective of the invention is, set up a system on highway, it will have following function:
A. no matter daytime or night, even the greasy weather of visibility poor snow day can both effectively use.
B. the position of other " relevant vehicle " in it can be known and only be known to each automobile." relevant vehicle " is meant nearby the automobile in the static or motion on the track in the same way.
C. to effectively get rid of the positional information of non-" relevant vehicle " and disturb, such as the object of the other similar automobile of highway, such as nearby vehicle etc. on the reverse track.
D. system can know the position and the speed of a motor vehicle of each car on the road in real time, realizes " full car, whole process, full-time " speed of a motor vehicle monitoring.Thereby can circulate a notice of the distance and the speed of a motor vehicle of its all cars in distance " is reminded " in this track to each car, and remind take a preliminary measure (such as slowing down) to the driver." remind distance " in case be meant that this car driver must drive with caution or slow down when in this distance " relevant vehicle " being arranged.This distance all has relation with weather, road conditions and Ben Che and " relevant vehicle " speed separately, and is from visibility good, fine day, slow train 10 meters, all possible to greasy weather, wet and slippery, express 300 meters.
E. when system discovery has car to exceed the speed limit or be too slow, can send alarm, point out it to slow down or to quicken to it.
When F. in system feels " risk distance " at certain car, other car being arranged, can circulate a notice of the parameter that those have the dangerous car of colliding to this car driver, allow he take urgent measure (such as brake etc.)." risk distance " is in case be meant that this car driver must take immediate steps to avoid collision when in this distance " relevant vehicle " being arranged.This distance also all has relation with weather, road conditions and Ben Che and " relevant vehicle " speed separately, usually less than " reminding distance ".
G. when vehicle stops for some reason, can send signal on highway, show reason, so that send important information or Call for assistance to " relevant vehicle " from the trend system.
3.2 technical scheme
The present invention will adopt following measure to realize above target:
3.2.1 two ports at every highway are that charge station sets up highway dedicated fiducial station (track station).This base station is provided with main frame, is furnished with a complete set of GPS and GPRS software and hardware.Base station adopts differential GPS (DGPS) technology, carries out GPS observation, thereby measures base station self accurate coordinates (can precisely arrive the cm level).Again this accurate value and real-time monitored value are compared, revise number thereby draw one, and utilize GPRS externally to issue.
3.2.2 charge station enters vehicle to each and distributes a special-purpose GPS of special vehicle-mounted highway, this device is except having the due repertoire of common vehicle GPS institute, with utilizing the existing flourishing communication network of mobile communication company, carry out two-way GPRS communication with base station.Thereby have following function:
A. after common (at a low price) the GPS receiver on the automobile is received above-mentioned correction number, compare with self observed reading, the most of error of cancellation obtains a position more accurately.Utilize this differential GPS technology, rapid movement vehicle location precision can be brought up to about 5 meters, and the stationary vehicle bearing accuracy can be brought up to about 1 meter.This is just for being avoided collision to create condition.
B. this device constantly reports that to base station this parking stall puts in real time, and positional information and other information of other " relevant vehicle " that base station sends is received in not disconnecting.
C. this device is equipped with ID (Identification) chip, this chip has unique identification id sign indicating number in China, at charging aperture to by vehicle distribution with when reclaiming this device, read and register this identification code with the wireless card reading device, so that base station can be discerned this car and distinguish thus on the vehicle that this device is contained in the car direction lane or on the vehicle in direction to the car track.
D. the sound lightshow function of this device can send " prompting ", " hypervelocity ", " too slow " or acousto-optic, character message breath, voice or figure signals such as " alarms " to the driver after receiving the base station instruction.And the orientation (front or rear) and the distance of demonstration and only demonstration " about vehicle ", so that the driver takes appropriate measures.
E. this device also has the base station interrogation function, can send " inquiry " signal to the driver with voice after receiving base station " your present what state " instruction.
F. this device has initiatively stop button, presses this button when the driver desires initiatively to stop earlier, just can send " I am with temporary parking " information by GPRS to base station.
G. this device has motion sensor, when vehicle accidents happened stop motion, just can send " I stop " information from the trend base station.The various combination of this signal and above-mentioned active stop sign makes system can judge that this car is orderly shutdown or improper parking.
H. this device button of seeking help when the driver presses this button, just can send " I wish to get help " information to base station.
3.2.3 base station utilizes mature technology, main frame is set up dynamic real-time GIS (Geographic Information System Geographic Information System) in the station, cooperate the accurate electronic chart of setting up in advance of this highway (can precisely arrive the cm level), the vehicle data that vehicle-mounted highway special use GPS is passed back by GPRS is set up the real time position and the velocity information database of each car in this highway interval.Two base station data at two ends are all synchronous with calculating, and the special-purpose GPS of vehicle-mounted highway and which communication can.Base station host computer using database can carry out following multiple operation:
A. calculate accurate position of each car and speed, calculate the phase difference correction data of each car thus, send to each car, to improve position and the velocity information precision that they show.
B. find that over-speed vehicles then sends " hypervelocity alarm " signal to it, requires it to slow down.The vehicle that the discovery speed of a motor vehicle is lower than lower limit for a long time then sends " too slow " signal to it, requires its to quicken.
C. according to conditions such as the speed of a motor vehicle, weather and road surfaces, calculate " reminding distance " and " risk distance " of each car, check and have or not other (same track) " relevant vehicle " in the same way in this distance, if any, then send " prompting " or " warning " signal, and send out the speed and the positional information of this distance interior " about vehicle " simultaneously to this car.
D. according to the speed of each car and the response message of beaming back, whether decision will be to this car query status or the rescue of sending someone.
3.2.4 when each car sails out of charge station, regain the special-purpose GPS of vehicle-mounted highway, so that two-way recycling.
3.3 beneficial effect
Owing to adopt above-mentioned design, therefore bring a series of benefits:
The first, can be to user's reasonable fee, viable commercial.Why common automobile-used GPS can not adopt this technology, is because base station is very expensive, does not have the company can be gratis in large area for all GPS users provide this service, and is because it cannot be to common GPS user's charge, commercial infeasible.Freeway toll station then is easy to add the expense of this service to current vehicle.
The second, China has set up the wireless network that spreads all over town and country, and freeway management department need not to build the GPRS communication network of oneself again, significantly reduces the initial outlay of this system.
Three,,, need not expensive wireless telecommunications means with GSM or 3G etc. so use bandwidth and the speed of GPRS enough because vehicle-mounted special-purpose GPS is very little with the information conveying capacity between the base station.Can " always online " and expense is very cheap owing to need not to dial up on the telephone, so the foundation of communication does not almost have time delay, guaranteed the parking stall and the speed of a motor vehicle precision.
Four, for using the driver of this system, need not to buy specialized equipment and cause long-term leaving unused, usage charges are also cheap relatively, can accept this system service by non-resistance.
Five, since in China the ID identification code be unique, guaranteed that the driving up and down on the highway can not obscure.
Six, weather effect such as GPS and GPRS signal wind-engaging precipitation mist is very little, has guaranteed the reliability and the accuracy of system when inclement weather.
Six, a large amount of complicated calculations are all carried out on the main frame in base station, and what vehicle-mounted special-purpose GPS can do is very simple very cheap, is convenient to popularize.
Seven, can improve existing civilian vehicle GPS bearing accuracy greatly.
Eight, all vehicles that enters the used track of this car all have special-purpose GPS, guarantee information of vehicles all on the same track can both with the base station communication, realize at ordinary times that especially safe driving and traffic are unobstructed under the inclement weather.
Nine, the used track of this car other with the similar object of vehicle owing to be unkitted special-purpose GPS, can as all active radars, not give this car transmission fake information; And the information of other cars on the reverse track, owing to have identification code, base station its information can not sent to the vehicle in this track, having guaranteed can false alarm yet.
Ten, owing to monitored car speed in real time, accident takes place on the road so can reduce at ordinary times.
The 11, can improve the handling capacity of highway under the weather extremes such as greasy weather and significantly reduce accident and take place greatly.
The 12, the place of administrative authority's discovery accident in time, accident vehicle number and the vehicle number that is obstructed are rescued targetedly and are dredged so that in time organize.
4 description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is one section complete expressway safety system architecture synoptic diagram.
Accompanying drawing 2 is structured flowcharts of the special-purpose GPS of vehicle-mounted highway.
Accompanying drawing 3 is structured flowcharts of highway GPS base station.
Among the figure, 1. 3. 9. stop button 10. button 11. reply button 12.GPRS modules 13. satellite communication modules 14. electronic control unit ECU 15.ID chips 16. display screen 17.GPRS antennas 18. satellite communication antenna 19. motion sensors, 20. warning lights (redness) 21. system hosts of seeking help initiatively of the vehicle 8. alerting signal lamps (yellow) that travel in the B track of the one way signal 4.B track of satellite and transmission thereof and vehicle 6.A track that direction of traffic 5. travels in the A track and direction of traffic 7. of base station and receiving and transmitting signal 2. charge stations (gateway) thereof
Extraordinarily thick solid line is represented lead, signal wire among the figure.
The part that dotted line surrounds among the figure is represented the parts that common GPS contains usually.
5 embodiments
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
5.1 structure
5.1.1 base station
Two ports at every highway are that charge station builds this highway dedicated fiducial station (1).Each base station (1) all has a GPRS antenna (17) and a gps satellite communication antenna (18).Antenna (17,18) is respectively by GPRS module (12) and satellite communication module (13) connecting system main frame (20).Main frame (20) status equity in system of two base stations (1), except that the general GPS that outsourcing is housed, GPRS software, distinctive can meeting GPS, GPRS also is housed, sets up and move the system software of GIS, special-purpose GPS on this highway is formed a wide area network.
5.1.2 the special-purpose GPS of vehicle-mounted highway
See Fig. 2.Be the hardware of the civilian GPS of a maturation substantially in the frame of broken lines among the figure, it mainly is made of display screen (16), electronic control unit ECU (Electronic Control Unit) (14), satellite-signal receiving element (13), satellite communication antenna (18).Add GPRS module (12), ID chip (15), GPRS antenna (17), motion sensor (19) on this basis, reach the red warning light (20) on the shell, yellow alerting signal lamp (8), active stop button (9), the button of seeking help (10) and reply button (11).A termination GPRS antenna (17) on above GPRS module (12) circuit, another termination electronic control unit ECU (14).And ID chip (15), motion sensor (19), signal lamp (20), (8), button (9), button (10) and button (11) all directly link to each other with ECU (14).Above hardware all is contained in the shell, and just the terminal software in the ECU (14) is distinctive, it can normal domestic GPS and other parts that other adds organically be integrated into an isolated plant and with base station (1) communication, form a wide area network.
The mounting means of the special-purpose GPS of vehicle-mounted highway is identical with normal domestic GPS.
5.2 work
Principle of work is as follows:
5.2.1 at first, utilize differential GPS (DGPS) technology that adopts, accurately measure the volume coordinate of base station (1), (precision can reach the cm level) carries out GPS observation then, utilize known base station accurate coordinates, compare with observed reading, revise number, and issue this by GPRS module (12), GPRS antenna (17) to this highway section special-purpose GPS of all vehicle-mounted highways and revise number thereby draw one.
After 5.2.2 the special-purpose GPS of vehicle-mounted highway receives the correction number by GPRS antenna (17), GPRS module (12) on this highway section, ECU (14) will revise in view of the above self from the Satellite GPS data, show thereby improve to improve the precision of putting this parking stall greatly and go up at screen (16).Beam back accurate parking stall data by GPRS module (12), GPRS antenna (17) to base station (1) simultaneously, error is no more than 5 meters.
Out of Memory and function that civilian GPS can show, as map, orientation, forecast etc., the special-purpose GPS of vehicle-mounted highway equally has.
5.2.3 after base station (1) is received the exact position of this highway section automobile, just can calculate the speed of this car.So, base station (1) cooperates the accurate electronic chart of setting up in advance of this highway, just can set up the Geographic Information System GIS database of all vehicle dynamic real time positions of this highway section (two-way) and speed.
According to conditions such as weather and road surfaces, calculate the maximum safe speed in this highway section this moment, such as fine 120Km/h, certain greasy weather 20Km/h etc.Find that over-speed vehicles then sends " hypervelocity alarm " signal to it, requires it to slow down.The vehicle that the discovery speed of a motor vehicle is lower than lower limit for a long time then sends " too slow " signal to it, requires its to quicken.Find that static vehicle just will consider whether to have an accident.
According to conditions such as the speed of a motor vehicle, weather and road surfaces, calculate " reminding distance " and " risk distance " of each car, check in this distance and have or not other (same track) vehicle in the same way, if any, then send " prompting " or " warning " signal, and send out the speed and the positional information of this distance interior " about vehicle " simultaneously to this car.
According to the speed of each car and the response message of beaming back, whether decision will be to this car query status or the rescue of sending someone.
After 5.2.4 the special-purpose GPS of vehicle-mounted highway receives " prompting " or " warning " signal that base station (1) is sent, on screen (16), show the position and speed information of closing vehicle on the one hand, light corresponding pilot lamp and inform human pilot on the one hand with language.
When human pilot is pressed active stop button (9), the button of seeking help (10) or reply button (11), GPRS module (12), GPRS antenna (17) will send back to base station (1) to corresponding signal equally.
5.2.5 after base station (1) is received the button signal of human pilot, main frame will have correlated response on (21), managerial personnel can take corresponding measure.
Claims (6)
1. expressway safety driving system, it is characterized in that: highway two end entrances all have base station, each automobile that enters highway all is equipped with the special-purpose GPS (GPS GlobalPositioning System) of vehicle-mounted highway, and they are unified into a system by GPRS (GPRS General PacketRadio Service).
2. expressway safety driving system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: each base station is except the gps system that has a standard, also have a GPRS antenna, this antenna inserts the interior system host of base station by the GPRS communication module, makes main frame carry out communication with the special-purpose GPS of vehicle-mounted highway.
3. expressway safety driving system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the base station system host is except that the general GPS that outsourcing is housed, GPRS software, distinctive can meeting GPS, GPRS also has been installed, set up and move the system software of the real-time GIS (Geographic Information System GeographicInformation System) of highway special use, this software can be monitored the position and the velocity information of all vehicles on this highway in real time, simultaneously these information and differential GPS correction signal etc. is issued the special-purpose GPS of vehicle-mounted highway.
4. expressway safety driving system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the special-purpose GPS of highway except the hardware of a general civilian GPS, also add the ID of unique identifier chip, motion sensor, GPRS module, GPRS antenna and red warning light are arranged in China, yellow alerting signal lamp, initiatively stop button, seek help button and reply button; A termination GPRS antenna on the GPRS modular circuit wherein, another termination electronic control unit ECU; And ID chip, motion sensor, two signal lamps, three buttons all directly link to each other with ECU.
5. expressway safety driving system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: be equipped with in the ECU (electronic control unit Electronic Control Unit) of the special-purpose GPS of vehicle-mounted highway and distinctive can the connection GPS, GPRS connect and utilize the differential GPS correction signal to improve the terminal software of this vehicle speed and positional precision.
6. expressway safety driving system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the special-purpose GPS of vehicle-mounted highway can show that this car " is reminded distance " and " risk distance " interior relevant information of vehicles, and the demonstration base station is given its prompting or warning information.
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| CN102496308A (en) * | 2011-12-01 | 2012-06-13 | 北京理工大学 | Expressway automotive anti-collision system based on global positioning system (GPS) broadcast mode |
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| CN102496308A (en) * | 2011-12-01 | 2012-06-13 | 北京理工大学 | Expressway automotive anti-collision system based on global positioning system (GPS) broadcast mode |
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| CN103226849A (en) * | 2012-01-20 | 2013-07-31 | 施乐公司 | Method and system for motivating and optimizing usage of high occupancy vehicle/high occupancy toll lane |
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| CN104112348A (en) * | 2014-05-22 | 2014-10-22 | 浙江工业大学 | RFID labeling-based highway emergency warning message (EWM) data packet identification and reception method |
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Application publication date: 20110921 |