CN102193142A - 一种抗弯曲大芯径高数值孔径多模光纤 - Google Patents

一种抗弯曲大芯径高数值孔径多模光纤 Download PDF

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CN102193142A
CN102193142A CN2011101782888A CN201110178288A CN102193142A CN 102193142 A CN102193142 A CN 102193142A CN 2011101782888 A CN2011101782888 A CN 2011101782888A CN 201110178288 A CN201110178288 A CN 201110178288A CN 102193142 A CN102193142 A CN 102193142A
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optical fiber
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CN102193142B (zh
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张树强
刘泳涛
汪松
何珍宝
徐进
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Everpro Technologies Wuhan Co Ltd
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Yangtze Optical Fibre and Cable Co Ltd
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Priority to US13/997,950 priority patent/US9052435B2/en
Priority to PCT/CN2012/072221 priority patent/WO2013000291A1/zh
Priority to KR1020137013182A priority patent/KR101568171B1/ko
Priority to JP2013541201A priority patent/JP5687355B2/ja
Priority to EP12803757.9A priority patent/EP2700988B1/en
Priority to SG2013051909A priority patent/SG191857A1/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
    • G02B6/03616—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference
    • G02B6/03622—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 2 layers only
    • G02B6/03627—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 2 layers only arranged - +
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/028—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating with core or cladding having graded refractive index
    • G02B6/0288—Multimode fibre, e.g. graded index core for compensating modal dispersion
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
    • G02B6/03616—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference
    • G02B6/03638—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 3 layers only
    • G02B6/0365—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 3 layers only arranged - - +

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于数据传输和光器件中的抗弯曲大芯径高数值孔径多模光纤，包括有芯层和包覆芯层的包层，其特征在于所述的芯层半径R1为28～50微米，芯层折射率剖面呈抛物线形，α为1.9～2.2，最大相对折射率差Δ1％max为1.9％～2.5％，芯层外的包层从内到外依次为内包层和/或下陷内包层、外包层；所述的内包层半径R2为28～55微米，相对折射率差Δ2％为-0.1％～0.1％；所述的下陷内包层半径R3为28～60微米，相对折射率差Δ3％为-0.15％～-0.8％。本发明提高了多模光纤的带宽和数值孔径，使得光纤的聚光能力大大增强，更易于与LED光源耦合；本发明显著降低了光纤宏弯附加衰减，提高了光纤的抗弯曲性能，增强了光功率传输性能。

Description

一种抗弯曲大芯径高数值孔径多模光纤
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于数据传输和光器件中的抗弯曲大芯径高数值孔径多模光纤，该光纤不但具有良好的抗弯曲性能和易于LED光源耦合的特点，同时也具有很高的带宽，属于光的数据传输技术领域。
背景技术
光纤进入实用化阶段是从多模光纤开始的。近年来，尽管单模光纤新品种不断出现，使用功能不断丰富和增强，性能价格比不断提高，但多模光纤并没有被取代而是始终保持着稳定的市场份额，其原因就在于多模光纤具有单模光纤不具有的许多特性满足了局域网用纤的要求。
相对于长途干线，局域网(LAN)光纤网络的特点是：传输速率相对较低；传输距离相对较短；但节点多、接头多、弯路多；连接器、耦合器用量大，总体使用规模小，单位光纤长度使用光源个数多。传输速率低和传输距离短正好可以利用多模光纤带宽特性和传输损耗不如单模光纤的特点。但单模光纤本身更便宜、性能比多模好，为什么接入网络中不用单模光纤呢？这是因为这种网络中弯路多损耗大；节点多则光功率分路就频繁，这都要求光纤内部有足够的光功率传输。多模光纤比单模光纤芯径粗，数值孔径大，能从光源耦合更多的光功率。网络中连接器、耦合器用量大，单模光纤的无源器件比多模光纤贵很多，而且相对更精密，操作不如多模器件方便可靠。更重要的差别是单模光纤只能使用激光器(LD)作光源，其激光器成本比多模光纤通常使用的发光二极管(LED)高很多。尤其是当用于局域网(LAN)时网络规模小，单位光纤长度使用光源个数多时，如果还使用单模光纤并同时配用单模光纤的激光器，激光器的成本成为构成网络总体造价的主体，这样，尽管单模光纤本身的价格低于多模光纤，但构成成本的主体激光器、连接器的高价格仍然会大幅度地提高总体造价。
现有常规多模光纤的种类划分，根据IEC以及ITU等国际标准组织的推荐标准可以划分为50um和62.5um两大类，在50um这一大类中又可以按照带宽这个主要参数值的不同划分为OM2、OM3、OM4几种类型。所述这几种常规多模光纤的数值孔径，可以表征其聚光能力，一般50um多模光纤数值孔径为0.20，62.5um多模光纤数值孔径为0.27。近年来，为了满足接入网应用和数据中心对光纤弯曲半径的需要，常规多模光纤的抗弯曲能力也得到改进，产生了抗弯曲的OM3、OM4光纤。但现有的多模光纤还不能充分满足数据传输高宽带的要求。
发明内容
为方便介绍本发明内容，定义部分术语：
石英衬管：管状的基底管，其内壁承载PCVD化学反应的玻璃态氧化沉积物。
芯层：居于光纤横截面的中心部分，是光纤的主要导光的区域；
内包层：光纤横截面中紧邻芯层的环形区域；
下陷内包层：光纤横截面中紧邻内包层的环形区域；
外包层：光纤横截面中紧邻下陷内包层的环形区域；
相对折射率差：
Δ % = [ ( n i 2 - n 0 2 / 2 n i 2 ) × 100 % ≈ n i - n 0 n 0 × 100 %
ni和n0分别为各对应部分和纯二氧化硅玻璃在850nm波长的折射率；
幂指数律折射率分布剖面：
满足下面幂指数函数的折射率分布形态，其中，n1为光纤轴心的折射率；r为离开光纤轴心的距离；a为光纤芯半径；α为分布指数；Δ为芯/包相对折射率差；
n 2 = ( r ) = n 1 2 [ 1 - 2 &Delta; ( r a ) &alpha; ] , r < a
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种抗弯曲大芯径高数值孔径多模光纤，该光纤不仅具备高的带宽和数值孔径，而且具有良好的抗弯曲性能和易于LED光源耦合的特点。
本发明为解决上述提出的问题所采用的技术方案为：
包括有芯层和包覆芯层的包层，其特征在于所述的芯层半径R1为28～50微米，芯层折射率剖面呈抛物线形，α为1.9～2.2，最大相对折射率差Δ1％max为1.9％～2.5％，芯层外的包层从内到外依次为内包层和/或下陷内包层、外包层；所述的内包层半径R2为28～55微米，相对折射率差Δ2％为-0.1％～0.1％；所述的下陷内包层半径R3为28～60微米，相对折射率差Δ3％为-0.15％～-0.8％。
按上述方案，在下陷内包层外包覆外包层，所述的外包层半径R4为60～65微米，外包层相对折射率差Δ4％为-0.1％～0.1％。
按上述方案，下陷内包层相对折射率差Δ3％沿径向为恒定的或者为渐变的，所述的渐变包括从内向外递增渐变或从内向外递减渐变。
按上述方案，所述的芯层和各包层是由掺锗(Ge)或掺氟(F)或锗氟共掺或纯石英的石英玻璃组成。
按上述方案，所述的锗氟共掺石英玻璃的材料组分为SiO2-GeO2-F-Cl；所述的掺氟(F)石英玻璃的材料组分为SiO2-F-Cl。
氯(Cl)是由四氯化硅(SiCl4)、四氯化锗(GeCl4)与氧气(O2)发生反应生成Cl所引入的，其含量的波动对光纤的性能影响不大，且在稳定的工艺条件下其含量的波动也不大，可不作要求和控制。
本发明多模光纤制造方法的技术方案为：
将纯石英玻璃衬管固定在等离子体增强化学气相沉积(PCVD)车床上进行掺杂沉积，在反应气体四氯化硅(SiCl4)和氧气(O2)中，通入含氟的气体，引进氟(F)掺杂，通入四氯化锗(GeCl4)以引入锗(Ge)掺杂，通过微波使衬管内的反应气体离子化变成等离子体，并最终以玻璃的形式沉积在衬管内壁；根据所述光纤波导结构的掺杂要求，通过改变混合气体中掺杂气体的流量，依次沉积各包层和芯层；沉积完成后，用电加热炉将沉积管熔缩成实心芯棒；然后采用氢氟酸(HF)根据需要对芯棒进行部分腐蚀，然后以合成的纯石英玻璃或掺氟石英玻璃为套管采用RIT工艺制得光纤预制棒，或采用OVD或VAD外包沉积工艺在芯棒外沉积外包层制得光纤预制棒；将光纤预制棒置于拉丝塔拉成光纤，在光纤表面涂覆内外两层紫外固化的聚丙稀酸树脂即成。
按上述方案，所述的含氟气体为C2F6、CF4、SiF4和SF6的任意一种或多种。
本发明光纤在850nm波长具有200MHz-km或200MHz-km以上的带宽，甚至达500MHz-km或500MHz-km以上的带宽；光纤的数值孔径为0.29～0.33；在1300nm波长具有200MHz-km或200MHz-km以上的带宽，甚至达500MHz-km或500MHz-km以上的带宽。
本发明光纤在850nm波长处，以7.5毫米弯曲半径绕2圈导致的弯曲附加损耗小于或等于0.35dB；以15毫米弯曲半径绕2圈导致的弯曲附加损耗小于或等于0.2dB；以30毫米弯曲半径绕100圈导致的弯曲附加损耗小于或等于0.2dB。
本发明所取得的有益效果在于：1、通过设计较大芯径的光纤和特定的波导结构，进一步提高了多模光纤的带宽和数值孔径，使得光纤的聚光能力大大增强，更易于与LED光源耦合；2、光纤的芯层外设置一个下陷包层，显著降低了光纤宏弯附加衰减，提高了光纤的抗弯曲性能；3、本发明结构设计合理，使用性能优良，制造方法简便，在光功率传输和光数据传输得到提高的同时进一步降低局域网的配置成本，可适用于大规模生产和推广。
附图说明
图1为本发明一个实施例的光纤折射率剖面示意图。
图2为本发明另一个实施例的光纤折射率剖面示意图。
图3为本发明一个实施例的光纤径向截面结构图示。
具体实施方式
下面给出详细的实施例对本发明进行进一步的说明。
对实施例中宏弯附加损耗和满注入带宽的测试说明如下：
宏弯附加损耗是根据FOTP-62(IEC-60793-1-47)方法测得的，被测光纤按一定直径(比如：15mm，20mm，30mm等等)绕n圈，然后将圆圈放开，测试打圈前后光功率的变化，以此作为光纤的宏弯附加损耗。测试时，采用环形通量(Encircled Flux)光注入条件。环形通量(Encircled Flux)光注入条件可以通过以下方法获得：在被测光纤前端熔接一段2米长的普通50微米芯径多模光纤，并在该光纤中间绕一个25毫米直径的圈，当满注入光注入该光纤时，被测光纤即为环形通量(Encircled Flux)光注入。
满注入带宽是根据FOTP-204方法测得的，测试采用满注入条件。
实施例一：
芯层和各包层的设计如附图1、3所示，采用本发明所述制造方法，制备了一组预制棒并拉丝，采用600米/分钟的拉丝速度，光纤的结构和主要性能参数见表1。
表1
Figure BDA0000071904290000041
实施例二：
芯层和各包层的设计如附图2所示，采用本发明所述制造方法，制备了一组预制棒并拉丝，采用600米/分钟的拉丝速度，光纤的结构和主要性能参数见表2。
表2
Figure BDA0000071904290000051

Claims (8)

1.一种抗弯曲大芯径高数值孔径多模光纤，包括有芯层和包覆芯层的包层，其特征在于所述的芯层半径R1为28～50微米，芯层折射率剖面呈抛物线形，α为1.9～2.2，最大相对折射率差Δ1％max为1.9％～2.5％，芯层外的包层从内到外依次为内包层和/或下陷内包层、外包层；所述的内包层半径R2为28～55微米，相对折射率差Δ2％为-0.1％～0.1％；所述的下陷内包层半径R3为28～60微米，相对折射率差Δ3％为-0.15％～-0.8％。
2.按权利要求1所述的抗弯曲大芯径高数值孔径多模光纤，其特征在于在下陷内包层外包覆外包层，所述的外包层半径R4为60～65微米，外包层相对折射率差Δ4％为-0.1％～0.1％。
3.按权利要求1或2所述的抗弯曲大芯径高数值孔径多模光纤，其特征在于下陷内包层相对折射率差Δ3％沿径向为恒定的或者为渐变的，所述的渐变包括从内向外递增渐变或从内向外递减渐变。
4.按权利要求1或2所述的抗弯曲大芯径高数值孔径多模光纤，其特征在于所述的芯层和各包层是由掺锗或掺氟或锗氟共掺或纯石英的石英玻璃组成。
5.按权利要求1或2所述的抗弯曲大芯径高数值孔径多模光纤，其特征在于光纤在850nm波长具有200MHz-km或200MHz-km以上的带宽。
6.按权利要求5所述的抗弯曲大芯径高数值孔径多模光纤，其特征在于光纤的数值孔径为0.29～0.33。
7.按权利要求1或2所述的抗弯曲大芯径高数值孔径多模光纤，其特征在于光纤在1300nm波长具有200MHz-km或200MHz-km以上的带宽。
8.按权利要求1或2所述的抗弯曲大芯径高数值孔径多模光纤，其特征在于光纤在850nm波长处，以7.5毫米弯曲半径绕2圈导致的弯曲附加损耗小于或等于0.35dB；以15毫米弯曲半径绕2圈导致的弯曲附加损耗小于或等于0.2dB；以30毫米弯曲半径绕100圈导致的弯曲附加损耗小于或等于0.2dB。
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CN2011101782888A CN102193142B (zh) 2011-06-28 2011-06-28 一种抗弯曲大芯径高数值孔径多模光纤
JP2013541201A JP5687355B2 (ja) 2011-06-28 2012-03-13 曲げ耐性を有しコア径が大きく高開口数のマルチモード光ファイバ
PCT/CN2012/072221 WO2013000291A1 (zh) 2011-06-28 2012-03-13 一种抗弯曲大芯径高数值孔径多模光纤
KR1020137013182A KR101568171B1 (ko) 2011-06-28 2012-03-13 일종의 휨저항성 대구경 고개구수를 갖는 다중모드 광섬유
US13/997,950 US9052435B2 (en) 2011-06-28 2012-03-13 Bending-resistant large core diameter high numerical aperture multimode fiber
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