CN102190322B - Method for removing sodium from red mud generated in aluminum oxide industry - Google Patents

Method for removing sodium from red mud generated in aluminum oxide industry Download PDF

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CN102190322B
CN102190322B CN2010101217563A CN201010121756A CN102190322B CN 102190322 B CN102190322 B CN 102190322B CN 2010101217563 A CN2010101217563 A CN 2010101217563A CN 201010121756 A CN201010121756 A CN 201010121756A CN 102190322 B CN102190322 B CN 102190322B
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red mud
sodium
ammonium chloride
aluminum oxide
chloride
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CN102190322A (en
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王云山
杨刚
张金平
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Institute of Process Engineering of CAS
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Institute of Process Engineering of CAS
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    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for removing sodium from red mud generated in aluminum oxide industry, particularly a method in which strong acid ammonium salt (ammonium chloride) is used to substitute a strong acid (hydrochloric acid) for removing sodium from red mud generated in aluminum oxide industry. In the invention aiming to treat high-base red mud generated in aluminum oxide industry, strong basicity of the red mud is used to decompose ammonium chloride and release ammonia gas, and sodium element, calcium element, magnesium element and the like in the red mud are converted into soluble chlorides so as to separate from a final residue of the red mud; sodium element and magnesium element in the final residue meet the requirement of a cement additive, thereby utilizing the red mud and eliminating environmental pollution; under the action of ammonia gas released and decomposed from ammonium chloride and added carbon dioxide, magnesium and calcium chlorides generate magnesium hydroxide precipitate and calcium carbonate precipitate, and sodium chloride is converted into low-solubility sodium bicarbonate; after being separated from ammonium chloride, the low-solubility sodium bicarbonate is causticized to return to aluminum oxide production process to be recycled, thus immobilizing carbon dioxide and circularly regenerating ammonium chloride.

Description

Remove the method for sodium in the red mud of aluminum oxide industry output
Technical field
The present invention relates to remove the method for sodium in the red mud of aluminum oxide industry output, particularly utilize strong acid ammonium salt (ammonium chloride) to replace strong acid (hydrochloric acid) to remove the method for sodium in the red mud of aluminum oxide industry output.
Technical background
Red mud is the iron content solid slag of discharging in the aluminum oxide smelting process, and along with the decline of aluminum oxide aluminium industrial expansion and ore grade, red mud amount is more and more large, about 2,000 ten thousand tons of the at present annual discharging of China red mud.No matter be to adopt Bayer process, sintering process or integrated process, alkali content higher (generally being higher than 2.5%) in the red mud, because its sodium content exceeds standard, its utilization ratio is lower, red mud takes off sodium and make, and turns waste into wealth to change into social concern into reality.A large amount of red muds are stacked at open storage, not only take valuable land resources, cause environmental pollution, especially a kind of wasting of resources.How to effectively utilize red mud, making it to turn waste into wealth becomes the social concern of a reality, also becomes the interested research topic of numerous researchers.
Since nineteen seventies, for reducing the red mud alkalinity, carried out many-sided research both at home and abroad, occurred successively that wet method is taken off sodium, pyrogenic process takes off the methods such as sodium, Bioleaching, membrane technique and selective flocculation.The pyrogenic process expense is high, and it is low to take off the sodium rate, and operational condition also is restricted, if only for reducing alkali number in the red mud, generally should not adopt pyrogenic process; No matter be Bayer process red mud or red mud from sintering process, wet method is taken off sodium and is all comprised alkali stripping method, acid leaching process, salt lixiviation process etc.No matter adopt which kind of method, purpose all is to make red mud after dealkalize, and the gained filter cake becomes low alkali red mud (Na 2O＜1%), can be used as the raw material of manufacture of cement.
Lime dealkalize method is the more a kind of method of using in the present alkali stripping method, is about to the sodium oxide (Na in the red mud 2O) with lime (Ca (OH) 2) displacement, reaction equation is shown in (1) formula: Na 2OAl 2O 31.7SiO 2XH 2O+Ca (OH) 2→ CaOAl 2O 31.7SiO 2XH 2O+Na 2O (1)
Lime dealkalize method exist the quantity of slag large, take off that the sodium rate is low, the high in cost of production problem.
Pickling process mainly is to adopt the Leaching by strong acid curing red mud to realize its comprehensive utilization, and leaching agent is sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrofluoric acid and sulfurous gas etc., and the key of the method is the residue after how rationally utilizing leach liquor and leaching.There is the shortcoming that operating environment is poor, waste liquid amount large and be difficult to process again in pickling process.
The salt lixiviation process mainly refers to adopt some inorganic salt solution or its acidic solution to make leaching agent, with sodium oxide and other useful component in the dissolving red mud.External priority is carried out persulfuric acid iron, Tai-Ace S 150, calcium sulfate waste liquid, is reached sulfuric acid mixing ammonium sulfate leaching etc.It is higher that the salt method is taken off the sodium rate, but the red mud slurry strainability is poor.
Summary of the invention
The method that the purpose of this invention is to provide sodium in a kind of red mud that removes the aluminum oxide industry output particularly utilizes strong acid ammonium salt (ammonium chloride) to replace strong acid (hydrochloric acid) to remove the method for sodium in the red mud of aluminum oxide industry output.
The method of sodium refers to that high-alkali red mud take the aluminum oxide industry output is as processing object in the red mud that removes the aluminum oxide industry output of the present invention, utilize the strong basicity of red mud that ammonium chloride is decomposed and discharge ammonia, make simultaneously elements such as sodium element, calcium constituent and magnesium in the red mud form soluble chloride and separate with the red mud finishing slag; Sodium element in the finishing slag and magnesium element content satisfy the cement additire requirement, make red mud utilized, and eliminate environmental pollution; The ammonia that utilizes ammonium chloride to decompose to discharge and the carbonic acid gas of interpolation, make magnesium and calcium muriate form magnesium hydrate precipitate and precipitation of calcium carbonate, sodium-chlor changes into the low solubility sodium bicarbonate to be separated with ammonium chloride by the recycle of causticization returning alumina production process, both fixed carbonic acid gas, and made again ammonium chloride be able to cyclic regeneration.
The method of sodium mainly comprises the operation stepss such as ammonium chloride pressure leaching, filtration (solid-liquid separation), washing, precipitation and ammonium chloride reprocessing cycle in the red mud that removes the aluminum oxide industry output of the present invention:
A. at first the red mud of the aluminum oxide industry output behind the pulverizing and jevigating is mixed from ammonium chloride solution that (wherein the two ratio forms according to different red muds and decides, make integral molar quantity theoretical excessive 20%～50% of the metal oxide of magnesium elements, calcium constituent, sodium element, ferro element and aluminium element in the relative red mud of ammonium chloride, the mass concentration of ammonium chloride solution is preferably 20～40%); Be preferred reaction about 3～5 hours under 130～170 ℃, airtight, agitation condition in temperature; In reaction process, when temperature is higher than 100 ℃, because ammonium chloride decomposes the generation of water vapour when discharging ammonia and system and reaching vapor liquid equilibrium, will produce pressure in the reactor, so raise with temperature, pressure increases thereupon, so claims pressure leaching; Because intermittent discharge ammonia (wherein water entrainment steam) will make the pressure in the reactor produce fluctuation in the reaction process, along with the discharge of ammonia, react continuous forward and will carry out, and emit ammonia, until ammonium chloride no longer decomposes in the system; The pressure that produces under above-mentioned temperature of reaction is 0.3～0.8MPa; By making the magnesium elements in the red mud, the metal oxide of calcium constituent and sodium element (sodium element in the red mud mainly exists with sodium hydroxide and yellow soda ash form) and ammonium chloride reaction, obtain containing the magnesium chloride of ammonium chloride, the metal chloride mixing solutions of calcium chloride and sodium-chlor is (because ferric oxide in the red mud and aluminum oxide are intermediate oxide (existing acidity, alkalescence is arranged again), therefore also can consume ammonium chloride as alkaline metal oxide, just since in the end reaction system pH about 4.0, the iron(ic) chloride of generation and aluminum chloride can occur hydrolysis become ironic hydroxide and aluminium hydroxide stay slag mutually in), (element that contains in the red mud finishing slag mainly is iron for ammonium chloride decomposition and the ammonia that contains water vapour that discharges and red mud finishing slag, aluminium and silicon etc.); The ammonia that contains water vapour that obtains is obtained ammoniacal liquor after condensation;
B. the magnesium chloride that contains ammonium chloride that step a is obtained after filtering, (ammoniacal liquor and carbonic acid gas be the relative described magnesium chloride that contains ammonium chloride all in reaction for the ammoniacal liquor that the metal chloride mixing solutions of calcium chloride and sodium-chlor and step a obtain and carbonic acid gas (extract in the stack gas or other approach obtains), the integral molar quantity of the metal chloride of calcium chloride and sodium-chlor theoretical excessive about 20～30%), obtain magnesium hydroxide and precipitation of calcium carbonate, sodium-chlor is transformed into sodium bicarbonate simultaneously, and utilize the lower characteristics of the solubleness of sodium bicarbonate in ammonium chloride solution, sodium bicarbonate is separated with ammonium chloride solution;
C. the ammonium chloride solution that step b is obtained returns step a, recycles;
D. can send the cement mill to make raw material after the red mud finishing slag that step a is obtained after filtering washes with water uses.
Step a can be expressed by equation (1)～(6):
CaO+2NH 4Cl→CaCl 2+2NH 3↑+H 2O (1)
MgO+2NH 4Cl→MgCl 2+2NH 3↑+H 2O (2)
NaOH+NH 4Cl→NaCl+NH 3↑+H 2O (3)
Na 2CO 3+2NH 4Cl→2NaCl+2NH 3↑+CO 2↑+H 2O (4)
Fe 2O 3+6NH 4Cl→2FeCl 3+6NH 3↑+3H 2O (5)
Al 2O 3+6NH 4Cl→2AlCl 3+6NH 3↑+3H 2O (6)
Wherein iron(ic) chloride and aluminum chloride generation hydrolysis reaction are as follows:
FeCl 3→Fe 3++3Cl - H 2O→H ++OH - Fe 3++3OH -→Fe(OH) 3↓
AlCl 3→Al 3++3Cl - H 2O→H ++OH - Al 3++3OH -→Al(OH) 3↓
Step b can be expressed by equation (7)～(9):
MgCl 2+2NH 3+2H 2O→2NH 4Cl+Mg(OH) 2↓ (7)
CaCl 2+2NH 3+CO 2+H 2O→2NH 4Cl+CaCO 3↓ (8)
NaCl+NH 3+CO 2+H 2O→NH 4Cl+NaHCO 3↓ (9)
The red mud of described aluminum oxide industry output refers to the iron content solid slag that produces in the aluminum oxide production process, no matter is to adopt Bayer process, sintering process or integrated process, because its sodium content exceeds standard, and makes its utilization ratio lower.Red mud method for removing Na of the present invention can be turned waste into wealth.
The present invention is take strong acid ammonium salt ammonium chloride as conversion medium, realizes removing of sodium in the red mud, and calcium and magnesium can stabilizing carbon dioxides, and sodium and magnesium index satisfy the cement additire requirement in the red mud finishing slag.
The present invention is not because there being the adding of strong acid, and the requirement of equipment material is greatly reduced, and technical process is comparatively simple, and the sodium decreasing ratio is high, and finishing slag can cement processed after taking off sodium for red mud, eliminates environmental pollution.
The present invention utilizes ammonium chloride to replace the hydrochloric acid pressure leaching to remove sodium in the red mud of aluminum oxide industry output.More than 130 ℃, utilize the strong basicity of red mud that ammonium chloride is decomposed and discharge ammonia, make simultaneously elements such as sodium, calcium and magnesium in the red mud form soluble chloride and separate with the red mud finishing slag; Sodium in the finishing slag and magnesium elements get content and satisfy the cement additire requirement, make red mud utilized, and eliminate environmental pollution; The ammonia that utilizes ammonium chloride to decompose to discharge and the carbonic acid gas of interpolation, make the muriate of the elements such as calcium, magnesium and sodium form magnesium hydroxide and precipitation of calcium carbonate, sodium-chlor changes into sodium bicarbonate to be separated with ammonium chloride by the recycle of causticization returning alumina production process, both carbon dioxide fixation can be played, the ammonium chloride cyclic regeneration can be made again.Experimental results show that the sodium in the red mud that utilizes ammonium chloride to remove the aluminum oxide industry output is practical, the sodium decreasing ratio is high in the finishing slag, sodium oxide content＜0.7%, and therefore content of magnesia＜0.5% can be used as cement raw material and is able to resource utilization; Because there not being the adding of strong acid, equipment material requires to reduce, and technical process is comparatively simple; Finishing slag cement processed has been realized the red mud resource utilization, has eliminated environmental pollution.The present invention provides novel method for the resource utilization of a large amount of red muds of aluminum oxide industry output.It is a new method that removes sodium in the aluminum oxide industry output red mud.
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1. aluminum oxide industry output red mud of the present invention takes off the process flow diagram of sodium.
Fig. 2. the inventive method ammonium chloride pressure leaching removes the synoptic diagram of the sodium equipment therefor in the red mud of aluminum oxide industry output.
Reference numeral
1. collector 2. condensers 3. gas bombs 4. air intake valves
5. material inlet valve 6. bleeder valves 7. electrically heated pressure reaction stills 8. stirring arms
9. tensimeter 10. magnetic stirrers 11. thermopairs 12. program temperature controllers
Embodiment
Embodiment 1.
See also Fig. 2, this device removes the main reaction device synoptic diagram of the sodium in the red mud of aluminum oxide industry output for the ammonium chloride pressure leaching, major parts is that electrically heated pressure reaction still 7 (make by stainless steel, useful volume 2L, kettle cover is detachable, by bolted, airtight can the highest withstand voltage 10MPa).
Tensimeter 9 is installed to show the still internal pressure in the kettle cover outside of described electrically heated pressure reaction still 7; Thermopair 11 at the bottom of the described electrically heated pressure reaction still of insertion of the described electrically heated stress reaction temperature in the kettle of one control, the program temperature controller 12 that is communicated with power supply with described electrically heated pressure reaction still outward is connected; Inner bottom part central authorities at described electrically heated pressure reaction still are provided with stirring arm 8, and described stirring arm is connected with the magnetic stirrer 10 of top, described electrically heated stress reaction kettle cover outside, and are controlled the rotating speed of stirring arm by magnetic stirrer; One gas bomb 3 is connected with the pipeline with air intake valve 4 that inserts described electrically heated pressure reaction still inside, be connected with pipeline with material inlet valve 5 at the pipeline with air intake valve 4, one the other end with the pipeline of bleeder valve 6 that inserts described electrically heated pressure reaction still inside is connected with condenser 2, and condenser 2 is connected with collector 1 by pipeline.
Material is added by the detachable kettle cover of described electrically heated pressure reaction still 7, and uses bolted, and is airtight; Plugged is opened outer described program temperature controller 12 switches together with power supply of described electrically heated pressure reaction still, setting program, heating; Open described magnetic stirrer 10 switches of top, described electrically heated stress reaction kettle cover outside, adjust the rotating speed of the central described stirring arm 8 that arranges of inner bottom part of described electrically heated pressure reaction still, stir material in the described electrically heated pressure reaction still; The outer described tensimeter of installing 9 of described electrically heated stress reaction kettle cover shows the still internal pressure, and described program temperature controller 12 shows temperature in the kettle, and by described thermopair 11 control temperature; Described gas bomb 3 (experiment is nitrogen cylinder) provides pressure (greater than the still internal pressure), to enter from the hydraulic pressure of described feed valve 5 in the still through described intake valve 4, gas is discharged in still via described bleeder valve 6, after described condenser 2 coolings, is collected by described collector 1.
Above-mentioned equipment therefor is a kind of selection, does not have uniqueness and exclusiveness, also can adopt other similar devices to realize the present invention.
The red mud that provides with Gongyi, Henan alumina producer is as raw material, and its chemical constitution is as shown in table 1.
The chemical constitution of aluminum oxide industry output red mud is adopted in table 1, experiment
Element Na Ca Mg Fe Al Si K O Other Add up to
Wt％ 6.16 6.85 0.29 15.27 10.53 12.77 0.024 33.91 14.196 100
Oxide compound Na 2O CaO MgO Fe 2O 3 Al 2O 3 SiO 2 K 2O - Other Add up to
Wt％ 8.30 9.59 0.48 21.81 19.89 27.37 0.029 - 12.531 100
The method core that the present invention removes sodium in the red mud of aluminum oxide industry output is ammonium chloride pressure leaching process, comprises in addition the supporting processes such as filtration, precipitation, washing, and technical process sees also Fig. 1, and the used reaction unit of ammonium chloride pressure leaching as above.
Take by weighing the 100g red mud and (cross 100 mesh sieves behind the pulverizing and jevigating, form as shown in table 1) and 182g ammonium chloride, and measure the 425ml deionized water with the dissolving ammonium chloride of being got, the mass concentration that obtains ammonium chloride solution is 30% (the ammonium chloride consumption is with respect to theoretical excessive 20% of the integral molar quantity of the metal oxide of the magnesium elements in the red mud, calcium constituent, sodium element, ferro element and aluminium element at this moment).Above-mentioned whole materials are added in the described electrically heated pressure reaction still 7, airtight, temperature programming is carried out in control by described thermopair 11 and described program temperature controller 12, making the temperature in the described electrically heated pressure reaction still is 130 ℃, the mixing speed of controlling described stirring arm 8 by described magnetic stirrer 10 is 300rpm, carry out the ammonium chloride pressurization (along with temperature in the kettle raises, ammonium chloride decomposes, to there be ammonia and water vapour to exist in the system, thereby the gas-liquid-solid phase reaction that generation pressure) leaches, reaction times is 4 hours, make the magnesium elements in the red mud, the metal oxide of calcium constituent and sodium element and ammonium chloride react, and obtain containing the magnesium chloride of ammonium chloride, the metal chloride mixing solutions of calcium chloride and sodium-chlor, ammoniacal liquor and red mud finishing slag.After 130 ℃ of the temperature of reaction that reaches setting, be interrupted the rare gas element (system initially may have residual air) of discharging in the reaction system by described blow-off valve 6, carbonic acid gas, ammonia and water vapor, and by described condenser 2 condensations, collect ammoniacal liquor and recording volume by described collector 1, (this pressure changes with the still internal pressure to provide pressure by described nitrogen gas steel cylinder 3 simultaneously, a little higher than still internal pressure, purpose is to overcome the still internal pressure and hydraulic pressure is entered in the still, to keep liquid-solid ratio in the still), control by described air intake valve 4 and described material inlet valve 5 adds entry, the water equivalent that the water yield of this adding is taken out of when discharging via bleeder valve 6 with ammonia is with the maintenance system liquid-solid ratio.After reaching 4 hours time of setting reaction, stopped heating, be cooled to below 100 ℃ and normal pressure (by described tensimeter 9 indications), stop to stir, open the capping of described electrically heated pressure reaction still 7, discharging, filter while hot, and the red mud finishing slag that adds gained behind the clear water washing and filtering (is 85.7g after dry, can send the cement mill to make raw material uses), simultaneously to the ammoniacal liquor and the carbonic acid gas that add system recoveries during pH is 4.3 filtered liquid, (ammoniacal liquor and carbonic acid gas be the relative described magnesium chloride that contains ammonium chloride all, the integral molar quantity of the metal chloride of calcium chloride and sodium-chlor theoretical excessive 20～30%) make magnesium chloride in the system and calcium chloride form magnesium hydrate precipitate and precipitation of calcium carbonate, sodium-chlor change into low solubility sodium bicarbonate and with can remove calcining soda ash processed after ammonium chloride separates, the ammonium chloride solution that generates in the precipitation process returns ammonium chloride pressure leaching process and recycles.
The result that embodiment 1 processes the 100g red mud is: magnesium hydroxide and precipitation of calcium carbonate be 15.3g altogether, the about 85.7g of red mud finishing slag amount, its sodium element content＜0.5% (sodium oxide content＜0.7%), magnesium element content＜0.2% (content of magnesia＜0.5%), satisfy the cement additire requirement, can be used as cement raw material processed.
Embodiment 2
Adopting the method and apparatus of embodiment 1, is that different reaction conditionss is:
Material proportion: take by weighing 100g red mud (cross 100 mesh sieves behind the pulverizing and jevigating, form as shown in table 1), take by weighing 210g ammonium chloride, measure deionized water 490ml.
Experiment condition: in 170 ℃ of temperature of reaction, the relative red mud of ammonium chloride the mass concentration theoretical excessive 50%, ammonium chloride solution of the integral molar quantity of the metal oxide of magnesium elements, calcium constituent, sodium element, ferro element and aluminium element be 30%, mixing speed 300rpm, in 4 hours reaction times, all the other operations are identical with embodiment 1.
Experimental result: filter liquor pH is 4.1, and filtering filter cake (red mud finishing slag) drying rear is 86.3g.
The result that embodiment 2 processes the 100g red mud is: magnesium hydroxide and precipitation of calcium carbonate be 15g altogether, the about 86.3g of red mud finishing slag amount, its sodium element content＜0.5% (sodium oxide content＜0.7%), magnesium element content＜0.2% (content of magnesia＜0.5%), satisfy the cement additire requirement, can be used as cement raw material processed.

Claims (4)

1. the method for sodium in the red mud that removes the aluminum oxide industry output is characterized in that the method may further comprise the steps:
A. at first the red mud of the aluminum oxide industry output behind the pulverizing and jevigating is mixed with ammonium chloride solution, and make the metal oxide of magnesium elements, calcium constituent, sodium element, ferro element and aluminium element in the relative red mud of ammonium chloride integral molar quantity theoretical excessive 20%～50%; Under temperature is 130～170 ℃, airtight, agitation condition, react, and to make the pressure that produces under above-mentioned temperature of reaction be 0.3～0.8MPa; Metal oxide and ammonium chloride reaction by making magnesium elements, calcium constituent and sodium element in the red mud obtain containing the metal chloride mixing solutions of magnesium chloride, calcium chloride and the sodium-chlor of ammonium chloride, the ammonia that contains water vapour and red mud finishing slag; The ammonia that contains water vapour that obtains is obtained ammoniacal liquor after condensation;
Ammoniacal liquor and carbon dioxide reaction that the metal chloride mixing solutions of the magnesium chloride that contains ammonium chloride, calcium chloride and the sodium-chlor that b. step a is obtained after filtering and step a obtain, obtain magnesium hydroxide and precipitation of calcium carbonate, sodium-chlor is transformed into sodium bicarbonate simultaneously, and utilize the lower characteristics of the solubleness of sodium bicarbonate in ammonium chloride solution, sodium bicarbonate is separated with ammonium chloride solution; Wherein, ammoniacal liquor and carbonic acid gas all the metal chloride of relative described magnesium chloride, calcium chloride and the sodium-chlor that contains ammonium chloride integral molar quantity theoretical excessive 20～30%;
C. the ammonium chloride solution that step b is obtained returns step a, recycles.
2. the method for sodium in the red mud that removes the aluminum oxide industry output according to claim 1 is characterized in that: send the cement mill to make raw material after the red mud finishing slag that step a is obtained after filtering washes with water and use.
3. the method for sodium in the red mud that removes the aluminum oxide industry output according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the mass concentration of the described ammonium chloride solution of step a is 20～40%.
4. the method for sodium in the red mud that removes the aluminum oxide industry output according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the time of reacting under the step a air tight condition is 3～5 hours.
CN2010101217563A 2010-03-10 2010-03-10 Method for removing sodium from red mud generated in aluminum oxide industry Expired - Fee Related CN102190322B (en)

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CN102491620A (en) * 2011-12-06 2012-06-13 中国铝业股份有限公司 Method for separating red mud component
CN110540225B (en) * 2019-09-17 2020-05-08 昆明理工大学 Recycling treatment process for red mud roasted by waste mushroom sticks
CN111960451A (en) * 2020-09-02 2020-11-20 陶予敏 Process for producing soda ash, alumina and blended cement by utilizing red mud
CN112479230B (en) * 2020-12-16 2022-06-24 中原工学院 Carbon fixation method for high-alkalinity alumina red mud
CN113005285B (en) * 2021-02-26 2022-10-21 青岛核盛智能环保设备有限公司 Process for producing brown corundum by using red mud
CN113044868B (en) * 2021-04-25 2023-03-17 青岛核盛智能环保设备有限公司 Red mud hydrogen reduced iron secondary heat molten salt iron, scandium, gallium, aluminum, titanium and silicon decomposition process
CN113929107B (en) * 2021-10-18 2022-05-03 北京科技大学 Method and equipment for solidifying sodium element in red mud by virtue of supergravity
CN115301716B (en) * 2022-10-08 2023-01-17 淄博益海环保科技有限公司 Comprehensive utilization process for solid waste of red mud, fly ash, steel slag and coal gangue

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