CN102189277A - Dynamic and static pressure main shaft device - Google Patents

Dynamic and static pressure main shaft device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102189277A
CN102189277A CN 201110107376 CN201110107376A CN102189277A CN 102189277 A CN102189277 A CN 102189277A CN 201110107376 CN201110107376 CN 201110107376 CN 201110107376 A CN201110107376 A CN 201110107376A CN 102189277 A CN102189277 A CN 102189277A
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China
Prior art keywords
bearing shell
thrust
ceramic
annular recess
lining
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CN 201110107376
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Chinese (zh)
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林彬
闫帅
刘峰
刘文龙
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Tianjin University
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Tianjin University
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Priority to CN 201110107376 priority Critical patent/CN102189277A/en
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Abstract

The invention discloses a dynamic and static pressure main shaft device. The dynamic and static pressure main shaft device comprises a main shaft and a machine base; the main shaft is provided with a bearing with a radial bearing function and a thrusting function; the bearing on the main shaft comprises a ceramic friction pair consisting of a ceramic shaft sleeve and a ceramic bearing bush; and simultaneously, a metal material is used for forming a wholly including structure on the surface of the non-friction pair of the ceramic shaft and the ceramic bearing bushing. The problems that the temperature of an oil lubrication main shaft rises to too high temperature at high speed, and the bearing capacity of a water lubrication main shaft is small are solved, the abrasive resistance, chemical resistance and thermal expansion resistance of a bearing-main shaft friction pair are improved, and the rotation speed, the bearing capacity, the service life, and running stability, and accuracy of the main shaft are improved.

Description

A kind of dynamic and static pressure main shaft device
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of mechanical build-up member, specifically, relate to a kind of dynamic and static pressure main shaft device.
Background technology
Digit Control Machine Tool just develops towards the ultra-high speed and ultraprecise direction, and machine tool chief axis has determined the performance level of lathe as the core component of Digit Control Machine Tool.In the existing high-speed spindle bearing technology, control system that the vibration and noise that rolling bearing is bigger, magnetic bearing are too complicated and the lower bearing capacity of gas bearing have limited it and have further developed.The hydrodynamic and hydrostatic pressure support pattern is widely used in the high-speed precise machine tool field because of advantages such as its good high speed performance, high damping, high rotating accuracy, high rigidity, little damping and long-lives.
At present, the subject matter of common liq dynamic and static pressure main shaft is: the lubricating oil temperature rise causes that the main shaft trueness error is excessive, the friction pair wearing and tearing cause the main shaft life-span low etc.Tradition dynamic and static pressure main shaft is oil lubrication, and the oil temperature was too high when main shaft ran up, and oil viscosity reduces on the one hand influences the main shaft load-bearing rigidity, causes the main shaft high temperature deformation on the other hand, all can influence main shaft precision and run stability.The friction pair material of traditional main shaft is metal in addition, and performances such as wearability, elevated temperature strength, corrosion resistance are all undesirable.
In order to solve the problem of temperature rise of oil lubrication main shaft, occurred with the main shaft of water, but, caused the bearing capacity of water lubrication main shaft poor because water viscosity is low as lubricating fluid.
Summary of the invention
The present invention will solve is that the lubricated main shaft of conventional oil descends at a high speed that temperature rise is too high, water lubrication base bearing loading capability is little, main shaft-bearing metal friction pair mar proof is poor, the thermal coefficient of expansion height for tradition, and the problem of main shaft instructions for use, the dynamic and static pressure ceramic main shaft device that provides a kind of water-based lubricating liquid to lubricate can not be provided simple ceramic slide bearing.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention is achieved by following technical scheme:
A kind of dynamic and static pressure ceramic main shaft device comprises main shaft and support, and described main shaft is provided with has the radially bearing of pressure-bearing function and thrust function; Described main shaft upper bearing (metal) comprises the ceramic friction pair that Ceramic shaft sleeve and ceramic bearing shell constitute, and with the metal material part the non-surface of friction pair of described Ceramic shaft sleeve and described ceramic bearing shell is constituted full subsumption architecture simultaneously.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
Dynamic and static pressure ceramic main shaft device of the present invention, can improve the oil lubrication main shaft and descend the problem that temperature rise is too high, water lubrication base bearing loading capability is little at a high speed, improve wearability, chemical resistance and the heat resistanceheat resistant dilatancy of bearing-main shaft friction pair, can improve the speed of mainshaft, bearing capacity, service life, run stability, running accuracy.
The lubricating fluid of main shaft device preferably adopts water-based lubricating liquid among the present invention, and the basal liquid of lubricating fluid is a water, adds the viscosity that tackifier are regulated lubricating fluid.This water-based lubricating liquid has two aspect effects: one, the temperature rise of main shaft high-speed lubrication liquid is low, solve the lubricated main shaft of conventional oil and descended the too high problem of oil film temperature rise at a high speed, thereby avoided the main axis stiffness that the lubricating oil viscosity reduction brings under the high temperature, bearing capacity to descend, and can prevent the spindle operation stability decreases that the lubricating oil viscosity bust causes.Two, by regulating the viscosity of water-based lubricating liquid, solved the problem of water lubrication base bearing loading capability difference.
Among the present invention in the main shaft device material of friction pair be the pottery, following effect is arranged: one, wear-resistant, the resistance to chemical attack of ceramic material, can improve the main shaft life-span, make main shaft keep the high accuracy state for a long time.Two, the ceramic material thermal coefficient of expansion is low, can make the thermal deformation under main shaft and the bush high-temperature less, makes main shaft precision temperature influence little.Three, ceramic material can adapt to the lubricated state that boundary friction and dry friction easily take place of water-based lubricating liquid low viscosity.
Main shaft device adopts on structural design and adapts to the arrangement form of main shaft diameter to the bearing of pressure-bearing function and axial thrust function among the present invention, adopt the full structure that contains of metal pair pottery friction pair simultaneously, and each ceramic part should be avoided the shape sudden change in design.Adopt above version, following effect is arranged: one, for adapting to the main shaft job requirement, the block bearing of main shaft is ceramic dynamic and hydrostatic bearing, and has radially pressure-bearing function and axial thrust function simultaneously.Two, main shaft adopts the full structure that contains of metal pair pottery friction pair, and this is in order to remedy ceramic material poor tensile strength, deficiency that fragility is big, to prevent that ceramic part is subjected to big stretching action or stressed excessive fracture of part edge.Three, each ceramic part has been avoided the shape sudden change in design, reduces the stress of ceramic part inside and concentrates, and prevents because the design defect of ceramic part own causes fracture accident.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the integral body assembling schematic diagram of embodiment 1;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of forward spindle lining among Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the A7-A7 cutaway view of Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of front shaft sleeve end cap among Fig. 1;
Fig. 5 is the A2-A2 cutaway view of Fig. 4;
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of preceding bearing shell lining among Fig. 1;
Fig. 7 is the A17-A17 cutaway view of Fig. 6;
Fig. 8 is the upward view of Fig. 7;
Fig. 9 is the B17-B17 cutaway view of Fig. 8;
Figure 10 is the C17-C17 cutaway view of Fig. 8;
Figure 11 be among Fig. 1 before the structural representation of ceramic bearing shell radially;
Figure 12 is the A18-A18 cutaway view of Figure 11;
Figure 13 is the B18-B18 cutaway view of Figure 11;
Figure 14 is the structural representation of the right bearing shell of thrust pottery among Fig. 1;
Figure 15 is the A19-A19 cutaway view of Figure 14;
Figure 16 is the rearview of Figure 14;
Figure 17 is the structural representation of preceding bearing shell end cap among Fig. 1;
Figure 18 is the A21-A21 cutaway view of Figure 17;
Figure 19 is the B21-B21 cutaway view of Figure 17;
Figure 20 is the upward view of Figure 17;
Figure 21 is the C21-C21 cutaway view of Figure 20;
Figure 22 is the D21-D21 cutaway view of Figure 20;
Figure 23 is the structural representation of rear axle housing end cap among Fig. 1;
Figure 24 is the A9-A9 cutaway view of Figure 23;
Figure 25 is the structural representation of back mainshaft bushing among Fig. 1;
Figure 26 is the A11-A11 cutaway view of Figure 25;
Figure 27 is the structural representation of back bearing shell end cap among Fig. 1;
Figure 28 is the A12-A12 cutaway view of Figure 27;
Figure 29 is the upward view of Figure 27;
Figure 30 is the B12-B12 cutaway view of Figure 29;
Figure 31 is the C12-C12 cutaway view of Figure 29;
Figure 32 is the structural representation of the ceramic bearing shell in back among Fig. 1;
Figure 33 is the B13-B13 cutaway view of Figure 32;
Figure 33 is the A13-A13 cutaway view of Figure 32;
Figure 35 is the structural representation of back bearing shell lining among Fig. 1;
Figure 36 is the A14-A14 cutaway view of Figure 35;
Figure 37 is the upward view of Figure 36;
Figure 38 is the B14-B14 cutaway view of Figure 37;
Figure 39 is the C14-C14 cutaway view of Figure 37;
Figure 40 is that the lubricating fluid of Fig. 1 flows to schematic diagram;
Figure 41 is the integral body assembling schematic diagram of embodiment 2;
Figure 42 is the structural representation of Figure 41 intermediate bushing end cap;
Figure 43 be Figure 42 the A23-A23 cutaway view;
Figure 44 is the upward view of Figure 43;
Figure 45 is the B23-B23 cutaway view of Figure 44;
Figure 46 is the C23-C23 cutaway view of Figure 44;
Figure 47 is the structural representation of Figure 41 intermediate bushing lining;
Figure 48 be Figure 47 the A24-A24 cutaway view;
Figure 49 is the upward view of Figure 48;
Figure 50 is the D24-D24 cutaway view of Figure 49;
Figure 51 is the C24-C24 cutaway view of Figure 49;
Figure 52 is the structural representation of taper pottery bearing shell among Figure 41;
Figure 53 is the A25-A25 cutaway view of Figure 52;
Figure 54 is the B25-B25 cutaway view of Figure 52;
Figure 55 is the structural representation of taper Ceramic shaft sleeve among Figure 41;
Figure 56 is the A26-A26 cutaway view of Figure 55;
Figure 57 is the structural representation of mainshaft bushing among Figure 41;
Figure 58 is the A27-A27 cutaway view of Figure 57;
Figure 59 is the integral body assembling schematic diagram of embodiment 3;
Figure 60 is the structural representation of Figure 59 intermediate bushing end cap;
Figure 61 is the A28-A28 cutaway view of Figure 60;
Figure 62 is the structural representation of thrust bearing shell lining among Figure 59;
Figure 63 is the A29-A29 cutaway view of Figure 62;
Figure 64 is the structural representation of thrust shaft sleeve bushing among Figure 59;
Figure 65 is the A30-A30 cutaway view of Figure 64;
Figure 66 is the structural representation of thrust ceramic shaft watt among Figure 59;
Figure 67 is the A32-A32 cutaway view of Figure 66;
Figure 68 is the structural representation of ceramic bearing shell radially among Figure 59;
Figure 69 is the A33-A33 cutaway view of Figure 68;
Figure 70 is the B33-B33 cutaway view of Figure 68.
Among the figure: 1: main shaft; 2: front shaft sleeve end cap, 2-1: internal thread; 3: the pre-ceramic left axle sleeve; 4: the thrust Ceramic shaft sleeve; 5: the thrust bush lining; 6: the pre-ceramic right axle sleeve; 7: forward spindle lining, 7-1: external screw thread, 7-2: flange; 8: rotor; 9: rear axle housing end cap, 9-1: internal thread; 10: the back Ceramic shaft sleeve; 11: back mainshaft bushing, 11-1: external screw thread, 11-2: flange; 12: back bearing shell end cap, 12-1: end cap fixing screw hole, 12-2: back bearing shell fixed bolt hole, 12-3: the first drainage annular recess, 12-4: the second drainage annular recess, 12-5: the 3rd drainage annular recess, 12-6: first leakage opening, 12-7: second leakage opening, 12-8: the 3rd leakage opening, 12-9: horizontal leakage opening; 13: the ceramic bearing shell in back, 13-1: feed liquor annular recess, 13-2: inlet opening, 13-3: flow controller, 13-4: sap cavity; 14: back bearing shell lining, 14-1: screwed hole, 14-2: bolt hole, 14-3: the 3rd drainage annular recess, 14-4: the second drainage annular recess, 14-5: the first drainage annular recess, 14-6: the 3rd leakage opening, 14-7: inlet opening radially, 14-8: feed liquor annular recess radially, 14-9: horizontal leakage opening, 14-10: first leakage opening, 14-11: second leakage opening, 14-12: radial bore; 15: stator; 16: support; 17: preceding bearing shell lining, 17-1: seal groove, 17-2: the horizontal inlet opening of thrust, 17-3: inlet opening radially, 17-4: feed liquor annular recess radially, 17-5: the first drainage annular recess, 17-6: the second drainage annular recess, 17-7: the 3rd drainage annular recess, 17-8: the 3rd leakage opening, 17-9: horizontal leakage opening, 17-10: the 4th leakage opening, 17-11: thrust endoporus, 17-12: the 4th drainage annular recess, 17-13: radial bore, 17-14: thrust feed liquor annular recess, 17-15: inlet opening is erected in thrust, 17-16: first leakage opening, 17-17: second leakage opening; 18: preceding radially ceramic bearing shell, 18-1: feed liquor annular recess, 18-2: sap cavity, 18-3: inlet opening, 18-4: flow controller; 19: the right bearing shell of thrust pottery, 19-1: sap cavity, 19-2: feed liquor annular recess, 19-3: inlet opening, 19-4: flow controller; 20: the left bearing shell of thrust pottery; 21: preceding bearing shell end cap, 21-1: thrust inlet opening, 21-2: the 3rd drainage annular recess, 21-3: the second drainage annular recess, 21-4: the first drainage annular recess, 21-5: the 3rd leakage opening, 21-6: first leakage opening, 21-7: horizontal leakage opening, 21-8: thrust leakage opening, 21-9: thrust feed liquor annular recess, 21-10: thrust endoporus, 21-11: second leakage opening, 21-12: thrust drainage annular recess;
22: the axle sleeve end cap; 23: bearing shell end cap, 23-1: the 3rd drainage annular recess, 23-2: the second drainage annular recess, 23-3: the first drainage annular recess, 23-4: the 3rd leakage opening, 23-5: second leakage opening, 23-6: first leakage opening, 23-7: horizontal leakage opening; 24: the bearing shell lining, 24-1: horizontal leakage opening, 24-2: inlet opening, 24-3: feed liquor annular recess, 24-4: the first drainage annular recess, 24-5: the second drainage annular recess, 24-6: the 3rd drainage annular recess, 24-7: the 3rd leakage opening, 24-8: second leakage opening, 24-9: first leakage opening, 24-10: radial bore; 25: taper pottery bearing shell, 25-1: feed liquor annular recess, 25-2: inlet opening, 25-3: sap cavity, 25-4: flow controller; 26: the taper Ceramic shaft sleeve; 27: mainshaft bushing, 27-1: flange;
28: bearing shell end cap, 28-1: drainage annular recess, 28-2: leakage opening; 29: thrust bearing shell lining, 29-1: drainage annular recess, 29-2: leakage opening, 29-3: thrust endoporus, 29-4: radial bore; 30: thrust bush lining, 30-1: thrust endoporus; 31: the thrust Ceramic shaft sleeve; 32: thrust pottery bearing shell, 32-1: ring-type sap cavity; 33: radially ceramic bearing shell, 33-1: feed liquor annular recess radially, 33-2: inlet opening radially, 33-3: sap cavity, 33-4: flow controller; 34: Ceramic shaft sleeve radially; 35: mainshaft bushing; 36: locking member.
The specific embodiment
The present invention is directed to the lubricated main shaft of conventional oil and descend the problem that temperature rise is too high, water lubrication base bearing loading capability is little at a high speed, proposed a kind of dynamic and static pressure ceramic main shaft device, wherein the lubricant of main shaft is a water-based lubricating liquid.For solving the problem that traditional main shaft-bearing metal friction pair mar proof is poor, thermal coefficient of expansion is high, and for adapting to the lubricated state that boundary friction and dry friction easily take place of water-based lubricating liquid low viscosity, the main shaft among the present invention-bearing friction auxiliary material is a ceramic material.Existing ceramic slide bearing structure is too simple, can not adapt to the main shaft need of work, and ceramic part is prone to stress and concentrates, main axle structure design is gone up and is adopted the radially ceramic dynamic and hydrostatic bearing arrangement form of pressure-bearing function and axial thrust function that has that adapts to main shaft among the present invention, adopt the full structure that contains of metal pair pottery friction pair simultaneously, and each ceramic part is avoided the shape sudden change in design.
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, roughly the present invention is described in further detail according to from inside to outside order on the structure:
Embodiment 1
Embodiment 1 has disclosed a kind of accurate dynamic and static pressure ceramic main shaft device.As shown in Figure 1, rotor 8 is installed on the main shaft 1, rotor 8 outside correspondences are provided with the stator 15 that is installed on the support 16, are equipped with radially on the main shaft 1 of rotor 8 front ends-two-way thrust fore bearing, on the main shaft of rotor 10 rear ends radially rear bearing are installed.Wherein, part front shaft sleeve end cap 2, pre-ceramic left axle sleeve 3, thrust Ceramic shaft sleeve 4, thrust bush lining 5, pre-ceramic right axle sleeve 6, forward spindle lining 7, rotor 8, rear axle housing end cap 9, back Ceramic shaft sleeve 10, back mainshaft bushing 11 are fixed together, with main shaft 1 rotation; Bearing shell end cap 12, the ceramic bearing shell 13 in back, back bearing shell lining 14, stator 15, preceding bearing shell lining 17, preceding radially ceramic bearing shell 18, the right bearing shell 19 of thrust pottery, the left bearing shell 20 of thrust pottery, preceding bearing shell end cap 21 are fixture behind the part, are fixed on transfixion in the support 16.Lubricating fluid flows shown in arrow among Figure 40 during work, is injected by feed flow hole, support 16 top, discharges from support 16 below outages.After lubricating fluid injects from the feed flow hole, be divided into left and right sides two-way to supply with respectively radially-two-way thrust fore bearing and rear bearing radially, left side road lubricating fluid is divided into two-way once more, supply with thrust bearing left, supply with journal bearing downwards, lubricating fluid is discharged through converging to outage after the front and back bearings again, and oil channel structures is simple, be convenient to make, make feed flow and discharge opeing simple more compact.
It is example that present embodiment is arranged in main shaft 1 middle part with rotor 10 and stator 15, in addition, also rotor 10 and stator 15 can be arranged in main shaft 1 rear end, also can adopt external motor to drive the mode of main shaft 1 rotation through driving member.
Radially-two-way thrust fore bearing is made of front shaft sleeve end cap 2, pre-ceramic left axle sleeve 3, thrust Ceramic shaft sleeve 4, thrust bush lining 5, pre-ceramic right axle sleeve 6, forward spindle lining 7, preceding bearing shell lining 17, preceding radially ceramic bearing shell 18, the right bearing shell 19 of thrust pottery, the left bearing shell 20 of thrust pottery, preceding bearing shell end cap 21.
Particularly, radially-two-way thrust fore bearing comprises and is used for fixing the metal system forward spindle lining 7 that is assemblied on the main shaft 1 that the right side of forward spindle lining 7 is near the main shaft 1 left shaft shoulder.In conjunction with Fig. 2 and shown in Figure 3, forward spindle lining 7 one ends have the flange 7-2 that is protruding shoulder block structure, flange 7-2 is convenient to carry out axial location to following pre-ceramic right axle sleeve 6, and in order to realize full containing, the external diameter of flange 7-2 equates with the external diameter of pre-ceramic left axle sleeve 3 and pre-ceramic right axle sleeve 6; The other end processes the external screw thread 7-1 of certain-length, so that realize threaded engagement with following front shaft sleeve end cap 2, front shaft sleeve end cap 2 is carried out axial location.
Being equipped with pre-ceramic left axle sleeve 3, thrust Ceramic shaft sleeve 4 and pre-ceramic right axle sleeve 6 on the forward spindle lining 7, pre-ceramic left axle sleeve 3, thrust Ceramic shaft sleeve 4 and pre-ceramic right axle sleeve 6 common assembling backs constitute radially-Ceramic shaft sleeve of two-way thrust fore bearing.Diametrically, the assembling form of this part employing can be for bonding, and wherein bonding binding agent comprises organic and inorganic binders such as epoxy resin, high temperature inorganic glue; Also can assemble for interference, be specially and with the form of cold charge its external diameter is reduced metal forward spindle lining 7, after treating to produce certain interval between itself and the Ceramic shaft sleeve, refill and be fitted on desired location, following similar assembling form in like manner.The same in the axial direction mode that adopts bonding or interference fit, the flange 7-2 left side of forward spindle lining 7 is close in the right side of pre-ceramic right axle sleeve 6, pre-ceramic right axle sleeve 6 left sides are close in thrust Ceramic shaft sleeve 4 right sides, and thrust Ceramic shaft sleeve 4 left sides are close in pre-ceramic left axle sleeve 3 right sides.Pre-ceramic left axle sleeve 3, thrust Ceramic shaft sleeve 4 and 6 three parts of pre-ceramic right axle sleeve are processed respectively and can be avoided the shape sudden change, reduce the single-piece axle sleeve and concentrate at the stress of shape sudden change place, and the processing of also being more convenient for simultaneously improves machining accuracy.
Thrust Ceramic shaft sleeve 4 outer rings are equipped with thrust bush lining 5, and its material is a metal, are used to improve edge, the outer ring impact resistance of thrust Ceramic shaft sleeve 4.
The end that forward spindle lining 7 has external screw thread 7-1 is equipped with front shaft sleeve end cap 2, and the left side of pre-ceramic left axle sleeve 3 is close in the right side of front shaft sleeve end cap 2, thereby realizes the location to axle sleeve end cap 2.As shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, front shaft sleeve end cap 2 inner rings process internal thread 2-1, with the external screw thread 7-1 realization threaded engagement of forward spindle lining 7, front shaft sleeve end cap 2 is fastened on forward spindle lining 7 ends; Simultaneously front shaft sleeve end cap 2 equates with pre-ceramic left axle sleeve 3 external diameters, finish to radially-two-way thrust fore bearing in the full subsumption architecture of ceramic material, effectively improved the shaft strength condition.
Before bearing shell lining 17 with the left side of its flange right side and support 16 near located and fixed on support 16.Extremely shown in Figure 10 as Fig. 6, preceding bearing shell lining 17 comprises thrust structure and radial structure, radial structure comprises radial bore 17-13, radial bore 17-13 sidewall is provided with radially feed liquor annular recess 17-4, and radially feed liquor annular recess 17-4 top is connected with one and extends to preceding bearing shell lining 17 radially inlet opening 17-3 outside and that communicate with feed flow holes in the support 16.Preceding bearing shell lining 17 is provided with three grades of drainage structures near the end of stators 15, comprise the first drainage annular recess 17-5 from inside to outside successively and be arranged on the first leakage opening 17-16, the second drainage annular recess 17-6 of its bottom and be arranged on second leakage opening 17 1 17, the 3rd drainage annular recess 17-7 of its bottom and be arranged on the 3rd leakage opening 17-8 of its bottom that concrete arrangement form sees Figure 19 to Figure 21 for details.The thrust structure comprises thrust endoporus 17-11, thrust endoporus 17-11 end face is provided with thrust feed liquor annular recess 17-14, thrust feed liquor annular recess 17-14 top is connected with the perpendicular inlet opening 17-15 of thrust, the perpendicular inlet opening 17-15 of thrust is connected with the horizontal inlet opening 17-2 of perpendicular thrust, and the horizontal inlet opening 17-2 of thrust communicates with feed flow hole in the support 16.Radial bore 17-13 is provided with the 4th drainage annular recess 17-12 near thrust endoporus 17-11 one distolateral wall, the 4th drainage annular recess 17-12 bottom is provided with the 4th leakage opening 17-10, the 4th leakage opening 17-10 is connected with horizontal leakage opening 17-9, and laterally leakage opening 17-9 communicates with outage in the support 16.
Radially ceramic bearing shell 18 before being fixed with in the radial bore 17-13 of preceding bearing shell lining 17, extremely shown in Figure 13 as Figure 11, before radially ceramic bearing shell 18 serve as the location benchmark with the right side of radial bore 17-13, simultaneously before radially ceramic bearing shell 18 right sides flush with pre-ceramic right axle sleeve 6 right sides.Before radially ceramic bearing shell 18 outsides be provided with feed liquor annular recess 18-1 corresponding to the position of feed liquor annular recess 17-4 radially, radially feed liquor annular recess 17-4 and feed liquor annular recess 18-1 constitute the loop checking installation between metal material and two kinds of materials of ceramic material jointly.Feed liquor annular recess 18-1 bottom is provided with some circumferentially uniform inlet opening 18-3, its number is generally 3 to 8, pottery bearing shell 18 inwalls are provided with sap cavity 18-2 corresponding to inlet opening 18-3 position, its concrete structure can be dark sap cavity, shallow sap cavity, wedge surface sap cavity, clearance type sap cavity or aperture liquid oil pocket etc., select according to actual condition, the similar structures of following other parts in like manner.Be provided with flow controller 18-4 between inlet opening 18-3 and the sap cavity 18-2, its structure specifically can be capillary restrictor, aperture formula flow controller or porous matter flow controller etc., selects according to actual condition, and the similar structures of following other parts in like manner.
Be fixed with the right bearing shell 19 of thrust pottery in the thrust endoporus 17-11 of preceding bearing shell lining 17, extremely shown in Figure 16 as Figure 14, right bearing shell 19 1 end faces of thrust pottery are provided with feed liquor annular recess 19-2 corresponding to thrust feed liquor annular recess 17-14 position, and thrust feed liquor annular recess 17-14 and feed liquor annular recess 19-2 constitute the loop checking installation between metal material and two kinds of materials of ceramic material jointly.Feed liquor annular recess 19-2 bottom is provided with some circumferentially uniform inlet opening 19-3, and the right bearing shell of thrust pottery 19 other ends are provided with sap cavity 19-1 corresponding to inlet opening 19-3 position.Be provided with flow controller 19-4 between inlet opening 19-3 and the sap cavity 19-1.
The structure of the left bearing shell 20 of thrust pottery and right bearing shell 19 symmetries of thrust pottery are fixed on the preceding bearing shell end cap 21.Extremely shown in Figure 19 as Figure 17, preceding bearing shell end cap 21 is provided with and is used for fixing the thrust endoporus 21-10 that the left bearing shell 20 of thrust pottery is installed, thrust endoporus 21-10 end face is provided with the corresponding thrust feed liquor of the feed liquor annular recess annular recess 21-9 with the left bearing shell 20 of thrust pottery, both constitute the loop checking installation between metal material and two kinds of materials of ceramic material jointly, and thrust feed liquor annular recess 21-9 top is provided with the thrust inlet opening 21-1 that is connected with the horizontal inlet opening 17-2 of thrust.Preceding bearing shell end cap 21 is provided with three grades of drainage structures near main shaft 1 front ends, comprise the first drainage annular recess 21-4 from inside to outside successively and be arranged on the first leakage opening 21-6, the second drainage annular recess 21-3 of its bottom and be arranged on the second leakage opening 21-11, the 3rd drainage annular recess 21-2 of its bottom and be arranged on the 3rd leakage opening 21-5 of its bottom that concrete arrangement form sees Figure 20 to Figure 22 for details; Three grades of drainage structures are communicated to outages in the support 16 by the corresponding through hole of horizontal leakage opening 21-7 and preceding bearing shell lining 17.Be provided with thrust drainage annular recess 21-12 in thrust bush lining 5 outer fixs on the preceding bearing shell end cap 21, the thrust leakage opening 21-8 of the first leakage opening 21-6 in the middle of thrust drainage annular recess 21-12 bottom is connected with and passes to.
The pre-ceramic left axle sleeve 3 that ceramic material is made, thrust Ceramic shaft sleeve 4 and pre-ceramic right axle sleeve 6 common formation Ceramic shaft sleeves, before the left bearing shell of the right bearing shell 19 of radially ceramic bearing shell 18, thrust pottery, thrust pottery 20 is common constitutes ceramic bearing shell, Ceramic shaft sleeve and ceramic bearing shell formation radially-the ceramic friction pair of two-way thrust fore bearing.Formation journal bearing gap between pre-ceramic right axle sleeve 6 a left ends part and the right bearing shell 19 of thrust pottery particularly, between pre-ceramic right axle sleeve 6 and the preceding radially ceramic bearing shell 18, between the left bearing shell 20 of pre-ceramic left axle sleeve 3 and thrust pottery; The both sides of thrust Ceramic shaft sleeve 4 constitute the thrust bearing gap with the right bearing shell 19 of thrust pottery, the left bearing shell 20 of thrust pottery respectively.Concrete journal bearing gap and thrust bearing gap width should be decided on condition of work, and scope comprises from the millimeter level to micron order.Except that the contact-making surface that ceramic friction pair relates to, the front shaft sleeve end cap 2 that other surfaces of Ceramic shaft sleeve and ceramic bearing shell are made by metal material, thrust bush lining 5, forward spindle lining 7, preceding bearing shell lining 17, preceding bearing shell end cap 21 contains respectively, thereby form radially-the full subsumption architecture of two-way thrust fore bearing, only the bearing arrangement that is made of ceramic friction pair has improved stressing conditions, effectively improved the stress concentration phenomenon of ceramic part on the main shaft, remedied the ceramic part poor tensile strength, faults in material such as fragility is big have improved security and reliability that main shaft uses greatly.The right side of the right bearing shell 19 of the left side of radially ceramic bearing shell 18 and thrust pottery does not have metal to contain before above-mentioned; this is in order to shorten bearing length, to improve machinability; if run into the heavy shock loads operating mode; can be before above-mentioned the left side of radially ceramic bearing shell 18 and the right side of the right bearing shell 19 of thrust pottery increase the metal female member, the right bearing shell 19 of radially ceramic bearing shell 18 and thrust pottery before the better protection.
In the course of the work, earlier lubricating fluid is injected by total feed flow hole of support 16 with certain hydraulic pressure, supply with radially-lubricating fluid of two-way thrust fore bearing is divided into two-way, supplies with thrust bearing left, supplies with journal bearing downwards.
The lubricating fluid of supplying with journal bearing enters the loop checking installation that radially feed liquor annular recess 17-4 and feed liquor annular recess 18-1 constitute by inlet opening 17-3 radially earlier, inlet opening 18-3 and flow controller 18-4 along preceding radially ceramic bearing shell 18 flows into sap cavity 18-2 subsequently, journal bearing gap between pre-ceramic right axle sleeve 6 and the preceding radially ceramic bearing shell 18 forms complete carrying liquid film, and flow controller 18-4 brings into play hydrostatic effects more abundant; When the pre-ceramic right axle sleeve 6 in main shaft 1 drive Ceramic shaft sleeve rotates, will produce tangible dynamic pressure effect between pre-ceramic right axle sleeve 6 and preceding radially ceramic bearing shell 18 and the right bearing shell 19 of thrust pottery, improve the radially bearing capacity and the rigidity of whole bearing.Three grades of drainage structures by preceding bearing shell lining 17 and the 4th drainage annular recess 17-12 and the 4th leakage opening 17-10 discharge lubricating fluid in the journal bearing gap respectively again, three grades of drainage structures can make lubricating fluid get back to the outage of support 16 fully, strengthen radially-two-way thrust fore bearing sealing effectiveness.
And the lubricating fluid of supplying with thrust bearing is further divided into two-way, inlet opening 17-15 is erected in horizontal inlet opening 17-2 of the thrust of leading up to and thrust, enter the loop checking installation that thrust feed liquor annular recess 17-14 and feed liquor annular recess 19-2 constitute, inlet opening 19-3 and flow controller 19-4 along the right bearing shell 19 of thrust pottery flows into sap cavity 19-1 subsequently, thrust bearing gap between thrust right bearing shell 19 of pottery and the thrust Ceramic shaft sleeve 4 forms complete carrying liquid film, and flow controller 19-4 brings into play hydrostatic effects more abundant; When the thrust Ceramic shaft sleeve 4 in main shaft 1 drive Ceramic shaft sleeve rotates, will produce tangible dynamic pressure effect between thrust Ceramic shaft sleeve 4 and the right bearing shell 19 of thrust pottery.In like manner, another road enters the feed liquor annular recess of the left bearing shell 20 of thrust pottery and the loop checking installation that thrust feed liquor annular recess 21-9 constitutes by thrust inlet opening 21-1, with the dynamic and static pressure effect of the right bearing shell 19 formation symmetry directions of thrust pottery.Lubricating fluid in the thrust bearing gap is discharged by the three grades of drainage structures of preceding bearing shell end cap 21 and the 4th drainage annular recess 17-12 and the 4th leakage opening 17-10 of preceding bearing shell lining 17 respectively again.This shows, the 4th drainage annular recess 17-12 of preceding bearing shell lining 17 accepts right thrust bearing and journal bearing simultaneously on function lubricating fluid refluxes, and like this, a drainage groove is accepted the both sides drainage, structure is compact more on the one hand, also can strengthen fore bearing drainage effect on the other hand.Simultaneously, the lubricating fluid of thrust Ceramic shaft sleeve 4 both sides can also be discharged by thrust drainage annular recess 21-12 and thrust leakage opening 21-8, and the lubricating fluid of thrust Ceramic shaft sleeve 4 radial outsides also can be discharged smoothly.
Radially rear bearing is made of rear axle housing end cap 9, back Ceramic shaft sleeve 10, back mainshaft bushing 11, back bearing shell end cap 12, the ceramic bearing shell 13 in back, back bearing shell lining 14.
Particularly, radially rear bearing comprises the rear axle housing end cap 9 of left side near the main shaft 1 right shaft shoulder, as Figure 23 and shown in Figure 24, rear axle housing end cap 9 right-hand members are provided with internal thread 9-1, internal thread 9-1 is used for matching with the external screw thread 11-1 of back mainshaft bushing 11 1 ends, extremely shown in Figure 40 as Figure 39, the other end of described back mainshaft bushing 11 is provided with flange 11-2, back Ceramic shaft sleeve 10 is installed on the back mainshaft bushing 11, the right side of back Ceramic shaft sleeve 10 is near flange 11-2 inboard, and its structure such as Figure 37 are to shown in Figure 38.Between rear axle housing end cap 9, back Ceramic shaft sleeve 10, the back mainshaft bushing 11, and they with main shaft 1 between the bonding or interference fit of same employing.
Back bearing shell lining 14 flushes and is fixed on the support 16 with rear axle housing end cap 9 left sides with its left side.Extremely shown in Figure 39 as Figure 35, back bearing shell lining 14 comprises radial bore 14-12, radial bore 14-12 sidewall is provided with radially feed liquor annular recess 14-8, and radially feed liquor annular recess 14-8 top is connected with one and extends to back bearing shell lining 14 radially inlet opening 14-7 outside and that communicate with feed flow hole in the support 16.Back bearing shell lining 14 is provided with three grades of drainage structures near the end of stator 15, comprise the first drainage annular recess 14-5 from inside to outside successively and be arranged on the first leakage opening 14-10, the second drainage annular recess 14-4 of its bottom and be arranged on the second leakage opening 14-11, the 3rd drainage annular recess 14-3 of its bottom and be arranged on the 3rd leakage opening 14-6 of its bottom that concrete arrangement form sees Figure 51 to Figure 53 for details.The raised head face of back bearing shell lining 14 also is provided with screwed hole 14-1 and the bolt hole 14-2 that is used for fixing following back bearing shell end cap 12, and is provided with the horizontal leakage opening 14-9 that two one ends communicate with leakage opening in the support 16.
Be fixed with the ceramic bearing shell 13 in back in the radial bore 14-12 of back bearing shell lining 14, the ceramic bearing shell 13 in back serves as the location benchmark with the left side of radial bore 14-12, and ceramic bearing shell 13 right sides, back flush with Ceramic shaft sleeve 10 right sides, back simultaneously.Extremely shown in Figure 34 as Figure 32, ceramic bearing shell 13 outsides, back are provided with feed liquor annular recess 13-1 corresponding to the position of feed liquor annular recess 14-8 radially, and radially feed liquor annular recess 14-8 and feed liquor annular recess 13-1 constitute the loop checking installation between metal material and two kinds of materials of ceramic material jointly.Feed liquor annular recess 13-1 bottom is provided with some circumferentially uniform inlet opening 13-2, and ceramic bearing shell 13 inwalls in back are provided with sap cavity 13-4 corresponding to inlet opening 13-2 position, are provided with flow controller 13-3 between inlet opening 13-2 and the sap cavity 13-4.
Back bearing shell lining 14 right-hand members are equipped with back bearing shell end cap 12,, shown in Figure 27 to 28, back bearing shell end cap 12 axially is provided with end cap fixing screw hole 12-1 and back bearing shell fixed bolt hole 12-2, and is corresponding with screwed hole 14-1 and bolt hole 14-2 respectively.Back bearing shell end cap 12 also is provided with three grades of drainage structures, comprise the first drainage annular recess 12-3 from inside to outside successively and be arranged on the first leakage opening 12-6, the second drainage annular recess 12-4 of its bottom and be arranged on the second leakage opening 12-7, the 3rd drainage annular recess 12-5 of its bottom and be arranged on the 3rd leakage opening 12-8 of its bottom that concrete arrangement form sees Figure 29 to Figure 31 for details; Three grades of drainage structures by horizontal leakage opening 12-9 and laterally the corresponding through hole of leakage opening 14-9 be communicated to outages in the support 16.
The ceramic bearing shell 13 of back Ceramic shaft sleeve 10 that ceramic material is made and back constitutes the radially ceramic friction pair of rear bearing, constitute the journal bearing gap between the ceramic bearing shell 13 of back Ceramic shaft sleeve 10 and back, concrete journal bearing gap width should be decided on condition of work, and scope comprises from the millimeter level to micron order.Except that the contact-making surface that ceramic friction pair relates to, bearing shell end cap 12, back bearing shell lining 14 contain respectively, thereby form the radially full subsumption architecture of rear bearing behind the rear axle housing end cap 9 that other surfaces of the ceramic bearing shell 13 of back Ceramic shaft sleeve 10 and back are made by metal material, back mainshaft bushing 11, the part.The right side of the ceramic bearing shell 13 in above-mentioned back is contained by the left side of back bearing shell end cap 12; back bearing shell end cap 12 is when playing containment role; also played the effect of sealing; it is simple that this structure is done the end cap seal part again than the metal external member of making the ceramic bearing shell 13 in back separately; if run into the working condition of big load, greater impact; also can do the metal external member separately and strengthen containing effect, better protection ceramic member.
In the course of the work, earlier lubricating fluid is injected by total feed flow hole of support 16 with certain hydraulic pressure, the lubricating fluid of supplying with rear bearing radially enters the loop checking installation that radially feed liquor annular recess 14-8 and feed liquor annular recess 13-1 constitute by inlet opening 14-7 radially earlier, inlet opening 13-2 and flow controller 13-3 along the ceramic bearing shell 13 in back flows into sap cavity 13-4 subsequently, journal bearing gap between the ceramic bearing shell 13 of back Ceramic shaft sleeve 10 and back forms complete carrying liquid film, and flow controller 13-3 brings into play hydrostatic effects more abundant; When main shaft 1 drives 10 rotations of back Ceramic shaft sleeve, will produce tangible dynamic pressure effect between the ceramic bearing shell 13 of back Ceramic shaft sleeve 10 and back, improve the radially bearing capacity and the rigidity of whole bearing.Lubricating fluid in the journal bearing gap is discharged by three grades of drainage structures of back bearing shell lining 14 and back bearing shell end cap 12 respectively again.
Embodiment 2
Embodiment 2 has disclosed a kind of dynamic and static pressure ceramic main shaft device.As shown in figure 41, axle sleeve end cap 22, taper Ceramic shaft sleeve 26, mainshaft bushing 27 are fixed together, with main shaft 1 rotation; Be fixture, bearing shell end cap 23, bearing shell lining 24, taper pottery bearing shell 25 are fixture, are fixed on transfixion in the support 16.
As shown in figure 41, rotor 8 is installed on the main shaft 1, rotor 8 outside correspondences are provided with the stator 15 that is installed on the support 16, and main shaft 1 front and back are equipped with conical surface bearing respectively symmetrically.It is example that present embodiment is arranged in main shaft 1 middle part with rotor 8 and stator 15, in addition, also rotor 8 and stator 15 can be arranged in main shaft 1 rear end, also can adopt external motor to drive the mode of main shaft 1 rotation through driving member.
Be that example describes bearing arrangement in detail with end bearing before the main shaft 1 below, shown in Figure 57 and Figure 58, the bonding or interference of mainshaft bushing 27 is assemblied on the main shaft 1, and the right side of its flange 27-1 abuts against the left shaft shoulder of main shaft 1.Bonding or interference is equipped with taper Ceramic shaft sleeve 26 and axle sleeve end cap 22 on the mainshaft bushing 27, shown in Figure 55 and 56, taper Ceramic shaft sleeve 26 is a truncated conical shape, be that its outer diametric plane is a cone structure, the end face of its big external diameter one end is near flange 27-1 inboard, flange 27-1 is to taper Ceramic shaft sleeve 26 axial location, and flange 27-1 external diameter equates with taper Ceramic shaft sleeve 26 maximum outside diameters.Axle sleeve end cap 22 right sides are near the end face of Ceramic shaft sleeve 26 less external diameter one ends, and axle sleeve end cap 22 external diameters equate with taper Ceramic shaft sleeve 26 minimum outer diameter, thereby realize the full subsumption architecture of mainshaft bushing 27 and 22 pairs of taper Ceramic shaft sleeves 26 of axle sleeve end cap.Between taper Ceramic shaft sleeve 26 and the axle sleeve end cap 22, and adopt bonding or interference fit equally between they and the mainshaft bushing 27.
Bearing shell lining 24 flushes and is fixed on the support 28 with mainshaft bushing 27 right sides with its right side, extremely shown in Figure 48 as Figure 47, bearing shell lining 24 comprises radial bore 24-10, the sidewall of radial bore 24-10 is provided with feed liquor annular recess 24-3, and feed liquor annular recess 24-3 top is connected with one and extends to bearing shell lining 24 inlet opening 24-2 outside and that communicate with feed flow hole in the support 16.Bearing shell lining 24 right parts are provided with three grades of drainage structures, comprise the first drainage annular recess 24-4 from inside to outside successively and be arranged on the first leakage opening 24-9, the second drainage annular recess 24-5 of its bottom and be arranged on the second leakage opening 24-8, the 3rd drainage annular recess 24-6 of its bottom and be arranged on the 3rd leakage opening 24-7 of its bottom that concrete arrangement form sees Fig. 9 to Figure 11 for details.The raised head face of bearing shell lining 24 also is provided with two horizontal leakage opening 24-1 that communicate with leakage opening in the support 16.
Be fixed with taper pottery bearing shell 25 in the radial bore 24-10 of bearing shell lining 24, taper pottery bearing shell 25 serves as the location benchmark with the bottom, hole of radial bore 24-10, and the left side of the pottery of taper simultaneously bearing shell 25 flushes with the left side of taper Ceramic shaft sleeve 26.The inner chamber of taper pottery bearing shell 25 be the truncated conical shape corresponding with taper Ceramic shaft sleeve 26, and promptly its aperture surface is a cone structure, makes the ceramic bearing shell 25 of taper can just be arranged at taper Ceramic shaft sleeve 26 skins.Wherein conical surface direction also can be opposite with present embodiment, and other design of part need be done corresponding change according to full containing and the principle of being convenient to assemble.Shown in Figure 52 to Figure 54, taper pottery bearing shell 25 outsides are provided with feed liquor annular recess 25-1 corresponding to feed liquor annular recess 24-3, and feed liquor annular recess 24-3 and feed liquor annular recess 25-1 constitute the loop checking installation between metal material and two kinds of materials of ceramic material jointly.Feed liquor annular recess 25-1 bottom is provided with some circumferentially uniform inlet opening 25-2, and its number is generally 3 to 8.Taper pottery bearing shell 25 inwalls are provided with sap cavity 25-3 corresponding to inlet opening 25-2 position, and its concrete structure can be dark sap cavity, shallow sap cavity, wedge surface sap cavity, clearance type sap cavity or aperture liquid oil pocket etc., selects according to actual condition.Be provided with flow controller 25-4 between inlet opening 25-2 and the sap cavity 25-3, its structure specifically can be capillary restrictor, aperture formula flow controller or porous matter flow controller etc., selects according to actual condition.
Bearing shell lining 24 outer ends are equipped with bearing shell end cap 23, extremely shown in Figure 46 as Figure 42, bearing shell end cap 23 also is provided with three grades of drainage structures, comprise the first drainage annular recess 23-3 from inside to outside successively and be arranged on the first leakage opening 23-6, the second drainage annular recess 23-2 of its bottom and be arranged on the second leakage opening 23-5, the 3rd drainage annular recess 23-1 of its bottom and be arranged on the 3rd leakage opening 23-4 of its bottom that three grades of drainage structures are communicated to outages in the support 28 by the horizontal leakage opening 24-1 of horizontal leakage opening 23-7 and bearing shell lining 24.
Taper pottery bearing shell 25 and taper Ceramic shaft sleeve 26 structure ceramic friction pairs that ceramic material is made, form the cone bearing gap between the friction pair, the cone angle value in cone bearing gap should be decided on condition of work, scope comprises from 5 degree～85 degree, concrete bearing clearance value should be decided on condition of work, and scope comprises from the millimeter level to micron order.Except that the sliding bearing contact-making surface that ceramic friction pair is formed, axle sleeve end cap 22, bearing shell end cap 23, bearing shell lining 24, mainshaft bushing 27 that other surfaces of taper pottery bearing shell 25 and taper Ceramic shaft sleeve 26 are made by metal material contain respectively, thus the full subsumption architecture of bearing.The left side of taper pottery bearing shell 25 is contained by the right side of bearing shell end cap 23; bearing shell end cap 23 is when playing containment role; also played the effect of sealing; it is simple that this structure is done the end cap seal part again than the metal external member of the left side of making taper pottery bearing shell 25 separately; if run into the working condition of big load, greater impact; also can do the metal external member separately and strengthen containing effect, better protection ceramic member.
In the course of the work, earlier lubricating fluid is injected by total feed flow hole of support 16 with certain hydraulic pressure, be divided into left and right sides two-way more symmetrically and cross inlet opening 25-2 by the feed flow apertures in the support 16 respectively and enter the loop checking installation that feed liquor annular recess 24-3 and feed liquor annular recess 25-1 constitute, inlet opening 25-2 and the flow controller 25-4 along taper pottery bearing shell 25 flows into sap cavity 25-3 subsequently.Conical surface bearing clearance between taper pottery bearing shell 25 and the taper Ceramic shaft sleeve 26 forms complete carrying liquid film, and flow controller 25-4 brings into play hydrostatic effects more abundant; When main shaft 1 drives 26 rotations of taper Ceramic shaft sleeve, will produce tangible dynamic pressure effect between taper Ceramic shaft sleeve 26 and the taper pottery bearing shell 25, improve the radially bearing capacity and the rigidity of whole bearing.Lubricating fluid in the conical surface bearing clearance is discharged by three grades of drainage structures of bearing shell end cap 23 and bearing shell lining 24 respectively again.
Embodiment 3
Embodiment 3 has disclosed a kind of accurate dynamic and static pressure ceramic main shaft device.Shown in Figure 59, radially Ceramic shaft sleeve 34, mainshaft bushing 35, locking member 36 and symmetrically arranged one group of thrust bush lining 30, one group of thrust Ceramic shaft sleeve 31 are fixed together, with main shaft 1 rotation; Radially ceramic bearing shell 33 and symmetrically arranged one group of bearing shell end cap 28, one group of thrust bearing shell lining 29 and one group of thrust pottery bearing shell 32 be fixture, are fixed on support 16 interior transfixions.
Symmetrical component is that example specifies with the left-half of this device, and main shaft 1 centre position is equipped with mainshaft bushing 35, and assembling form can be bonding or interference assembling.Bonding or interference is equipped with radially Ceramic shaft sleeve 34 on the mainshaft bushing 35, radially the two ends of Ceramic shaft sleeve 34 are equipped with thrust Ceramic shaft sleeve 31, the outside of thrust Ceramic shaft sleeve 31 is respectively fitted with thrust bush lining 30, and the left side of the thrust bush lining 30 of main shaft 1 front end is near the right side of main shaft 1 shaft shoulder.Shown in Figure 64 and Figure 65, bonding or the interference of thrust Ceramic shaft sleeve 31 is assemblied in the thrust endoporus 30-1 inside of thrust bush lining 30, the degree of depth of thrust endoporus 30-1 equates with the axial width of thrust Ceramic shaft sleeve 31, thus the full containing effect of 30 pairs of thrust Ceramic shaft sleeves 31 of realization thrust bush lining.Bonding or the interference in main shaft 1 rear portion is equipped with locking member 36, the left side of locking member 36 is near the right side of the thrust bush lining 30 of main shaft 1 rear end, with the shaft shoulder of main shaft 1 from two ends jointly to thrust bush lining 30, thrust Ceramic shaft sleeve 31, radially Ceramic shaft sleeve 34 plays the role of positioning.
Be respectively arranged with thrust bearing shell lining 29 and the thrust pottery bearing shell 32 that is fixed on the support 16 two thrust bush lining 30 inboards, bonding or the interference of thrust pottery bearing shell 32 is assemblied in the thrust endoporus 29-3 inside of thrust bearing shell lining 29, and the left side of thrust pottery bearing shell 32 is near the right side of thrust Ceramic shaft sleeve 31.Shown in Figure 66 and Figure 67, the left side of thrust pottery bearing shell 32 is provided with ring-type sap cavity 32-1; As Figure 30 and shown in Figure 31, thrust bearing shell lining 29 is provided with thrust endoporus 29-3 and radial bore 29-4, radial bore 29-4 is used to form the bearing clearance, thrust endoporus 29-3 is used to install thrust pottery bearing shell 32, the degree of depth of thrust endoporus 29-3 equates with the axial width of thrust pottery bearing shell 32, thus the full containing of 29 pairs of thrusts potteries of realization thrust bearing shell lining bearing shell 32.Thrust bearing shell lining 29 arranged outside have drainage annular recess 29-1, and drainage annular recess 29-1 bottom is provided with leakage opening 29-2, and the position of drainage annular recess 29-1 is in the contact-making surface outside of thrust Ceramic shaft sleeve 31 with thrust pottery bearing shell 32.
Be provided with the radially ceramic bearing shell 33 that is fixed on the support 16 between two thrust bearing shell linings 29, shown in Figure 68 to Figure 70, radially ceramic bearing shell 33 outsides are symmetrically arranged with two radially feed liquor annular recess 33-1 in the axial direction, radially feed liquor annular recess 33-1 bottom is provided with some circumferentially uniform inlet opening 33-2, its quantity is generally three to eight, radially ceramic bearing shell 33 inwalls are provided with sap cavity 33-3 corresponding to inlet opening 33-2 position, its concrete structure can be dark sap cavity, shallow sap cavity, the wedge surface sap cavity, clearance type sap cavity or aperture formula sap cavity etc. are selected according to actual condition.Be provided with flow controller 33-4 between inlet opening 33-2 and the sap cavity 33-3, its structure specifically can be capillary restrictor, aperture formula flow controller or porous matter flow controller etc., selects according to actual condition.On the support 16 of radially ceramic bearing shell 33 outsides, be provided with radially feed liquor annular recess corresponding to feed liquor annular recess 33-1 radially, this radially the feed liquor annular recess be linked with feed flow hole on the support 16, simultaneously 16 pairs on support radially ceramic shaft watts 33 realized full containing effect.
Left side near thrust bearing shell lining 29 is connected with bearing shell end cap 28, and bearing shell end cap 82 is provided with drainage annular recess 28-1, and drainage annular recess 28-1 bottom is provided with leakage opening 28-2.
Radially constitute the journal bearing gap between Ceramic shaft sleeve 34 and the radially ceramic bearing shell 33, thrust Ceramic shaft sleeve 31 constitutes the thrust bearing gap with thrust pottery bearing shell 32.Concrete journal bearing gap and thrust bearing gap width should be decided on condition of work, and scope comprises from the millimeter level to micron order.Except that the contact-making surface that ceramic sliding friction pair relates to, radially Ceramic shaft sleeve 34, radially ceramic bearing shell 33, thrust Ceramic shaft sleeve 31, the bearing shell end cap 28 that other surfaces of thrust pottery bearing shell 32 are made by metal material, thrust bearing shell lining 29, thrust bush lining 30, mainshaft bushing 35, support 16 contains respectively, thereby the full subsumption architecture of shape, only the bearing arrangement that is made of ceramic friction pair has improved stressing conditions, effectively improved the stress concentration phenomenon of ceramic part on the main shaft, remedied the ceramic part poor tensile strength, faults in material such as fragility is big have improved security and reliability that main shaft uses greatly.
In the course of the work, earlier lubricating fluid is injected by total feed flow hole of support 16 with certain hydraulic pressure, be divided into left and right sides two-way more symmetrically and gone on the support 16 in the loop checking installation that radially the radially feed liquor annular recess 33-1 of feed liquor annular recess and radially ceramic bearing shell 33 constitutes jointly by the feed flow orifice flows in the support 16 respectively, the inlet opening 33-2 of the radially ceramic bearing shell 33 of liquid stream and flow controller 33-4 flow into sap cavity 33-3 subsequently.Radially the journal bearing gap between Ceramic shaft sleeve 34 and the radially ceramic bearing shell 33 forms the carrying liquid film, and flow controller 33-4 brings into play hydrostatic effects more abundant; When main shaft 1 drove radially Ceramic shaft sleeve 34 rotations, radially ceramic bearing shell 33 and radially will produce tangible dynamic pressure effect between the Ceramic shaft sleeve 34 improved the radially bearing capacity and the rigidity of whole bearing.Lubricating fluid in the journal bearing gap flow among the ring-type sap cavity 32-1 of the ceramic bearing shell 32 of thrust by radially ceramic bearing shell 33, thrust bearing shell lining 29, thrust pottery bearing shell 32 and the slit between the Ceramic shaft sleeve 34 radially again, and the effect of slot formula flow controller is played in this slit.Form complete thrust bearing carrier fluid film in the thrust bearing gap of thrust pottery bearing shell 32 and thrust Ceramic shaft sleeve 31, slot formula flow controller is brought into play hydrostatic effects more abundant, when main shaft 1 drives 32 rotations of thrust pottery bearing shell, will produce tangible dynamic pressure effect between thrust pottery bearing shell 32 and the thrust Ceramic shaft sleeve 31.Lubricating fluid in the thrust bearing gap finally gushes by two-stage drainage structure, first order drainage structure is the drainage annular recess 29-1 and the leakage opening 29-2 of thrust bearing shell lining 29, second level drainage structure is the drainage annular recess 28-1 and the leakage opening 28-2 of bearing shell end cap 28, two-stage drainage structure can make lubricating fluid gush fully, strengthens main shaft-bearing seal effect.
It needs to be noted, be used to make the ceramic material of above all ceramic parts, mainly comprise and adopt various preparation methods to form oxide ceramics and non-oxide ceramics two classes.Wherein the oxide ceramics bearing mainly comprises aluminium oxide (Al 2O 3), zirconia (ZrO 2) wait material, non-oxide ceramics mainly to comprise carborundum (SiC) and silicon nitride (Si 3N 4) wait material.And note that each ceramic part can adopt different ceramic material respectively, the performance of the ceramic bearing friction pair of different materials respectively lays particular stress on.Being used to make the metal material of above all metal parts, can be various metal materials such as structural carbon steel, structural alloy steel, titanium alloy particularly.
Although in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described above; but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific embodiment; the above-mentioned specific embodiment only is schematic; be not restrictive; those of ordinary skill in the art is under enlightenment of the present invention; not breaking away under the scope situation that aim of the present invention and claim protect, can also make the concrete conversion of a lot of forms, these all belong within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. a dynamic and static pressure main shaft device comprises main shaft (1) and support (16), it is characterized in that, described main shaft (1) is provided with has the radially bearing of pressure-bearing function and thrust function; Described main shaft (1) upper bearing (metal) comprises the ceramic friction pair that Ceramic shaft sleeve and ceramic bearing shell constitute, and with the metal material part the non-surface of friction pair of described Ceramic shaft sleeve and described ceramic bearing shell is constituted full subsumption architecture simultaneously.
2. a kind of dynamic and static pressure main shaft device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described main shaft (1) front portion is equipped with radially-two-way thrust fore bearing, and described main shaft (1) rear portion is equipped with radially rear bearing;
Radially described-two-way thrust fore bearing comprises that right-hand member is provided with flange (7-2), left end is provided with the metal system forward spindle lining (7) of external screw thread (7-1), the left shaft shoulder of the right side of described forward spindle lining (7) and described main shaft (1) fits tightly, described forward spindle lining (7) outside is equipped with pre-ceramic right axle sleeve (6) from right to left successively, thrust Ceramic shaft sleeve (4) and pre-ceramic left axle sleeve (3), described thrust Ceramic shaft sleeve (4) external mounting has metal to prevent push shaft sleeve bushing (5), and the left side of described forward spindle lining (7) is equipped with the front shaft sleeve end cap (2) that is provided with internal thread (2-1); Described support (16) is a bearing shell lining (17) before benchmark is equipped with its left side, bearing shell lining (17) is provided with radial bore (17-13) and thrust endoporus (17-11) before described, described radial bore (17-13) sidewall is provided with radially feed liquor annular recess (17-4), described radially feed liquor annular recess (17-4) top is connected with one and extends to the radially inlet opening (17-3) that preceding bearing shell lining (17) is outside and communicate with the interior feed flow of support (16) hole, bearing shell lining (17) right-hand member is provided with the drainage structure before described, described thrust endoporus (17-11) end face is provided with the thrust feed liquor annular recess (17-14) that the top connects the perpendicular inlet opening (17-15) of thrust, thrust feed liquor annular recess (17-14) communicates with the interior feed flow of support (16) hole by perpendicular inlet opening (17-15) of thrust and the horizontal inlet opening of thrust (17-2), described radial bore (17-13) is provided with the 4th drainage annular recess (17-12) that the bottom is provided with the 4th leakage opening (17-10) near thrust endoporus (17-11) distolateral wall, and described the 4th leakage opening (17-10) communicates with the interior outage of support (16) by horizontal leakage opening (17-9); The radial bore (17-13) of described preceding bearing shell lining (17) is interior to be radially ceramic bearing shell (18) before benchmark is fixed with its right side, radially ceramic bearing shell (18) is outside before described is provided with feed liquor annular recess (18-1) corresponding to described radially feed liquor annular recess (17-4), described feed liquor annular recess (18-1) bottom is provided with circumferentially uniform inlet opening (18-3), described ceramic bearing shell (18) inwall is provided with sap cavity (18-2) corresponding to described inlet opening (18-3) position, is provided with flow controller (18-4) between described inlet opening (18-3) and the described sap cavity (18-2); Be fixed with thrust pottery right bearing shell (19) before described in the thrust endoporus (17-11) of bearing shell lining (17), right bearing shell (19) one end faces of described thrust pottery are provided with feed liquor annular recess (19-2) corresponding to described thrust feed liquor annular recess (17-14) position, described feed liquor annular recess (19-2) bottom is provided with circumferentially uniform inlet opening (19-3), described thrust pottery right bearing shell (19) other end is provided with sap cavity (19-1) corresponding to inlet opening (19-3) position, is provided with flow controller (19-4) between described inlet opening (19-3) and the described sap cavity (19-1); Bearing shell lining (17) is connected with the preceding bearing shell end cap (21) that is arranged at described main shaft (1) front end before described by bolt, bearing shell end cap (21) is provided with and is used for fixing the thrust endoporus (21-10) that the thrust left bearing shell of pottery (20) is installed before described, the shape of the described thrust left bearing shell of pottery (20) and position and described thrust pottery right bearing shell (19) symmetry, described thrust endoporus (21-10) end face is provided with the corresponding thrust feed liquor of the feed liquor annular recess annular recess (21-9) with the thrust left bearing shell of pottery (20), described thrust feed liquor annular recess (21-9) top is provided with the thrust inlet opening (21-1) that is connected with the horizontal inlet opening of described thrust (17-2), bearing shell end cap (21) is provided with the drainage structure near described main shaft (1) front end before described, this drainage structure is communicated to the interior outage of described support (16) by the corresponding through hole of horizontal leakage opening (21-7) and preceding bearing shell lining (17), and described preceding bearing shell end cap (21) is gone up in described thrust bush lining (5) outer fix and is provided with the thrust drainage annular recess (21-12) that connects thrust leakage opening (21-8); The non-surface of friction pair of wherein said pre-ceramic left axle sleeve (3), thrust Ceramic shaft sleeve (4) and pre-ceramic right axle sleeve (6), preceding radially ceramic bearing shell (18), thrust pottery right bearing shell (19), the thrust left bearing shell of pottery (20) is contained by metal system front shaft sleeve end cap (2), thrust bush lining (5), forward spindle lining (7), preceding bearing shell lining (17), preceding bearing shell end cap (21);
Described radially rear bearing comprises that the left side is provided with the rear axle housing end cap (9) of internal thread (9-1) near the right shaft shoulder of described main shaft (1) and its right-hand member, rear axle housing end cap (9) and left end are provided with the back mainshaft bushing (11) that external screw thread (11-1), right-hand member be provided with flange (11-2) and are connected, and are equipped with the back Ceramic shaft sleeve (10) of right-hand member near described flange (11-2) on the described back mainshaft bushing (11); Outside the flushing with the left side of described rear axle housing end cap (9) is that benchmark is provided with the back bearing shell lining (14) that is installed on the support (16), radial bore (14-12) sidewall of described back bearing shell lining (14) is provided with radially feed liquor annular recess (14-8), described radially feed liquor annular recess (14-8) top is connected with one and extends to the radially inlet opening (14-7) that described back bearing shell lining (14) is outside and communicate with the interior feed flow of support (16) hole, described back bearing shell lining (14) left end is provided with the drainage structure, and the raised head face of described back bearing shell lining 14 is provided with the horizontal leakage opening (14-9) that two one ends communicate with the interior leakage opening of support (16); The radial bore (14-12) of described back bearing shell lining (14) serves as to be equipped with back ceramic bearing shell (13) in the benchmark of location with its left side, the described ceramic bearing shell in back (13) is outside to be provided with the feed liquor annular recess (13-1) that the bottom is provided with circumferentially uniform inlet opening (13-2) corresponding to described radially feed liquor annular recess (14-8), described back ceramic bearing shell (13) inwall is provided with sap cavity (13-4) corresponding to described inlet opening (13-2) position, and described inlet opening (is provided with flow controller (13-3) between 13-20 and the sap cavity (13-4); Described back bearing shell lining (14) right-hand member is equipped with the back bearing shell end cap (12) that the drainage structure is set, and this drainage structure is communicated to the interior outage of support (16) by the corresponding through hole of horizontal leakage opening (12-9) and horizontal leakage opening (14-9); The non-surface of friction pair of wherein said back Ceramic shaft sleeve (10), the ceramic bearing shell in back (13) by metal system rear axle housing end cap (9), back mainshaft bushing (11), part after bearing shell end cap (12), afterwards bearing shell lining (14) contains respectively.
3. a kind of dynamic and static pressure main shaft device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, be symmetrically arranged with conical surface bearing before and after the described main shaft (1), described conical surface bearing comprises that an end is provided with the mainshaft bushing of flange (27-1) (27), it is that positioning and fixing is on main shaft (1) that described mainshaft bushing (27) abuts against on main shaft (1) shaft shoulder with flange (27-1), described mainshaft bushing (27) serves as that the location fixedly is equipped with taper Ceramic shaft sleeve (26) and axle sleeve end cap (22) successively with flange (27-1) inboard, the outer diametric plane of described taper Ceramic shaft sleeve (26) is the conical surface, axle sleeve end cap (22) and flange (27-1) align with the both ends of the surface of taper Ceramic shaft sleeve (26) respectively, to realize the subsumption architecture to taper Ceramic shaft sleeve (26);
Described mainshaft bushing (27) is outside to be that benchmark is provided with the bearing shell lining (24) that is fixedly mounted on the support (16) with its inner face, the sidewall of the radial bore (24-10) of described bearing shell lining (24) is provided with feed liquor annular recess (24-3), described feed liquor annular recess (24-3) top is connected with one and extends to the inlet opening (25-2) that bearing shell lining (24) is outside and communicate with the interior feed flow of support (28) hole, the inner side of bearing shell lining (24) is provided with three grades of drainage structures, and bearing shell lining (24) outer end raised head face also is provided with the horizontal leakage opening (24-1) that communicates with the interior leakage opening of support (28);
Being fixed with inner cavity surface in the radial bore (24-10) of described bearing shell lining (24) is the taper pottery bearing shell (25) of the conical surface, described taper pottery bearing shell (25) serves as the location benchmark with the bottom, hole of radial bore (24-10), its left side flushes with the left side of taper Ceramic shaft sleeve (26), described taper pottery bearing shell (25) is outside to be provided with feed liquor annular recess (25-1) corresponding to feed liquor annular recess (24-3), described feed liquor annular recess (25-1) bottom is provided with circumferentially uniform inlet opening (25-2), taper pottery bearing shell (25) inwall is provided with sap cavity (25-3) corresponding to inlet opening (25-2) position, is provided with flow controller (25-4) between inlet opening (25-2) and the sap cavity (25-3);
Described bearing shell lining (24) outer end is equipped with the bearing shell end cap (23) that is provided with three grades of drainage structures, and level drainage structure is communicated to the interior outage of support (16) by the horizontal leakage opening (24-1) of horizontal leakage opening (23-7) and bearing shell lining (24).
4. a kind of dynamic and static pressure main shaft device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, bonding or the interference in described main shaft (1) centre position is equipped with mainshaft bushing (35), mainshaft bushing (35) is gone up bonding or interference is equipped with radially Ceramic shaft sleeve (34), radially the two ends of Ceramic shaft sleeve (34) are equipped with thrust Ceramic shaft sleeve (31), the outside of thrust Ceramic shaft sleeve (31) is respectively fitted with one group of thrust bush lining (30), the left side of the thrust bush lining (30) of main shaft (1) front end is near the right side of main shaft (1) shaft shoulder, bonding or the interference of thrust Ceramic shaft sleeve (31) is assemblied in thrust endoporus (30-1) inside of thrust bush lining (30), the degree of depth of thrust endoporus (30-1) equates with the axial width of thrust Ceramic shaft sleeve (31), bonding or the interference in main shaft (1) rear portion is equipped with locking member (36), and the left side of locking member (36) is near the right side of the thrust bush lining (30) of main shaft (1) rear end;
Be respectively arranged with one group of thrust bearing shell lining (29) and the one group of thrust pottery bearing shell (32) that is fixed on the support (16) in two thrust bush linings (30) inboard, bonding or the interference of thrust pottery bearing shell (32) is assemblied in thrust endoporus (29-3) inside of thrust bearing shell lining (29), the outer face of thrust pottery bearing shell (32) is near the inner face of thrust Ceramic shaft sleeve (31), the outer face of thrust pottery bearing shell (32) is provided with ring-type sap cavity (32-1), thrust bearing shell lining (29) is provided with thrust endoporus (29-3) and radial bore (29-4), radial bore (29-4) is used to form the bearing clearance, thrust endoporus (29-3) is used to install thrust pottery bearing shell (32), the degree of depth of thrust endoporus (29-3) equates with the axial width of thrust pottery bearing shell (32), thrust bearing shell lining (29) arranged outside has drainage annular recess (29-1), drainage annular recess (29-1) bottom is provided with leakage opening (29-2), and the position of drainage annular recess (29-1) is in the contact-making surface outside of thrust Ceramic shaft sleeve (31) with thrust pottery bearing shell (32);
Be provided with the radially ceramic bearing shell (33) that is fixed on the support (16) between two thrust bearing shell linings (29), radially ceramic bearing shell (33) outside is symmetrically arranged with two radially feed liquor annular recess (33-1) in the axial direction, radially feed liquor annular recess (33-1) bottom is provided with circumferentially uniform inlet opening (33-2), radially ceramic bearing shell (33) inwall is provided with sap cavity (33-3) corresponding to inlet opening (33-2) position, be provided with flow controller (33-4) between inlet opening (33-2) and the sap cavity (33-3), go up corresponding to feed liquor annular recess (33-1) radially at the outside support (16) of radially ceramic bearing shell (33) and to be provided with radially feed liquor annular recess, this radially the feed liquor annular recess be linked with feed flow hole on the support (16).
Outer face near thrust bearing shell lining (29) is connected with bearing shell end cap (28), and bearing shell end cap (28) is provided with the drainage annular recess (28-1) that the bottom is provided with leakage opening (28-2); Wherein radially the non-surface of friction pair of Ceramic shaft sleeve (34), radially ceramic bearing shell (33), thrust Ceramic shaft sleeve (31), thrust pottery bearing shell (32) is contained respectively by metal system bearing shell end cap (28), thrust bearing shell lining (29), thrust bush lining (30), mainshaft bushing (35), support (16).
5. according to each described a kind of dynamic and static pressure main shaft device in the claim 2 to 4, it is characterized in that described drainage structure is a N level drainage structure, the span of N is 2～4; Described each grade drainage structure comprises the drainage annular recess and is arranged at the leakage opening of its bottom.
6. according to each described a kind of dynamic and static pressure main shaft device in the claim 2 to 4, it is characterized in that described sap cavity can be dark sap cavity, shallow sap cavity, wedge surface sap cavity, clearance type sap cavity or aperture formula sap cavity.
7. according to each described a kind of dynamic and static pressure main shaft device in the claim 2 to 4, it is characterized in that described inlet opening is 3～8.
8. according to each described a kind of dynamic and static pressure main shaft device in the claim 2 to 4, it is characterized in that described flow controller can be capillary restrictor, aperture formula flow controller, slot formula flow controller or porous matter flow controller.
CN 201110107376 2011-04-27 2011-04-27 Dynamic and static pressure main shaft device Pending CN102189277A (en)

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CN103846459A (en) * 2014-02-25 2014-06-11 上海大学 Electric main shaft supported by hydrostatic integrated gas bearing
CN106239186A (en) * 2016-06-14 2016-12-21 杭州铁泰自动化科技有限公司 A kind of high accuracy dynamic and static pressure axis system
CN107876965A (en) * 2017-12-13 2018-04-06 安阳工学院 A kind of vertical high-power electro spindle of anti-leak agitating friction weldering dynamic and static pressure of two-way thrust
CN110100088A (en) * 2017-01-02 2019-08-06 株式会社科伦斯 Valve module with the operation of improved cylindrical cam
CN111707386A (en) * 2020-06-28 2020-09-25 上海理工大学 Dynamic and static pressure main shaft bearing temperature and dynamic pressure testing structure device
CN115026320A (en) * 2022-06-22 2022-09-09 长春工业大学 Hydraulic axial vibration main shaft

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CN103846459A (en) * 2014-02-25 2014-06-11 上海大学 Electric main shaft supported by hydrostatic integrated gas bearing
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CN115026320A (en) * 2022-06-22 2022-09-09 长春工业大学 Hydraulic axial vibration main shaft
CN115026320B (en) * 2022-06-22 2023-12-05 长春工业大学 Hydraulic axial vibration main shaft

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Application publication date: 20110921