CN1021890C - Silver-substitute welding compound and making method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to silver-substitute solder and a preparation method thereof, which belong to solder and a preparation method. The low-temperature solder of the present invention contains Sn, P, Ti, Ni, Ce, Si and Cu; the moderate temperature solder of the present invention also contains Zn. The preparation method comprises the steps that raw materials are processed into small pieces and are washed with acid; the raw materials are sucked into welding rods or cast into ingots after sound waves are introduced to melt the raw materials, and then are reprocessed into thin bands or powder. The prepared solder has high purity, favorable performance, high productive efficiency and low cost. The silver-substitute solder can be used for welding objects which need silver solder in industry of electron, etc. The melting method of the silver-substitute solder can be used for melting various advanced materials, and the solder processing method can be used for processing band materials and wire materials of various materials.

Description

Silver-Substitute welding compound and making method

A kind of silver-Substitute welding compound and manufacture method thereof.

Silver is precious metal in short supply in the world, and along with industrial expansion, silver-colored consumption is increasing, but world's silver ore is exhausted day by day, for this reason, uses the survival and development of bank's industry to be influenced.Also there are following two drawbacks in actual applications in silver solder in the past, first silver vapour pressure height, very easily evaporate during welding, form electric leakage, sparking, destroy the product electric property, as high power transistor is the heart of complete machine, but its base plate adopts the silver solder welding, because the evaporation of silver, the base plate insulaion resistance is reduced, thereby influence transistorized performance; It two is that silver-colored penetration is strong excessively, easily makes materials to be welded produce corrode, transcrystalline and cracking, reduces the mechanical strength of welding, influences the sealing and the reliability of product, as electron tube.For this reason, people constantly lead and look for the no silver solder that can replace silver, and the silver-Substitute welding compound prescription is common both at home and abroad at present is made up of Cu, P, four kinds of materials of Sn, Ni.What the melting employing of material was maximum is melting in air (carbon and resistance or eddy-current heating), comparatively advanced is vacuum melting (eddy-current heating), so the scolder gassiness is many, cause when welding and can produce boiling phenomenon, cause that the scolder splatter is to non-solder side, make the product electric leakage, strike sparks or burst, influence the air-tightness of product; Can not fully form real eutectic between the multiple raw material of scolder,, weaken seam-filling ability greatly so free-running property is poor; Scolder impurity is many, not only influences product sealing-in air-tightness, and easily generation is leaked electricity, struck sparks; Scolder crystal grain is thick, makes by weldering product bad mechanical property, in use is subjected to thermal shock easy to crack, and reliability of products is reduced.Roll compacting is all adopted in band processing now, be pressed onto generally adopt now thick from ingot casting and be the band about 0.15mm, will pass through several 10 roll extrusion and annealing repeatedly, impurity is very easily brought into, and material is oxidation easily also, silver-Substitute welding compound particularly, raw material itself is very crisp, must adopt hot pressing, so oxidation is even more serious, and each drafts is very little, and production efficiency is low; Need that preparation is a lot of just, finishing mill and many annealing furnaces and auxiliary equipment (as precision grinder), so investment is big, as adopt getting rid of fast of current research success to throw the amorphous ribbon technology of making, have that processing thickness can only (but weldment requires the thickness of scolder should be 0.1～0.15mm) less than the shortcoming of 0.04mm strip, and investment is big, the cost height.Rolling and wire drawing is generally adopted in wire rod (being welding rod) processing now, and because of need adopt hot rolling, hot-drawn, impurity is easily brought in the easy oxidation of material into, influences welding rod quality, need roll repeatedly to draw and anneal, so efficient is low.

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of prescription and manufacture method thereof of silver-Substitute welding compound, and can enhance productivity, reduce production costs.

In generation of the present invention,, silver-colored material was except that containing Cu, P, four kinds of materials of Ni, Sn, the material that has also contained active function: Zr, Ce, Ti, Si, its chemical composition (weight %) is 3-10%Sn, 0.02-0.20%Zr, 3-10%P, 0.02-0.20%Ti, 0.5-15%Ni, 0.01-0.05%Ce, 0.05-0.20%Si, and remainder is Cu.

Scolder manufacture method of the present invention is: various raw materials are processed into fritter with plate shearing machine or cutting machine, clean up (can be nitric acid, hydrochloric acid or chromic acid) with acid, by prescription requirement batching, adding the interior melting of black-fead crucible (10) that places on the smelting furnace melts to whole, introduced sound wave energy 5-10 minute with sonic generator (1) and vibrational system, so that fully infiltration fusion between each component in the liquation, effectively remove impurity and gas, remove surface impurity then and be cast into ingot, be reprocessed into strip scolder or powdery scolder.Vibrational system is made up of transducer (6) and luffing bar (7), transducer (6) has the rectangular sheet of slot to be superimposed together by the nickel skin in the middle of oxidation processes strikes out, respectively wind on two limits again with 15-20 circle lead, luffing bar (7) is the stairstepping cylinder made from No. 45 steel, and the lower surface of the upper surface of its butt end and transducer (6) welds together.The processing of strip scolder of the present invention is that the square ingot that casting is good is placed on the planer, processes at one time according to required thickness and width.The processing of powdery scolder is that the billet that casting is good is placed on lathe and gets on the bus into chip, and the good square ingot of maybe will cast is placed on to dig on the planer makes chip, again chip is inserted the high-speed rotary pulverizer to pulverize, to the powder that comes out sieve the powdery scolder.The processing of soldering bar is performed such, do not cast after introducing the sound wave energy melting at raw material, keep molten state, with heat-resistant tube (13) the insertion liquation that toasts preheatings and be connected with vacuum system (11) through 200 ℃, mention immediately after the suction place water cool off fast welding rod, get another root heat-resistant tube repetitive operation again.Heat-resistant tube can use industrial glass, quartz glass, pottery or graphite to make, and the internal diameter of heat-resistant tube is the diameter of required soldering bar.

Fig. 1 is a raw material melting schematic diagram, 1-sonic generator wherein, 2-sound wave output lead, 3,8-transducer water-cooling system, 4-support, 5-transducer cooling jacket, 6-transducer, 7-luffing bar, 9-motlten metal, 10-crucible

Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of vacuum draw system soldering bar.10-crucible wherein, 11-vacuum system, 13-heat-resistant tube, 14-flexible pipe, 15-switch

Fig. 3 is the nickel sheet schematic diagram of the transducer after the punching press.

Fig. 4 is a luffing bar schematic diagram of manufacturing vibrational system.

Embodiment one: present embodiment is used to make the strip scolder.At first make vibrational system, with thick for the nickel sheet of 0.1mm carries out after the oxidation processes by Fig. 3 punching press growth 110mm, wide 40mm, there is the thin slice in 10mm * 70mm hole the centre, it is thick to be overlapped into 40mm again, respectively winds with 15 circle leads on two long limits, makes transducer, No. 45 round steel are become the stairstepping cylinder by Fig. 4 car, butt diameter is 60mm, and long is 60mm, and diameter at smaller end directly is 25mm, long for 180mm makes the luffing bar, and then the upper surface of its butt end and transducer lower surface welded together make vibrational system.With Ti, Ni, Ce, Si, Zr, Sn, the P-Cu alloy, electrolysis Cu is processed into fritter with plate shearing machine, take by weighing 0.7 kilogram of Sn after cleaning up with hydrochloric acid, 0.007 kilogram Zr, 0.007 kilogram Ti, 0.07 kilogram Ni, 0.0035 kilogram Ce, 0.0035 kilogram Si, 1.62 kilogram P-Cu alloy (P content is 13%), 4.59 kilogram electrolysis Cu places standby respectively, light coke-fired furnace, the black-fead crucible that will fill charcoal chip (making reducing agent uses) is placed bakeout degassing on the stove, No. 10 black-fead crucibles that melting is used are also placed bakeout degassing on the stove, when its inwall takes on a red color, the above-mentioned raw material that takes by weighing is followed these steps to operation, at first the P-Cu alloy is inserted crucible, simultaneously electrolysis Cu and Ni fritter are placed on preheating on the table, after treating the P-Cu alloy melting, electrolysis Cu and Ni with preheating sandwiches crucible immediately, ladle out the breeze covering surfaces with spoon, cover crucible cover, starting air blast heats, connect the cooling water of acoustic vibration system and the low tension switch of sonic generator, treat that electrolysis Cu and Ni all melt, stirred 1-2 minute with graphite rod through toasting, add Sn then, stirred again 0.5 minute, add Zr again, Ti, Ce, stirred again 0.5 minute, move the shelf that is used for linking up with vibrational system, make microcephaly's part end of luffing bar place on the stove baking 2 minutes, mobile again shelf, making the little cephalic par of vibrational system leave stove, to insert the about 10mm of liquation dark, start the high-voltage switch gear of sonic generator immediately, make sonic generator work output sound wave energy, and be incorporated in the liquation through vibrational system, kept 5 minutes, turn off generator power then, remove vibrational system, remove molten surface impurity with spoon, clamp crucible with clamp, mention on the casting bed, aligning is cast through the mould of overbaking, wait to have cast and cool off with running water immediately, ingot casting is taken out in the cooling back, ingot casting (square ingot) is placed on the planer according to thick 0.15mm, and wide 10mm requires to dig and makes strip-shaped solder.

Embodiment two: present embodiment is used to make the soldering bar.Batching and operating process, as add acoustic wave transducer etc. as embodiment one, take out an end of an insertion and the flexible pipe of oil-sealed rotary pump connection for industrial glass pipe that to make the soldering bar should be 4mm with the selected internal diameter that is preheating to 200 ℃ in baking oven in advance especially, connect pumping source, liquation is inserted in the lower end of glass tube, liquation promptly is inhaled into glass tube, immediately glass tube is inserted in the cooling water tank on next door, promptly get the soldering bar, get another root glass tube again and aspirate repetitive operation.

The scolder quality that makes with prescription of the present invention and manufacture method is good, does not have impurity, be difficult for oxidized, and production efficiency height, cost is low. The soldering bar good toughness of processing. Scolder of the present invention can be used for all places that need use silver solder; It is good that method of smelting of the present invention has a Melting Quality than vacuum melting best in the modern industry production, the characteristics that cost is low, efficient is high, investment is low, both being fit to small lot research test uses, also being fit to large-scale production uses, both being fit to melting does not have silver and silver solder is arranged, and is fit to the various senior non-ferrous alloy materials of melting yet. The processing method of strip scolder of the present invention is applicable to the strip processing of the various materials that comprise scolder, and has the outstanding advantage that gets twice the result with half the effort; Soldering bar processing method is applicable to that various materials particularly for the big material that is difficult to process with conventional method of fragility, more can bring into play its superiority.

Claims (3)

1, a kind of silver-Substitute welding compound, its raw material comprise Cu, P, Sn, Ni, it is characterized in that also having comprised Zr, Ce, Ti, the Si of active function, its chemical composition (weight %) is that 3-10%Sn, 0.02-0.20%Zr, 3-10%P, 0.02-0.20%Ti, 0.5-15%Ni, 0.01-0.05%Ce, 0.05-0.20%Si, remainder are copper Cu.

2, a kind of manufacture method of silver-Substitute welding compound according to claim 1 is characterized in that raw material all after the fusing, and introducing can make fully infiltration fusion between each component in the liquation, effectively remove the sound wave energy 5～10 minutes of impurity and gas.

3, the manufacture method of silver-Substitute welding compound according to claim 2, it is characterized in that the processing of soldering bar, when keeping molten state, with after heat-resistant tube [13] suction of 200 ℃ of baking preheatings, mention immediately and place water to cool off fast, heat-resistant tube (13) can use industrial glass, quartz glass, pottery or graphite to make, and its internal diameter is the diameter of required soldering bar.

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