CN102187834A

CN102187834A - Directional mating and breeding method in Eriocheir sinensis breeding

Info

Publication number: CN102187834A
Application number: CN2011100935180A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李跃华; 朱清顺; 柏如发; 邓燕飞
Original assignee: Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province
Current assignee: Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province
Priority date: 2011-04-14
Filing date: 2011-04-14
Publication date: 2011-09-21

Abstract

The invention relates to a directional mating and breeding method in Eriocheir sinensis breeding, comprising the following steps of: referring to the Eriocheir sinensis standard GB/T19783-2005, selecting male and female Eriocheir sinensis individuals with mature gonads from different species groups in the first ten-day period of November as parents, after labeling, breeding the male and female Eriocheir sinensis individuals separately, and strengthening cultivation; in the last ten-day period of November, pairing and putting the parents subjected to cultivation strengthening into cylindrical net cages weaved by polyethylene soft plastic, wherein each cylindrical net cage is 50 cm in diameter and 60 cm in height, and the salinity of water is 0.209; distributing a male crab for each net cage, wherein the ratio of female to male of full sib directional mating is 1:1, and the ratio of female to male of half-sib directional mating is 2: 1 or 3: 1; putting the obtained egg-carrying crabs into a 2*667 m<2>*1.5 m outdoor soil pond for overwintering cultivation; in the middle ten-day period of April of next year, pumping out the water in the pond to catch the egg-carrying crabs, putting the egg-carrying crabs into cylindrical net cages weaved by polyethylene soft plastic, wherein the cylindrical net cages are respectively 20 cm in diameter and 50 cm in height and are respectively arranged in net boxes in size of 3*2*1.5 m in other soil ponds respectively, and one egg-carrying crab is arranged in each net box; after the culturing of young crabs is finished, taking out the parents, and performing soil pond cultivation for the juvenile crabs according to the Eriocheir sinensis artificial breeding standard SC/T1099-2007.

Description

Directional cross in the Eriocheir sinensia family selective breeding and seedling-cultivating method

Technical field

The present invention relates to directional cross and seedling-cultivating method in the Eriocheir sinensia family selective breeding.

Background technology

Eriocheir sinensia is the distinctive famous and precious freshwater fish of China, is subjected to consumers in general's favor deeply, is the mainstay industry of Jiangsu Province's fresh water culture fishery.Yet, owing to reasons such as different water system Eriocheir sinensias unordered mixes, inbreedings, cause the Eriocheir sinensia individuality of breed to diminish, disease takes place frequently, quality descends, and has brought massive losses for the aquatic products aquaculture.Therefore, the family selective breeding technology successfully has been applied to the Eriocheir sinensia breeding in recent years, and by family selective breeding, the germplasm of the Eriocheir sinensia of having purified has improved the specification and the quality of culturing, and has produced huge social benefit and economic benefit.

Summary of the invention

Effective, feasible full sibs, half sibs directional cross and seedling-cultivating method in the native in the open pond when technical issues that need to address of the present invention are the Eriocheir sinensia family selective breeding.

For achieving the above object, the technical scheme taked of the present invention is:

In early November, with reference to Eriocheir sinensia standard GB/T 19783-2005, from different population, select sexual gland fully-developed male and female Eriocheir sinensia individuality as the parent, behind the mark male and female are separately raised reinforced cultivating.In late November, will put into the cylindrical close crab mating cage of polyethylene that specification is diameter 50cm, high 60cm through parent's pairing of reinforced cultivating.Each cylinder mould is joined a male crab, and the male and female ratio of full sibs directional cross is 1: 1, and the male and female ratio of half sibs directional cross is 2: 1 or 3: 1.

The ovigerous crab that obtains is put into 2 * 667m ²Overwintering culture in the outdoor earth pond of * 1.5m.

In mid-April, second, draining Chi Shui, to catch out its filial generation embryonic development better, is about to the ovigerous crab of membrane, after ovigerous crab is gone into close crab mating cage by a crab one cage mounted, put into respectively and be set up in Tu Chizhong, specification is the net cage of 3m * 2m * 1.5m, every net cage is put an ovigerous crab and is put the children.

After waiting to put children's end, take out the parent, the Tu Chi that carries out juvenile crab according to Eriocheir sinensia artificial breeding technique standard SC/T 1099-2007 cultivates.

Characteristics such as that the present invention has is workable, cost is low, oogenesis amount controlled, ovigerous crab overwintering survival rate height, unit of water body juvenile crab output height have important use to be worth at aspects such as the family selective breeding of Eriocheir sinensia, genetic breeding, sustainable breed.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 explanation: Fig. 1 is close crab mating cage schematic diagram, and this cage is the cylindrical cylinder mould of polyethylene of diameter 50cm, high 60cm, upper end uncovered bottom sealing, and the mesh of bottom and cylinder is the positive hexagon of diagonal angle line length 3cm.But the string bag of the taper degree of tightness that it is 2cm that the cylinder mould upper end connects a mesh is with sealing cylinder mould upper end, so that pick and place close crab.

Fig. 2 explanation: Fig. 2 is the net cage schematic diagram of growing seedlings, and this net cage is that 100 nylon bolting silk is made by mesh, and is uncovered, specification: 3m * 2m * 1.5m.Net cage is erected at offshore 10m part, and East and West direction is arranged, and is beneficial to the water body exchange in the net cage.Four jiaos of bamboo poles with long 3m are fixed, and case is raised to the higher plane of principle and exceeded more than the water surface 30cm, and one in qi of chong channel ascending adversely stone is set in each net cage.

Specific implementation method

1. directional cross method:

1.1 parent's selection and reinforced cultivating: select that the figure is normal, well-grown, no disease, appendage are complete, the parent of gonadal maturation, after carrying out mark, male and female are separately raised, the new fresh and alive clam worm of throwing something and feeding every day once, feeding volume is about 5% of a temporary adopted parents crab body weight, fattens the further growth with sexual gland to promote close crab.

1.2 directional cross: will from native pond, catch out the water purification flushing through the close crab of 25d reinforced cultivating.When making up, successively the parent was put into family full-sibs that to prepare perfect specification in advance be diameter 50cm, the cylindrical close crab mating cage of high 60cm polyethylene (Fig. 1) during by male and female 1: 1, family half sibs structure in 2: 1 or 3: 1 by male and female, cylinder mould is sunk to outdoor earth pond, mud 3-5cm is gone in the cylinder mould bottom, carries out directional cross.Outdoor earth pond area 2 * 667m ², depth of water 30cm, 2d injection salinity is about 20 ‰ filtering sea before the mating.Mating season, water temperature was between 6-8 ℃.During the directional cross, the bright hairtail piece of throwing something and feeding every afternoon for guaranteeing the mating success, reduces various interference between mating season as far as possible.

1.3 ovigerous crab overwinter management: wait to find in the mating cage to catch immediately and to get male crab behind the female crab oogenesis, ovigerous crab is performed mark after, put into area 2 * 667m ²Winter feeding in the native pond of * 1.5m.The salinity 22 ‰-23 ‰ of water, irregularly throw something and feed clam worm alive, fresh fish.

2. directed seedling-cultivating method:

2.1 nursery pond condition: outdoor earth pond, rectangle, east-west, area 5 * 667m ²More than, depth of water 2m, 20cm place East and West direction is laid the micropore oxygen increasing tube at the bottom of the pond.The pond injection salinity after finishing, the sterilization of cleaning up the pond of growing seedlings is 23 ‰ seawater, and the method for cleaning up the pond is identical with conventional seedling rearing in earth ponds.

The net cage 2.2 grow seedlings: net cage is that 100 nylon bolting silk is made by mesh, and is uncovered, specification: 3m * 2m * 1.5m.Net cage (Fig. 2) is erected at the middle part, pond, fixes with bamboo pole for four jiaos, East and West direction sets gradually, and case is raised to the higher plane of principle and exceeded more than the water surface 30cm, and one in qi of chong channel ascending adversely stone is set in each net cage.Net cage sets up to be operated in puts the preceding 3d end of children.

Put the children 2.3 decide case: according to the embryonic development and the weather condition of ovigerous crab ovum, drain wintering pond in mid-April, second, catch out ovigerous crab.According to the orientation of an ovigerous crab of the net cage principle of growing seedlings, transferred the color of ovum to ash gray ovigerous crab one one cage mounted and gone in the mating cage, entry is pricked and is hung over the net cage top.Write down the mark of each case ovigerous crab.Put that keep throwing something and feeding fresh fish every day in cage during the children, check the hatching situation of ovum every day, treat that ovigerous crab puts after the children finishes, in time shift out the parent, number respectively the volume collection preserved and continue to employ.

2.4 juvenile crab is cultivated: children to be put finishes, will produce empty ovigerous crab taking-up after, begin bait throwing at once.Preceding 3d mainly throws aluzyme and adds fresh and alive wheel animalcule, and every day is more than 5 times.Promptly change behind the 3d to throw fresh and alive wheel animalcule, every day 2 times, the morning and evening respectively once.Wait to become the wheel animalcule of throwing something and feeding behind the megalops larva and add the fish gruel.Between nursery stage the sufficient dissolved oxygen of guaranteeing water in the casing, the uninterrupted qi of chong channel ascending adversely of 24h.Enter May, grow seedlings the net cage body because long bait throwing in causes mesh to stop up, this moment is good for the water quality of guaranteeing to grow seedlings, to grow seedlings net cage change water during 15:00 every day, changes water 1/3 at every turn, adopts the water inlet pumping hole to the net cage of the growing seedlings slight flushing of tilting when water inlet, scrub around the net cage, with the grow seedlings exchange of water body inside and outside the net cage of effective acceleration, water quality preferably in the guard box to greatest extent is to improve survival rate of seedling.

Claims

1. Eriocheir sinensia directional cross and seedling-cultivating method, it is characterized in that: with reference to Eriocheir sinensia standard GB/T 19783-2005, select that form is normal, well-grown, appendage are complete, do not have disease, reach sexually matured original seed or breeding, male and female are separately raised, it is carried out reinforced cultivating, fattens, mating in specific cage is grown seedlings in net cage.

2. according to the sharp seedling-cultivating method of the described Eriocheir sinensia directional cross of claim 1, it is characterized in that:

(1) parent's matching method: in late November, to put into specification through parent's pairing that reinforced cultivating is fattened is diameter 50cm, the cylindrical cylinder mould of high 60cm polyethylene, each cage is put 1 of male crab, during the full sibs directional cross in the cage each cage join 1 female crab, join the only female crab of 2-3 during the half sibs directional cross in the cage.

(2) mating method: the cylinder mould that will install close crab is put into outdoor earth pond, pond depth of water 30cm, and salinity 20 ‰ is let alone pangamy.

(3) culture facility: not having specification at native pond middle frame is the bolting silk net cage of 3m * 2m * 1.5m, and the density of mesh is 100 orders, 1 in built-in qi of chong channel ascending adversely stone.Pond depth of water 2m, the salinity of water is 22 ‰-23 ‰.

(4) seedling-cultivating method: will go in the close crab mating cage through one one cage mounted of ovigerous crab of surviving the winter, and hang in the net cage according to one case one cage entry bundle, SC/T1099-2007 carries out the cultivation of juvenile crab according to Eriocheir sinensia artificial breeding technique standard.