CN102184995B - Long-range plasmon waveguide array synergy unit for solar cell - Google Patents
Long-range plasmon waveguide array synergy unit for solar cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN102184995B CN102184995B CN 201110069985 CN201110069985A CN102184995B CN 102184995 B CN102184995 B CN 102184995B CN 201110069985 CN201110069985 CN 201110069985 CN 201110069985 A CN201110069985 A CN 201110069985A CN 102184995 B CN102184995 B CN 102184995B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of solar cells, in particular to a long-range plasmon waveguide array synergy unit for a solar cell. The specific structure of the long-range plasmon waveguide array synergy unit consists of a long-range plasmon waveguide array, a diffraction grating, a transparent conducting thin film, a glass substrate and a photovoltaic material. The long-range plasma laser waveguide array synergy unit is characterized in that: surface plasmons generated by the waveguide array synergy unit are used for localization to enhance the light field strength on the metal waveguide surface and improve the absorptivity of the solar cell to incident sunlight. Through the technology, the absorptivity of the solar cell to incident sunlight is increased under the condition of not affecting the normal absorption of a photovoltaic material on the top layer to the incident light of a light-facing face, and then the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the photovoltaic solar cell technical field, relate to a kind of long-range plasma excimer waveguide array synergy unit for solar cell.
Background technology
Energy problem is one of major issue of facing of society, along with petering out of fossil fuel energy, seeks the popular problem that novel, reproducible energy source becomes present field of scientific study.Solar energy is inexhaustible, nexhaustible renewable, clean energy resourcies of the mankind, the most potential main flow energy that becomes the world, and its development and utilization has obtained people and has paid close attention to widely.The crystal silicon solar energy battery technology is comparatively ripe at present, and the gross energy conversion efficiency has reached more than 20%, is a kind of solar cell that is most widely used at present, yet its expensive price and complicated manufacture craft have limited its application.Therefore, the photoelectric conversion efficiency that improves low-cost thin-film solar cells by technological means is an important means that enlarges solar energy industry.
Plasmon wave guide is the new optical devices of developing in the nanophotonics research field in recent years, and it is also simultaneously the emerging research direction of nanophotonics research field in recent years that plasmon is learned.The plasmon wave guide outward appearance is strip form film, and thickness is generally several nanometers to tens nanometers, and width is generally micron dimension.Make material and can adopt the various metals material, yet consider the actual application background of spillage of material and device, generally select the precious metals such as the less gold, silver of loss, platinum.Plasmon wave guide is under the electric field action of incident light, and the electronics of the boundary of metal and medium will produce the lengthwise oscillations of continuous fluctuating, and then plays a kind of special electromagnetic wave at the surface excitation of metal and medium.According to plasma theory, this electromagnetic wave is a kind of transverse magnetic mode of light, the vertical and transmission direction of magnetic-field component.After plasmon wave guide is excited, with respect to traditional transparent non-metallic material fiber waveguide, plasmon wave guide has unique optics localization enhancement effect, subwavelength optics transport properties and light transfer characteristic etc., and these character impel plasmon wave guide to be widely used at aspects such as nano-integrated optics device technology and photoelectron sensings.
At present, in technical field of solar batteries, be that the technological means of solar cell synergistic is of common occurrence by metal nanoparticle, but yet there are no report with the technology that the mode of using plasma excimer waveguide array improves solar battery efficiency.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem:The objective of the invention is in order to overcome the weak point of prior art, improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cell, the present invention proposes the long-range plasma excimer waveguide array synergy unit for solar cell, utilize the metal surface plasma body excimer that this synergy unit produces to produce to the incident light that shines on solar cell the effect that localization strengthens, improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cell.
Technical scheme:Long-range plasma excimer waveguide array synergy unit for solar cell of the present invention is made of long-range plasma excimer waveguide array, diffraction grating, transparent conductive film, glass substrate, photovoltaic material; Transparent conductive film is set on glass substrate, being in same plane in length and breadth on transparent conductive film, arranged distribution has waveguide array, between two waveguide arrays of longitudinal arrangement, diffraction grating is set, the concrete number of grating is not limit, waveguide array and diffraction grating thickness are for counting nanometer to tens nanometers, in waveguide array, any waveguide is all the rectangular film structure, and length and width are not limit; Incident light is through photovoltaic material, on the waveguide array surface, and the distribution of light intensity on waveguide array surface significantly strengthened by local, significantly improves photovoltaic material to the absorption efficiency of incident sunlight, and then improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cell.
Preparation metal waveguide array and diffraction grating metal material used are the metals such as gold, silver, copper, nickel, zinc, platinum, or above material alloy separately, or the different metal composite material.
When this synergy unit basis was applied to different solar cell, photovoltaic material was different concrete materials according to being applied to different solar cells; Be applied to DSSC, photovoltaic material is the redox electrolytes material, as
With acetonitrile, valeronitrile, 32 methoxypropionitriles, ethylene carbonate and propene carbonate etc. or its mixture; Be applied to other solar cells, photovoltaic material is semi-conducting material, as materials such as crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, Copper Indium Gallium Selenide, copper indium diselenide, cadmium telluride, GaAs, gallium aluminium arsenic, gallium indium phosphorus germanium.
Transparent conductive film material is tin indium oxide (ITO) or fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) transparent conductive film material, and thickness is for counting nanometer to tens nanometers.
The present invention is on principle, be achieved as follows: when incident light passes photovoltaic material and incides on diffraction grating on back electrode, theoretical according to surface plasma, Metal diffraction grating will produce the additional wave vector, when additional wave vector and free space wave vector sum equal corresponding surface plasma wave vector, can excite the plasmon of metal and dielectric surface long-range transmission.This effect can convert the incident light of vertical irradiation along the electromagnetic wave of metal waveguide transmission to, produces the light field that strong localization strengthens around metal waveguide.In view of optical field distribution, the metal surface can produce the very strong hot spot of distribution of light intensity, and scope can reach several microns to tens microns.When the photovoltaic material of the light anode of dye solar cell or other solar cells was within this light field scope, the efficient that solar cell absorbs incident light had obviously obtained reinforcement.This effect namely means in the situation that do not affect the side to light photovoltaic material to the normal absorption of incident light, also utilize as much as possible the sunlight after transmission, further increase the utilization ratio of sunlight, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cell is had quite significantly improve.
Beneficial effect:The present invention compare with existing solar cell have advantages of following: 1, this technology, can be in the situation that the photovoltaic material that does not affect the solar cell side to light to the normal utilance that increases incident light that absorbs of incident light, improves solar cell integrated photoelectric conversion efficiency.
2, this technology can significantly increase the absorption efficiency of visible light and the near infrared band light of the very low long-wave band of conventional solar cell absorption efficiency.
When 3, this technology can increase light absorption, reduce the thickness of solar cell photovoltaic material, further reduce the solar cell power generation cost.
The advantages such as 4, this synergy unit has preparation method's variation, and cost is low, and synergistic effect is obvious, and be applicable to various solar cells, can obtain economic benefit preferably.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 long-range plasma excimer waveguide array synergy unit structural representation.
Fig. 2 metal waveguide array stimulating plasmon schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 software simulation metallic plasma waveguide array ambient light field distribution schematic diagram
Cross-sectional structure schematic diagram when Fig. 4 synergy unit is applied to DSSC.
The long-range plasma excimer waveguide array synergy unit that is used for solar cell proposed by the invention is mainly the structure of having improved the solar energy back electrode, produce a series of long-range plasma excimer waveguide array on back electrode, this array makes its metal surface produce plasmon, strengthen waveguide array distribution of light intensity on every side, increase solar cell to the incident Optical Absorption.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, technical scheme of the present invention is further described.
A kind of long-range plasma excimer waveguide array synergy unit proposed by the invention as shown in Figure 1.Consisting of long-range plasma excimer waveguide array synergy unit is made of following part: long-range plasma excimer waveguide array 1, diffraction grating 2, transparent conductive film 3, glass substrate 4, photovoltaic material 5 consist of.Long-range plasma excimer waveguide array 1 and diffraction grating 2 are the metal or metal alloy material, and transparent conductive film 3 is the conductive oxide film materials such as tin indium oxide (ITO) or fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO), and thickness is below 1 micron.For DSSC, photovoltaic material 5 is redox electrolytes matter, for other solar cells, photovoltaic material 5 is corresponding semi-conducting material according to different solar cells, as materials such as crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, Copper Indium Gallium Selenide, copper indium diselenide, cadmium telluride, GaAs, gallium aluminium arsenic, gallium indium phosphorus germanium.
Involved in the present invention to main innovate point be: designed the waveguide array 1 that can produce long-range transmission plasmon in the solar cell synergistic unit.in order to have encouraged metal surface plasma body excimer, also designed diffraction grating 2 in synergy unit, this structure produces to incident optical energy the effect that localization strengthens, specific implementation is as follows: according to plasma theory, sunlight first produces various level other diffraction lights (as Fig. 2) by the effect of diffraction grating, and these diffraction lights can be the surface plasma excimer of excitation long-range transmission the additional wave vector are provided, when the free space wave vector equals respective surfaces plasmon wave vector with the wave vector sum of adding, metal surface plasma body excimer can be excited, in waveguide array surface generation, Light Energy is converted into the plasmon pattern, namely produce a light distribution (as Fig. 2) on the metal waveguide array.Utilize software simulation, can form as shown in Figure 3 optical field distribution (lines of field intensity distribute more intensive position field intensity larger), its ambient light field intensity can reach incident light
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Doubly, effective range is tens microns.When the solar cell photovoltaic material is within this effective range, can absorb the Light Energy that the metal surface excites, not affect battery side to light photovoltaic material to increasing the purpose of solar cell photoelectric conversion efficiency in the normal situation about absorbing of incident light thereby reach.
Below in conjunction with dye solar cell (as Fig. 4), the present invention program is done a detailed description, but protection scope of the present invention is infinitely in following embodiment.
Embodiment 1: at first preparation tool long-range plasma excimer waveguide array synergy unit cleans polishing to the surface of glass substrate, make its surface smoothness at least less than 1nm, then adopt a kind of tin indium oxide (ITO) thin layer of preparing in magnetron sputtering deposition, vacuum evaporation deposition, colloidal sol-gel method, the auxiliary vapour deposition process of electrostatic spray and intense pulsed ion beam method on glass substrate, require evenness to be not less than 2nm.Ito glass is cleaned again dry up, then at its surperficial spin coating one deck positive photoresist ZPU450, adopt the mask plate that matches with metal waveguide array and diffraction grating structure to carry out mask exposure.Then utilize developer solution to develop, after developing the ITO surface can occur one with metal waveguide array and diffraction grating structure opposite photoetching offset plate figure just in time.Adopt hot vapour deposition method at ITO plated surface layer of gold film, thickness is 20-40nm.Then utilize and peel off organic solution the metallic film on photoresist and photoresist upper strata is removed.Can complete the making of metal waveguide array and diffraction grating structure like this, at last, apply the preparation that electrolyte that one deck contains redox couple can be completed long-range plasma excimer waveguide array synergy unit on ready-made metal waveguide array and diffraction grating structure.
Embodiment 2: the conventional preparation technology's sol-gal process of preparation dye-sensitized solar cell anode utilization, hydrothermal synthesis method, electrophoretic deposition, magnetron sputtering method etc. are prepared smooth anode of the presently claimed invention (as Fig. 4).At first prepare transparent conductive film 7 on glass substrate 6, the electric conducting material that requires transparent conductive film is tin indium oxide (ITO), and thickness is 30-90nm.
Semiconductor film is porous nano film 8, and material is ZnO, and the diameter in hole is 20-90nm.Then at peninsula body film surface-coated one deck dye sensitizing agent 9.Dye sensitizing agent is Bipyridine metal complexes series, phthalocyanine is serial, porphyrin is serial, a kind of in pure organic dyestuff series, preferentially adopts Bipyridine metal complexes N719.
Embodiment 3: the preparation solar cell is combined above-mentioned long-range plasma excimer waveguide array synergy unit with dye-sensitized solar cell anode, the one side that requires the light anode to have dye sensitizing agent has electrolytical one side with synergy unit and combines, encapsulation firmly can be completed the preparation of dye solar cell.
Claims (4)
1. long-range plasma excimer waveguide array synergy unit that is used for solar cell, it is characterized in that, this synergy unit is made of long-range plasma excimer waveguide array (1), diffraction grating (2), transparent conductive film (3), glass substrate (4), photovoltaic material (5); Transparent conductive film (3) is set on glass substrate (4), being in same plane in length and breadth on transparent conductive film (3), arranged distribution has waveguide array (1), between two waveguide arrays (1) of longitudinal arrangement, diffraction grating (2) is set, the concrete number of grating is not limit, waveguide array (1) is the 20-40 nanometer with diffraction grating (2) thickness, in waveguide array (1), any waveguide is all the rectangular film structure, and length and width are not limit; Incident light is through photovoltaic material (5), on waveguide array (1) surface, and the distribution of light intensity on waveguide array surface significantly strengthened by local, significantly improves photovoltaic material to the absorption efficiency of incident sunlight, and then improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cell.
2. the long-range plasma excimer waveguide array synergy unit for solar cell as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that preparing long-range plasma excimer waveguide array (1) and diffraction grating (2) metal material used is gold, silver, copper, nickel, zinc, platinum, or above material alloy separately, or different metal composite material.
3. the long-range plasma excimer waveguide array synergy unit for solar cell as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, when this synergy unit basis was applied to different solar cell, photovoltaic material (5) was different concrete materials according to being applied to different solar cells; Be applied to DSSC, photovoltaic material (5) is the redox electrolytes material; Be applied to other solar cells, photovoltaic material (5) is semi-conducting material.
4. the long-range plasma excimer waveguide array synergy unit for solar cell as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, transparent conductive film (3) material is tin indium oxide ITO or fluorine doped tin oxide FTO transparent conductive film material, and thickness is the 30-90 nanometer.
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| WO2013069249A1 (en) * | 2011-11-08 | 2013-05-16 | パナソニック株式会社 | Light-receiving device comprising light acquisition sheet |
| CN102651421B (en) * | 2012-05-04 | 2015-01-21 | 中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所 | Spectrum selective photoelectric detector and preparation method thereof |
| CN102903790A (en) * | 2012-08-28 | 2013-01-30 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | Multilayer metal nanometer particle structure of semiconductor solar battery surface and preparation method |
| CN104779306B (en) * | 2015-04-21 | 2017-02-01 | 南京航空航天大学 | Solar cell grid with umbrella-shaped plug sub-wavelength anti-reflective structure |
| CN105866868B (en) * | 2016-04-09 | 2019-01-01 | 南昌航空大学 | A kind of multiple tooth grating trapper of broadband micro-nano two dimension |
| CN105742379B (en) * | 2016-04-18 | 2017-06-30 | 浙江贝盛新能源开发有限公司 | A kind of crystal silicon solar energy battery and preparation method thereof |
| CN105870252B (en) * | 2016-04-18 | 2017-12-22 | 浙江贝盛新能源开发有限公司 | A kind of crystal silicon solar energy battery of high-absorbility and preparation method thereof |
| CN107732017B (en) * | 2017-10-10 | 2019-08-13 | 北京大学 | A kind of phasmon structured substrate and its preparation and application |
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| US8238702B2 (en) * | 2008-06-05 | 2012-08-07 | Colorado School Of Mines | Hybrid dielectric/surface plasmon polariton waveguide with grating coupling |
| CN202094161U (en) * | 2011-03-23 | 2011-12-28 | 东南大学 | Long-range plasma excimer waveguide array synergy unit for solar cell |
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| WO2002025336B1 (en) * | 2000-09-21 | 2003-04-03 | Ut Battelle Llc | Transverse-longitudinal integrated resonator |
| CN101740722A (en) * | 2009-12-25 | 2010-06-16 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | Almost perfect absorbing structure for wide wave band |
| CN101866961A (en) * | 2010-06-09 | 2010-10-20 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Light trapping structure for thin film silicon/crystalline silicon heterojunction solar battery |
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