CN102183544A - Thermal-property transient measurement method and device - Google Patents
Thermal-property transient measurement method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN102183544A CN102183544A CN 201010590586 CN201010590586A CN102183544A CN 102183544 A CN102183544 A CN 102183544A CN 201010590586 CN201010590586 CN 201010590586 CN 201010590586 A CN201010590586 A CN 201010590586A CN 102183544 A CN102183544 A CN 102183544A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a thermal-property transient measurement method and device, which are used for automatically measuring thermal conductivity, thermal diffusion coefficient, specific heat at constant pressure and density of a material and are also used for analysing the regular pattern of the thermal property of the material near the room temperature along the change of the temperature. The method comprises the following steps of: placing a cylindrical hot needle in a uniform and infinite medium; and continuously heating the medium by a constant thermal flow through the hot needle to form a one-dimensional cylindrical heat-transferring model in the radical direction. The measurement device comprises a direct-current stable-current power supply, the hot needle, a temperature signal collecting module, a signal processor, a memory and a display. A column body of the hot needle is made of carbon fibre and is composed of a core column and a sleeve pipe; the electric heating element is wounded on the core column through a double-head manganin lacquered wire and the double-head manganin lacquered wire is formed by doubling and winding one manganin lacquered wire along the central point; and an thermoelectric couple is formed by welding one copper wire and one konstantan wire in the thermoelectric couple grade.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of measuring technique, be specifically related to a kind of hot rerum natura transient measurement method and device, be used for measuring automatically thermal conductivity, thermal diffusion coefficient, specific heat at constant pressure and the density of material; Analyze near the temperature variant rule of the hot rerum natura of material of room temperature.
Background technology
The hot rerum natura of material refers to thermal conductivity, thermal diffusion coefficient, specific heat at constant pressure and the density of material.So-called transient state is measured automatically, is in the process of heat temperature raising, finishes work such as automatic measurement, record, deal with data fast.
At home, outward, the 1970s and 1980s in last century, about hot rerum natura instantaneous measurement Study on Technology, a climax was once appearring once.The numerous well-known scholars in home and abroad have made extensive work, have obtained very great achievement.At that time, measuring methods such as impulse method, constant flow method, heat-pole method had been studied.Wherein, these two kinds of transient measurement methods of impulse method and constant flow method, owing to be subjected to placing restrictions on of technical merit at that time, and many condition effect, the home and abroad scholar fails to achieve one's goal and makes actual adaptable surveying instrument.Thereby once Ban Bu corresponding ministerial standard was also thrown aside at present.In long period, in fact this problem is not resolved.Up to the beginning of this century, just to succeed based on the impulse method of the big heat transfer model of one dimension semiinfinite, the instantaneous measurement instrument of constant flow method, quilt is named is the hot rerum natura transient state of SHT-20 automatic measuring instrument.By contrast, though heat-pole method has national standard and instrument supply the market.But heat-pole method still fails to break through the category of steady state measurement, and it also is not a transient measurement method truly, need to be improved and enhanced.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention provides a kind of brand-new hot rerum natura transient state method for automatic measurement and device (hot rerum natura transient measurement method of pin type and device), measures thermal conductivity, thermal diffusion coefficient, specific heat at constant pressure and the density of material fast; Analyze near the temperature variant rule of the hot rerum natura of material of room temperature.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of hot rerum natura transient measurement method based in even, infinitely great medium, is placed a cylindric hot pin, continues heating by hot pin to medium with constant heat flux, forms one dimension face of cylinder heat transfer model radially, and this heat transfer model is characterized by following formula:
In the formula:
t
0(s) for adding the initial moment of thermal measurement.
T (r, t) (℃) for the hot pin of distance axis in the medium is the r distant place, t temperature constantly;
T (r, t
0) (℃) for the hot pin of distance axis in the medium is the r distant place, add the temperature in the initial moment of thermal measurement;
The quality of the certain detected materials of m (kg) expression;
V (m
3) represent the volume of this certain detected materials;
c
pThe specific heat at constant pressure of J/ (kgk) expression detected materials;
The thermal conductivity of λ W/ (mk) expression detected materials;
Effective heated length of the hot pin of l (m) expression;
W=I
2The heating power of the hot pin of R (W) expression;
I (A) is by the strength of current of the heating current of hot pin;
The resistance of the hot pin heater of R (Ω);
The above-mentioned pulse cracking of separating problem surely is
When continuing heating with constant heat flux, i.e. in the time from τ=0 to τ, r place in the test specimen, the temperature rise that the τ time is interior, an integration of available above-mentioned pulse cracking obtains.This integration can be expressed as a straight line equation approx
In the formula: slope
Intercept
Here, C
*=1.78115, be integration constant.
Calculate the thermal conductivity and the thermal diffusion coefficient of material:
With measuring in heat time heating time, obtain temperature-time logarithm ordered series of numbers T (r
0, t)～and lnt, make linear fit with young waiter in a wineshop or an inn's rule, calculate the k of the 1st sample, D then has
Thermal conductivity
Thermal diffusion coefficient
With corresponding medial temperature
From i=1, choose j sample in succession.Repeat aforementioned calculation, make up database [λ
j, a
j, T
j].Then, do conic fitting, draw the experimental formula of calculating thermal conductivity and thermal diffusion coefficient with young waiter in a wineshop or an inn's rule
λ(T)＝η
0+η
1T+η
2T
2 [T
1，T
2] (8)
a(T)＝ζ
0+ζ
1T+ζ
2T
2 [T
1，T
2] (9)
Calculate the thermal conductivity and the thermal diffusion coefficient λ of match intermediate value temperature correspondence, a;
Bulk density and specific heat at constant pressure
Density
Specific heat at constant pressure
Device based on above-mentioned hot rerum natura transient measurement method, comprise dc current stabilized power supply, hot pin, temperature signal collection module, signal processor, storer, display, described hot pin is cylindric, makes with insulating material, and post contains thermocouple and electrical heating elements; Described storer prestores the computation model of thermal physical property parameter, and described dc current stabilized power supply is powered to temperature collect module.Thermocouple output temperature signal, temperature collect module converts this temperature signal to digital signal, sends into signal processor, and signal processor is handled according to the computation model of thermal physical property parameter, and result is shown by display.
The cylinder of described hot pin is made with carbon fiber, is made of stem stem and sleeve combination, and on stem stem, this double end copper-manganese enameled wire is to form along mid point doubling coiling with a copper-manganese enameled wire to described electrical heating elements with double end copper-manganese enameled wire.Described thermocouple connects with the copper cash of thermocouple level and each root bead of constantan line and forms.
The efficient heat generation length of described hot pin is more than or equal to 40 times of hot pin overall diameters, i.e. l 〉=40d.
Described dc current stabilized power supply output DC stream is accurate adjustable between 0.01-1.0004; In the time of thermal measurement, the fluctuating range of heating current: Δ I≤± 0.001A.
The temperature resolution of described temperature collect module: Δ T≤0.1k; Sample frequency: adjustable continuously between the 0.5-1Hz.
Technique effect of the present invention:
The one dimension face of cylinder heat transfer model that the present invention sets up truly, is accurately described out the heat conducting objective law of medium, has realized by steady state measurement being the instantaneous measurement of real meaning to the instantaneous measurement transition; The measurement mechanism instantaneous measurement takes extremely short, less than 200 seconds, and little interference by environment, the factor that influence is measured is revised easily, the measurement accuracy height, relative error is about 1%.And can measure thermal diffusion coefficient, thermal conductivity, specific heat at constant pressure, density.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structured flowchart of this measurement mechanism;
Fig. 2 is the hot pin outer tube structure synoptic diagram of this measurement mechanism;
Fig. 3 is the hot pin inner tube structure synoptic diagram of this measurement mechanism.
Embodiment
Ultimate principle of the present invention is based in even, the infinitely great medium, places a hot pin, continues heating by hot pin to medium with constant heat flux, forms one dimension garden cylinder heat transfer model radially, and this heat transfer model is characterized by following formula:
(1)
In the formula:
t
0(s) for adding the initial moment of thermal measurement.
T (r, t) (℃) for the hot pin of distance axis in the medium is the r distant place, t temperature constantly;
T (r, t
0) (℃) for the hot pin of distance axis in the medium is the r distant place, add the temperature in the initial moment of thermal measurement;
The quality of the certain detected materials of m (kg) expression;
V (m
3) represent the volume of this certain detected materials;
c
pThe specific heat at constant pressure of J/ (kgk) expression detected materials;
The thermal conductivity of λ W/ (mk) expression detected materials;
Effective heated length of the hot pin of l (m) expression;
W=I
2The heating power of the hot pin of R (W) expression;
I (A) is by the strength of current of the heating current of hot pin;
The resistance of the hot pin heater of R (Ω);
The above-mentioned pulse cracking of separating problem surely is
When continuing heating with constant heat flux, i.e. in the time from τ=0 to τ, r place in the test specimen, the temperature rise that the τ time is interior, an integration of available above-mentioned pulse cracking obtains.This integration can be expressed as a straight line equation approx
In the formula: slope
Intercept
Here, C
*=1.78115, be integration constant.
Calculate the thermal conductivity and the thermal diffusion coefficient of material:
With measuring in heat time heating time, obtain temperature-time logarithm ordered series of numbers T (r
0, t)～and lnt, make linear fit with young waiter in a wineshop or an inn's rule, calculate the k of i sample, D then has
Thermal conductivity
Thermal diffusion coefficient
With corresponding medial temperature
From i=1, choose j sample in succession.Repeat aforementioned calculation, make up database [λ
j, a
j, T
j].Then, do conic fitting, draw the experimental formula of calculating thermal conductivity and thermal diffusion coefficient with young waiter in a wineshop or an inn's rule
λ(T)＝η
0+η
1T+η
2T
2 [T
1，T
2] (8)
a(T)＝ζ
0+ζ
1T+ζ
2T
2 [T
1，T
2] (9)
Calculate the thermal conductivity and the thermal diffusion coefficient λ of match intermediate value temperature correspondence, a;
Bulk density and specific heat at constant pressure
Density
Specific heat at constant pressure
Referring to Fig. 1: this device is made up of dc current stabilized power supply A, hot pin B, temperature signal collection module C, signal processor D, storer F, display E.Wherein:
Dc current stabilized power supply A: input: 220V, 50Hz civil power; Output: DC current, accurate adjustable between 0.01-1.000A; In the time of thermal measurement, the fluctuating range of heating current: Δ I≤± 0.001A.
Temperature signal collection module C: temperature resolution: Δ T≤0.1k; Sample frequency: adjustable continuously between the 0.5-1Hz.
Manufacture and design hot pin B, this hot pin B is a heating element, is again temperature element.
Basic demand to hot pin B: firm; Wear-resisting wiping; Except that the termination, uniformity of temperature profile in the longitudinal direction; When temperature raise, the resistance variations of heater element was minimum; The material thermal conductivity is good etc.Structure can consider to use the coaxial sleeve structure.Interior pipe is gone up around sufficiently long heating wire, the outer tube uniform temperature; Outer tube outer surface device temperature element is measured the temperature variation of hot pin and detected materials thermal interface.The control length-diameter ratio allows the efficient heat generation length of hot pin more than or equal to 40 times of hot pin overall diameters, and promptly l 〉=40d generally can satisfy one dimension face of cylinder heat transfer model.If measure temperature with thermocouple, point for measuring temperature should be arranged on the mid point of hot pin efficient heat generation length; Make the tinsel that thermocouple is used, diameter is selected 0.05mm for use.
Through experimental study, this hot pin employing heat conduction carbon fiber pipe good, lightweight is made host material, and manganese-copper filament is made exothermic material, and special-purpose copper constantan thermocouple is used for the hot pin of measuring distance axis r t temperature variation constantly at a distance.And press structural formula
Interior pipe: Φ 2.5 (1) * 211 (4+180+27)+Φ 0.12 * 930[884+2 * 23] mm; The carbon fiber rod of the also available φ 25mm of pipe in being somebody's turn to do; Outer tube: [Φ 4 (0.5) * 186 (180+6)+Φ cu0.05 * 135+cusn0.05 * 135] compound composition of mm.
The hot pin of making like this, except that self measuring error that causes of heat absorption that can revise, the measuring error that all the other factors cause is less than 0.2%.
The meaning of outer tube structure formula: with 4 millimeters of external diameters, wall thickness 0.5 milli, long 186 millimeters carbon fiber pipe is made outer tube.In the longitudinal direction, 180 length are used to cover the manganese-copper filament winding, and 6 millimeters are used for fixing hot pin; Aft section is represented 0.05 millimeter of diameter of temperature element, the thermocouple that long 135 millimeters copper cash and constantan line are formed, and mean that point for measuring temperature is positioned at the midpoint of outer tube outer surface.
The meaning of inner tube structure formula: with 2.5 millimeters of external diameters, 1 millimeter of wall thickness, pipe in long 211 millimeters carbon fiber pipe is done.In the longitudinal direction, 4 millimeters of front ends are used to out locating groove; Middle 180 millimeters are used for around manganese-copper filament; 27 millimeters of the other ends, fixedly connected.Aft section represents, with 0.12 millimeter of diameter, long 930 millimeters manganese-copper filament, wherein, 884 millimeters around the zone of 180 millimeters long, and as heater element, all the other 46 millimeters conducts pick out lead-in wire.
Concrete method for making such as Fig. 2, shown in Figure 3: get 2.5 millimeters of external diameters, 1 millimeter of wall thickness, one of long 211 millimeters carbon fiber pipe.One end is opened wide 1 millimeter in diametric(al), dark 4 millimeters ditch is as the usefulness around the manganese-copper filament location.Then, 0.12 millimeter in cut-off footpath, one of long 930 millimeters insulation enamel manganin, doubling is put into locating groove with mid point.By double helical form the two-wire of 442 millimeters long is evenly curled up on 180 millimeters carbon pipe fixingly, make heating element B-1.Wiring is drawn in 23 millimeters remaining conducts.Get 4 millimeters of external diameters, 0.5 millimeter of wall thickness, long 186 millimeters carbon pipes, the interior pipe that coiling is good screws in from the locating groove end, just all exposes up to locating groove.At this moment, coiling just is all covered.Then, stamen of getting the aviation connector takes out, and the manganese-copper filament extension line is connected on the pin binding post.Learn from else's experience again to demarcate and be 0.05 millimeter of the diameter of thermocouple level; each one on long 135 millimeters copper cash and constantan line longitudinally are arranged in outer tube-surface, and an end is drawn outer tube and is connected on the binding post; other end alignment; move the mid point of outer tube heating part to,, weld unnecessary removing; be bonded at outer tube outer surface; make thermocouple B-2, protective seam is coated on the surface, oven dry.Like this, just, made a hot pin.
Measuring process is as follows:
Write data processing software according to above-mentioned heat transfer model.
Be equipped with the transient state self-operated measuring unit, deposit data processing software in storer F; Hot pin B is connected with temperature signal collection module C.
Choose a certain amount of detected materials, measure its volume V, weigh quality m with physical balance.If measuring object raft material is as long as insert hot pin B.If material is limited, need to prepare a bulk containers.The volume of container should be Φ 200 * 184mm at least.Container is filled, and hot pin B inserts bucket central authorities.If detected materials is a massive material, then on material, punch or fluting, in hot pin B patchhole or groove.The diameter of hole or groove and hot pin diameter adapt, and make hot wire surface can be attached to hole wall or cell wall.
Heating current is set for different detected materials, the varying in size of heating current.In general, density is little, and heating current is suitable smaller.For example, heat-insulation material, heating current can be chosen as between 0.1～0.3A; The detected materials that density is big, electric current is suitable big.
After adding the thermal measurement current settings, connect heating current, measure.Temperature signal collection module C sends temperature signal into signal processor D, and signal processor D is according to the computation model treatment temperature signal that is pre-stored in the thermal physical property parameter among the storer F, and result is shown by display E.
Observe the demonstration of temperature time curve, the numeration of measurement data tabulation.After adding thermal measurement and beginning, when having 70 groups of numerations at least, can stop to measure.
More than be to measure the method that contains the hot rerum natura of wet stock.The variation of moisture percentage is bigger to the influence of measuring.The same material of different moisture percentages, the measured value under uniform temp does not have the property of comparison.The hot rerum natura of having only the over dry material, the measured value under same temperature is only consistent.
Measure the hot rerum natura of over dry material, before measuring, need to use electrically heated drying cabinet, detected materials is baked to constant weight repeatedly, be stored in the exsiccator.Treat cool but after, measure again.Only under the over dry condition, the hot rerum natura that measures just has the property compared comparatively accurately.
In order to try to achieve the temperature variant rule of the hot rerum natura of material, can get j=1,2,3, Λ Λ N calculates the [λ (T of N sample in succession
j), T
j] and [a (T
j), T
j].Make fitting of a polynomial with young waiter in a wineshop or an inn's rule, the experimental formula that can change with temperature in the hope of the hot rerum natura of material in the temperature range in plan.
Like this, use this device, realized one-shot measurement, obtain a plurality of hot physics coefficient of material simultaneously; And can also study near room temperature material thermophysical property temperature change in net.
This error in measure:
The category-A uncertainty of measuring is with the uncertainty of theory of errors estimation end product.Under equal state, the reproduction error of duplicate measurements is better than 2.0%.
The category-B uncertainty of measuring, according to theoretical analysis: hot pin self heat absorption can not be omitted the influence of measuring, and should be revised.The influence of other factors amounts to and is not more than 0.2%, can be not significant.
Claims (5)
1. a hot rerum natura transient measurement method is placed a cylindric hot pin based in even, infinitely great medium, continues heating by hot pin to medium with constant heat flux, forms one dimension face of cylinder heat transfer model radially, and this heat transfer model is characterized by following formula:
(1)
In the formula:
τ=t-t
0Temperature variation in time;
t
0(s) for adding the initial moment of thermal measurement;
T (r, t) (℃) for the hot pin of distance axis in the medium is the r distant place, t temperature constantly;
T (r, t
0) (℃) for the hot pin of distance axis in the medium is the r distant place, add the temperature in the initial moment of thermal measurement;
The quality of the certain detected materials of m (kg) expression;
V (m
3) represent the volume of this certain detected materials;
c
pThe specific heat at constant pressure of J/ (kgk) expression detected materials;
The thermal conductivity of λ W/ (mk) expression detected materials;
Effective heated length of the hot pin of l (m) expression;
W=I
2The heating power of the hot pin of R (W) expression;
I (A) is by the strength of current of the heating current of hot pin;
The resistance of the hot pin heater of R (Ω);
The above-mentioned pulse cracking of separating problem surely is
When continuing heating with constant heat flux, i.e. in the time from τ=0 to τ, r place in the test specimen, the temperature rise that the τ time is interior, an integration of available above-mentioned pulse cracking obtains; This integration can be expressed as a straight line equation approx
In the formula: slope
Intercept
Here, C
*=1.78115, be integration constant;
Calculate the thermal conductivity and the thermal diffusion coefficient of material:
With measuring in heat time heating time the temperature of acquisition-time logarithm ordered series of numbers T (r
0, t)～and lnt, make linear fit with young waiter in a wineshop or an inn's rule, calculate the k of the 1st sample, D then has
Thermal conductivity
Thermal diffusion coefficient
With corresponding medial temperature
From i=1, choose j sample in succession; Repeat aforementioned calculation, make up database [λ
j, a
j, T
j]; Then, do conic fitting, draw the experimental formula of calculating thermal conductivity and thermal diffusion coefficient with young waiter in a wineshop or an inn's rule
λ(T)＝η
0+η
1T+η
2T
2 [T
1，T
2] (8)
a(T)＝ζ
0+ζ
1T+ζ
2T
2 [T
1，T
2] (9)
Calculate the thermal conductivity and the thermal diffusion coefficient λ of match intermediate value temperature correspondence, a;
Bulk density and specific heat at constant pressure
Density
Specific heat at constant pressure
2. based on the device of the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that: comprise dc current stabilized power supply, hot pin, temperature signal collection module, signal processor, storer, display, described hot pin is cylindric, makes with insulating material, and post contains thermocouple and electrical heating elements; Described storer prestores the computation model of thermal physical property parameter, and described dc current stabilized power supply is powered to temperature collect module; Thermocouple output temperature signal, the temperature signal collection module converts this temperature signal to digital signal, sends into signal processor, and signal processor is handled according to the computation model of thermal physical property parameter, and result is shown by display.
3. device according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the cylinder of described hot pin is made with carbon fiber, constitute by stem stem and sleeve combination, on stem stem, this double end copper-manganese enameled wire is to form along mid point doubling coiling with a copper-manganese enameled wire to described electrical heating elements with double end copper-manganese enameled wire; Described thermocouple connects with the copper cash of thermocouple level and each root bead of constantan line and forms.
4. device according to claim 2 is characterized in that: described dc current stabilized power supply output DC stream is accurate adjustable between 0.01-1.000A; In the time of thermal measurement, the fluctuating range of heating current: Δ I≤± 0.001A.
5. device according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the temperature resolution of described temperature collect module: Δ T≤0.1k; Sample frequency: adjustable continuously between the 0.5-1Hz.
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| CN102608154A (en) * | 2012-02-14 | 2012-07-25 | 陈昭栋 | System for measuring thermal performance transiently by using pulsing method or constant current method |
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| CN103528978A (en) * | 2013-11-01 | 2014-01-22 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for measuring thermophysical parameters of translucent material with transient photothermal signals generated by heating pulse lasers |
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| CN103063701A (en) * | 2012-12-26 | 2013-04-24 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | Measurement apparatus for thermal conductivity of natural gas hydrate deposit |
| CN103528978A (en) * | 2013-11-01 | 2014-01-22 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for measuring thermophysical parameters of translucent material with transient photothermal signals generated by heating pulse lasers |
| CN103528978B (en) * | 2013-11-01 | 2016-04-20 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | The transient state Photothermal Signals utilizing pulsed laser heating to produce measures the method for trnaslucent materials thermal physical property parameter |
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| CN106199061B (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2019-07-26 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of device and method based on thermal pulse method measurement soil water flow velocity |
| CN109490356A (en) * | 2017-09-12 | 2019-03-19 | 爱斯佩克株式会社 | Thermal capacitance measuring device and thermal capacitance measuring method |
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| CN113030164A (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2021-06-25 | 湘潭大学 | Metal material thermal parameter comprehensive evaluation method based on induction heating |
| CN116007793A (en) * | 2022-11-17 | 2023-04-25 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Transient thermal dose measuring device and method based on mercury thermometer |
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