CN102183485B - Methane sensing device based on long-period fiber grating - Google Patents
Methane sensing device based on long-period fiber grating Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a methane sensing device based on a long-period fiber grating, which is composed of a broadband light source, a fiber sensor coated with polymer sensitive membrane, a testing air chamber, a switch valve, a mass flow controller, a spectrum analyzer and a computer. A front end of the fiber sensor coated with the polymer sensitive membrane is connected with the broadband light source while a rear end thereof is orderly connected with the spectrum analyzer and the computer, wherein the fiber sensor is the long-period fiber grating; the polymer sensitive membrane is a vinyl benzene-acrylonitrile resin methane sensitive membrane containing cage molecules E, and is coated on a cladding surface of the long-period fiber grating; when the methane gas to be tested interacts with the sensitive membrane on the cladding surface of the long-period fiber grating, a refractive index of the sensitive membrane is changed, resonance wavelength of the long-period fiber grating moves, and concentration of the methane gas can be tested by analyzing amount of movement of the resonance wavelength of the grating before and after the sensor contacts with the methane gas. The methane sensing device based on the long-period fiber grating has the characteristics of simple structure, high sensitivity, excellent selectivity and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of optical fiber sensing, be specifically related to a kind of LPFG methane sensing device that obtains methane concentration based on the sensitive membrane variations in refractive index.
Background technology
Methane is the mine gas principal ingredient, in air, very easily blasts, and is regarded as " the No.1 killer " of coal mining accident.Simultaneously, methane also is the principal ingredient of rock gas, biogas and various liquid fuel, is essential industry raw material and daily life combustion gas.Therefore, in time detect the concentration of methane gas, have vital role for Safety of Coal Mine Production and methane safe handling.
At present, being used for method that concentration of methane gas detects has multiplely, mainly comprises gas sensors such as semi-conductor type, catalytic combustion type, galvanochemistry type, optical type.Fibre Optical Sensor be a kind ofly have that electrical insulating property is good, anti-electromagnetic interference capability is strong, explosion-proof, can long-term at a distance on-line measurement, sensing unit is simple in structure, reliable and stable, be easy to form the optical type gas sensor of characteristics such as optical fiber sensing network, methane measurement of concetration under the suitable especially abominable and hazardous environment.
To this, (Analytica Chimica Acta, 2009,633:238 ~ 243 such as Suozhu Wu; Chinese Chemical Letters; 2009; 20:210 ~ 212) a kind of mode filtered light methane method for sensing based on cage type molecule A is proposed; Its sensing device mainly by the Fibre Optical Sensor of He-Ne laser diode light source (635nm), core diameter 300 μ m, (this silicones is polysiloxane to contain the silicones methane sensitive membrane of cage type molecule A; Its refractive index about 1.41), compositions such as charge-coupled device (CCD) and computing machine, sensor is applied the homogeneity of sensitive membrane to its methane sensing process and the stability that laser is incident to the fiber core angle has higher requirement.M. (Sensors and Actuators B such as Benounis; 2005; 107:32 ~ 39) a kind of optical fiber methane sensing scheme based on PCS plastic-clad silica fibre core (PCS) is proposed; Sensing device is that the PCS Fibre Optical Sensor of 400 μ m, the polysiloxane methane sensitive membrane that contains the cage type molecule, photodetector (320～1100nm silicon photoelectric diode) and the computing machine of thickness 5 μ m are formed by laser diode light source (670nm), sheath diameter mainly; Its methane detection limit only 2%, and PCS optical fiber exist the long-distance transmissions loss big, do not match with the common standard communication optical fiber, problems such as cost height, practical applications difficulty.Yang Jianchun etc. (ZL200710093035.4) propose a kind of optical fiber methane sensing system based on fiber core mismatch, and sensing device mainly is made up of LED source (1310nm), fiber core mismatch type Fibre Optical Sensor, the polysiloxane methane sensitive membrane that contains the cage type molecule, photodetector (700～1700nm light power meter) and computing machine; This sensor-based system adopts inexpensive standard communication optical fiber as sensing material; Replace above-mentioned expensive PCS optical fiber; Have characteristics such as loss is little, cost is low, easy to use; But the transducing signal of this method belongs to intensity modulated, is subject to factor affecting such as power supply, voltage, temperature and humidity during work.Simultaneously; The tetrahydrofuran solution that CN101183076A (a kind of method of detecting methane by thin film fluorescent) proposition will contain cage type molecule A, PVC, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers two dioctyl phthalates is spun on formation methane sensitive membrane on the piezoid; The detection signal of this sensor is a fluorescence intensity, does not relate to the sensitive membrane refractive index.
LPFG is the optical fibre device that a kind of novel photic fiber core refractive index changes, and its cycle, it has, and the loss of insertion was little, back-reflection is low, sensing characteristics good and manufacture craft is simple, low cost and other advantages much larger than the general optical fiber grating; And its transducing signal belongs to wavelength-modulated, can avoid the influence of light-intensity variation and fibre loss in the measuring process; LPFG refractive index sensitivity characteristic is very high, is particularly suitable for chemical sensitisation, the detection of poisonous and harmful substance in especially suitable inflammable, explosive, the strong electromagnetic interference environment.
For directly for LPFG that gas or liquid and other medium contact; Its resonance wavelength is 1.40～1.45 to the sensitizing range of medium refraction index; And respond (Patrick H J et al. hardly to being lower than 1.40 variations in refractive index; Journal of Lightwave Technology, 1998,16 (9): 1606 ~ 1612); And generally gas refracting index is approximately 1, so LPFG is difficult to directly be used for gas detection, this to a great extent limit its application aspect chemical detection.If apply the chemical-sensitive film that one deck has gas-sensitive property at the LPFG cladding surface; Then can break through limitation (the Nicholas D R et al. that LPFG is used for gas detection; Optics Letters, 2002,27 (9): 686 ~ 688).And for the detection of methane gas; Form methane transducer if directly the above-mentioned polysiloxane methane sensitive membrane that contains the cage type molecule is coated on the LPFG cladding surface; Then, can't realize detection to concentration of methane gas to the poor sensitivity of methane gas.
To this, Xu Yan equality (Shanghai University of Science and Technology's journal, 2005,27 (3): 215 ~ 218) adopt coupled mode theory to set up the theoretical model of LPFG thin film sensor, analyze its sensor mechanism, the quick experiment of the promoting the circulation of qi of going forward side by side; When showing sensitive membrane refractive index 1.57, thickness 500nm, transducer sensitivity is best, and verifies with the LPFG ethanol steam sensing experiment of sol-gel process coating tin dioxide thin film.(Maritime Affairs University Of Dalian's journal such as Peng Yong; 2007; 33 (2): 27 ~ 31) adopt sol-gel process that refractive index is coated on the LPFG cladding surface greater than the silicon dioxide-tungstic acid laminated film of cladding index, when sensitive membrane refractive index 1.67, thickness 278nm, the Resonant Wavelengths of Long Period Fiber Gratings rate of change is maximum; Sensitivity is the highest, and has carried out LPFG nitric oxide gas sensing experiment.(APOC ' 05, Shanghai, 2005 such as Zhi Wang; 6019-48) proposition polymkeric substance sensitive membrane refractive index is 1.40 ~ 1.45 LPFG gas sensor, but it need reduce the grating cladding diameter with hydrofluorite corrosion optical fiber, to improve transducer sensitivity; Yet the grating cladding diameter after the corrosion is less; The practical application difficulty, and only carried out theoretical analysis, do not carry out the gas sensing experiment.Therefore, when setting up a kind of covering uncorroded LPFG methane method for sensing and device, if methane sensitive membrane thickness is about 500nm, then suitable sensitive membrane refractive index is about 1.57, and the methane transducer of this moment just has higher sensitivity.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiency of prior art; Giving full play to the polymeric material styrene-acrylonitrile resin (is styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer; Styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer) high, the styrene-acrylonitrile resin sensitive membrane that contains cage type molecule E of refractive index is to characteristics such as the wavelength-modulated of methane gas high selectivity, LPFG and refractive index sensitivities; A kind of methane sensing device based on LPFG is proposed; This sensing process is as the methane sensitive material with the styrene-acrylonitrile resin sensitive membrane that contains cage type molecule E; And be coated on LPFG cladding surface formation methane transducer, can realize methane gas high sensitivity, highly selective are detected.
For realizing the foregoing invention purpose, the technical scheme that the present invention taked is following:
A kind of methane sensing device based on LPFG, it comprises wideband light source, scribbles the Fibre Optical Sensor of polymkeric substance sensitive membrane, test air chamber, controlled valve, mass flow controller, spectroanalysis instrument and computing machine constitute.The said Fibre Optical Sensor front end that scribbles the polymkeric substance sensitive membrane connects wideband light source, and the rear end connects spectroanalysis instrument and computing machine successively; Fibre Optical Sensor is positioned at the test air chamber, and the test air chamber has air intake opening and the gas outlet that feeds methane gas to be measured, and air intake opening connects the mass flow controller of control methane gas to be measured through controlled valve.Said Fibre Optical Sensor adopts LPFG, and the polymkeric substance sensitive membrane is coated on the LPFG cladding surface.The said styrene-acrylonitrile resin methane sensitive membrane that contains cage type molecule E is that cage type molecule E is dissolved in methylene chloride earlier, in this mixed solution, adds styrene-acrylonitrile resin then, mixes and gets.Said reagent dosage is respectively cage type molecule E150 μ mol, methylene chloride 15mL, styrene-acrylonitrile resin 1g.
The course of work of this sensing device is following:
Resonant Wavelengths of Long Period Fiber Gratings
is provided by following formula:
Wherein,
is fibre core basic mode effective refractive index;
is m rank cladding mode effective refractive index, and Λ is the LPFG cycle.
When the variable concentrations methane gas contacts with the styrene-acrylonitrile resin methane sensitive membrane that contains cage type molecule E that is coated on the LPFG cladding surface; Changing appears in methane sensitive membrane refractive index, and the sensitive membrane change of refractive will cause the cladding mode effective refractive index
Variation, and then fibre core basic mode and cladding mode effective refractive index difference are changed; Because the grating cycle
Be definite value, Resonant Wavelengths of Long Period Fiber Gratings in the following formula
Also will change; Through grating resonance wavelength before and after the analyte sensors contacting methane gas
Amount of movement
, set up concentration of methane gas
cWith grating resonance wavelength amount of movement
Between relation; Grating resonance wavelength amount of movement before and after detecting sensor contacts with methane gas to be measured
, can obtain concentration of methane gas to be measured.
Said LPFG is made through the amplitude mask method by healthy and free from worry SMF-28 single-mode fiber, and its parameter is grating cycles 400 ~ 520 μ m, grating length 10 ~ 40mm, transmission loss 20 ~ 40dB, resonance wavelength initial value 1520 ~ 1580nm.
The said styrene-acrylonitrile resin methane sensitive membrane that contains cage type molecule E is the high index of refraction sensitive material, and its refractive index is 1.57.
Said polymkeric substance sensitive membrane is that (wherein cage type molecule E's synthesizes and document M. Benounis et al. the styrene-acrylonitrile resin methane sensitive membrane that contains cage type molecule E; Sensors and Actuators B; 2005,107:32 ~ 39 are identical), this sensitive membrane only has response to methane gas; Non-methane class gases such as oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfuretted hydrogen are not almost had response, show good selectivity.
Said wideband light source adopts the DL-CS5014A superradiance wideband light source SLD of centre wavelength 1550nm, bandwidth 40nm.
Said spectroanalysis instrument is the Agilent 86140B spectroanalysis instrument of 600～1700nm wavelength coverage.
Said Resonant Wavelengths of Long Period Fiber Gratings amount of movement
is grating resonance wavelength and the aerial grating resonance wavelength of sensor poor behind the sensor contacting methane gas.
Advantage of the present invention is following:
1. adopt at the LPFG cladding surface methane is had the styrene-acrylonitrile resin methane sensitive membrane that contains cage type molecule E of high selectivity; And the styrene-acrylonitrile resin that utilizes high index of refraction mixes formation methane sensitive membrane, the sensitivity that can improve sensor as matrix and with cage type molecule E; Sensitive membrane is still provided by cage type molecule E the high selectivity of methane gas, the suitable especially LPFG gas sensor of the sensitive membrane of this high index of refraction.Based on the methane transducer of this formation, show highly sensitive, selectivity good, characteristics such as simple in structure.
2. the LPFG transducing signal belongs to wavelength-modulated, the light signal fluctuation that can avoid factors such as power supply in the measuring process, voltage, temperature and humidity to cause; And its refractive index sensitivity characteristic is very high, is particularly suitable for chemical sensitisation, the detection of poisonous and harmful substance in especially suitable inflammable, explosive, the strong electromagnetic interference environment.
High index of refraction through styrene-acrylonitrile resin, contain the hypersensitivity of the styrene-acrylonitrile resin sensitive membrane of cage type molecule E to the wavelength-modulated and the refractive index of methane gas high selectivity, LPFG; And the combination of the thickness 500～600nm of submicron order, make that transducer sensitivity is high, response speed is fast, detection limit is low.
4. sensor-based system only relates to light signal, and essential safety can be worked under abominable or hazardous environment reliably; Through optical fiber sensing network, can realize multi-functional, the intelligent detection, significantly reduce the through engineering approaches application cost.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the methane sensing device structural representation that the present invention is based on LPFG;
Fig. 2 is a LPFG methane transducer structural representation among Fig. 1.
Embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1, the LPFG methane transducer 2 that the present invention will contain the styrene-acrylonitrile resin sensitive membrane of cage type molecule E is assembled in the sensing device test air chamber 3 and sealing.Adopt superradiance wideband light source SLD1 to be connected to the input end of LPFG methane transducer 2 through optical fiber F1; Output terminal connects Agilent 86140B spectroanalysis instrument 4 through optical fiber F2, and this spectroanalysis instrument 4 joins through gpib interface connecting line 5 and computing machine 6.Test air chamber 3 has the air intake opening 7 and gas outlet 8 of feeding pass-out methane gas 11 to be measured respectively, and air intake opening 7 is connected through the mass flow controller 10 of controlled valve 9 with control methane gas 11 to be measured.
Referring to Fig. 2, LPFG methane transducer structure includes fibre cladding 21, fiber core 22, LPFG 23 and contains the styrene-acrylonitrile resin methane sensitive membrane 24 of cage type molecule E.The LPFG zone length does
L, the cycle is Λ.LPFG adopts healthy and free from worry SMF-28 single-mode fiber, is made by the amplitude mask method, and its parameter is grating cycles 400 ~ 520 μ m, grating length 10 ~ 40mm, transmission loss 20 ~ 40dB, resonance wavelength initial value 1520 ~ 1580nm; The styrene-acrylonitrile resin methane sensitive membrane that adopts dip-coating method will contain cage type molecule E is coated on the LPFG cladding surface; About healthy and free from worry SMF-28 single-mode fiber core diameter 9 μ m, cladding diameter 125 μ m.
The process for preparing the styrene-acrylonitrile resin methane sensitive membrane that contains cage type molecule E at the LPFG cladding surface is following:
(1) adopts distilled water, absolute ethyl alcohol, acetone etc. that the LPFG cladding surface is cleaned respectively successively, put into 60 ℃ of dry 20min of vacuum drying chamber after the cleaning.
(2) take by weighing 150 μ mol cage type molecule E, it is dissolved in the 15mL methylene chloride, in this mixed solution, add the 1g styrene-acrylonitrile resin then, mix.
The styrene-acrylonitrile resin that (3) will contain cage type molecule E with dip-coating method slowly is coated to the fiber grating cladding surface, be coated be covered with film fiber grating with slow extraction, pull rate 10cm/min.
The fiber grating that (4) will apply sensitive membrane is put into vacuum drying chamber, and 60 ℃ ~ 70 ℃ are incubated 2 hours, obtain the sensitive membrane of good uniformity; Through repeatedly applying, making sensitive membrane thickness is 500 ~ 600nm.
When methane gas to be measured gets into and has an effect with the methane sensitive membrane of LPFG cladding surface through mass flow controller, test air inlet of air chamber, change the sensitive membrane refractive index; And the sensitive membrane change of refractive will directly change grating resonance wavelength.Adopt spectroanalysis instrument to detect the situation of movement of grating resonance wavelength; The amount of movement
of grating resonance wavelength can obtain concentration of methane gas to be measured before and after contacting with methane gas through analyte sensors.
Experimental example 1: the LPFG cladding surface at grating cycles 400 μ m, periodicity 50, grating length 20mm, transmission loss 33.6dB, resonance wavelength initial value 1559.54nm applies the styrene-acrylonitrile resin methane sensitive membrane that contains cage type molecule E.With methane concentration is that the gas calibrating gas of 0 ~ 3.5% (v/v) is an object, has an effect with the sensitive membrane of grating cladding surface respectively, and grating resonance wavelength increases with concentration of methane gas and moves to long wavelength's direction, and the resonance wavelength amount of movement
With methane concentration
cBetween be linear dependence, its equation of linear regression is:
In the formula
cBe concentration of methane gas to be measured,
Be the Resonant Wavelengths of Long Period Fiber Gratings amount of movement,
kBe slope,
bBe intercept.
Adopting known methane concentration in the experiment is that the gas calibrating gas of 0,0.5,1.0,1.5,1.7,2.5,3.5% (v/v) detects corresponding grating resonance wavelength amount of movement
Be respectively 0,0.95,1.35,1.65,1.88,2.43,2.92nm, its equation of linear regression is:
=0.7853
c+ 0.3968, coefficient R
2=0.9470, promptly in the equation of linear regression
k,
bBe respectively 0.7853,0.3968.
When methane gas to be measured with after the sensitive membrane of grating cladding surface contacts, grating resonance wavelength amount of movement
Be 1.42nm, can calculate concentration of methane gas to be measured
c=1.3%, its response speed is 41 seconds, and be 67 seconds release time.
Experimental example 2: the LPFG methane transducer that adopts grating cycles 440 μ m, periodicity 45, grating length 19.8mm, transmission loss 29.8dB, resonance wavelength initial value 1560.10nm in the experiment; And be that the gas calibrating gas of 0,0.5,1.0,1.5,1.7,2.5,3.5% (v/v) detects with known methane concentration; Corresponding grating resonance wavelength increases with concentration of methane gas and moves its grating resonance wavelength amount of movement to long wavelength's direction
Be respectively 0,0.99,1.39,1.70,1.92,2.48,2.98nm, equation of linear regression is:
=0.7981
c+ 0.4171, coefficient R
2=0.9442, promptly in the equation of linear regression
k,
bBe respectively 0.7981,0.4171.
When methane gas to be measured with after the sensitive membrane of grating cladding surface contacts, grating resonance wavelength amount of movement
Be 2.57nm, can calculate concentration of methane gas to be measured
c=2.7%, its response speed is 43 seconds, and be 69 seconds release time.
Experimental example 3: the LPFG methane transducer that adopts grating cycles 480 μ m, periodicity 40, grating length 19.2mm, transmission loss 23dB, resonance wavelength initial value 1546.20nm in the experiment; And be that the gas calibrating gas of 0,0.5,1.0,1.5,1.7,2.5,3.5% (v/v) detects with known methane concentration; Corresponding grating resonance wavelength increases with concentration of methane gas and moves its grating resonance wavelength amount of movement to long wavelength's direction
Be respectively 0,1.02,1.42,1.74,1.96,2.52,3.03nm, equation of linear regression is:
=0.8094
c+ 0.4327, coefficient R
2=0.9421, promptly in the equation of linear regression
k,
bBe respectively 0.8094,0.4327.
When methane gas to be measured with after the sensitive membrane of grating cladding surface contacts, grating resonance wavelength amount of movement
Be 2.05nm, can calculate concentration of methane gas to be measured
c=2.0%, its response speed is 39 seconds, and be 59 seconds release time.
Experimental example 4: the LPFG methane transducer that adopts grating cycles 520 μ m, periodicity 35, grating length 18.2mm, transmission loss 26dB, resonance wavelength initial value 1536.70nm in the experiment; And be that the gas calibrating gas of 0,0.5,1.0,1.5,1.7,2.5,3.5% (v/v) detects with known methane concentration; Corresponding grating resonance wavelength increases with concentration of methane gas and moves its grating resonance wavelength amount of movement to long wavelength's direction
Be respectively 0,1.10,1.45,1.83,2.09,2.59,3.18nm, equation of linear regression is:
=0.8429
c+ 0.4602, coefficient R
2=0.9404, promptly in the equation of linear regression
k,
bBe respectively 0.8429,0.4602.
When methane gas to be measured with after the sensitive membrane of grating cladding surface contacts, grating resonance wavelength amount of movement
Be 2.99nm, can calculate concentration of methane gas to be measured
c=3.0%, its response speed is 38 seconds, and be 65 seconds release time.
Claims (5)
1. methane sensing device based on LPFG, it includes wideband light source, scribbles the Fibre Optical Sensor of polymkeric substance sensitive membrane, test air chamber, controlled valve, mass flow controller, spectroanalysis instrument and computing machine; The said Fibre Optical Sensor front end that scribbles the polymkeric substance sensitive membrane connects wideband light source, and the rear end connects spectroanalysis instrument and computing machine successively; Said Fibre Optical Sensor is positioned at the test air chamber, and the test air chamber has air intake opening and the gas outlet that feeds methane gas to be measured, and air intake opening connects the mass flow controller of control methane gas to be measured through controlled valve;
It is characterized in that: said Fibre Optical Sensor adopts LPFG; The polymkeric substance sensitive membrane is coated on the LPFG cladding surface; Said polymkeric substance sensitive membrane is the styrene-acrylonitrile resin methane sensitive membrane that contains cage type molecule E, and its thickness is 500～600nm; The said styrene-acrylonitrile resin methane sensitive membrane that contains cage type molecule E is that cage type molecule E is dissolved in methylene chloride earlier; In this mixed solution, add styrene-acrylonitrile resin then; Mix, the employing dip-coating method is coated on long period light grating cladding surface and gets; Reagent dosage is respectively cage type molecule E150 μ mol, methylene chloride 15mL, styrene-acrylonitrile resin 1g.
2. the methane sensing device based on LPFG according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: said LPFG is made by healthy and free from worry SMF-28 single-mode fiber, and its parameter is grating cycles 400 ~ 520 μ m, grating length 10 ~ 40mm, transmission loss 20 ~ 40dB, resonance wavelength initial value 1520 ~ 1580nm.
3. the methane sensing device based on LPFG according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the said refractive index that contains the styrene-acrylonitrile resin methane sensitive membrane of cage type molecule E is 1.57.
4. the methane sensing device based on LPFG according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: said wideband light source adopts the wideband light source of spectral range 1460 ~ 1620nm.
5. the methane sensing device based on LPFG according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: said spectroanalysis instrument is the spectroanalysis instrument of 600～1700nm wavelength coverage.
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