Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is exactly at above-mentioned technological deficiency, and a kind of antifriction vermicular graphite iron material is provided, and this material has good performance.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of preparation method of antifriction vermicular graphite iron material, and this preparation method's technology is simple, and production cost is low, is suitable for suitability for industrialized production.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of antifriction vermicular graphite iron material, this material are matrix with the vermicular cast iron, the wire group that in matrix, is distributing and forming by iron wire, and used iron wire diameter is 1-2mm, and the diameter of wire group is 10-15cm, and the volume percent that iron wire accounts for material is 5-40%;
The following chemical components in percentage by weight of vermicular cast iron matrix: C is 3.3%~3.5%, and Si is 2.9%~3.3%, and Mn is 0.1-0.4%, and Dy is 0.5-0.8%, P<0.03%, and S<0.025%, all the other are Fe;
The following chemical components in percentage by weight of iron wire is: C is 0.05-0.09%, and Si is 0.1%~0.2%, and Mn is 0.25-0.35%, P<0.02%, and S<0.025%, all the other are Fe.
The CuC2 that also is distributed with in the matrix, Cr3Si and Cr23C6 particle.
The preparation method of antifriction vermicular graphite iron material is characterized in that: it may further comprise the steps:
The preparation of chromium plating iron wire and copper coated iron wire: cut-off is 0.05-0.09% for 1-2mm, composition weight percentage: C directly, and Si is 0.1%~0.2%, and Mn is 0.25-0.35%, P<0.02%, S<0.025%, all the other are the iron wire of Fe, the volume percent that the control iron wire accounts for material is 5-40%;
According to a conventional method in half iron wire chrome-faced, second half iron wire copper coating; The chromium plating iron wire and the copper coated iron wire of Xing Chenging respectively; The thickness of coating is 100-500 μ m; The chromium plating iron wire that forms is suitable with copper coated iron wire length;
Ordinary method by cleaning ball production is respectively got rhizoid formation globular mixing mariages wire group with above-mentioned chromium plating iron wire and copper coated iron wire, wire group's diameter is 10-15cm, number of metal silk group is put into casting mold mo(u)ld bottom half die cavity, the tightness of wire group guarantees that by the volume percent decision that iron wire accounts for material wire group just in time piles casting mold; After deploying, the mo(u)ld top half of casting mold is placed on the mo(u)ld bottom half, the molten iron cast is waited in the mould assembling back that finishes;
The preparation of vermicular graphite iron material matrix: percentage composition: C is 3.3%~3.5% by weight, and Si is 2.9%~3.3%, and Mn is 0.1-0.4%, and Dy is 0.5-0.8%, P<0.03%, and S<0.025%, all the other are prepared burden for the vermicular cast iron of Fe; Wherein part Si, Dy and Fe add in follow-up mode; The vermicular cast iron raw material is fused into molten iron in induction furnace, teeming temperature is 1420-1460 ℃; Before the cast, what add the 75 ferrosilicon nucleating agents of 0.6-0.8% of molten steel quality and 0.4-0.6% successively in casting ladle contains Dy rare earth vermiculizer, adopts to pour the method following current and pour in the fire bag; In the rare earth vermiculizer, percentage composition Dy is 25% by weight, and silicon is 25%, and all the other are iron; Remaining Dy amount in the vermicular graphite iron material adopts the dysprosium iron that contains Dy50% to replenish;
Above-mentioned vermicular cast iron molten iron is poured into the dry sand casting mold that wire group is housed, and liquid metal surrounds chromium plating iron wire and copper coated iron wire, cooled and solidified then, and forming with the vermicular cast iron is the material that wherein is distributed with wire group of base.
The present invention's beneficial effect compared to existing technology is as follows:
1, the iron wire self in the material of the present invention has suitable intensity and high toughness.The matrix of iron wire and vermicular cast iron all is an iron, so iron wire and vermicular cast iron be easy to combine, and forms good metallurgical binding.Like this, iron wire is distributed in the fragility vermicular cast iron, and material is had good enhancing toughening effect.
2, in the preparation process, when entering the casting mold die cavity, molten iron contacts with iron wire, Cu and Cr in the iron wire overlay coating are fused to molten iron, the Cu on the C in the molten iron, Si and iron wire surface and Cr reaction form Cr3Si, CuC2 and Cr23C6 compound, promote the C in the molten iron to separate out with the form of carbide, be distributed in the matrix, these reactants are higher than cementite hardness.This special compound that forms has further improved the antifriction quality of material.
3, Dy has anti-spheroidization of graphite effect, and the formation China ink of wriggling is had decisive action.The effect that in addition tissue of vermicular cast iron is had remarkable refinement has important effect for vermicular cast iron toughness reinforcing.C and Dy also can form C and Dy Compound D y3C simultaneously, are distributed in the raising that also helps the material antifriction quality in the matrix.
4, material of the present invention need not valuable rare earth element, and principal element is brought into by iron wire, and the cost of material is low for iron wire, and preparation technology is easy, and production cost is low, and the alloy material performance of production is good, and is convenient to very much suitability for industrialized production.Be suitable for making many antifriction parts, as mechanical braking dish etc.
The performance of material of the present invention sees Table 1.
Embodiment
Below each embodiment only as explanation of the present invention, weight percent wherein all can change weight g, kg or other weight unit into.Following iron wire is commercial, the coating self-control.
Embodiment one:
The preparation of chromium plating iron wire and copper coated iron wire:
Cut-off is 0.05% for 1mm, composition weight percentage: C directly, and Si is 0.1%, and Mn is 0.25%, P<0.02%, and S<0.025%, all the other are the iron wire of Fe, the volume percent that the control iron wire accounts for material is 5%.
According to a conventional method in half iron wire chrome-faced, second half iron wire copper coating; The chromium plating iron wire and the copper coated iron wire of Xing Chenging respectively; The thickness of coating is 100 μ m; Two kinds of coating iron wire overall length are suitable.
Ordinary method by cleaning ball production is respectively got (the two rhizoids moulding simultaneously of rhizoid formation globular mixing mariages wire group with above-mentioned chromium plating iron wire and copper coated iron wire, form mariages wire group, moulding can or claim the method for steel wire lump by the cleaning ball of the usefulness that washes the dishes), wire group's diameter is 15cm, number of metal silk group is put into casting mold mo(u)ld bottom half die cavity, the tightness of wire group guarantees that by the volume percent decision that iron wire accounts for material wire group just in time piles casting mold; After deploying, the mo(u)ld top half of casting mold is placed on the mo(u)ld bottom half, the molten iron cast is waited in the mould assembling back that finishes;
The preparation of vermicular graphite iron material matrix: percentage composition: C is 3.3% by weight, and Si is 2.9%, and Mn is 0.1%, and Dy is 0.5 %, P<0.03%, and S<0.025%, all the other are prepared burden for the vermicular cast iron of Fe; Wherein part Si, Dy and Fe add in follow-up mode; The vermicular cast iron raw material is fused into molten iron in induction furnace, teeming temperature is 1435-1440 ℃; Before the cast, in casting ladle, add successively molten steel quality 0.6% 75 ferrosilicon nucleating agents and 0.4% contain Dy rare earth vermiculizer, adopt and pour the method following current and pour in the fire bag; In the rare earth vermiculizer, percentage composition Dy is 25% by weight, and silicon is 25%, and all the other are iron; Remaining Dy amount in the vermicular graphite iron material adopts the dysprosium iron (wherein part iron is brought into by it) that contains Dy50% to replenish;
Above-mentioned vermicular cast iron molten iron is poured into the dry sand casting mold that wire group is housed, and liquid metal surrounds chromium plating iron wire and copper coated iron wire, cooled and solidified then, and forming with the vermicular cast iron is the material that wherein is distributed with wire group of base.
Embodiment two:
Vermicular graphite iron material matrix composition weight percentage: C is 3.5%, and Si is 3.3%, and Mn is 0.4%, and Dy is 0.8%, P<0.03%, and S<0.025%, all the other are Fe.
The weight percentage of iron wire composition is: C is 0.09%, and Si is 0.2%, and Mn is 0.35%, P<0.02%, and S<0.025%, all the other are Fe.The iron wire diameter is 2mm.The volume percent that the control iron wire accounts for material is 40%.
Get above-mentioned half iron wire chrome-faced according to a conventional method, second half iron wire copper coating; The chromium plating iron wire and the copper coated iron wire of Xing Chenging respectively; The thickness of copper facing and chromium coating is 500 μ m, and two kinds of coating iron wire overall length are suitable.Press the ordinary method making of cleaning ball production and be with the mariages wire group of two kinds of wires mixing of coating, wire group diameter is 15cm.
In the preparation, what add 0.8% the 75 ferrosilicon nucleating agents account for molten steel quality and 0.6% successively in casting ladle contains Dy rare earth vermiculizer, and all the other preparation process are with embodiment one.
Embodiment three:
Vermicular graphite iron material matrix composition weight percentage: C is 3.4%, and Si is 3%, and Mn is 0.3%, and Dy is 0.7%, P<0.03%, and S<0.025%, all the other are Fe.
The weight percentage of iron wire composition is: C is 0.07%, and Si is 0.15%, and Mn is 0.3%, P<0.02%, and S<0.025%, all the other are Fe.Iron wire chrome-faced or copper.The iron wire diameter is 1.2mm.The volume percent that iron wire accounts for material is 20%.
Get above-mentioned half iron wire chrome-faced according to a conventional method, second half iron wire copper coating; The chromium plating iron wire and the copper coated iron wire of Xing Chenging respectively; The thickness of copper facing and chromium coating is 200 μ m, and two kinds of coating iron wire overall length are suitable.Press the ordinary method making of cleaning ball production and be with the mariages wire group of two kinds of wires mixing of coating, wire group diameter is 12cm.
In the preparation, in casting ladle, add successively molten steel quality 0.7% 75 ferrosilicon nucleating agents and 0.5% contain Dy rare earth vermiculizer, all the other preparation process are with embodiment one.
The comparative example four: proportioning raw materials is within the scope of the present invention example not
Vermicular graphite iron material matrix composition weight percentage: C is 3%, and Si is 2.7%, and Mn is 0.05%, and Dy is 0.4%, P<0.03%, and S<0.025%, all the other are Fe.
Iron wire composition weight percentage is: C is 0.04%, and Si is 0.08%, and Mn is 0.2%, P<0.02%, and S<0.025%, all the other are Fe.The iron wire diameter is 0.8mm.The volume percent that iron wire accounts for material is 4%.
Also not copper facing of iron wire not chromium plating of surface.Press ordinary method system mariages (two strands of iron wires) the wire group that cleaning ball is produced, wire group diameter is 15cm.
Preparation process is with embodiment one.
The comparative example five: proportioning raw materials is within the scope of the present invention example not
Vermicular graphite iron material matrix composition weight percentage: C is 3.7%, and Si is 4, and Mn is 0.5%, and Dy is 0.9%, P<0.03%, and S<0.025%, all the other are Fe.
The weight percentage of iron wire composition is: C is 0.1%, and Si is 0.3%, and Mn is 0.4%, P<0.02%, and S<0.025%, all the other are Fe.The iron wire diameter is 3mm.The volume percent that iron wire accounts for material is 45%.
Get all chromium plating of above-mentioned iron wire surface according to a conventional method, the chromium plating iron wire of formation; The thickness of chromium coating is 600 μ m.Press ordinary method making mariages (two strands of chromium plating iron wires) the wire group that cleaning ball is produced, wire group diameter is 10cm.
Preparation process is with embodiment one.
Table 1
As seen from the above table, C, Si, Mn increase in the chemical ingredients of vermicular cast iron and iron wire, are beneficial to the raising of material hardness.But too much, increase the fragility of body material.P and S increase, and increase the fragility of body material.
The increase of Dy not only is beneficial to the raising of hardness in the vermicular cast iron, and helps the toughness raising.But, too much cause the increase of Dy and C compound, reduce the toughness of material.
The increase of iron wire volume percent is beneficial to the raising of toughness of material.But too much, reduced the hardness of material, therefore also reduced the antifriction quality of material.
The thickness of copper facing and chromium coating increases, and is beneficial to the alloying of molten iron; Copper and chromium are difficult for fusing into molten iron in short-term, cause the waste of element but too much.