CN102181153A - Preparation method of carbon nanotube/functionalized carbon fiber reinforced polyimide composite material - Google Patents
Preparation method of carbon nanotube/functionalized carbon fiber reinforced polyimide composite material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of a carbon nanotube/functionalized carbon fiber reinforced polyimide composite material, which comprises the following steps: after carrying out carboxyl functionalization on carbon nanotubes, introducing diamine or polyamine to the carbon nanotubes, reacting the obtained aminated carbon nanotubes with carboxylated carbon fibers to obtain the carbon fibers with carbon nanotubes grafted on the surface, and carrying out post amination treatment on the carbon fibers with carbon nanotubes grafted on the surface by introducing diamine or polyamine to obtain a reinforcer which is the aminated carbon fibers with carbon nanotubes grafted on the surface; and evenly mixing the carbon nanotubes and polyamide resin, and compounding with the functionalized carbon fiber reinforcer in a certain mode to obtain the carbon nanotube/functionalized carbon fiber reinforced polyimide composite material. The invention has the advantage of simple and controllable reaction steps, reinforces the carbon fibers by utilizing the strength and toughness of the carbon nanotubes, improves the bonding property between the carbon fibers and resin matrix, and enhances the interface binding strength of the composite material. The product provided by the invention can be used in the field of machinery, electronics, aerospace, wind power generation, transportations and the like, and greatly widens the application range of polyimide.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of nano material, be specifically related to the preparation method that a kind of carbon nanotube and functionalization carbon fiber strengthen composite polyimide material.
Background technology
Polyimide is the very excellent material of over-all properties, is the macromolecular material that contains imide ring on the class main chain, has very good thermotolerance, lower temperature resistance, solvent resistance, self lubricity and characteristic such as fire-retardant.Be widely used in photovoltaic material, nonlinear optical material, the high temperature material of spaceship, satellite or space craft etc., the advanced configuration matrix material of aspects such as aerospace, automobile, electromechanics, insulating material, high-temperature resistance adhesive etc. are one of encapsulation best in the current microelectronics message area and coating material.Make matrix resin with polyimide, prepare the resin base battery pole plates of high comprehensive performance, the new focus that electromagnetic shielding plate is just becoming the conducing composite material research field.
Carbon nanotube has caused countries in the world chemistry, physics, the personage's of material educational circles very big concern with its distinctive mechanical property, electric property, thermal property and chemical property, gains great popularity in scientific basic research and applied research.The surface energy of carbon nanotube is higher, reunites easily, makes it be difficult to homodisperse in polymkeric substance.How the homodisperse carbon nanotube and strengthen carbon nanotube and the body material interface between keying action, be the key that improves the every performance of matrix material.
Carbon fiber has the performance of a series of excellences such as high specific strength, high ratio modulus, antifatigue, creep resistance and thermal expansivity are little, make it become one of most important strongthener in recent years, oneself is widely used in fields such as aerospace, war industry and athletic sports appliance.But because the carbon fiber surface inertia is big, surface energy is low, with the bad adhesion of matrix, has more defective in the composite material interface, interfacial adhesion strength is low, the defective of composite material interface poor performance.In addition, carbon-fibre composite makes that in the poor mechanical property of vertical fibers direction the carbon-fibre composite interlaminar strength is low, has influenced the performance of carbon-fibre composite overall performance, has limited the application of material at aerospace field.
The functionalization carbon fiber that the surface has carbon nanotube can increase the meshing effect of machinery at the interface on the one hand, significantly improves interface performance, can also improve the mechanical property of resin matrix between fiber on the other hand.Be connected by covalent linkage with resin matrix with carbon fiber through the carbon nanotube after the chemically modified simultaneously, stress transmission capacity height can significantly improve interaction and boundary strength between the two-phase.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of carbon nanotube and functionalization carbon fiber to strengthen the preparation method of composite polyimide material.
Carbon nanotube that the present invention proposes and functionalization carbon fiber strengthen the preparation method of composite polyimide material, be through after the carboxylated functionalization with carbon nanotube, on carbon nanotube, introduce diamine or polyamine again, the carbon nanotube that obtains surface amination reacts through carboxylated carbon fiber with the surface, controlling reaction time, again carbon fiber surface is carried out the back amination treatment, introduce diamine or polyamine, obtain the enhancing body that amidized carbon fiber surface is grafted with carbon nanotube; With carbon nanotube and polyimide resin uniform mixing, compound with the carbon fiber enhancing body of functionalization again by certain way, obtain carbon nanotube and functionalization carbon fiber and strengthen composite polyimide material.Concrete steps are as follows:
(1) takes by weighing 0.1～1 * 10g exsiccant carbon nanotube and 10～1 * 10
4The mL mineral acid mixes, in 1 ~ 120kHz ultrasonic wave or 10 r/min ~ 10
6The centrifugal speed of r/min stirs down and handled 1～24 hour, be heated to 20～150 ℃ then, reacted 1～48 hour, through deionized water dilution washing, the millipore filtration suction filtration, repetitive scrubbing is neutral to filtrate repeatedly, is 25～150 ℃ of following vacuum-dryings 1～48 hour in temperature, obtains the carbon nanotube of purifying;
(2) with 1～1 * 10
2G exsiccant carbon fiber and acid with strong oxidizing property 1～1 * 10
4ML mixes, under 1 ~ 120kHz ultrasonic wave, handled 0.1～12 hour, be heated to 25～120 ℃ then, stirring and back flow reaction 0.2～12 hour, through deionized water wash, filter paper suction filtration, repetitive scrubbing repeatedly are neutral to filtrate, vacuum-drying is 1～48 hour under 25～150 ℃ of temperature, obtains the acidifying carbon fiber;
(3) with purifying carbon nano-tube 0.1～1 * 10g and the acid with strong oxidizing property 1～1 * 10 that obtain in the step (1)
3ML mixes, under 1 ~ 120kHz ultrasonic wave, handled 0.1～80 hour, be heated to 25～120 ℃ then, stirring and back flow reaction 1～80 hour, through deionized water dilution washing, ultramicropore filter membrane suction filtration, repetitive scrubbing repeatedly are neutral to filtrate, vacuum-drying is 1～48 hour under 25～200 ℃ of temperature, obtains the acidifying carbon nanotube;
(4) with step (3) gained acidifying carbon nanotube 0.1～1 * 10g, diamine or polyamine 1～1 * 10
3G, organic solvent 1～1 * 10
3ML and condensing agent 0.1～1 * 10g mix, with 1 ~ 120kHz ultrasonication 0.1～96 hour, after reacting 1～96 hour under 25～220 ℃ of temperature, suction filtration and repetitive scrubbing, vacuum-drying is 1～48 hour under 25 ~ 200 ℃ of temperature, obtains aminating carbon nanotube;
(5) with the acidifying carbon fiber 1～1 * 10 of amidized carbon nanotube 0.1～1 * 10g of step (4) gained, step (2) gained
2G, organic solvent 1～1 * 10
3ML and condensing agent 0.1～1 * 10g mix, and with 1 ~ 120kHz ultrasonication 0.1～12 hour, are 25～220 ℃ of reactions after 0.1～96 hour, toward wherein adding diamine or polyamine 0.1～1 * 10 down in temperature
2G and condensing agent 0～1 * 10g reacted 1～96 hour again, suction filtration and repetitive scrubbing, and vacuum-drying is 1～48 hour under 25 ~ 200 ℃ of temperature, and the carbon fiber surface that obtains is grafted with amino and carbon nanotube;
(6) with amidized carbon nanotube 0.1～1 * 10g of step (4) gained and 1～1 * 10
3The g polyimide resin mixes, and reaction is after 0.1～24 hour down to be 25～200 ℃ in temperature, and the carbon fiber with functionalization strengthens body 1～1 * 10 again
2G is 50～400 ℃ in temperature and reacted 0.5～48 hour down through the vacuum molding de-bubble, obtains carbon nanotube and functionalization carbon fiber and strengthen composite polyimide material.
Among the present invention, carbon nanotube described in the step (1) is the single wall or the multi-walled carbon nano-tubes of any preparation in arc-over, chemical gaseous phase deposition, template, sun power method or the laser evaporation method.
Among the present invention, mineral acid described in the step (1) is any or its mixed solution in the hydrochloric acid of the sulfuric acid of nitric acid, 1～55% weight acid concentration of 1～35% weight acid concentration or 1～50% weight acid concentration.
Among the present invention, carbon fiber described in the step (2) is any or its multiple combination in macrofiber, cloth or the staple fibre.
Among the present invention, step (2), (3) acid with strong oxidizing property described in is 1～70% weight acid concentration nitric acid, 1～100% weight acid concentration sulfuric acid, 1 ∕, 100～100 ∕, 1 mol ratio potassium permanganate and sulfuric acid mixed solution, 1 ∕, 100～100 ∕, 1 mol ratio nitric acid and sulfuric acid mixed solution, 1 ∕ 100～100 ∕, 1 mol ratio potassium permanganate and nitric acid mixing solutions, 1 ∕, 100～100 ∕, 1 mol ratio hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid mixture liquid, any or its multiple combination in 1 ∕ 100～100 ∕, 1 mol ratio hydrogen peroxide and hydrochloric acid mixed solution or 1 ∕ 100～100 ∕, 1 mol ratio hydrogen peroxide and the nitric acid mixed solution.
Among the present invention, diamine is quadrol, polyethyene diamine, 1 described in step (4), (5), 2-propylene diamine, 1,3-propylene diamine, 1,2-butanediamine, 1, in the 3-butanediamine, 1,6-hexanediamine, Ursol D, cyclohexanediamine, mphenylenediamine, m-xylene diamine, diaminodiphenyl-methane, the Meng alkane diamines, chlorination hexanediamine, chlorination nonamethylene diamine, chlorination decamethylene diamine, 12 carbon diamines or 13 carbon diamines any; Described polyamine is triethylamine, fourth triamine, N-amine ethyl piperazidine, Dyhard RU 100, adipic dihydrazide, N, N-dimethyl dipropyl triamine, pentamethyl-diethylenetriamine, N, N, N, N, any or its multiple combination in N-five methyl diethylentriamine, tetraethylene pentamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylene tetramine, five ethene hexamines or six ethene, seven amine.
Among the present invention, step (4), (5) organic solvent is benzene described in, toluene, dimethylbenzene, vinylbenzene, butyl toluene, tetrachloroethylene, trieline, Vinyl toluene, ethylene glycol ether, methylene dichloride, dithiocarbonic anhydride, the tricresyl phosphate ortho-cresol, methyl alcohol, ethanol, Virahol, hexanaphthene, pimelinketone, the toluene pimelinketone, ether, propylene oxide, acetone, espeleton, mibk, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, acetonitrile, pyridine, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, methylene dichloride, trichloromethane, tetracol phenixin, trieline, zellon, trichloropropane, ethylene dichloride, N, dinethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), any or its multiple combination in dioxane or the tetrahydrofuran (THF).
Among the present invention, condensing agent is N in the step (4), (5), N '-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, N, any or its multiple combination in N '-DIC or 1-ethyl-3-dimethylamine propyl carbodiimide.
Among the present invention, the polyimide described in the step (6) is thermoplastic polyimide or heat cured polyimide.
Preparation method provided by the invention is simple, the carbon nanotube of gained and functionalization carbon fiber strengthen polyimide resin composite material, significantly improve the boundary strength between matrix resin and the carbon fiber, make matrix material have good interlaminar shear strength and good wear resistance.Therefore, the present invention has important science and technology value and actual application value.
Description of drawings
The sem photograph that figure l strengthens composite polyimide material for the carbon nanotube that provides among the embodiment 2 and functionalization carbon fiber.
Fig. 2 is grafted with the sem photograph of the enhancing body of carbon nanotube for the amination carbon fiber surface that provides among the embodiment 4.
Embodiment
The following examples are to further specify of the present invention, rather than limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1: (OD＜8nm) and carbon fiber are initial raw material with the multi-walled carbon nano-tubes of arc discharge method preparation, react with the acidifying carbon fiber after walled carbon nanotubes purifying, acidifying and the amination, behind the reaction certain hour, again carbon fiber surface is carried out the back amination treatment, introduce triethylene tetramine, make the abundant amination of carboxyl of the complete and not amidized carbon nanotube reaction of carbon fiber surface, the carbon fiber surface that obtains is grafted with carbon nanotube and triethylene tetramine; With carbon nanotube and polyimide resin uniform mixing, compound with the carbon fiber enhancing body of functionalization again by certain way, obtain carbon nanotube and functionalization carbon fiber and strengthen composite polyimide material.
Step (1): in the single neck round-bottomed flask of the 250mL that agitator is housed, the multi-walled carbon nano-tubes raw material of adding 1.1g drying and 100mL, 20% salpeter solution, under the 120kHz ultrasonic wave, handled 12 hours, be heated to 60 ℃ then, reacted 48 hours, with the poly-inclined to one side tetrafluoroethylene microfiltration membrane suction filtration of ψ 0.8 μ m, with deionized water wash 3-10 time to neutrality, 85 ℃ of following vacuum-dryings obtained the multi-walled carbon nano-tubes of purifying after 24 hours;
Step (2): in the single neck round-bottomed flask of the 250mL that agitator is housed, the carbon fiber 25g of adding drying and 120mL, 60% weight concentration concentrated nitric acid, adding is through 12 hours post-heating to 25 of 120kHz ultrasonication ℃, the stirring and the reaction down 1 hour that refluxes, through the filter paper suction filtration, to neutral, 150 ℃ of following vacuum-dryings obtained the acidifying carbon fiber after 48 hours with deionized water repetitive scrubbing 3-10 time;
Step (3): in the single neck round-bottomed flask of the 250mL that agitator is housed, the multi-walled carbon nano-tubes 1g of the purifying that obtains in the adding step (1) and 120mL, 98% concentrated sulfuric acid solution, through 1 hour post-heating to 65 of 60kHz ultrasonication ℃, the stirring and the reaction down 24 hours that refluxes, with the poly-inclined to one side tetrafluoroethylene ultra-filtration membrane suction filtration of ψ 1.2 μ m, to neutral, 80 ℃ of vacuum-dryings obtained the acidifying multi-walled carbon nano-tubes after 48 hours with deionized water repetitive scrubbing 3-10 time;
Step (4): in the 250mL three neck round-bottomed flasks that agitator is housed, add step (3) gained acidifying carbon nanotube 1g, triethylene tetramine 10g, acetone 100mL and N, N '-DIC 1g, through the 100kHz ultrasonication after 1 hour, 50 ℃ of following stirring reactions 0.5 hour, suction filtration was removed unreacted reactant and byproduct of reaction, use deionized water wash 3-10 time repeatedly after, 80 ℃ of vacuum-drying 24 hours obtains the surface and has amino multi-walled carbon nano-tubes;
Step (5): in the 500mL three neck round-bottomed flasks that agitator is housed, add step (4) amidized multi-walled carbon nano-tubes 0.5g step (2) acidifying carbon fiber 25g, acetone 100mL and N, N '-DIC 2g, heating is also stirred, with the 1kHz ultrasonication after 2 hours, after reacting 12 hours under 70 ℃, in flask, add triethylene tetramine 2g and N again, N '-DIC 1g reacted 48 hours again, suction filtration and repetitive scrubbing, 70 ℃ of following vacuum-dryings 24 hours, the carbon fiber surface that obtains was grafted with carbon nanotube and triethylene tetramine;
Step (6) mixes amidized carbon nanotube 0.1g of step (4) gained and 40g thermoplastic polyimide resin, after temperature is 50 ℃ of following stirring reaction 1h, functionalization carbon fiber with step (5) gained strengthens body 10g through the vacuum molding de-bubble again, at 300 ℃ of molding temperatures, pressure 20MPa, heat-insulation pressure keeping 48h, be cooled to 170 ℃ of demouldings, obtain carbon nanotube and functionalization carbon fiber and strengthen composite polyimide material.
XPS result shows that multi-walled carbon nano-tubes surface amino groups content is 7.0%.
Embodiment 2: (OD＜8nm) is an initial raw material with the Single Walled Carbon Nanotube of laser evaporation method preparation, Single Walled Carbon Nanotube is reacted with the acidifying carbon fiber through after purifying, acidifying and the amination, behind the reaction certain hour, again carbon fiber surface is carried out the back amination treatment, introduce tetraethylene pentamine, make the abundant amination of carboxyl of the complete and not amidized carbon nanotube reaction of carbon fiber surface, the carbon fiber surface that obtains is grafted with carbon nanotube and tetraethylene pentamine; With carbon nanotube and polyimide resin uniform mixing, compound with the carbon fiber enhancing body of functionalization again by certain way, obtain carbon nanotube and functionalization carbon fiber and strengthen composite polyimide material.
Step (1): in the single neck round-bottomed flask of the 500mL that the magnetic agitation rotor is housed, add 2.1g Single Walled Carbon Nanotube raw material, the sulfuric acid of 200mL, 20% weight concentration, with 120kHz ultrasonication 10 hours, be heated to 100 ℃ then, reacted 48 hours, with the poly-inclined to one side tetrafluoroethylene microfiltration membrane suction filtration of ψ 0.8 μ m, to neutral, 100 ℃ of vacuum-dryings obtained the carbon nanotube of purifying after 24 hours with the deionized water repetitive scrubbing;
Step (2): in the single neck round-bottomed flask of the 500mL that the magnetic agitation rotor is housed, the carbon fiber 50g of adding drying and 100mL, 60% weight concentration concentrated nitric acid, through 0.1 hour post-heating to 45 of 120kHz ultrasonication ℃, the stirring and the reaction down 12 hours that refluxes, through the filter paper suction filtration, to neutral, 150 ℃ of following vacuum-dryings obtained the acidifying carbon fiber after 48 hours with deionized water repetitive scrubbing 3-10 time;
Step (3): in the single neck round-bottomed flask of the 500mL that the magnetic agitation rotor is housed, add step (1) gained acidifying carbon nanotube 2g and 100mL, 60% weight concentration concentrated nitric acid, through 1 hour post-heating to 65 of 120kHz ultrasonication ℃, the stirring and the reaction down 24 hours that refluxes, with the poly-inclined to one side tetrafluoroethylene ultra-filtration membrane suction filtration of ψ 1.2 μ m, to neutral, 70 ℃ of vacuum-dryings obtained the acidifying Single Walled Carbon Nanotube after 48 hours with deionized water repetitive scrubbing 3-10 time;
Step (4): in the 500mL three neck round-bottomed flasks that the magnetic agitation rotor is housed, add step (3) gained acidifying carbon nanotube 2g and tetraethylene pentamine 10g, acetone 100mL and N, N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide 2g, with the 1kHz ultrasonication after 96 hours, reacted 12 hours down at 55 ℃, suction filtration is removed unreacted reactant and byproduct of reaction, repeatedly with behind the deionized water wash, 200 ℃ of vacuum-drying 1 hour obtains the surface and has amino Single Walled Carbon Nanotube;
Step (5): in the 500mL three neck round-bottomed flasks that the magnetic agitation rotor is housed, add the amidized carbon nanotube 1g of step (4), step (2) acidifying carbon fiber 40g, acetone 300mL, N, N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide 2g heating is also stirred, after 100kHz ultrasonication reaction 0.1 hour, add tetraethylene pentamine 2g again, reacted 64 hours down at 40 ℃, suction filtration and repetitive scrubbing, 70 ℃ of following vacuum-dryings 24 hours, the carbon fiber surface that obtains was grafted with carbon nanotube and tetraethylene pentamine;
Step (6) mixes amidized carbon nanotube 1g of step (4) gained and 70g thermoplastic polyimide resin, after temperature is 25 ℃ of following stirring reaction 24h, functionalization carbon fiber with step (5) gained strengthens body 20g through the vacuum molding de-bubble again, at 400 ℃ of molding temperatures, pressure 20MPa, heat-insulation pressure keeping 1h, be cooled to 180 ℃ of demouldings, obtain carbon nanotube and functionalization carbon fiber and strengthen composite polyimide material.
Fig. 1 has provided the sem photograph of carbon nanotube and functionalization carbon fiber enhancing composite polyimide material.
Embodiment 3: (OD＜8nm) is an initial raw material with the Single Walled Carbon Nanotube of laser evaporation method preparation, Single Walled Carbon Nanotube is reacted with the acidifying carbon fiber through after purifying, acidifying and the amination, behind the reaction certain hour, again carbon fiber surface is carried out the back amination treatment, introduce quadrol, make the abundant amination of carboxyl of the complete and not amidized carbon nanotube reaction of carbon fiber surface, the carbon fiber surface that obtains is grafted with carbon nanotube and quadrol; With carbon nanotube and polyimide resin uniform mixing, compound with the carbon fiber enhancing body of functionalization again by certain way, obtain carbon nanotube and functionalization carbon fiber and strengthen composite polyimide material.
Step (1): in the single neck round-bottomed flask of the 1000mL that the magnetic agitation rotor is housed, add 10g Single Walled Carbon Nanotube raw material and 250mL, 20% weight concentration sulphuric acid soln, with 120kHz ultrasonication 80 hours, heating and stirring and backflow under 150 ℃ then, reacted 48 hours, with the poly-inclined to one side tetrafluoroethylene microfiltration membrane suction filtration of ψ 0.8 μ m, to neutrality, 100 ℃ of vacuum-dryings obtain the Single Walled Carbon Nanotube of purifying after 48 hours with deionized water repetitive scrubbing 2-10 time;
Step (2): in the single neck round-bottomed flask of the 1000mL that agitator is housed, the carbon fiber 100g of adding drying and 300mL, 60% weight concentration concentrated nitric acid, adding is through 0.5 hour post-heating to 35 of 120kHz ultrasonication ℃, the stirring and the reaction down 12 hours that refluxes, through the filter paper suction filtration, to neutral, 120 ℃ of following vacuum-dryings obtained the acidifying carbon fiber after 48 hours with deionized water repetitive scrubbing 3-10 time;
Step (3): in the single neck round-bottomed flask of the 1000mL that the magnetic agitation rotor is housed, add the Single Walled Carbon Nanotube 9.8g of step (1) purifying and concentrated nitric acid and the vitriol oil mixed solution that 250mL, volume ratio are 3:1, through 80 hours post-heating to 55 of 120kHz ultrasonication ℃, the stirring and the reaction down 1 hour that refluxes, with the poly-inclined to one side tetrafluoroethylene ultra-filtration membrane suction filtration of ψ 1.2 μ m, to neutral, 65 ℃ of vacuum-dryings obtained the acidifying Single Walled Carbon Nanotube after 48 hours with the deionized water repetitive scrubbing;
Step (4): in the 1000mL three neck round-bottomed flasks that the magnetic agitation rotor is housed, add step (3) gained acidifying carbon nanotube 9.7g, quadrol 100g, acetone 600mL and N, N '-DIC 10g, through the 120Hz ultrasonication after 10 hours, be heated to 55 ℃, the reaction down 96 hours of stirring and reflux is after suction filtration and repetitive scrubbing remove repeatedly, 100 ℃ of vacuum-drying 50 hours obtains amidized Single Walled Carbon Nanotube;
Step (5): in the 1000mL three neck round-bottomed flasks that agitator is housed, the amination Single Walled Carbon Nanotube 4g that adds step (4) gained, step (2) acidifying carbon fiber 100g, acetone 600mL and N, N '-DIC 10g, heating is also stirred, with the 60kHz ultrasonication after 0.1 hour, after reacting 8 hours under 55 ℃, in flask, add quadrol 10g and N again, N '-DIC 10g reacted 72 hours again, suction filtration and repetitive scrubbing, 70 ℃ of following vacuum-dryings 48 hours, the carbon fiber surface that obtains was grafted with carbon nanotube and quadrol;
Step (6) mixes amidized carbon nanotube 5g of step (4) gained and 100g thermoplastic polyimide resin, after temperature is 200 ℃ of following stirring reaction 0.1h, functionalization carbon fiber with step (5) gained strengthens body 50g through the vacuum molding de-bubble again, at 330 ℃ of molding temperatures, pressure 20MPa, heat-insulation pressure keeping 5h, be cooled to 190 ℃ of demouldings, obtain carbon nanotube and functionalization carbon fiber and strengthen composite polyimide material.
XPS analysis result shows that Single Walled Carbon Nanotube surface amino groups content is 5.9%.
Embodiment 4: (OD＜8nm) and carbon fiber are initial raw material with the multi-walled carbon nano-tubes of arc discharge method preparation, react with the acidifying carbon fiber after walled carbon nanotubes purifying, acidifying and the amination, behind the reaction certain hour, again carbon fiber surface is carried out the back amination treatment, introduce decamethylene diamine, make the abundant amination of carboxyl of the complete and not amidized carbon nanotube reaction of carbon fiber surface, the carbon fiber surface that obtains is grafted with carbon nanotube and decamethylene diamine; With carbon nanotube and polyimide resin uniform mixing, compound with the carbon fiber enhancing body of functionalization again by certain way, obtain carbon nanotube and functionalization carbon fiber and strengthen composite polyimide material.
Step (1): in the single neck round-bottomed flask of the 250mL that agitator is housed, the multi-walled carbon nano-tubes raw material of adding 1.1g drying and 100mL, 20% salpeter solution, under the 1kHz ultrasonic wave, handled 24 hours, be heated to 20 ℃ then, reacted 48 hours, with the poly-inclined to one side tetrafluoroethylene microfiltration membrane suction filtration of ψ 0.45 μ m, with deionized water wash 3-10 time to neutrality, 25 ℃ of following vacuum-dryings obtained the multi-walled carbon nano-tubes of purifying after 24 hours;
Step (2): in the single neck round-bottomed flask of the 250mL that agitator is housed, the carbon fiber 20g of adding drying and 100mL, 60% weight concentration concentrated nitric acid, through 0.1 hour post-heating to 25 of 120kHz ultrasonication ℃, the stirring and the reaction down 12 hours that refluxes, through the filter paper suction filtration, to neutral, 150 ℃ of following vacuum-dryings obtained the acidifying carbon fiber after 48 hours with deionized water repetitive scrubbing 3-10 time;
Step (3): in the single neck round-bottomed flask of the 250mL that agitator is housed, the multi-walled carbon nano-tubes raw material 1g of the purifying that obtains in the adding step (1) and 100mL, 60% weight concentration concentrated nitric acid, through 1 hour post-heating to 25 of 120kHz ultrasonication ℃, the stirring and the reaction down 48 hours that refluxes, with the poly-inclined to one side tetrafluoroethylene ultra-filtration membrane suction filtration of ψ 1.2 μ m, to neutral, 80 ℃ of vacuum-dryings obtained the acidifying multi-walled carbon nano-tubes after 48 hours with deionized water repetitive scrubbing 3-10 time;
Step (4): in the 250mL three neck round-bottomed flasks that agitator is housed, add step (3) gained acidifying carbon nanotube 1g, decamethylene diamine 10g,, acetone 100mL and N, N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide 10g is with the 100kHz ultrasonication after 24 hours, 50 ℃ of following stirring reactions 1 hour, suction filtration is removed unreacted reactant and byproduct of reaction, after using deionized water wash 3-10 time repeatedly, 80 ℃ of vacuum-drying 48 hours obtains the surface and has amino multi-walled carbon nano-tubes;
Step (5): in the 500mL three neck round-bottomed flasks that agitator is housed, add the amidized carbon nanotube 0.5g of step (4), step (2) acidifying carbon fiber 20g, acetone 100mL and N, N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide 10g, heating is also stirred, with the 60kHz ultrasonication after 0.1 hour, after reacting 96 hours under 25 ℃, in flask, add decamethylene diamine 2g and N, N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide 1g reacted 48 hours again, suction filtration and repetitive scrubbing, 70 ℃ of following vacuum-dryings 24 hours, the carbon fiber surface that obtains was grafted with carbon nanotube and decamethylene diamine;
Step (6) is with amidized carbon nanotube 0.5g of step (4) gained and 30g thermoset polyimide resin mixing and stirring, functionalization carbon fiber enhancing body 5g with step (5) gained is compound again, through the vacuum molding de-bubble, being 100 ℃ at curing process reacted l hour down, 160 ℃ were reacted l hour down, 220 ℃ were reacted 2 hours down, and 350 ℃ were reacted 3 hours down, obtain carbon nanotube and functionalization carbon fiber reinforced polyimide resin composite material.
XPS result shows that multi-walled carbon nano-tubes surface amino groups content is 5.3%.
Fig. 2 is grafted with the sem photograph of the enhancing body of carbon nanotube for the amination carbon fiber surface.
Above-mentioned description to embodiment is to understand and apply the invention for the ease of those skilled in the art.The person skilled in the art obviously can easily make various modifications to these embodiment, and needn't pass through performing creative labour being applied in the General Principle of this explanation among other embodiment.Therefore, the invention is not restricted to the embodiment here, those skilled in the art should be within protection scope of the present invention to improvement and modification that the present invention makes according to announcement of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. carbon nanotube and functionalization carbon fiber strengthen the preparation method of composite polyimide material, it is characterized in that concrete steps are as follows:
(1) takes by weighing 0.1～1 * 10g exsiccant carbon nanotube and 10～1 * 10
4The mL mineral acid mixes, in 1 ~ 120kHz ultrasonic wave or 10 r/min ~ 10
6The centrifugal speed of r/min stirs down and handled 1～24 hour, is heated to 20～150 ℃ then, reacts 1～48 hour, through deionized water dilution washing, the millipore filtration suction filtration, it is neutral washing to filtrate, in temperature is 25～150 ℃ of following vacuum-dryings 1～48 hour, obtains the carbon nanotube of purifying;
(2) with 1～1 * 10
2G exsiccant carbon fiber and acid with strong oxidizing property 1～1 * 10
4ML mixes, under 1 ~ 120kHz ultrasonic wave, handled 0.1～12 hour, be heated to 25～120 ℃ then, stirring and back flow reaction 0.2～12 hour, through deionized water wash, the filter paper suction filtration washs to filtrate and is neutral, vacuum-drying is 1～48 hour under 25～150 ℃ of temperature, obtains the acidifying carbon fiber;
(3) with purifying carbon nano-tube 0.1～1 * 10g and the acid with strong oxidizing property 1～1 * 10 that obtain in the step (1)
3ML mixes, under 1 ~ 120kHz ultrasonic wave, handled 0.1～80 hour, be heated to 25～120 ℃ then, stirring and back flow reaction 1～80 hour, through deionized water dilution washing, ultramicropore filter membrane suction filtration washs to filtrate and is neutral, vacuum-drying is 1～48 hour under 25～200 ℃ of temperature, obtains the acidifying carbon nanotube;
(4) with step (3) gained acidifying carbon nanotube 0.1～1 * 10g, diamine or polyamine 1～1 * 10
3G, organic solvent 1～1 * 10
3ML and condensing agent 0.1～1 * 10g mix, with 1 ~ 120kHz ultrasonication 0.1～96 hour, and after reacting 1～96 hour under 25～220 ℃ of temperature, suction filtration and washing, vacuum-drying is 1～48 hour under 25 ~ 200 ℃ of temperature, obtains the carbon nanotube of ammonification;
(5) with the acidifying carbon fiber 1～1 * 10 of amidized carbon nanotube 0.1～1 * 10g of step (4) gained, step (2) gained
2G, organic solvent 1～1 * 10
3ML and condensing agent 0.1～1 * 10g mix, and with 1 ~ 120kHz ultrasonication 0.1～12 hour, are 25～220 ℃ of reactions after 0.1～96 hour, toward wherein adding diamine or polyamine 0.1～1 * 10 down in temperature
2G and condensing agent 0～1 * 10g reacted 1～96 hour again, suction filtration and washing, and vacuum-drying is 1～48 hour under 25 ~ 200 ℃ of temperature, and the carbon fiber surface that obtains is grafted with amino and carbon nanotube;
(6) with amidized carbon nanotube 0.1～1 * 10g of step (4) gained and 1～1 * 10
3The g polyimide resin mixes, and reaction is after 0.1～24 hour down to be 25～200 ℃ in temperature, and the carbon fiber with functionalization strengthens body 1～1 * 10 again
2G is 50～400 ℃ in temperature and reacted 0.5～48 hour down through the vacuum molding de-bubble, obtains carbon nanotube and functionalization carbon fiber and strengthen composite polyimide material.
2. carbon nanotube according to claim 1 and functionalization carbon fiber strengthen the preparation method of composite polyimide material, it is characterized in that carbon nanotube described in the step (1) comprises the single wall or the multi-walled carbon nano-tubes of any preparation in chemical Vapor deposition process, arc discharge method, sun power method, template or the laser evaporation method or it is with arbitrary proportion blended mixture.
3. carbon nanotube according to claim 1 and functionalization carbon fiber strengthen the preparation method of composite polyimide material, it is characterized in that mineral acid described in the step (1) is any or its multiple mixed solution in the hydrochloric acid of the sulfuric acid of nitric acid, 1～55% weight acid concentration of 1～35% weight acid concentration or 1～50% weight acid concentration.
4. carbon nanotube according to claim 1 and functionalization carbon fiber strengthen the preparation method of composite polyimide material, it is characterized in that carbon fiber described in the step (2) is any or its multiple combination in macrofiber, cloth or the staple fibre.
5. carbon nanotube according to claim 1 and functionalization carbon fiber strengthen the preparation method of composite polyimide material, it is characterized in that step (2), (3) acid with strong oxidizing property described in is 0.1～70% weight acid concentration nitric acid, 1～100% weight acid concentration sulfuric acid, 1 ∕, 100～100 ∕, 1 mol ratio potassium permanganate and sulfuric acid mixed solution, 1 ∕, 100～100 ∕, 1 mol ratio nitric acid and sulfuric acid mixed solution, 1 ∕ 100～100 ∕, 1 mol ratio potassium permanganate and nitric acid mixing solutions, 1 ∕, 100～100 ∕, 1 mol ratio hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid mixture liquid, any or its multiple combination in 1 ∕ 100～100 ∕, 1 mol ratio hydrogen peroxide and hydrochloric acid mixed solution or 1 ∕ 100～100 ∕, 1 mol ratio hydrogen peroxide and the nitric acid mixed solution.
6. carbon nanotube according to claim 1 and functionalization carbon fiber strengthen the preparation method of composite polyimide material, it is characterized in that diamine is quadrol, polyethyene diamine, 1 described in step (4), (5), 2-propylene diamine, 1,3-propylene diamine, 1,2-butanediamine, 1,3-butanediamine, 1,6-hexanediamine, Ursol D, cyclohexanediamine, mphenylenediamine, m-xylene diamine, diaminodiphenyl-methane, alkane diamines chlorination in Meng hexanediamine, chlorination nonamethylene diamine, chlorination decamethylene diamine, 12 carbon diamines or 13 carbon diamines; Described polyamine is triethylamine, fourth triamine, N-amine ethyl piperazidine, Dyhard RU 100, adipic dihydrazide, N, N-dimethyl dipropyl triamine, pentamethyl-diethylenetriamine, N, N, N, N, any or its multiple combination in N-five methyl diethylentriamine, tetraethylene pentamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylene tetramine, five ethene hexamines or six ethene, seven amine.
7. carbon nanotube according to claim 1 and functionalization carbon fiber strengthen the preparation method of composite polyimide material, it is characterized in that step (4), (5) organic solvent described in is benzene, toluene, dimethylbenzene, vinylbenzene, butyl toluene, tetrachloroethylene, trieline, Vinyl toluene, ethylene glycol ether, methylene dichloride, dithiocarbonic anhydride, the tricresyl phosphate ortho-cresol, methyl alcohol, ethanol, Virahol, hexanaphthene, pimelinketone, the toluene pimelinketone, ether, propylene oxide, acetone, espeleton, mibk, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, acetonitrile, pyridine, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, methylene dichloride, trichloromethane, tetracol phenixin, trieline, zellon, trichloropropane, ethylene dichloride, N, dinethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), any or its multiple combination in dioxane or the tetrahydrofuran (THF).
8. carbon nanotube according to claim 1 and functionalization carbon fiber strengthen the preparation method of composite polyimide material, it is characterized in that condensing agent is N described in step (4), (5), N '-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, N, any or its multiple combination in N '-DIC or 1-ethyl-3-dimethylamine propyl carbodiimide.
9. carbon nanotube according to claim 1 and functionalization carbon fiber strengthen the preparation method of composite polyimide material, it is characterized in that the polyimide described in the step (6) is any in thermoplastic polyimide or the heat cured polyimide.
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| CN101787128A (en) * | 2010-02-04 | 2010-07-28 | 同济大学 | Method for preparing hybrid composite material of carbon fibers/carbon nanotubes/bismaleimide resin |
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| CN107267016A (en) * | 2017-07-21 | 2017-10-20 | 陕西科技大学 | The preparation method of the nano combined finishing agent of covalent cross-linking cladded type polyacrylate base graphene |
| CN107267016B (en) * | 2017-07-21 | 2019-04-30 | 陕西科技大学 | The preparation method of the nano combined finishing agent of covalent cross-linking cladded type polyacrylate base graphene |
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| CN113115585A (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2021-07-13 | 远景能源有限公司 | Method and equipment for manufacturing carbon nanotube modified fiber reinforced material |
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