CN102178113A - Feed capable of improving milk yield of milk cow at peak of lactation - Google Patents
Feed capable of improving milk yield of milk cow at peak of lactation Download PDFInfo
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- CN102178113A CN102178113A CN201110122523XA CN201110122523A CN102178113A CN 102178113 A CN102178113 A CN 102178113A CN 201110122523X A CN201110122523X A CN 201110122523XA CN 201110122523 A CN201110122523 A CN 201110122523A CN 102178113 A CN102178113 A CN 102178113A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
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Abstract
The invention discloses a feed capable of improving the milk yield of milk cow at the peak of lactation. The feed comprises the following nutritional substances in each kilogram of dry substances by weight: 150 to 180g of crude protein, 160 to 200g of crude fibers, 300 to 400g of neutral detergent fibers, 210 to 212g of acid detergent fibers, 5 to 10g of calcium, 4 to 6g of available phosphorus, 60 to 80g of by-pass protein, and 45 to 75g of by-pass fat, wherein the weight ratio of the by-pass protein to the by-pass fat is (0.9-1.5):1; and the net energy for lactating cow in each kilogram of the dry substances is 1.5-1.7kcal. When the feed is used for feeding the milk cow at the peak of lactation, the requirement of the special digestion system of the milk cow on nutrition can be met, the production performance, milk quality and feed conversion efficiency can be improved, and side effects, such as medicinal residues, environmental pollution and the like, are prevented.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of animal, be specifically related to a kind of feed that improves the milk cow peak of lactation output of milk.
Background technology
Milk cow was meant and was in the lactation cow of colostrum after date to 100 between day stage peak of lactation, this, characteristics of milk cow were that udder edema disappears in period, the lactation increased functionality, the output of milk increases sharply, generally reached the lactation peak 30～60 days minute puerperiums, slowly descend then, and another characteristics of this stage are that the recovery of milk cow appetite is normal, dry matter intake increases gradually, generally reached high dry matter feed intake 70～80 days postpartum, so just formed the negative balance of dairy cow nutrition metabolism, the nutrition negative balance of milk cow generally will continue 100～200 days time.The cow that is in nutrition negative balance state can be employed the synthetic milk of body fat; but nutrient utilization descends in catabolic process; cause very big waste; also can cause simultaneously fresh cow become thin too fast, the peak of giving milk reduces, the output of milk descends accelerates, the peak duration shortens; the highly yielding ability of cow can not be given full play to; the nutrition negative balance is serious or the duration is long, and milk cow metabolic disease, breeding disease can occur, become thin even death.
The major measure that improves peak of lactation milk production of cow, reduction nutrition negative balance at present has following several.A kind of is to adopt to increase concentrated feed hello amount, reduce roughage and feed amount, improve diet nutrient concentration, thereby increase the absorption of peak of lactation dairy cow nutrition, but the too much concentrated feed of feeding can increase slow etc. the incidence of disease of the displacement of cow rumen acidosis, abomasum and cud, and not enough roughage can cause milk quality to descend again.Another is to the peak of lactation milk cow rumen-undegraded fat of feeding, improve dietary digestibility of energy concentration, giving peak of lactation the feed problem of rumen-undegraded fat of milk cow is the dry matter intake that excess fat can reduce the peak of lactation milk cow, reduce digestion and the absorption of fat at small intestine, suppress the absorption of mineral matter, therefore the too much rumen-undegraded fat of feeding has not only increased the cost of feeding, and also not obvious to the effect of improving production performance.Also have a kind of feed addictive that is to use to regulate and control peak of lactation milk cow metabolism, the problem of using feed addictive is that product retains, environmental pollution and effect instability.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of feed that improves the milk cow peak of lactation output of milk, this feed effect stability, have no side effect.
In order to realize above purpose, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of feed that improves the milk cow peak of lactation output of milk, every kilogram of dry of this feed are by the composition of nutritive substance of following weight: crude protein 150～180g crude fibre 160～200g neutral detergent fiber 300～400g acid detergent fiber 210～212g calcium 5～10g available phosphorus 4～6g rumen bypass protein 60～80g rumen-undegraded fat 45～75g;
Wherein the weight ratio of rumen bypass protein and rumen-undegraded fat is (0.9～1.5): 1.
Net energy for lactating cow is 1.5～1.7kcal in every kilogram of dry of this feed.
The feed that improves the milk cow peak of lactation output of milk provided by the invention is according to the characteristics of peak of lactation milk cow metabolism and formulated to the rule of nutrient digestion absorption, under the situation that satisfies feed protein and net energy for lactating cow, weight ratio by rumen bypass protein and rumen-undegraded fat in the adjustment daily ration is: rumen bypass protein: rumen-undegraded fat=(0.9～1.5): 1, increased energy digestion and the absorption of small intestine to daily ration, improved the utilization ratio of the transformation efficiency and the energy of nutriment, milk production of cow is significantly increased, increased the economic benefit of peak of lactation milk cattle cultivating.The feed that improves the milk cow peak of lactation output of milk provided by the invention is applicable to all kinds of adult peak of lactation milk cow.Use the feed of the present invention peak of lactation milk cow of feeding, can satisfy the needs of the special digestive system of milk cow, can improve production performance, milk quality and the feed efficiency of milk cow again, go back side effects such as drug residue free and environmental pollution simultaneously nutrition.
Feed provided by the invention is not done special qualification to raw material, as long as the amount of the nutriment in the feed can satisfy above-mentioned condition behind the various raw materials of interpolation.As a kind of preferred scheme, feed provided by the invention is become by the mixed raw material that accounts for dry biomass percentage by following:
Corn 23.61～25.79% dregs of beans 4.3～13.2% formaldehyde dregs of beans 0～8.33%
Saturated fat 0.97～3.5% cotton dregs 3.51% corn DDGS 6.42% stone flour 0.87% calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1.02% salt 0.40% sodium acid carbonate 0.74% premix 0.45% magnesia 0.19% pomace 5.78% silage corn 26.85% sheep's hay 4.13% alfalfa hay 10.33%.
The one-tenth of wherein said premix is grouped into by every kilogram of premix and counts: Cu 4560mg, Mn 4590mg, Zn 2110mg, Se 200mg, I 270mg, Co 60mg, vitamin A 2000000 IU, vitamin D 450000 IU, vitamin E 10000 IU, nicotinic acid 3000mg.
The preparation method of formaldehyde dregs of beans: with 100kg dregs of beans and 750ml weight percent concentration is that 36% formalin is fully mixed, and seals 12h afterwards, and bulk storage formaldehyde makes then.
Feed provided by the invention is according to the physiology of milk cow, digestion and absorption characteristics, by selected various raw materials, select rumen-undegraded fat content high product saturated fat, the formaldehyde dregs of beans that dregs of beans that corn that rumen-undegraded fat content is lower and protein content is also lower and rumen bypass protein content are lower and rumen bypass protein content are higher, by adjusting corn, saturated fat and the dregs of beans proportioning in feed, guarantee the content of feed thick protein and net energy for lactating cow, obtain the suitable proportion of rumen bypass protein and rumen-undegraded fat in the feed by research: rumen bypass protein: rumen-undegraded fat=(0.9～1.5): 1, under the situation of the digestion that does not influence cud, can increase digestion and the absorption of small intestine to nutrition, reduce the nutrition negative balance of peak of lactation milk cow, improve the output of milk and milk-quality.Feed provided by the present invention be used for milk cow produce have do not increase feeding cost, obviously improve the output of milk and milk-quality, milk cow dry matter intake and ruminal digestion are not had advantages such as influence, drug residue free and environmental pollution, obvious economic.
According to above-mentioned feed feeding cow provided by the invention, and the ratio of assurance raw material feed intake in the milk cow dry, just can reach the effect that improves the output of milk.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
The feed that present embodiment provides is become by the mixed raw material that accounts for dry biomass percentage by following:
Corn 25.79% dregs of beans 4.30% formaldehyde dregs of beans 8.33% saturated fat 0.97% cotton dregs 3.51% corn DDGS 6.42% stone flour 0.87% calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1.02% salt 0.40% sodium acid carbonate 0.74% premix 0.45% magnesia 0.19% pomace 5.78% silage corn 26.85% sheep's hay 4.13% alfalfa hay 10.33%.
Wherein the one-tenth of premix is grouped into by every kilogram of premix and counts: Cu 4560mg, Mn 4590mg, Zn 2110mg, Se 200mg, I 270mg, Co 60mg, vitamin A 2000000 IU, vitamin D 450000 IU, vitamin E 10000 IU, nicotinic acid 3000mg.
Every kilogram of dry of present embodiment feed is by the composition of nutritive substance of following weight: crude protein 171g, crude fibre 167g, neutral detergent fiber 348g, acid detergent fiber 210g, calcium 6.1g, available phosphorus 5.1g, rumen bypass protein 71g, rumen-undegraded fat 47g; The weight ratio of rumen bypass protein and rumen-undegraded fat is 1.5:1; Net energy for lactating cow is 1.56kcal in every kilogram of dry.
Embodiment 2
The feed that present embodiment provides is become by the mixed raw material that accounts for dry biomass percentage by following:
Corn 24.41% dregs of beans 8.30% formaldehyde dregs of beans 4.64% saturated fat 1.96%
Cotton dregs 3.51% corn DDGS 6.42% stone flour 0.87% calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1.02%
Salt 0.40% sodium acid carbonate 0.74% premix 0.45% magnesia 0.19% pomace 5.78% silage corn 26.85% sheep's hay 4.13% alfalfa hay 10.33%.
Wherein the one-tenth of premix is grouped into by every kilogram of premix and counts: Cu 4560mg, Mn 4590mg, Zn 2110mg, Se 200mg, I 270mg, Co 60mg, vitamin A 2000000 IU, vitamin D 450000 IU, vitamin E 10000 IU, nicotinic acid 3000mg.
Every kilogram of dry of present embodiment feed is by the composition of nutritive substance of following weight: crude protein 172g, crude fibre 167g, neutral detergent fiber 347g, acid detergent fiber 211g, calcium 6g, available phosphorus 5g, rumen bypass protein 67.8g, rumen-undegraded fat 56.5g; The weight ratio of rumen bypass protein and rumen-undegraded fat is 1.2:1; Net energy for lactating cow is 1.59kcal in every kilogram of dry.
Embodiment 3
The feed that present embodiment provides is become by the mixed raw material that accounts for dry biomass percentage by following:
Corn 23.61% dregs of beans 13.20% saturated fat 3.50% cotton dregs 3.51% corn DDGS 6.42% stone flour 0.87% calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1.02% salt 0.40% sodium acid carbonate 0.74% premix 0.45% magnesia 0.19% pomace 5.78% silage corn 26.85% sheep's hay 4.13% alfalfa hay 10.33%.
Wherein the one-tenth of premix is grouped into by every kilogram of premix and counts: Cu 4560mg, Mn 4590mg, Zn 2110mg, Se 200mg, I 270mg, Co 60mg, vitamin A 2000000 IU, vitamin D 450000 IU, vitamin E 10000 IU, nicotinic acid 3000mg.
Every kilogram of dry of present embodiment feed is by the composition of nutritive substance of following weight: crude protein 171g, crude fibre 167g, neutral detergent fiber 346g, acid detergent fiber 212g, calcium 6.1g, available phosphorus 5.1g, rumen bypass protein 64g, rumen-undegraded fat 71g; The weight ratio of rumen bypass protein and rumen-undegraded fat is 0.9:1; Net energy for lactating cow is 1.59kcal in every kilogram of dry.
The feed that test example mensuration embodiment 1-3 provides is to the influence of the milk cow peak of lactation output of milk
Select two Comparative Examples, the feed that Comparative Examples provides is specific as follows.
Comparative Examples 1
The feed that this Comparative Examples provides is become by the mixed raw material that accounts for dry biomass percentage by following:
Corn 26.36% formaldehyde dregs of beans 12.60% saturated fatty acid 0.35% cotton dregs 3.51% corn DDGS 6.42% stone flour 0.87% calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1.02% salt 0.40% sodium acid carbonate 0.74% premix 0.45% magnesia 0.19% pomace 5.78% silage corn 26.85% sheep's hay 4.13% alfalfa hay 10.33%.
Wherein the one-tenth of premix is grouped into by every kilogram of premix and counts: Cu 4560mg, Mn 4590mg, Zn 2110mg, Se 200mg, I 270mg, Co 60mg, vitamin A 2000000 IU, vitamin D 450000 IU, vitamin E 10000 IU, nicotinic acid 3000mg.
Every kilogram of dry of this Comparative Examples feed is by the composition of nutritive substance of following weight: crude protein 172g, crude fibre 167g, neutral detergent fiber 349g, acid detergent fiber 211g, calcium 6.1g, available phosphorus 5.1g, rumen bypass protein 74g, rumen-undegraded fat 41g; The weight ratio of rumen bypass protein and rumen-undegraded fat is 1.8:1; Net energy for lactating cow is 1.53kcal in every kilogram of dry.
Comparative Examples 2
The feed that this Comparative Examples provides is become by the mixed raw material that accounts for dry biomass percentage by following:
Corn 20.18% dregs of beans 13.60% saturated fat 5.53% cotton dregs 3.51%
Corn DDGS 6.42% stone flour 0.87% calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1.02% salt 0.40%
Sodium acid carbonate 0.74% premix 0.45% magnesia 0.19% pomace 5.78%
Silage corn 26.85% sheep's hay 4.13% alfalfa hay 10.33%.
Wherein the one-tenth of premix is grouped into by every kilogram of premix and counts: Cu 4560mg, Mn 4590mg, Zn 2110mg, Se 200mg, I 270mg, Co 60mg, vitamin A 2000000 IU, vitamin D 450000 IU, vitamin E 10000 IU, nicotinic acid 3000mg.
Every kilogram of dry of this Comparative Examples feed is by the composition of nutritive substance of following weight: crude protein 171g, crude fibre 166g, neutral detergent fiber 345g, acid detergent fiber 210g, calcium 6.1g, available phosphorus 5.0g, rumen bypass protein 64g, rumen-undegraded fat 91g; The weight ratio of rumen bypass protein and rumen-undegraded fat is 0.7:1; Net energy for lactating cow is 1.67kcal in every kilogram of dry.
40 of the Chinese He Sitanyin milk cows of select about 30 days postpartum, parity is close with the output of milk match according to the output of milk, five oxen that the lactation age in days is close with parity, are randomized into 1 group, 2 groups, 3 groups, 4 groups, 5 groups again.Analyze between the average output of milk before the test of five groups of oxen, parity and the lactation ages in days difference all not significantly (p＞0.05) by statistics.
1 group of milk cow feed that embodiment 1 provides of feeding, the 2 groups of milk cows feed that embodiment 2 provides of feeding, the 3 groups of milk cows feed that embodiment 3 provides of feeding, the 4 groups of milk cows feed that Comparative Examples 1 provides of feeding, the 5 groups of milk cows feed that Comparative Examples 2 provides of feeding.Five groups of oxen are fed in same cowshed, adopt the formula of fastening to raise, and feed for three times every day and milk for three times, and feed is fed silage corn earlier, and mixed concentrate and hay are fed in the back, milk cow free choice feeding and drinking-water, and the feed amount of feeding is controlled to be 5% surplus material approximately.
Experimental period was 10 weeks, and duration of test is respectively organized the output of milk of milk cow and the measurement result of milk quality is shown in Table 1.
Table 1 duration of test is respectively organized the output of milk and the milk quality of ox
Annotate: colleague's shoulder mark same letter person difference is remarkable (P ﹥ 0.05) not, shoulder mark different alphabetical person's significant differences (P ﹤ 0.05).
As can be seen from Table 1, the output of milk of 1 group, 2 groups, 3 groups milk cow is higher by 7.4% respectively than the outputs of milk of 4 groups of milk cows, 10.2% and 6.3%, higher by 8.8% respectively than the outputs of milk of 5 groups of milk cows, 11.5% and 7.7%, statistical analysis, the output of milk of 1 group, 2 groups, 3 groups milk cow all are significantly higher than the output of milk (p ﹤ 0.05) of 4 groups and 5 groups milk cows.Dairy fat content: 2 groups and 3 groups of milk cows are significantly higher than 4 groups of milk cows (p ﹤ 0.05); The Ruzhong total solids content: 2 groups and 3 groups of milk cows are significantly higher than 4 groups of milk cows (p ﹤ 0.05), show that 2 groups of milk-qualities and 3 groups of milk cows are better than 4 groups of milk cows.
Duration of test is respectively organized the feed intake of ox and the measurement result of feed efficiency is shown in Table 2.
Table 2 duration of test is respectively organized feed intake and the feed efficiency of ox
Annotate: colleague's shoulder mark same letter person difference is remarkable (P ﹥ 0.05) not, shoulder mark different alphabetical person's significant differences (P ﹤ 0.05).
As can be seen from Table 2,1 group, 2 groups and 3 groups of milk cows and 4 groups and 5 groups of milk cow dry matter intakes and the equal no significant difference of crude protein feed intake.2 groups and 3 groups of milk cow net energy for lactating cow feed intakes are significantly higher than 4 groups of milk cows.Net energy for lactating cow transformation efficiency of 1 group, 2 groups and 3 groups milk cow and crude protein transformation efficiency are all than 4 groups and 5 groups of milk cow height, wherein 1 group, 2 groups and 3 groups milk cows of net energy for lactating cow transformation efficiency exceed 5.1,6.5 and 4.5 percentage points than 4 groups of milk cows respectively, exceed 5.4,6.8 and 4.8 percentage points than 5 groups of milk cows, 1 group, 2 groups and 3 groups milk cows of crude protein transformation efficiency exceed 1.4,1.8 and 1.1 percentage points than 4 groups of milk cows respectively, exceed 1.5,1.9 and 1.2 percentage points than 5 groups of milk cows.
From the measurement result of this test example as can be known, the feed that embodiment 1-3 provides has improved the utilization ratio of the transformation efficiency and the energy of nutriment, reduced the nutrition negative balance of peak of lactation milk cow, the output of milk and milk-quality have obviously been improved, milk cow dry matter intake and ruminal digestion are had no effect, and drug residue free and environmental pollution have increased the economic benefit of peak of lactation milk cattle cultivating.Adopt the feed of the embodiment 1-3 peak of lactation milk cow of feeding, can satisfy the needs of the special digestive system of milk cow, can improve production performance, milk quality and feed efficiency again nutrition.
Claims (4)
1. the feed that can improve the milk cow peak of lactation output of milk is characterized in that, every kilogram of dry of this feed is by the composition of nutritive substance of following weight:
Crude protein 150～180g crude fibre 160～200g neutral detergent fiber 300～400g
Acid detergent fiber 210～212g calcium 5～10g available phosphorus 4～6g
Rumen bypass protein 60～80g rumen-undegraded fat 45～75g;
Wherein the weight ratio of rumen bypass protein and rumen-undegraded fat is (0.9～1.5): 1.
2. the feed that improves the milk cow peak of lactation output of milk according to claim 1 is characterized in that, net energy for lactating cow is 1.5～1.7kcal in every kilogram of dry of this feed.
3. the feed that improves the milk cow peak of lactation output of milk according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, this feed is become by the mixed raw material that accounts for dry biomass percentage by following:
Corn 23.61～25.79% dregs of beans 4.3～13.2% formaldehyde dregs of beans 0～8.33%
Saturated fat 0.97～3.5% cotton dregs 3.51% corn DDGS 6.42% stone flour 0.87% calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1.02% salt 0.40% sodium acid carbonate 0.74% premix 0.45% magnesia 0.19% pomace 5.78% silage corn 26.85% sheep's hay 4.13% alfalfa hay 10.33%.
4. the feed that improves the milk cow peak of lactation output of milk according to claim 3, it is characterized in that the one-tenth of described premix is grouped into by every kilogram of premix and counts: Cu 4560mg, Mn 4590mg, Zn 2110mg, Se 200mg, I 270mg, Co 60mg, vitamin A 2000000 IU, vitamin D 450000 IU, vitamin E 10000 IU, nicotinic acid 3000mg.
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