CN102178073B - fermented TMR (Total Mixed Ration) for 7-13-month old replacement cattle and preparation method of the fermented TMR - Google Patents
fermented TMR (Total Mixed Ration) for 7-13-month old replacement cattle and preparation method of the fermented TMR Download PDFInfo
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- CN102178073B CN102178073B CN2011100862692A CN201110086269A CN102178073B CN 102178073 B CN102178073 B CN 102178073B CN 2011100862692 A CN2011100862692 A CN 2011100862692A CN 201110086269 A CN201110086269 A CN 201110086269A CN 102178073 B CN102178073 B CN 102178073B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention relates to fermented TMR (Total Mixed Ration) for 7-13-month old replacement cattle and a preparation method of the fermented TMR. The fermented TMR consists of the components in parts by weight as follows: 100-300 parts of silage straw, 200-400 parts of sweet corn stalks, 30-80 parts of alfalfa, 30-70 parts of tea granules, 150-240 parts of brewex's grains, 50-100 parts of barley, 20-80 parts of palm meal, 15-50 parts of sauce grains, 50-100 parts of straw, and 10-40 parts of molasses and 5-20 parts of fermented TMR premix for the replacement cattle. The preparation of the fermented TMR includes the steps of adding materials in a TMR stirring machine, adjusting the water content to 45%-55%, filling the mixture in bags, extracting air, binding and sealing the bags, and conducting fermentation for 10-100 days. The fermented TMR can increase the dry matter intake of low-production cows and the feed digestibility of the replacement cattle, enhance the immunity and the anti-toxin capability of the replacement cattle, improve the body condition of the replacement cattle, accelerate the growth of the replacement cattle and raise the reproductive rate; and the service life of the fermented TMR is prolonged.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fermentation TMR, particularly relate to a kind of 7-13 monthly age replacement cattle fermentation TMR daily ration and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Fermentation TMR is a kind of novel TMR daily ration, refer to according to Different groups or the lactation stage milk cow nutritional need, by design proportion, the roughages such as ensiling, straw are cut into certain-length, and and after the additives such as concentrated feed and various mineral matter, vitamin fully mix, in the fermentation bag of packing into or wrap up in the method such as bag, create the yeasting of an anaerobism, through lactic acid fermented process, the daily ration of a kind of nutrition relative equilibrium that finally is modulated into.This fermentation mode by extensively approval and uses of World Developed Countries such as European Countries, the U.S. and Japan, has also begun to attempt using this fermentation mode in the areas such as Shanghai of China, and gradually its commercialization.
The fermentation TMR mode of feeding is compared with conventional TMR feeding manner, has certain advantage: at first be can be for the middle and small scale pasture provides the TMR daily ration, and reduce the input of the TMR equipment in middle and small scale pasture; In addition, can also not need to be equipped with nutrition technical staff and the maintenance management personnel of specialty; Next is that fermentation TMR can expand feed resource, improves the palatability of unconventional feed, improves the digestibility of feed and reduces feed cost; Etc..Therefore, for most of middle-size and small-size cattle farms and raiser, the advantage such as fermentation being of high nutritive value of TMR, good palatability, period of storage are long, will have very large development space future.Especially for the reserve milk cow, without all producing TMR every day, but can allow every replacement cattle have TMR.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of 7-13 monthly age replacement cattle fermentation TMR daily ration and preparation method thereof, this daily ration can increase the dry matter intake of low milking cow, improve digestive function, increase the feed digestibility of replacement cattle, promote stability and the rumen microorganism colony balance of replacement cattle rumen ph, strengthen replacement cattle immunity and antitoxin ability, reduce the generation of Nutrition and Metabolism disease, improve the replacement cattle body condition, accelerate the speed of growth of replacement cattle, improve breeding potential, expanded service life.
A kind of 7-13 monthly age replacement cattle fermentation TMR daily ration of the present invention comprises the component of following weight portion:
Described daily ration comprises the component of following weight portion:
Described daily ration comprises the component of following weight portion:
Described daily ration comprises the component of following weight portion:
Described daily ration comprises the component of following weight portion:
Described daily ration comprises the component of following weight portion:
Described replacement cattle fermentation TMR premix comprises:
The preparation method of a kind of 7-13 monthly age replacement cattle fermentation TMR daily ration of the present invention comprises:
(1) component of the following weight portion of adding in the TMR mixer: rice straw silage 100-300 part, corn stalk 200-400 part, Alfalfa 30-80 part, tealeaves particle 30-70 part, brewex's grains 150-240 part, barley 50-100 part, palm kernel meal 20-80 part, sauce grain 15-50 part, straw 50-100 part, molasses 10-40 part and replacement cattle fermentation TMR premix 5-20 part; Moisture is adjusted to 45%-55%, stirs;
(2) raw material after the above-mentioned stirring is packed in the fermentation bag, extract an air in the bag out with vavuum pump, finish after tightening the sack sealing;
(3) fermentation and get final product after 10～100 days.
Described step (1) Raw throw in principle follow do afterwards first wet, thick first after essence, short after long first, the first light rear principle that weighs.
Vacuumize rear density requirements in the described step (2) and reach 500-800kg/m
3
The present invention it should be noted that at whipping process charging can not expire very much, stays certain agitation cycle space.Must to leaving at least 20% free space in the cabinet, be used for the circulation stirring of feed during efficient the mixing.Avoid " arch bridge " phenomenon occurring, namely feed does not have circulation stirring, all takes on the secondary screw feeder.The load of screw feeder is increased, thereby chain is easily broken.Amount of agitation can not can not be lower than 50% of volume very little, otherwise also stirs insufficient.
Mixing time of the present invention in the ordinary course of things, is mixed 3～6min after last a kind of feedstuff adds again, avoids over-mixed.
Spreading of the present invention requires evenly.When discharging, to note the material belt of starting discharging first, after the bin gate of starting discharging; When stopping discharging, close first Dump gate, close again the discharging belt, can prevent that like this feed is deposited in the discharging doorway, and will note the spreading uniformity, avoid ox only disorderly to fight for.
Fermentation bag of the present invention is the polyethylene vacuum packaging bag, and wide is 1～3m, and length is 1～3m, and height is 3～10m.Fermentation bag is larger, and the feed that fills is more, relatively can reduce some costs; But fermentation bag is too large, and transportation is trouble relatively more, and fermentation bag is easily damaged.
The fermentation time of raw material of the present invention is 10～100 days, and TMR is through after a while fermentation, can be so that being of high nutritive value of daily ration, good palatability, period of storage are long.
Straw of the present invention can be replaced by straw or beanstalk.Straw is the accessory substance of agricultural production, whenever be only the Wheat Straw that China will produce more than one hundred million tons, these straw are except part is used for industrial papermaking, fertilizer material, the life in the countryside energy, major part all directly incinerates in the field, this has not only wasted valuable resource, has more caused serious environmental pollution.Except containing a large amount of carbon elements, also contain nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur, silicon and various trace element, and be rich in the materials such as cellulose, protein in the straw, can be used as low milking cow fermentation TMR feed applications.
Molasses of the present invention are a kind of energy feedstuffs, and sugar content and contains the multiple nutritional components such as protein, natural mineral matter and vitamin generally between 40%-50%.The energy density of molasses is low than corn, but compare with starch digest and assimilate fast, good palatability and have price advantage.
Alfalfa of the present invention can use the Alfalfa of run-of-the-mill, can save like this feeding cost of replacement cattle.
Beneficial effect
Daily ration of the present invention can increase the dry matter intake of replacement cattle, improve digestive function, increase the feed digestibility of milk cow, promote stability and the rumen microorganism colony balance of replacement cattle rumen ph, strengthen replacement cattle immunity and antitoxin ability, reduce the generation of Nutrition and Metabolism disease, improve the replacement cattle body condition, improve breeding potential, prolong the milk cow useful life, make the replacement cattle raiser obtain maximum profit.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further set forth the present invention.Should be understood that these embodiment only to be used for explanation the present invention and be not used in and limit the scope of the invention.Should be understood that in addition those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications the present invention after the content of having read the present invention's instruction, these equivalent form of values fall within the application's appended claims limited range equally.
The raw material of respectively organizing among the embodiment is feed grade, and is conventional commercially available prod partly, and information is as follows:
Rice straw silage: Shanghai ancient cooking vessel ox feed corporation,Ltd
Corn stalk: Shanghai ancient cooking vessel ox feed corporation,Ltd
Alfalfa: Shanghai ancient cooking vessel ox feed corporation,Ltd
Tealeaves particle: Shanghai ancient cooking vessel ox feed corporation,Ltd
Brewex's grains: Shanghai ancient cooking vessel ox feed corporation,Ltd
Barley: Shanghai ancient cooking vessel ox feed corporation,Ltd
Palm kernel meal: Shanghai ancient cooking vessel ox feed corporation,Ltd
Sauce grain: Shanghai ancient cooking vessel ox feed corporation,Ltd
Straw: Shanghai ancient cooking vessel ox feed corporation,Ltd
Molasses: Shanghai Meng Texin animal husbandry Co., Ltd
Replacement cattle fermentation TMR premix: Shanghai ancient cooking vessel ox feed corporation,Ltd
Embodiment 1
A kind of replacement cattle fermentation TMR daily ration comprises the component of following weight portion:
Above-mentioned fermentation TMR raw material is joined in the vertical TMR mixer, moisture is adjusted to 50%, stir; Reinstall in the polyethylene film polybag, extract air in the bag out with vavuum pump, density requirements reaches 500-800kg/m
3, tighten and finish after sack seals; After fermenting 15 days, get final product feeding heavy milk producing cows.
Embodiment 2
A kind of replacement cattle fermentation TMR daily ration comprises the component of following weight portion:
Above-mentioned fermentation TMR raw material is joined in the vertical TMR mixer, moisture is adjusted to 45%, stir; Reinstall in the polyethylene film polybag, extract air in the bag out with vavuum pump, density requirements reaches 500-800kg/m
3, tighten and finish after sack seals; After fermenting 30 days, get final product feeding heavy milk producing cows.
Embodiment 3
A kind of replacement cattle fermentation TMR daily ration comprises the component of following weight portion:
Above-mentioned fermentation TMR raw material is joined in the vertical TMR mixer, moisture is adjusted to 55%, stir; Reinstall in the polyethylene film polybag, extract air in the bag out with vavuum pump, density requirements reaches 500-800kg/m
3, tighten and finish after sack seals; After fermenting 70 days, get final product feeding heavy milk producing cows.
Embodiment 4
A kind of replacement cattle fermentation TMR daily ration comprises the component of following weight portion:
Above-mentioned fermentation TMR raw material is joined in the vertical TMR mixer, moisture is adjusted to 50%, stir; Reinstall in the polyethylene film polybag, extract air in the bag out with vavuum pump, density requirements reaches 500-800kg/m
3, tighten and finish after sack seals; After fermenting 100 days, get final product feeding heavy milk producing cows.
Embodiment 1 effect
The specific embodiment one: use the fermentation raw material of embodiment 1 to test in the pasture.
Lab analysis: will ferment 0 day with 15 days Wheat Straw fermentation TMR sampling of fermentation, detect, the detection index is dry, crude protein, crude fat, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and ash content.
So the initial data that detects is carried out statistical analysis with SPSS17.0.The result shows, 0 day Wheat Straw of the Wheat Straw fermentation TMR feed ratio fermentation fermentation TMR feed dry reduction by 0.7% of fermenting 15 days, and crude protein improves 0.4%, crude fat significantly improves 0.33%, neutral detergent fiber reduces by 2%, and neutral detergent fiber improves 2.2%, and ash content does not change.
The holstein cow replacement cattle that 9 monthly ages are healthy, upgrowth situation is good that pasture 24 cephalothoraxs enclose, height is suitable with body weight is selected in test, is divided at random two groups, 12 every group.The bulk storage formula is raised, and freely drinks water.
Test method: test group and control group all are the fermentation TMR Diet Formulas with embodiment 1,0 day feed of control group fed embodiment 1 fermentation, the test group rear 15 days feed of embodiment 1 fermentation of feeding.Feed daytime 3 times, night, supplementary feeding was 1 time.Second day is collected, weighing residual feed amount.Regularly measure respectively chest measurement, height, body length and the body weight of every replacement cattle every day, survey tool: chest measurement, height and body length are measured with leather measuring tape, the body weight electronic scale.10 days preliminary trial periods, just trying 30 days phases.
The initial data of all measurements is carried out statistical analysis by SPSS17.0.Result of the test shows, 0 day the TMR feed of Wheat Straw fermentation TMR feed ratio fermentation after 15 days of ferment, and replacement cattle is every remarkable height 4.98% of daily feed intake on average.The control group replacement cattle at chest measurement, height, body aspect the long and body weight all obviously greater than control group (the results are shown in Table 1).
Table 1 is fed, and Wheat Straw fermentation TMR grows 9 monthly age calf chest measurements, height, body and the impact of body weight
Embodiment 2 effects
The holstein cow replacement cattle that 12 monthly ages are healthy, upgrowth situation is good that test pasture 50 cephalothoraxs enclose, height is suitable with body weight is selected in test, is divided at random two groups, 25 every group.The bulk storage formula is raised, and freely drinks water.
Test method: test group and control group all are the fermentation TMR Diet Formulas with embodiment 2,0 day feed of control group fed embodiment 2 fermentations, the test group rear 30 days feed of embodiment 2 fermentations of feeding.Feed daytime 3 times, night, supplementary feeding was 1 time.Second day is collected, weighing residual feed amount.Regularly measure respectively chest measurement, height, body length and the body weight of every replacement cattle every day, survey tool: chest measurement, height and body length are measured with leather measuring tape, the body weight electronic scale.10 days preliminary trial periods, just trying 30 days phases.
The initial data of all measurements is carried out statistical analysis by SPSS17.0.Result of the test shows, 0 day the TMR feed of Wheat Straw fermentation TMR feed ratio fermentation after 30 days of ferment, and replacement cattle is every remarkable height 2.58% of daily feed intake on average.The control group replacement cattle at chest measurement, height, body aspect the long and body weight all obviously greater than control group (the results are shown in Table 2).
Table 2 is fed, and Wheat Straw fermentation TMR grows 14 monthly age calf chest measurements, height, body and the impact of body weight
In sum: the content of test group crude protein, crude fat and ADF is higher than control group among every embodiment, and the content of test group DM and NDF is lower than control group, but coarse ash does not change; And the effective degradation rate of the dry of test group, crude protein, ADF and NDF is higher than control group.All to be higher than control group on the feed intake of test group, chest measurement, height, body length and the body weight, increase weight with the obvious advantage.
Claims (10)
1. 7-13 monthly age replacement cattle fermentation TMR daily ration comprises the component of following weight portion:
Described replacement cattle fermentation TMR premix comprises:
The preparation method comprises:
(1) component of the following weight portion of adding in the TMR mixer: rice straw silage 100-300 part, corn stalk 200-400 part, Alfalfa 30-80 part, tealeaves particle 30-70 part, brewex's grains 150-240 part, barley 50-100 part, palm kernel meal 20-80 part sauce grain 15-50 part, straw 50-100 part, molasses 10-40 part and replacement cattle fermentation TMR premix 5-20 part; Moisture is adjusted to 45%-55%, stirs;
(2) raw material after the above-mentioned stirring is packed in the fermentation bag, extract an air in the bag out with vavuum pump, finish after tightening the sack sealing;
(3) fermentation and get final product after 10～100 days.
2. a kind of 7-13 monthly age replacement cattle fermentation TMR daily ration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described daily ration comprises the component of following weight portion:
3. a kind of 7-13 monthly age replacement cattle fermentation TMR daily ration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described daily ration comprises the component of following weight portion:
4. a kind of 7-13 monthly age replacement cattle fermentation TMR daily ration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described daily ration comprises the component of following weight portion:
5. a kind of 7-13 monthly age replacement cattle fermentation TMR daily ration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described daily ration comprises the component of following weight portion:
6. a kind of 7-13 monthly age replacement cattle fermentation TMR daily ration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described daily ration comprises the component of following weight portion:
7. the described a kind of 7-13 monthly age replacement cattle fermentation TMR daily ration of arbitrary claim according to claim 1-6, it is characterized in that: described rice straw silage uses straw or beanstalk to replace.
8. the preparation method of 7-13 monthly age replacement cattle fermentation TMR daily ration comprises:
(1) component of the following weight portion of adding in the TMR mixer: rice straw silage 100-300 part, corn stalk 200-400 part, Alfalfa 30-80 part, tealeaves particle 30-70 part, brewex's grains 150-240 part, barley 50-100 part, palm kernel meal 20-80 part sauce grain 15-50 part, straw 50-100 part, molasses 10-40 part and replacement cattle fermentation TMR premix 5-20 part; Moisture is adjusted to 45%-55%, stirs;
(2) raw material after the above-mentioned stirring is packed in the fermentation bag, extract an air in the bag out with vavuum pump, finish after tightening the sack sealing;
(3) fermentation and get final product after 10～100 days.
9. the preparation method of a kind of 7-13 monthly age replacement cattle fermentation TMR daily ration according to claim 8 is characterized in that: described raw material throw in principle follow do afterwards first wet, thick first after essence, short after long first, the first light rear principle that weighs; Mixed again 3～6 minutes after last a kind of raw material adds, avoid over-mixed.
10. the preparation method of a kind of 7-13 monthly age replacement cattle fermentation TMR daily ration according to claim 8, it is characterized in that: described step (2) vacuumizes rear density requirements and reaches 500-800kg/m
3
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| CN103504150A (en) * | 2013-09-23 | 2014-01-15 | 广西桂果食品有限公司 | Method for preparing cattle feed with processing leftovers of canned sweet corn |
| CN109452474B (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2021-11-02 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Mutton sheep fattening FTMR based on micro-storage straws and preparation method |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1486621A (en) * | 2003-07-25 | 2004-04-07 | 杨 静 | Feed and its production process |
| CN1557181A (en) * | 2004-02-05 | 2004-12-29 | 刘京发 | Straw fodder and its making method |
| CN101744146A (en) * | 2009-12-23 | 2010-06-23 | 上海市奶牛研究所 | Fermented type full-value nutritious diet for dairy cattle and preparing method thereof |
| CN101999552A (en) * | 2010-12-08 | 2011-04-06 | 上海市奶牛研究所 | TMR (total mixed ration) fermented feed taking rice grass as raw material for replacement dairy cows and preparation method thereof |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1486621A (en) * | 2003-07-25 | 2004-04-07 | 杨 静 | Feed and its production process |
| CN1557181A (en) * | 2004-02-05 | 2004-12-29 | 刘京发 | Straw fodder and its making method |
| CN101744146A (en) * | 2009-12-23 | 2010-06-23 | 上海市奶牛研究所 | Fermented type full-value nutritious diet for dairy cattle and preparing method thereof |
| CN101999552A (en) * | 2010-12-08 | 2011-04-06 | 上海市奶牛研究所 | TMR (total mixed ration) fermented feed taking rice grass as raw material for replacement dairy cows and preparation method thereof |
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