CN102177337A - 风力涡轮机叶片载荷传感器 - Google Patents
风力涡轮机叶片载荷传感器 Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/0004—Force transducers adapted for mounting in a bore of the force receiving structure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D1/06—Rotors
- F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D1/06—Rotors
- F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
- F03D1/0658—Arrangements for fixing wind-engaging parts to a hub
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
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- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2260/00—Function
- F05B2260/80—Diagnostics
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/80—Devices generating input signals, e.g. transducers, sensors, cameras or strain gauges
- F05B2270/808—Strain gauges; Load cells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/18—Measuring force or stress, in general using properties of piezo-resistive materials, i.e. materials of which the ohmic resistance varies according to changes in magnitude or direction of force applied to the material
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/20—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress
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Abstract
提供一种风力涡轮机转子叶片根部载荷传感器。所述载荷传感器被构置成居内地安装在风力涡轮机转子叶片的根部部分的嵌入件内。所述载荷传感器包括载体部件,所述载体部件被构置成固定地连接到所述嵌入件,使得载荷可以在所述载体部件与所述嵌入件之间传递。所述载荷传感器还包括由所述载体部件支承的检测元件。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种风力涡轮机转子叶片根部载荷传感器,尤其是被构置成安装在风力涡轮机转子叶片的根部部分的材料中的传感器。
背景技术
风力涡轮机转子叶片在风力涡轮机设备的运行过程中经受相当大水平的动态负载,在使用时转子叶片被连接到风力涡轮机设备上。不仅转子叶片绕着风力涡轮机设备的轮毂的轴线旋转使得由于转子叶片的重量导致的负载恒定地变化,而且风力涡轮机设备由于施加在其上的风力负载变化而承受显著变化的力。
各个叶片的浆距可以根据需要变化,以例如提高在特定风力条件小由转子叶片产生的升力。也需要控制叶片的浆距以使例如在狂风期间叶片可能经受的极端载荷的影响最小。
在运行期间转子叶片可被监控以在施加在其上的空气动力学力和重力两个方面跟踪每个相应叶片和轮毂经受的负载。
风力涡轮机设备的结构健康监控也可在负载作用在转子叶片上时进行。转子叶片经受的负载的历史记录可以被确定,并且该历史记录可以用于评估转子叶片的疲劳寿命和当前结构状况,从而可以避免叶片的故障。
传统地,监控是通过将载荷传感器放置在转子叶片的外壳的表面上进行的。传感器可以安装在外壳的外表面上,在这种情况下,传感器暴露于环境并且因而可能经受损坏。替代地,传感器可被放置在外壳的内表面上,在此它们将不受环境的影响。但是,以这种方式设置的传感器仍然可能在风力涡轮机的维修过程中被损坏。而且,精确放置传感器是难于实现的,并且这种不精确可能导致错误的数据被收集。
发明内容
需要提供一种克服一些上述缺点的传感器,从而提高转子叶片经受的载荷的监控的准确性。
根据第一方面,本发明提供一种风力涡轮机转子叶片根部载荷传感器,所述载荷传感器被构置成居内地安装在风力涡轮机转子的根部部分的嵌入件内,所述载荷传感器包括:
载体部件,所述载体部件被构置成固定地连接到所述嵌入件,使得载荷可以在所述载体部件与所述嵌入件之间传递;以及
由所述载体部件支承的检测元件。
通过提供可安装在转子叶片本身的材料中尤其是通常由高刚度材料制成的嵌入件中的载荷传感器,可以进行准确的载荷监控。传感器的放置变得是可预知的并且是准确的,以及检测元件被有效地保护,从而防止载荷传感器的损坏。
检测元件可以被嵌入在载体部件中,从而实现保护所述检测元件。载体部件可以是大体圆柱形的。替代地,载体部件可以是大体逐渐变细的。载体部件的外表面可以包括带螺纹的部分,从而能够在传感器与所述传感器位于其中的嵌入件之间实现稳固的连接。结果,可以采集准确的测量值。
根据第二方面,本发明提供一种风力涡轮机转子叶片,包括根部部分和从所述根部部分延伸的末梢部分,其中,所述根部部分包括嵌入件,所述嵌入件被构置成接收固定部件以便将所述转子叶片固定到转子轮毂上,其中,所述嵌入件被构置成接收如上所述的载荷传感器,以检测所述转子叶片的所述根部部分经受的载荷。
如上所述风力涡轮机转子叶片可以与如上所述的载荷传感器组合地被提供。载荷传感器可以被固定地安装在所述嵌入件中,例如通过粘结或摩擦配合。替代地,载荷传感器可以被可取下地安装在所述嵌入件中,例如使用螺纹连接。
根据第三方面,本发明提供一种风力涡轮机设备,包括:
塔架;
安装在所述塔架顶部的轮毂;以及
如上所述类型的风力涡轮机转子叶片,所述风力涡轮机转子叶片通过至少一个螺栓连接到所述轮毂,所述至少一个螺栓与所述嵌入件接合。
附图说明
将结合附图通过示例对本发明进行更详细的描述,其中:
图1显示了风力涡轮机转子叶片的一部分,其具有安装在其中的载荷传感器;
图2显示了从根部端看的风力涡轮机转子叶片;以及
图3显示了载荷传感器的另一种实施例。
具体实施方式
图1显示了连接到轮毂10的转子叶片5的一部分。转子叶片5通常由复合材料制成,复合材料不具备在其中形成带内螺纹的孔以接收诸如螺栓15的固定装置的合适特性。为了克服这种结构完整性的缺乏,已知的是在转子叶片5的根部部分中设置嵌入件20。传统的嵌入件20一般由诸如钢的金属制成,但是也可以使用具有合适刚度和机加工性能的其它材料。
在该实施例中,孔25形成在改进的嵌入件20’中以接收螺栓15。孔25的一部分30被形成有内螺纹,从而形成带螺纹部分以便与螺栓15的对应带螺纹部分相互配合。
凹部35形成在孔25中。凹部35设置有另外的带内螺纹部分40,使得传感器50可以设置并且固定在其中。
传感器50包括载体部件55和嵌入载体部件55中的检测元件60。载体部件55可以由与嵌入件相同的材料例如诸如钢的金属制成。替代地,可以使用具有足够刚度特性的塑性材料。在该实施例中,载体部件55大体是圆柱形的,具有圆形横截面,但是载体部件55可以是逐渐变细的或者以其它方式不同地构置。载体部件55的外表面设置有螺纹,以便与凹部35的带螺纹部分40配合。键槽65形成在载体部件55的一个端部,以便通过将工具放置在键槽65中并且转动传感器50使得对应的螺纹互锁,从而使传感器50能够被***凹部35中。载体部件55能够另外地或者替代地被粘结在位(即,使用粘合剂),或者可以在载体部件55与凹部35之间实现摩擦配合连接。
通过在载体部件55与嵌入件20之间提供稳固的连接,由转子叶片5经受并且传递到嵌入件20的任何负载被直接传递到载体部件55,以便由检测元件60检测。
缆线70连接到检测元件60,以便将由检测元件60产生的信号传送到控制器(未示出)。螺栓15设置有内孔75,在使用时内孔75容纳缆线70使得它可以从转子叶片5伸出。电缆也可以途径内孔75以便给传感器50供电。
图2显示了转子叶片5的根部部分。绕着根部部分设置有多个嵌入件20。每个嵌入件20被构置成接收诸如螺栓的固定装置。标有虚线圆的位置表示被构置成接收传感器50的改进的嵌入件20’。在该实施例中,每个转子叶片5设置有四个传感器50,以使拍打方向和尾缘方向的弯曲载荷可被监控。但是,应注意的是,可以设置更少的传感器,或者当然可以设置更多数目的传感器50,以便在检测元件60中的一个或多个出现故障时实现冗余和/或建立转子叶片5的根部所经受的负载的更全面的表示。
载荷检测元件60可以通过电阻应变计、光纤应变计或任何其它已知的应变检测方法提供。
在上述实施例中,检测元件60通过在螺栓15的内孔75中延伸的缆线70与控制器连通。但是,如图3所示,缆线70’可以嵌入在转子叶片5中,在转子叶片5的外壳的内表面45与凹部35之间延伸。缆线70’可以在凹部35处设置有接触表面,使得检测元件60可以通过缆线70’连通到安装在转子叶片5的内表面45上的通信模块80。替代地,通信模块80可以嵌入在转子叶片5的复合材料中。缆线可以随后连接到通信模块80并且延伸到控制器。电能仍然可以通过途径螺栓15的内孔75的电缆被供给,或者替代地电缆可以沿着缆线70’排布。
在替代实施例中,检测元件60与控制器之间的通信可以通过直接与检测元件60或与通信模块80的无线连接来实现。电能优选地通过缆线70,70’被输送到检测元件,但是替代地电能可以通过使用能量收集机(power scavenger)来提供,能量收集机从转子叶片自身的运动或通过电磁辐射产生能量。
已经参照具体示例和实施例描述了本发明。但是应理解的是,本发明不局限于公开在这里的特定示例,而是可以在本发明范围内并且根据权利要求进行设计和修改。
Claims (12)
1.一种风力涡轮机转子叶片根部载荷传感器,所述载荷传感器被构置成居内地安装在风力涡轮机转子的根部部分的嵌入件内,所述载荷传感器包括:
载体部件,所述载体部件被构置成固定地连接到所述嵌入件,使得载荷可以在所述载体部件与所述嵌入件之间传递;以及
由所述载体部件支承的检测元件。
2.如权利要求1所述的载荷传感器,其特征在于,所述检测元件被嵌入在所述载体部件中。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的载荷传感器,其特征在于,所述载体部件是大体圆柱形的。
4.如上述任一权利要求所述的载荷传感器,其特征在于,所述载体部件的外表面包括带螺纹的部分。
5.如上述任一权利要求所述的载荷传感器,其特征在于,所述检测元件是电阻应变计。
6.一种风力涡轮机转子叶片,包括根部部分和从所述根部部分延伸的末梢部分,其中,所述根部部分包括嵌入件,所述嵌入件被构置成接收固定部件以便将所述转子叶片固定到转子轮毂上,其中,所述嵌入件被构置成接收如上述任一权利要求所述的载荷传感器,以检测所述转子叶片的所述根部部分经受的载荷。
7.如权利要求6所述的风力涡轮机转子叶片,其特征在于,所述风力涡轮机转子叶片与如权利要求1-5任一所述的载荷传感器组合。
8.如权利要求7所述的风力涡轮机转子叶片,其特征在于,所述载荷传感器被固定地安装在所述嵌入件中。
9.如权利要求8所述的风力涡轮机转子叶片,其特征在于,所述载荷传感器被粘结到所述嵌入件上。
10.如权利要求7所述的风力涡轮机转子叶片,其特征在于,所述载荷传感器被可取下地安装在所述嵌入件中。
11.一种风力涡轮机设备,包括:
塔架;
安装在所述塔架顶部的轮毂;以及
如权利要求6或7所述的风力涡轮机转子叶片,所述风力涡轮机转子叶片通过至少一个螺栓连接到所述轮毂,所述至少一个螺栓与所述嵌入件接合。
12.一种大体如这里参照附图所描述的风力涡轮机转子叶片根部载荷传感器。
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB0819988A GB2464961A (en) | 2008-10-31 | 2008-10-31 | Internally mounted load sensor for wind turbine rotor blade |
GB0819988.7 | 2008-10-31 | ||
US12/357,891 | 2009-01-22 | ||
US12/357,891 US8100660B2 (en) | 2008-10-31 | 2009-01-22 | Wind turbine blade load sensor |
PCT/GB2009/051455 WO2010049736A1 (en) | 2008-10-31 | 2009-10-29 | Wind turbine blade load sensor |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN102177337A true CN102177337A (zh) | 2011-09-07 |
CN102177337B CN102177337B (zh) | 2013-11-20 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CN2009801400051A Expired - Fee Related CN102177337B (zh) | 2008-10-31 | 2009-10-29 | 风力涡轮机叶片载荷传感器 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8100660B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2350453B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN102177337B (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2751935T3 (zh) |
GB (1) | GB2464961A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2010049736A1 (zh) |
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- 2009-10-29 CN CN2009801400051A patent/CN102177337B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-10-29 ES ES09760282T patent/ES2751935T3/es active Active
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Cited By (8)
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CN103047078A (zh) * | 2011-10-14 | 2013-04-17 | 通用电气公司 | 确定是否将尖端特征安装到风力涡轮机转子叶片上的方法 |
CN107110128A (zh) * | 2014-12-23 | 2017-08-29 | 维斯塔斯风力***集团公司 | 操作风力涡轮机的方法 |
CN107110128B (zh) * | 2014-12-23 | 2019-04-19 | 维斯塔斯风力***集团公司 | 操作风力涡轮机的方法 |
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CN106949826A (zh) * | 2015-09-25 | 2017-07-14 | 通用电气公司 | 识别涡轮机中的轮叶变形 |
CN109653945A (zh) * | 2017-10-12 | 2019-04-19 | 中车株洲电力机车研究所有限公司 | 一种风力发电机组降载方法及*** |
CN109653945B (zh) * | 2017-10-12 | 2021-08-06 | 中车株洲电力机车研究所有限公司 | 一种风力发电机组降载方法及*** |
CN110410283A (zh) * | 2019-07-29 | 2019-11-05 | 浙江未来技术研究院(嘉兴) | 一种螺栓或螺母紧固状态监测方法及*** |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US8100660B2 (en) | 2012-01-24 |
GB2464961A (en) | 2010-05-05 |
EP2350453B1 (en) | 2019-10-16 |
ES2751935T3 (es) | 2020-04-02 |
EP2350453A1 (en) | 2011-08-03 |
WO2010049736A1 (en) | 2010-05-06 |
GB0819988D0 (en) | 2008-12-10 |
US20090129925A1 (en) | 2009-05-21 |
CN102177337B (zh) | 2013-11-20 |
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