CN102172975A - Mould for preparing ceramic cartridge and method for preparing ceramic cartridge by utilizing same - Google Patents
Mould for preparing ceramic cartridge and method for preparing ceramic cartridge by utilizing same Download PDFInfo
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- CN102172975A CN102172975A CN 201110040068 CN201110040068A CN102172975A CN 102172975 A CN102172975 A CN 102172975A CN 201110040068 CN201110040068 CN 201110040068 CN 201110040068 A CN201110040068 A CN 201110040068A CN 102172975 A CN102172975 A CN 102172975A
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Abstract
The invention particularly relates to a mould for preparing a ceramic cartridge and a using method thereof, and the mould is characterized by comprising a chassis provided with an outer mould positioning and fixing groove and an inner mould positioning and fixing groove, an outer mould formed by two semicircles with conicity at the upper parts of outer walls, a cylindrical inner mould of which the upper part is provided with a circular positioning hole, a fastening ring, two disks and a circular shaft, wherein the conicity of the inner circle of the fastening ring is the same with that of the outer circle at the upper part of the outer mould; the diameter of the outer circle of each disk is the same with the outer diameter of the top of the outer mould, and a step-like inner hole is arranged at the center of each disk; the diameter of the circular shaft is in movable fit with the positioning hole at the upper part of the inner mould; and the two disks comprise the upper-layer disk and the lower-layer disk. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps: 1) preparation of material slurry; 2) mould closing; 3) pouring; 4) demoulding and cutting of a gel billet; 5) shape control and drying; and 6) shape control and sintering. The invention has the following advantages: 1) the product quality is good, and the qualification rate is high; 2) energy is saved, the consumption is reduced, and environmental pollution is small; and 3) the investment cost is low, and the production efficiency is high.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Inorganic Non-metallic Materials preparation method and particular manufacturing craft field thereof, be specifically related to a kind of mould and using method thereof for preparing ceramic cartridge.
Background technology
Vacuum switch tube mainly should have on electrical network and electrical equipment, belongs to the high security product, in case lost efficacy, will have serious consequences to the person, equipment, electrical network.Ceramic cartridge is the enclose components of vacuum switch tube, requires very strict to its profile and inherent quality.Ceramic cartridge outer surface commonly used has two kinds of bellows-shaped and smooth form, and the former is called the ripple ceramic shell, and the latter is called straight tube ceramic cartridge.At present, domestic hot die-casting method and the effective ceramic cartridges of two kinds of technology suitability for industrialized production of isostatic pressing method vacuum switch of adopting more, technology is comparative maturity.Comparatively speaking, the hot die-casting method equipment investment is less, and moulding process is simple relatively, also comparative maturity, and domestic many units all adopt this explained hereafter 95%Al
2O
3Ceramic cartridge.But this technology is handled at raw material, in wax material slurry preparation, hot die-casting molding and the de-waxing biscuiting process power consumption higher, and the de-waxing process easily causes the distortion of shell circularity, and produces large quantity of exhaust gas and pollute.Simultaneously, lower because high solid loading wax material slurry preparation difficulty is used alumina powder raw material granularity thick (about 5 μ m) usually in same sintering temperature lower volume density, be generally 3.6g/cm
3In recent years, for improving the ceramic cartridge quality, domesticly also begin to adopt in a large number isostatic pressing method to make high pressure resistant ceramic cartridge, this technology can be used superfine alumina powder (about 2 μ m), by carrying out cold isostatic compaction hollow cylinder crude green body behind the mist projection granulating, again the biscuit machining of crude green body or biscuiting is gone out the base substrate of precise measure.The porcelain body quality that isostatic pressing method is produced is good, and density can reach 3.7g/cm
3More than.But this method equipment investment expense height, the technical process relative complex, production efficiency is low, and cost height, particularly base substrate can produce a large amount of dust pollution and wastage of material in machining.
Earlier 1990s, organic slip gel-casting forming technique (U.S Patent 4894194 of ceramic body has successively invented in U.S. Oak Ridge National Key Laboratory, 1990) and aqueous slurries gel-casting forming technique (U.S Patent5028362,1991).Comparatively speaking, aqueous slurries is solvent with water, not only cost is low, low in the pollution of the environment, and because the invention of multiple efficient water soluble dispersant application in recent years, be easy to make the slip of high ceramic powder volume component, therefore get more and more people's extensive concerning, and obtained successful Application in some field.This technology can form the organic monomer of gelinite and crosslinking agent and water and be mixed with premixed liquid, with be mixed with ceramic slurry after ceramic powder mixes, be poured in the mould of ne-leakage and make it in-situ polymerization under certain condition, form the gelinite of cross key structure and make the ceramic body typing, therefore applicable to the precise forming of the ceramic body of various complexity and simple shape.But when preparing ceramic cartridge with this technology, the gel base substrate dehydrate with the sintering densification process in the circularity distortion takes place easily, waste product appears.In fact, when hot die-casting method and isostatic cool pressing legal system are equipped with ceramic cartridge, because the circularity distortion also is one of major defect that causes loss due to spoiled work.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of control ceramic cartridge gel base substrate dehydrate with sintering process in the circularity distortion the preparation ceramic cartridge mould and utilize this mould to prepare the method for ceramic cartridge, but annotate method one-shot forming with fixed attention with aqueous slurries and go out ceramic cartridge base substrate and corresponding control shape support blank, ceramic cartridge profile and inherent quality with the preparation of this method are good, and can reduce production costs, reduce waste gas and dust pollution, raising product percent of pass.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solution:
It is a kind of mould for preparing ceramic cartridge, it is characterized in that chassis by the circle that is provided with external mold positioning and fixing groove, internal mold positioning and fixing groove, inwall is the external mold that corrugated, outer wall top have the two semicircles composition of tapering, the cylindric internal mold of one circular locating hole is arranged at top, female cone degree and the identical dead ring of external mold top cylindrical tapering, two disks that outside diameter is identical with the outer mold top overall diameter, the center is step-like endoporus, diameter and internal mold top locating hole circular shaft is movingly formed, and described two disks comprise upper strata disk and lower floor's disk.
Each parts of mould select for use the airtight durable materials of rigidity such as metal material such as steel, aluminium alloy, copper alloy to make.
The inwall of external mold and the surface of internal mold need polishing, and polishing back roughness is not less than Ra0.5 μ m, so that can obtain the gel base substrate of any surface finish.
The inwall of external mold is smooth straight-tube shape or corrugated.
The each several part mating surface of mould of the present invention is smooth smooth, guarantees that slip is unlikely to spill from mating surface.
A kind of method of utilizing the described mould of claim 1 to prepare ceramic cartridge is characterized in that comprising the steps:
1) slip is prepared
But water base ceramic slurry according to technological requirement preparation gelation;
2) matched moulds
Earlier external mold and internal mold are embedded base respectively, and with dead ring with the external mold banding, then two disc stack are placed in the upper surface of external mold, keep its external diameter dislocation-free, then circular shaft is inserted the locating hole of internal mold;
3) cast
Load weighted ceramic slurry slowly is poured into mould along circular shaft, flows into the die cavity bottom, and slowly rising is full of die cavity by internal mold upper surface and side;
4) demoulding and cutting gel base substrate
After ceramic slurry solidifies, extract circular shaft earlier, open the upper strata disk, go out one with blade cuts and support control shape gel base substrate, open lower floor's disk again, go out second with blade cuts and support control shape gel base substrate, the middle part of two control shape support gel rubber base substrates is provided with the protrusion round platform, withdraw from base then, eject internal mold, withdraw from dead ring, open external mold, must be at shell gel base substrate, the upper and lower side of shell gel idiosome is provided with endoporus;
5) control shape drying
Shell gel base substrate and two control shape support gel rubber base substrates are combined, the protrusion round platform of two control shape support gel rubber base substrates is stuck in shell gel base substrate up and down in the endoporus, be positioned on the ventilative platform and in air, dehydrate naturally, no longer change until base substrate weight, should will with assurance control shape support gel rubber base substrate buckling deformation not take place more than the combination base substrate counter-rotating secondary in this process;
6) control shape sintering
The combinations thereof base substrate of finish-drying is opened, shell gel body drying is the shell base substrate, control shape support gel rubber body drying is control shape support blank, partly spills the high-purity schmigel of one deck anti-stick at shell base substrate and control shape support blank plane contact, requires purity Al
2O
3〉=99.9%, granularity 60～150 orders, thickness 0.1～0.3mm combines shell base substrate and control shape support blank then again, be placed on the refractory material flat board in the sintering furnace and carry out sintering, slowly heat up with the heating rate that is lower than 50 /h at 200～400, and at 600 insulation, 1～3h, thoroughly burn off organic matter, be warming up to 1500 ℃～1700 ℃ then, insulation 2～4h removes upper and lower control shape support blank after coming out of the stove, promptly obtain the ceramic cartridge product.
Ventilative platform is plasterboard or foamed ceramic panel.
Control shape dehydrates in air or thermal dehydration drying in baking oven and micro-wave oven when dry naturally.
Preparation method of the present invention and corresponding special combination mould can be produced ceramic cartridge easily, and its advantage mainly shows as:
1. but one-shot forming goes out with a material ceramic cartridge base substrate and two control shape support blank with density, combine when dehydrating with sintering densification, because support blank is difficult for being out of shape because of contraction in diametric(al), then limited of the distortion of shell base substrate in the circularity direction, the ceramic cartridge profile and the inherent quality of preparation are good, the product percent of pass height.
2. more energy-saving and cost-reducing than hot die-casting method, environmental pollution is little, and the operation process is simplified, and can use the superfine powder raw material, helps obtaining the high pressure resistant porcelain body of high-compactness.
3. lower than isostatic pressing method equipment investment expense, the production efficiency height can directly obtain the base substrate that high dimensional accuracy need not further machining, does not produce dust pollution.
Adopt special combination mould mentality of designing of the present invention,, also can realize the production of round, square type, complicated odd-shaped cross section shell shape pottery, good practical value is arranged by changing mould external mold inwall and internal mold shape.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of mould of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the base of mould of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is control shape of the present invention shell gel idiosome and control shape support gel rubber idiosome disposing way schematic diagram when dry.
As shown in FIG.: 1 base; 1-1 external mold positioning and fixing groove; 1-2 internal mold positioning and fixing groove; 2 external molds; 3 internal molds; 4 dead rings; 5-1 lower floor disk; 5-2 upper strata disk; 6 circular shafts; 7 is ventilative dull and stereotyped; 8 control shape support gel rubber base substrates; 9 shell gel base substrates.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1:95%Al
2O
3The preparation of ripple ceramic shell
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 each parts is assembled assembling die, its external mold 2 inwalls are the sine bellows shape.Number of assembling steps is as follows: earlier external mold 2 and internal mold 3 are embedded base 1 by external mold positioning and fixing groove 1-1, internal mold positioning and fixing groove 1-2 respectively, and with dead ring 4 with external mold 2 bandings, then upper strata disk 5-2, lower floor's disk 5-1 lamination are placed in the upper surface of external mold 2, keep its external diameter dislocation-free, then circular shaft 6 is inserted the locating hole of internal mold 3.
The inwall of external mold and the surface of internal mold need polishing, and polishing back roughness is not less than Ra0.5 μ m.
Preparation technology is as follows:
But prepare and take by weighing the gelation 95%Al that the 450ml solid content is 58vol%
2O
3Water base ceramic slurry slowly is poured into mould with slip along circular shaft 6, and by the upper surface and the inflow die cavity bottom, side of internal mold 3, and slowly rising is full of die cavity.Behind the gel solidification, extract circular shaft 6, open the upper strata disk 5-2 of the top, going out a gross thickness with thin blade cuts is that 8mm, median pore diameter are that Φ 16mm, overall diameter are Φ 115.5mm and have diameter protrudes round platform for Φ 97.6mm control shape support gel rubber base substrate 8, open the disk 5-1 of lower floor again, go out second unidimensional control shape support gel rubber base substrate 8 with thin blade cuts, withdraw from base 1 then, eject internal mold 3, withdraw from dead ring 4, open external mold 2, obtain mean outside diameter and be Φ 115.5mm, internal diameter and be Φ 97.5mm, highly be the ripple shell gel base substrate of 122mm.As shown in Figure 3, shell gel base substrate 9 and two control shape support gel rubber base substrates 8 are combined, the protrusion round platform of two control shape support gel rubber base substrates 8 is stuck in shell gel base substrate about in the of 9 in the endoporus, be positioned on ventilative dull and stereotyped (plasterboard) 7, in air, dehydrate 72h naturally, to make up the base substrate counter-rotating once every 8h in this process, buckling deformation not take place to guarantee control shape support gel rubber base substrate 8.Be placed on 80 ℃ of dry 8h in the baking oven again, no longer change to base substrate weight.The combinations thereof base substrate is opened, and control shape support gel rubber base substrate 8 dryings are control shape support blank, and shell gel base substrate 9 dryings are the shell base substrate, partly spill the purity Al of skim anti-stick at shell base substrate and control support blank plane contact
2O
3〉=99.9%, granularity 60 orders, the high-purity schmigel of thickness 0.1mm, reconfigure together, be placed on the refractory material flat board in the sintering furnace and carry out sintering, slowly heat up with the heating rate of 40 /h at 200～400, and at 600 insulation 2h, thoroughly the burn off organic matter is warming up to 1540 insulation 3h then, finishes the sintering densification of ceramic body.Remove upper and lower control shape after coming out of the stove and support idiosome 8, obtain internal diameter and be Φ 80.1mm, highly be 100.3mm, the about 7mm of average wall thickness, deviation from circular from 0.2%, bulk density 3.78g/cm
3, the flawless 95%Al of any surface finish
2O
3The ripple ceramic shell.
Embodiment 2:99%Al
2O
3The preparation of straight tube ceramic cartridge
Except that the external mold inwall was smooth straight-tube shape, other were with embodiment one during the present embodiment assembly jig.
Manufacture craft is as follows:
But prepare and take by weighing the gelation 99%Al that the 1200ml solid content is 62vol%
2O
3Water base ceramic slurry slowly is poured into mould along circular shaft 6, and by the upper surface and the inflow die cavity bottom, side of internal mold 3, and slowly rising is full of die cavity, leaves standstill 60 minutes, at room temperature gel solidification.Extract circular shaft 6, open upper strata disk 5-2, going out a gross thickness with thin blade cuts is that 10mm, median pore diameter are that Φ 20mm, overall diameter are Φ 240mm and have diameter protrudes round platform for Φ 219mm control shape support gel rubber base substrate, open the disk 5-1 of lower floor again, go out second unidimensional control shape support gel rubber base substrate with thin blade cuts, withdraw from base 1 then, eject internal mold 3, withdraw from dead ring 4, open external mold 2, obtain external diameter and be Φ 240mm, internal diameter and be Φ 220mm, highly be the straight bobbin shell gel base substrate 9 of 250mm.As shown in Figure 3: shell gel base substrate 9 and two control shape support gel rubber base substrates 8 are combined, the protrusion round platform of two control shape support gel rubber base substrates 8 is stuck in shell gel base substrate about in the of 9 in the endoporus, be positioned on ventilative dull and stereotyped (foamed ceramic panel) 7, in air, dehydrate 120h naturally, base substrate weight no longer changes, to make up the base substrate counter-rotating once every 16h in this process, to guarantee that buckling deformation does not take place control shape support gel rubber base substrate 8, control shape support gel rubber base substrate 8 is dry for controlling the shape support blank, shell gel base substrate 9 dryings are the shell base substrate, the combinations thereof base substrate is opened, partly spilt the purity Al of skim anti-stick at shell base substrate and control support blank plane contact
2O
3〉=99.9%, granularity 100 orders, the high-purity schmigel of thickness 0.2mm, reconfigure together, be placed on the refractory material flat board in the sintering furnace and carry out sintering, slowly heat up with the heating rate of 30 /h at 200～400, and at 600 insulation 3h, thoroughly the burn off organic matter is warming up to 1600 insulation 4h then, finishes the sintering densification of ceramic body.Remove upper and lower control shape supporter after coming out of the stove, obtain internal diameter and be Φ 180.5mm, highly be that 8.06mm, deviation from circular from are 0.4%, bulk density is 3.94g/cm for 201.2mm, wall thickness
3, the flawless 99%Al of any surface finish
2O
3Straight tube higfh-tension ceramics shell.
The embodiment of the invention is not limited to above embodiment, can be as sintering temperature according to the technological requirement choose reasonable between 1500 ℃～1700 ℃, sintering temperature can be between 2～4 hours choose reasonable.
Claims (6)
1. mould for preparing ceramic cartridge, it is characterized in that chassis by the circle that is provided with external mold positioning and fixing groove, internal mold positioning and fixing groove, outer wall top has the external mold of the two semicircles composition of tapering, the cylindric internal mold of one circular locating hole is arranged at top, female cone degree and the identical dead ring of external mold top cylindrical tapering, two disks that outside diameter is identical with the outer mold top overall diameter, the center is step-like endoporus, diameter and internal mold top locating hole circular shaft is movingly formed, and described two disks comprise upper strata disk and lower floor's disk.
2. the mould of preparation ceramic cartridge according to claim 1 is characterized in that the inwall of external mold and the surface of internal mold need polishing, and polishing back roughness is not less than Ra0.5 μ m.
3. the mould of preparation ceramic cartridge according to claim 1 and 2, the inwall that it is characterized in that external mold is smooth straight-tube shape or corrugated.
4. a method of utilizing the described mould of claim 1 to prepare ceramic cartridge is characterized in that comprising the steps:
1) slip is prepared
But water base ceramic slurry according to technological requirement preparation gelation;
2) matched moulds
Earlier external mold and internal mold are embedded base respectively, and with dead ring with the external mold banding, then two disc stack are placed in the upper surface of external mold, keep its external diameter dislocation-free, then circular shaft is inserted the locating hole of internal mold;
3) cast
Load weighted ceramic slurry slowly is poured into mould along circular shaft, flows into the die cavity bottom, and slowly rising is full of die cavity by internal mold upper surface and side;
4) demoulding and cutting gel base substrate
After ceramic slurry solidifies, extract circular shaft earlier, open the upper strata disk, go out one with blade cuts and support control shape gel base substrate, open lower floor's disk again, go out second with blade cuts and support control shape gel base substrate, the middle part of two control shape support gel rubber base substrates is provided with the protrusion round platform, withdraw from base then, eject internal mold, withdraw from dead ring, open external mold, must be at shell gel base substrate, the upper and lower side of shell gel idiosome is provided with endoporus;
5) control shape drying
Shell gel base substrate and two control shape support gel rubber base substrates are combined, the protrusion round platform of two control shape support gel rubber base substrates is stuck in shell gel base substrate up and down in the endoporus, be positioned on the ventilative platform and in air, dehydrate naturally, no longer change until base substrate weight, should will with assurance control shape support gel rubber base substrate buckling deformation not take place more than the combination base substrate counter-rotating secondary in this process;
6) control shape sintering
The combinations thereof base substrate of finish-drying is opened, shell gel body drying is the shell base substrate, control shape support gel rubber body drying is control shape support blank, partly spills the high-purity schmigel of one deck anti-stick at shell base substrate and control shape support blank plane contact, requires purity Al
2O
3〉=99.9%, granularity 60～150 orders, thickness 0.1～0.3mm combines shell base substrate and control shape support blank then again, be placed on the refractory material flat board in the sintering furnace and carry out sintering, slowly heat up with the heating rate that is lower than 50 /h at 200～400, and at 600 insulation, 1～3h, thoroughly burn off organic matter, be warming up to 1500 ℃～1700 ℃ then, insulation 2～4h removes upper and lower control shape support blank after coming out of the stove, promptly obtain the ceramic cartridge product.
5. preparation method according to claim 4 is characterized in that ventilative platform is plasterboard or foamed ceramic panel.
6. preparation method according to claim 4 dehydrates in air or thermal dehydration drying in baking oven and micro-wave oven when it is characterized in that controlling the shape drying naturally.
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| CN 201110040068 CN102172975A (en) | 2011-02-18 | 2011-02-18 | Mould for preparing ceramic cartridge and method for preparing ceramic cartridge by utilizing same |
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| CN 201110040068 CN102172975A (en) | 2011-02-18 | 2011-02-18 | Mould for preparing ceramic cartridge and method for preparing ceramic cartridge by utilizing same |
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| CN103934880A (en) * | 2014-03-07 | 2014-07-23 | 北京大学 | Integrated gel-casting manufacturing method of high-temperature ceramic material dot matrix laminboard |
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| CN104760124B (en) * | 2015-04-09 | 2016-09-07 | 咸阳陶瓷研究设计院 | The preparation method of a kind of desulfurization nozzle and shaped device thereof |
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| CN106285209A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-01-04 | 王振斌 | A kind of manufacture method of lock box of preventing fires |
| CN106671266A (en) * | 2017-01-14 | 2017-05-17 | 烟台大学 | Method and die for preparing long and thin ceramic pipe blank through alternated die pressing |
| CN106994759A (en) * | 2017-04-12 | 2017-08-01 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of ceramic impeller gel casting forming mould and its manufacture method |
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Application publication date: 20110907 |