CN102166580A - Method for recycling sorted resources from fragmentized waste refrigerators - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for recycling sorted resources from fragmentized waste refrigerators, and the method comprises the following steps: removing electric wires, a condenser, glass and a mercury converter in a waste refrigerator, carrying out extraction and storage treatment on refrigeration oil and refrigerants in the waste refrigerator, and removing a compressor in the waste refrigerator; and smashing the waste refrigerator into microscopic particles, and then carrying out static separation and eddy current separation on the obtained microscopic particles. The method provided by the invention has the advantages of high resources recovery rate, low secondary pollution and simple process.

Description

A kind of useless refrigerator cracking and sorting resource reutilization method

Technical field

The present invention relates to useless electronic apparatus recovery and treatment method, specifically a kind of useless refrigerator cracking and sorting resource reutilization method.

Background technology

Because useless refrigerator each several part reclaims the rank difference, realize that the parts recovery or the part of useless refrigerator reclaims, must at first effectively dismantle equipment, mainly comprise casing dismounting, compressor dismounting, refrigerant-recovery, plastics recovery etc.And be emphasis and difficult point place during useless refrigerator is handled for the recovery of cold-producing medium wherein.Generally adopt the method that reclaims cold-producing medium to comprise liquids recovery method, Steam Recovery method, circulation absorption method at present.Usually according to the difference of refrigerant-recovery target, the recovery method of employing is also different.It is fast that the refrigerant liquid absorption method reclaims speed, is particularly suitable for the bigger large-scale plant of refrigerant charge, but it reclaims cleanliness not as good as the steaming process height, and the device that is recovered not only has residual steam, and the liquid reservoir position also has residual liquid.After adopting the liquids recovery method, reclaim with the Steam Recovery method again, can improve the cleanliness of recovery, but the cost recovery height and the rate of recovery are lower, therefore be difficult to use in China.Because the special construction of waste refrigerators, the wherein existing metal that contains, contain multiple nonmetallic composite again, it is crushed to certain particle, the wearing and tearing of its cutter are quite serious, if use general purpose tool steel or steel alloy, not only wear no resistance, service life is short, also can influence equipment capacity and maintenance manufacturing cost, finally increases production cost.

Summary of the invention

Technical problem to be solved: the present invention is low to the resource recovery of existing treatment facility, can realize that the resource kind that reclaims is limited, the deficiency that the cost recovery of cold-producing medium is too high, a kind of useless refrigerator cracking and sorting resource reutilization method is provided, has economy, characteristics that industrialization level is high.

Technical scheme: a kind of useless refrigerator cracking and sorting resource reutilization method of the present invention, it is as follows to it is characterized in that method step comprises:

(1), electric wire, condenser, glass, mercury converter in the refrigerator that will give up remove, refrigeration oil in the refrigerator that will give up again and cold-producing medium extract and store, and split out compressor in the useless refrigerator;

(2), the useless refrigerator after step (1) dismounting is carried out the powerful pulverizing of middle rank, make pulverizing back grain diameter maintain 5mm, carry out cyclonic separation, the waste plastics particle of separating further is ground into particle diameter at 20～60 purpose molecules, carries out sorting by metal species material and plastics class material in the electrostatic separation realization molecule;

(3), the scrap metal that step (2) is sorted out adopts the eddy current separation device that different metal is carried out sorting.

(4), step (1) is extracted the refrigeration oil and the condensation of refrigerant that store and separate again storage respectively.

Remarkable result of the present invention is: the present invention can not only realize that metal, glass, plastics etc. easily reclaim the regeneration manufacturing of resource, can also realize the recycling of compressor, cold-producing medium etc., and technology are simple, economy, industrialization level height.Resource recovery height of the present invention, secondary pollution is low, and this system can also handle applied range to other waste refrigerating equipment except that can handling waste refrigerators in addition.The present invention can effectively realize iron recovery 〉=98%; The rate of recovery of copper, aluminium 〉=98%; The rate of recovery of plastics＞95%; Heat-barrier material collection rate 〉=90%.

The specific embodiment

A kind of useless refrigerator cracking and sorting resource reutilization method, method step comprises as follows:

(1), electric wire, condenser, glass, mercury converter in the refrigerator that will give up remove, refrigeration oil in the refrigerator that will give up again and cold-producing medium extract and store, and split out compressor in the useless refrigerator;

(2), the useless refrigerator after step (1) dismounting is carried out the powerful pulverizing of middle rank, make pulverizing back grain diameter maintain 5mm, carry out cyclonic separation, the waste plastics particle of separating further is ground into particle diameter at 20～60 purpose molecules, carries out sorting by metal species material and plastics class material in the electrostatic separation realization molecule;

(3), the scrap metal that step (2) is sorted out adopts the eddy current separation device that different metal is carried out sorting.

(4), refrigeration oil that step (1) extract is stored and refrigerant liquid boiling point difference and condensation separation is stored respectively again.

Specific as follows: earlier electric wire, condenser, glass, mercury converter are removed, the refrigeration oil of refrigerator inside and cold-producing medium are extracted store again, split out compressor, at last to its shell to row fragmentation, shearing, sorting.Compressor carries out after complete machine disassembles, through intact the reusing of recovery test performance, not reusable open shell after, the categorised collection different materials.Key point is the efficient evenly broken of electronic apparatus waste material, by as can be known to the failure law analysis of shell different component, realize the even fragmentation of waste material, need to adopt the powerful pulverizing of middle rank, pulverizing back grain diameter is maintained about 5mm, thereby prepare for follow-up cyclonic separation, pilot experiment is the result also fully prove, under this particle diameter basis, plastics and metal separation purity and efficient are more than high under other separation methods and other particle diameter conditions.Through after the initial gross separation, still contain part metals class material in the waste plastics particle, for realizing the high efficiente callback of metal species material, particle diameter need further be ground into the molecule of particle diameter about 20～60 orders at the particle about 5mm, realizes the efficient sorting of metal species material and plastics class material in the molecule again by electrostatic separation.Contain several different metals in the scrap metal that sorts out, adopt the eddy current separation device that different metal is carried out sorting, its principle is to produce induced-current when conductor in alternating magnetic field, under the magnetic field and externally-applied magnetic field interaction that induced-current produced, conductor is subjected to the effect of vortex flow, make material movement produce deflection, separate thereby conductor is produced with non-conductor.Separation is relevant with the conductance and the density of material, and is big as the separation of metals such as aluminium, copper, magnesium, and separation coefficients such as zinc, lead are little, thereby the different metal in the waste material can be sorted out.

For the recovery aspect of condensing agent,, make most recovery company only reclaim condensing agent with the method that abandons because at present the rate of recovery of condensing agent is lower or cost recovery is high.The main compression condensation method that adopts reclaims it, earlier the compressor of discarded refrigeration plant and cold-producing medium and machine for automatically recovering are coupled together, cold-producing medium and refrigeration oil that the negative pressure of utilizing air compressor machine to produce will be discarded in the refrigeration plant reclaim together, and condensation separation is stored respectively again according to the boiling point of liquid difference again.

Plastics mainly reclaim by Mechanical Method, and operation has sorting, fragmentation, granulation, moulding etc.In addition, equipment is also with transfer system, collecting dust-removing system, dry acoustic control system etc.

The safety guarantee aspect, system is provided with emergency stop system, the program control control system of PLC, can prevent the generation of risk accidents effectively.The refrigerator disintegrating machine there is the burn-proof and explosion prevention safety measure,,, reaches 20% o'clock of boundary under the explosion danger, start the inert gas gas charging system automatically, to eliminate explosion danger when the concentration that monitors hydrocarbon in the disintegrating machine operation area.

Claims (1)

1. useless refrigerator cracking and sorting resource reutilization method, it is as follows to it is characterized in that method step comprises:

(1), electric wire, condenser, glass, mercury converter in the refrigerator that will give up remove, refrigeration oil in the refrigerator that will give up again and cold-producing medium extract and store, and split out compressor in the useless refrigerator;

(2), the useless refrigerator after step (1) dismounting is carried out the powerful pulverizing of middle rank, make pulverizing back grain diameter maintain 5mm, carry out cyclonic separation, the waste plastics particle of separating further is ground into particle diameter at 20～60 purpose molecules, carries out sorting by metal species material and plastics class material in the electrostatic separation realization molecule;

(3), the scrap metal that step (2) is sorted out adopts the eddy current separation device that different metal is carried out sorting.

(4), step (1) is extracted the refrigeration oil and the condensation of refrigerant that store and separate again storage respectively.