CN102157970B - High-transformation ratio isolated solar charging controller with MPPT function - Google Patents
High-transformation ratio isolated solar charging controller with MPPT function Download PDFInfo
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- CN102157970B CN102157970B CN2011100981225A CN201110098122A CN102157970B CN 102157970 B CN102157970 B CN 102157970B CN 2011100981225 A CN2011100981225 A CN 2011100981225A CN 201110098122 A CN201110098122 A CN 201110098122A CN 102157970 B CN102157970 B CN 102157970B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
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Abstract
The invention relates to a charging controller technology, in particular to a high-transformation ratio isolated solar charging controller with a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) function. The controller comprises a microprocessor, a pulse width modulation (PWM) unit and a switching tube unit, and also comprises a first voltage sampling circuit, a first current detection circuit, a second voltage sampling circuit, an isolation driving circuit and a high-frequency switching transformer, wherein the first voltage sampling circuit is used for sampling an output voltage of a solar battery; the first current detection circuit is used for sampling an output current of the solar battery; and the second voltage sampling circuit is used for sampling a voltage of a storage battery. The controller can realize dual intelligent charging control of MPPT+ system on chip (SOC); moreover, the controller can avoid a breakdown accident and a thermal damage accident of the switching tube when the output voltage of the solar battery is very high but the voltage level of the storage battery configured by a user is very low; therefore, the controller is suitable for solar power generation systems, such as an amorphous silicon membrane solar battery power generation system, with a very high solar battery output voltage and a very low storage battery voltage level.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the charge controller technology, relate in particular to a kind of large velocity ratio isolated form solar charging controller of the MPPT of having function.
Background technology
Along with the day by day poorness of earth resource, the cost of investment of basic energy resource is climbed to a higher point day by day, and people begin to pay attention to gradually application and the exploitation of solar energy.Solar energy is primary energy, is again regenerative resource, and its aboundresources both can freely use, and need not again transportation, and environment without any pollution, for the mankind have created a kind of new lifestyle, is made society and the human epoch that enter an energy savings minimizing pollution.
At present, solar charging controller all is based on the conversion of Buck(buck mostly) the voltage-dropping type charge controller of circuit topology type, it directly adopts the switching tube circuit that the output voltage of solar cell is carried out charging a battery and powering to the load after the step-down.A critical defect of such solar charging controller is, when the solar cell output voltage is very high and user configured battery tension grade when very low, for example: when adopting thin-film solar cells, the output voltage of monolithic films solar cell can be up to more than the 100V, and user configured when being the storage battery of 12V electric pressure, the input voltage of charge controller and output voltage exist the huge voltage difference of 80V; When adopting the PWM mode to charge, the huge voltage difference of 80V multiply by the loss that electric current is exactly switching tube, can imagine that how huge this loss is, can cause the switching tube heating extremely serious, the switching tube temperature is sharply risen, and then very easily cause the generation of charge circuit switching tube breakdown and cause thermal damage accident.Therefore, in these cases, the solar charging controller of conventional Buck type is difficult to satisfy user's instructions for use.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide for the deficiencies in the prior art a kind of very high and junior MPPT(Maximum of the having Power of the battery tension Point Tracking of solar cell output voltage, MPPT maximum power point tracking of being applicable to) the large velocity ratio isolated form solar charging controller of function.
Purpose of the present invention realizes by following technical measures: a kind of large velocity ratio isolated form solar charging controller with MPPT function, it includes microprocessor, PWM(Pulse Width Modulation, pulse width modulation) modulating unit, switching tube unit, also comprise the first voltage sampling circuit for sampling solar cell output voltage, be used for sampling solar cell output current the first current detection circuit, be used for second voltage sample circuit, isolated drive circuit, the high frequency switch transformer of sampling battery tension;
The first input end of described the first voltage sampling circuit is connected with the cathode output end of solar cell, the second input of described the first voltage sampling circuit is connected with the cathode output end of solar cell, and the output of described the first voltage sampling circuit is connected with an AD port of described microprocessor;
The first test side of described the first current detection circuit is connected with the second input of described switching tube unit, the second test side of described the first current detection circuit is connected with the cathode output end of solar cell, the first input end of described switching tube unit is connected with the cathode output end of solar cell, and the output of described the first current detection circuit is connected with the 2nd AD port of described microprocessor;
The first input end of described second voltage sample circuit is connected with the electrode input end of storage battery, the second input of described second voltage sample circuit is connected with the negative input of storage battery, and the output of described second voltage sample circuit is connected with the 3rd AD port of described microprocessor;
The DA port of described microprocessor is connected with the input of described PWM modulating unit, the one IO port of described microprocessor is connected with the soft start port of described PWM modulating unit, the output of described PWM modulating unit is connected with the input of described isolated drive circuit, and the output of described isolated drive circuit is connected with the input control port of described switching tube unit;
The output of described switching tube unit is connected with the former limit of described high frequency switch transformer, the first secondary output of described high frequency switch transformer is connected with the electrode input end of storage battery, and the second secondary output of described high frequency switch transformer is connected with the negative input of storage battery.
Further comprise the second current detection circuit, the first test side of described the second current detection circuit is connected with the negative pole end of loading interfaces, the second test side of described the second current detection circuit is connected with the negative input of storage battery, and the output of described the second current detection circuit is connected with the 4th AD port of described microprocessor.
Further comprise the load switch drive circuit, be connected with load switching circuit between the first test side of described the second current detection circuit and the negative pole end of loading interfaces, the first port of described load switching circuit is connected with the negative pole end of loading interfaces, and the second port of described load switching circuit is connected with the first test side of described the second current detection circuit; The input of described load switch drive circuit is connected with the 2nd IO port of described microprocessor, and the output of described load switch drive circuit is connected with the 3rd port of described load switching circuit.
Be connected with the DA signal amplification circuit between the DA port of described microprocessor and the input of described PWM modulating unit, the input of described DA signal amplification circuit is connected with the DA port of described microprocessor, and the output of described DA signal amplification circuit is connected with the input of described PWM modulating unit.
Be connected with the first isolating amplifier circuit between the one AD port of the output of described the first voltage sampling circuit and described microprocessor, the input of described the first isolating amplifier circuit is connected with the output of described the first voltage sampling circuit, and the output of described the first isolating amplifier circuit is connected with an AD port of described microprocessor; Be connected with the second isolating amplifier circuit between the 2nd AD port of the output of described the first current detection circuit and described microprocessor, the input of described the second isolating amplifier circuit is connected with the output of described the first current detection circuit, and the output of described the second isolating amplifier circuit is connected with the 2nd AD port of described microprocessor.
Described switching tube unit is H bridge switch pipe unit, the first input end of described switching tube unit is the upper brachium pontis dc bus electrode input end of H bridge switch pipe unit, the second input of described switching tube unit is the lower brachium pontis dc bus negative input of H bridge switch pipe unit, and the input control port of described switching tube unit is the input control port of H bridge switch pipe unit; The first output of described H bridge switch pipe unit is connected with an end on the former limit of high frequency switch transformer, and the second output of described H bridge switch pipe unit is connected with the other end on the former limit of high frequency switch transformer.
Be provided with rectification filtering unit between the secondary output of described high frequency switch transformer and the storage battery, the first input end of described rectification filtering unit is connected with the first secondary output of described high frequency switch transformer, the second input of described rectification filtering unit is connected with the second secondary output of described high frequency switch transformer, the first output of described rectification filtering unit is connected with the electrode input end of storage battery, and the second output of described rectification filtering unit is connected with the negative input of storage battery.
Further comprise lightning protection circuit, temperature sensor, key circuit, LED(light-emitting diode) ﹠amp; The LCD(liquid crystal display) display circuit, described lightning protection circuit is connected between the cathode output end and cathode output end of solar cell, described temperature sensor is connected with the 5th AD port of described microprocessor, described key circuit is connected described LED﹠amp with the 3rd IO port set of described microprocessor; The LCD display circuit is connected with the 4th IO port set of described microprocessor.
Described PWM modulating unit comprises resistance R 14, R15, R16, R17, R18, R19, R20, R21, R22, capacitor C 6, C7, C8, C9, C10, triode Q1, PWM modulation chip U5; Described isolated drive circuit comprises triode Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5, isolation drive transformer T1; 12 pin of described PWM modulation chip U5,10 pin all with logically are connected, resistance R 15 1 ends are the soft start port of described PWM modulating unit, one end of the other end of resistance R 15 and resistance R 16, the base stage of triode Q1 connects, the other end of resistance R 16, the emitter of triode Q1 with logically be connected, soft start pin 8 pin of the collector electrode of triode Q1 and PWM modulation chip U5, resistance R 17 1 ends connect, the other end of resistance R 17 is connected with the positive pole of capacitor C 9, the negative pole of capacitor C 9 with logically be connected, 3 pin of PWM modulation chip U5 pass through resistance R 18 and logically are connected, 5 pin of PWM modulation chip U5 are connected with 7 pin by resistance R 19,5 pin of PWM modulation chip U5 pass through capacitor C 10 and logically are connected, 6 pin of PWM modulation chip U5 pass through resistance R 20 and logically are connected, resistance R 14 1 ends are the input of described PWM modulating unit 900, in-phase input end 2 pin of the other end of resistance R 14 and PWM modulation chip U5, capacitor C 8 one ends connect, the other end of capacitor C 8 with logically be connected, inverting input 1 pin and its compensation of PWM modulation chip U5 hold 9 pin to be connected, reference voltage end 16 pin of PWM modulation chip U5 and+5V reference voltage, capacitor C 6 one ends connect, the other end of capacitor C 6 with logically be connected, 13 pin of PWM modulation chip U5,15 pin, capacitor C 7 one ends all are connected with+12V power supply, the other end of capacitor C 7 with logically be connected, the A channel of PWM modulation chip U5 drives signal output part 11 pin by the base stage of resistance R 21 with triode Q2, the base stage of triode Q3 connects, and B channels drive signal output part 14 pin of PWM modulation chip U5 are by the base stage of resistance R 22 with triode Q4, the base stage of triode Q5 connects; The collector electrode of described triode Q2, the collector electrode of triode Q4 all is connected with power supply, the emitter of the emitter of triode Q2 and triode Q3,1 pin of isolation drive transformer T1 connects, the emitter of the emitter of triode Q4 and triode Q5,2 pin of isolation drive transformer T1 connect, the collector electrode of triode Q3, the collector electrode of triode Q5 all with logically is connected, 1 pin of isolation drive transformer T1,3 pin, 5 pin, 7 pin, 9 pin are Same Name of Ends, 3 pin of isolation drive transformer T1,4 pin, 5 pin, 6 pin, 7 pin, 8 pin, 9 pin, 10 pin are the output of described isolated drive circuit 1000.
Described the first voltage sampling circuit comprises resistance R 1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, capacitor C 1, C2, operational amplifier U1A, operational amplifier U1B; Described the first isolating amplifier circuit comprises resistance R 9, capacitor C 3, operational amplifier U3A, linear optical coupling U2; Described resistance R 1 one ends are the first input end of described the first voltage sampling circuit, resistance R 4 one ends are the second input of described the first voltage sampling circuit, the other end of resistance R 1 is connected with resistance R 2 one ends, in-phase input end 3 pin of the other end of resistance R 2 and operational amplifier U1A, resistance R 3 one ends connect, the other end of resistance R 4 is connected with resistance R 5 one ends, inverting input 2 pin of the other end of resistance R 5 and operational amplifier U1A, resistance R 6 one ends, capacitor C 1 one ends connect, the other end of resistance R 6, the other end of capacitor C 1, resistance R 7 one ends all are connected with output 1 pin of operational amplifier U1A, in-phase input end 6 pin of the other end of resistance R 7 and operational amplifier U1B, capacitor C 2 one ends, 3 pin of linear optical coupling U2 connect, the other end of capacitor C 2 and resistance R 8 one ends, output 7 pin of operational amplifier U1B connect, the other end of resistance R 8 is connected with 1 pin of linear optical coupling U2, in-phase input end 3 pin of 6 pin of linear optical coupling U2 and operational amplifier U3A, resistance R 9 one ends, capacitor C 3 one ends connect, the other end of resistance R 9, the other end of capacitor C 3 all is connected with output 1 pin of operational amplifier U3A, output 1 pin of operational amplifier U3A is the output of described the first isolating amplifier circuit 500, power end 8 pin of operational amplifier U1A, 2 pin of linear optical coupling U2 all are connected with+12VP power supply, power end 8 pin of operational amplifier U3A are connected with+5V power supply, the other end of resistance R 3, earth terminal 4 pin of operational amplifier U1A, inverting input 5 pin of operational amplifier U1B, 4 pin of linear optical coupling U2 all are connected with power supply ground PGND1,5 pin of linear optical coupling U2, inverting input 2 pin of operational amplifier U3A, earth terminal 4 pin of operational amplifier U3A all are connected with simulation ground AGND; Described DA signal amplification circuit comprises resistance R 10, R11, R12, R13, capacitor C 4, C5, operational amplifier U4A, U4B; Described resistance R 10 1 ends are the input of described DA signal amplification circuit 800, in-phase input end 3 pin of the other end of resistance R 10 and operational amplifier U4A, capacitor C 4 one ends, resistance R 11 1 ends connect, inverting input 2 pin of resistance R 12 1 ends and operational amplifier U4A, resistance R 13 1 ends, capacitor C 5 one ends connect, the other end of resistance R 13, the other end of capacitor C 5, output 1 pin of operational amplifier U4A all is connected with in-phase input end 6 pin of operational amplifier U4 B, inverting input 5 pin of operational amplifier U4 B are connected with output 7 pin of operational amplifier U4 B, output 7 pin of operational amplifier U4 B are the output of described DA signal amplification circuit, power end 8 pin of operational amplifier U4A are connected the other end of capacitor C 4 with+12V power supply, the other end of resistance R 11, earth terminal 4 pin of operational amplifier U4A, the other end of resistance R 12 all is connected with simulation ground AGND.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: the present invention includes microprocessor, PWM modulating unit, switching tube unit, also comprise the first voltage sampling circuit for sampling solar cell output voltage, be used for sampling solar cell output current the first current detection circuit, be used for second voltage sample circuit, isolated drive circuit, the high frequency switch transformer of sampling battery tension; Microprocessor of the present invention can pass through the first voltage sampling circuit, the first current detection circuit, sample the respectively output voltage of solar cell of second voltage sample circuit, the output current of solar cell, battery tension, again by the microprocessor computing, produce isolated drive circuit, the signal of the switch control of the charge circuits such as switching tube unit and high frequency switch transformer, and input to the PWM modulating unit, duty ratio with the pwm signal of control PWM modulating unit output, thereby regulate output voltage and the electric current of high frequency switch transformer, realize the dual intelligent charge control of " MPPT+ SOC "; And, the present invention is that control switch pipe unit and high frequency switch transformer are charge in batteries by the pwm signal control isolated drive circuit of PWM modulating unit output, form the charging control mode of isolated form, making solar cell is not to be charge in batteries by the switching tube unit directly, thereby avoid when the solar cell output voltage is very high and the generation of user configured battery tension grade switching tube breakdown and cause thermal damage accident when very low, therefore, the present invention is applicable to the very high and junior solar power system of battery tension of solar cell output voltage, such as the amorphous silicon thin-film solar cell electricity generation system.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the block diagram of the large velocity ratio isolated form solar charging controller of a kind of MPPT of having function of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the PWM modulating unit of large velocity ratio isolated form solar charging controller of a kind of MPPT of having function of the present invention and the circuit theory diagrams of isolated drive circuit.
Fig. 3 is first voltage sampling circuit of large velocity ratio isolated form solar charging controller of a kind of MPPT of having function of the present invention and the circuit theory diagrams of the first isolating amplifier circuit.
Fig. 4 is the circuit theory diagrams of DA signal amplification circuit of the large velocity ratio isolated form solar charging controller of a kind of MPPT of having function of the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
A kind of large velocity ratio isolated form solar charging controller with MPPT function of the present invention, as shown in Figure 1, it includes microprocessor 700(is MPU), PWM modulating unit 900, switching tube unit, also comprise the first voltage sampling circuit 300 for sampling solar cell 100 output voltages, be used for sampling solar cell 100 output currents the first current detection circuit 400, be used for second voltage sample circuit 1600, isolated drive circuit 1000, the high frequency switch transformer 1200 of sampling storage battery 1500 voltages.
The first input end of the first voltage sampling circuit 300 is connected with the cathode output end 101 of solar cell 100, the second input of the first voltage sampling circuit 300 is connected with the cathode output end 102 of solar cell 100, the output 301 of the first voltage sampling circuit 300 is connected with an AD port 701 of microprocessor 700, makes microprocessor 700 can pass through the output voltage of the first voltage sampling circuit 300 sampling solar cells 100.
The first test side 401 of the first current detection circuit 400 is connected with the second input of switching tube unit, the second test side 402 of the first current detection circuit 400 is connected with the cathode output end 102 of solar cell 100, the first input end of switching tube unit is connected with the cathode output end 101 of solar cell 100, the output 403 of the first current detection circuit 400 is connected with the 2nd AD port 702 of microprocessor 700, makes microprocessor 700 can pass through the output current of the first current detection circuit 400 sampling solar cells 100.
The first input end of second voltage sample circuit 1600 is connected with the electrode input end 1501 of storage battery 1500, the second input of second voltage sample circuit 1600 is connected with the negative input 1502 of storage battery 1500, the output 1601 of second voltage sample circuit 1600 is connected with the 3rd AD port 703 of microprocessor 700, makes microprocessor 700 can pass through second voltage sample circuit 1600 sampling battery tensions.
The DA port 706 of microprocessor 700 is connected with the input of PWM modulating unit 900, and an IO port 707 of microprocessor 700 is connected with the soft start port 901 of PWM modulating unit 900, microprocessor 700 can be controlled start PWM modulating unit 900; The output of PWM modulating unit 900 is connected with the input 1001 of isolated drive circuit 1000, the output of isolated drive circuit 1000 is connected with the input control port of switching tube unit, make PWM modulating unit 900 pwm signal can be exported to isolated drive circuit 1000, and by isolated drive circuit 1000 driving switch pipe units.
The output of switching tube unit is connected with the former limit of high frequency switch transformer 1200, the first secondary output 1201 of high frequency switch transformer 1200 is connected with the electrode input end 1501 of storage battery 1500, the second secondary output 1202 of high frequency switch transformer 1200 is connected with the negative input 1502 of storage battery 1500, makes the switching tube unit can pass through high frequency switch transformer 1200 controls to charging voltage and the electric current of storage battery 1500.Wherein, the power end of high frequency switch transformer 1200 is connected with accessory power supply 1300, and the power end of storage battery 1500 is connected with power circuit.
The present invention further comprises the second current detection circuit 1900, the first test side 1901 of the second current detection circuit 1900 is connected with the negative pole end of loading interfaces, the second test side 1902 of the second current detection circuit 1900 is connected with the negative input 1502 of storage battery 1500, the output 1903 of the second current detection circuit 1900 is connected with the 4th AD port 704 of microprocessor 700, makes microprocessor 700 can pass through the charging current of the second current detection circuit 1900 sampling storage batterys 1500.
More particularly, the present invention further comprises load switch drive circuit 1800, be connected with load switching circuit 1700 between the first test side 1901 of the second current detection circuit 1900 and the negative pole end of loading interfaces, the first port 1701 of load switching circuit 1700 is connected with the negative pole end of loading interfaces, and the second port one 702 of load switching circuit 1700 is connected with the first test side 1901 of the second current detection circuit 1900; The input 1801 of load switch drive circuit 1800 is connected with the 2nd IO port 708 of microprocessor 700, the output 1802 of load switch drive circuit 1800 is connected with the 3rd port one 703 of load switching circuit 1700, makes microprocessor 700 drive load switching circuit 1700 and the switch of control load by 1800 controls of load switch drive circuit.
Wherein, be connected with DA signal amplification circuit 800 between the DA port 706 of microprocessor 700 and the input of PWM modulating unit 900, the input of DA signal amplification circuit 800 is connected with the DA port 706 of microprocessor 700, and the output of DA signal amplification circuit 800 is connected with the input of PWM modulating unit 900.DA signal amplification circuit 800 is used for the digital signal that microprocessor 700 produces is converted to analog signal, and exports to PWM modulating unit 900.
Be connected with the first isolating amplifier circuit 500 between the one AD port 701 of the output 301 of the first voltage sampling circuit 300 and microprocessor 700, the input 501 of the first isolating amplifier circuit 500 is connected with the output 301 of the first voltage sampling circuit 300, and the output of the first isolating amplifier circuit 500 is connected with an AD port 701 of microprocessor 700; Be connected with the second isolating amplifier circuit 600 between the 2nd AD port 702 of the output 403 of the first current detection circuit 400 and microprocessor 700, the input of the second isolating amplifier circuit 600 is connected with the output 403 of the first current detection circuit 400, and the output 602 of the second isolating amplifier circuit 600 is connected with the 2nd AD port 702 of microprocessor 700.
The switching tube unit is H bridge switch pipe unit 1100, the first input end of switching tube unit is the upper brachium pontis dc bus electrode input end 1101 of H bridge switch pipe unit 1100, the second input of switching tube unit is the lower brachium pontis dc bus negative input 1102 of H bridge switch pipe unit 1100, and the input control port of switching tube unit is the input control port one 105 of H bridge switch pipe unit 1100; The first output 1103 of H bridge switch pipe unit 1100 is connected with an end on the former limit of high frequency switch transformer 1200, and the second output 1104 of H bridge switch pipe unit 1100 is connected with the other end on the former limit of high frequency switch transformer 1200.Wherein, H bridge switch pipe unit 1100 has the modularization of being easy to, digitlization, is easy to adopt the advantages such as soft switch technique.
Be provided with rectification filtering unit 1400 between the secondary output of high frequency switch transformer 1200 and the storage battery 1500, the first input end of rectification filtering unit 1400 is connected with the first secondary output 1201 of high frequency switch transformer 1200, the second input of rectification filtering unit 1400 is connected with the second secondary output 1202 of high frequency switch transformer 1200, the first output of rectification filtering unit 1400 is connected with the electrode input end 1501 of storage battery 1500, and the second output of rectification filtering unit 1400 is connected with the negative input 1502 of storage battery 1500.The voltage of high frequency switch transformer 1200 outputs can be converted to level and smooth stable voltage through after the rectification and filtering of rectification filtering unit 1400, is storage battery 1500 chargings.
The present invention further comprises lightning protection circuit 200, temperature sensor 2100, key circuit 2200, LED﹠amp; LCD display circuit 2300, lightning protection circuit 200 are connected between the cathode output end 101 and cathode output end 102 of solar cell 100, make the present invention have the function of lightning protection; Temperature sensor 2100 is connected with the 5th AD port 705 of microprocessor 700, makes microprocessor 700 respond to extraneous temperature by temperature sensor 2100; Key circuit 2200 is connected with the 3rd IO port 709 of microprocessor 700, makes the user can pass through the orders such as key circuit 2200 input controls and parameters; LED﹠amp; LCD display circuit 2300 is connected LED﹠amp with the 4th IO port 710 of microprocessor 700; LCD display circuit 2300 is used for the parameters such as displays temperature, is convenient to the user and checks intuitively.
As shown in Figure 2, PWM modulating unit 900 comprises resistance R 14, R15, R16, R17, R18, R19, R20, R21, R22, capacitor C 6, C7, C8, C9, C10, triode Q1, PWM modulation chip U5; Isolated drive circuit 1000 comprises triode Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5, isolation drive transformer T1.
12 pin (GND) of PWM modulation chip U5,10 pin (SHUTDOWN) all are connected with logically (GND), resistance R 15 1 ends are the soft start port 901 of PWM modulating unit 900, (it is used for input signal ON/OFF), one end of the other end of resistance R 15 and resistance R 16, the base stage of triode Q1 connects, the other end of resistance R 16, the emitter of triode Q1 with logically be connected, soft start pin 8 pin (SOFT-START) of the collector electrode of triode Q1 and PWM modulation chip U5, resistance R 17 1 ends connect, the other end of resistance R 17 is connected with the positive pole of capacitor C 9, the negative pole of capacitor C 9 with logically be connected, 3 pin (SYNC) of PWM modulation chip U5 pass through resistance R 18 and logically are connected, 5 pin (CT) of PWM modulation chip U5 are connected with 7 pin (DISCHARGE) by resistance R 19,5 pin (CT) of PWM modulation chip U5 pass through capacitor C 10 and logically are connected, 6 pin (RT) of PWM modulation chip U5 pass through resistance R 20 and logically are connected, resistance R 14 1 ends are the input of PWM modulating unit 900, (it is used for input signal DACOUT), in-phase input end 2 pin (N.I.INPUT) of the other end of resistance R 14 and PWM modulation chip U5, capacitor C 8 one ends connect, the other end of capacitor C 8 with logically be connected, inverting input 1 pin (INV.INPUT) and its compensation of PWM modulation chip U5 holds 9 pin (COMP) to be connected, reference voltage end 16 pin of PWM modulation chip U5 and+5V reference voltage (+5Vref), capacitor C 6 one ends connect, the other end of capacitor C 6 with logically be connected, 13 pin of PWM modulation chip U5,15 pin, capacitor C 7 one ends all with+12V power supply (+12VC) be connected, the other end of capacitor C 7 with logically be connected, the A channel of PWM modulation chip U5 drives signal output part 11 pin (OUTA) by the base stage of resistance R 21 with triode Q2, the base stage of triode Q3 connects, and B channels drive signal output part 14 pin (OUTB) of PWM modulation chip U5 are by the base stage of resistance R 22 with triode Q4, the base stage of triode Q5 connects.
The collector electrode of triode Q2, the collector electrode of triode Q4 all with power supply (+12VC) be connected, the emitter of the emitter of triode Q2 and triode Q3,1 pin of isolation drive transformer T1 connects, the emitter of the emitter of triode Q4 and triode Q5,2 pin of isolation drive transformer T1 connect, the collector electrode of triode Q3, the collector electrode of triode Q5 all is connected with logically (GND), 1 pin of isolation drive transformer T1,3 pin, 5 pin, 7 pin, 9 pin are Same Name of Ends, 3 pin of isolation drive transformer T1,4 pin, 5 pin, 6 pin, 7 pin, 8 pin, 9 pin, 10 pin are the output of isolated drive circuit 1000, it is used for being connected with H bridge switch pipe unit 1100, more particularly, 3 pin of isolation drive transformer T1,4 pin output signals are respectively DRV1H, DRV1L, 5 pin of isolation drive transformer T1,6 pin output signals are respectively DRV2H, DRV2L, 7 pin of isolation drive transformer T1,8 pin output signals are respectively DRV3H, DRV3L, 9 pin of isolation drive transformer T1,10 pin output signals are respectively DRV4H, DRV4L.
That PWM modulation chip U5 can produce according to the DA port 706 of microprocessor 700 and through the signal of 800 conversions of DA signal amplification circuit and the switch control that is used for the charge circuits such as control isolated drive circuit, switching tube unit and high frequency switch transformer of amplifying, the duty ratio of the pwm signal of regulation output, thereby control isolated drive circuit 1000.
As shown in Figure 3, the first voltage sampling circuit 300 comprises resistance R 1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, capacitor C 1, C2, operational amplifier U1A, operational amplifier U1B; The first isolating amplifier circuit 500 comprises resistance R 9, capacitor C 3, operational amplifier U3A, linear optical coupling U2.
Resistance R 1 one ends are the first input end of the first voltage sampling circuit 300, resistance R 4 one ends are the second input of the first voltage sampling circuit 300, the other end of resistance R 1 is connected with resistance R 2 one ends, in-phase input end 3 pin of the other end of resistance R 2 and operational amplifier U1A, resistance R 3 one ends connect, the other end of resistance R 4 is connected with resistance R 5 one ends, inverting input 2 pin of the other end of resistance R 5 and operational amplifier U1A, resistance R 6 one ends, capacitor C 1 one ends connect, the other end of resistance R 6, the other end of capacitor C 1, resistance R 7 one ends all are connected with output 1 pin of operational amplifier U1A, in-phase input end 6 pin of the other end of resistance R 7 and operational amplifier U1B, capacitor C 2 one ends, 3 pin of linear optical coupling U2 connect, the other end of capacitor C 2 and resistance R 8 one ends, output 7 pin of operational amplifier U1B connect, the other end of resistance R 8 is connected with 1 pin of linear optical coupling U2, in-phase input end 3 pin of 6 pin of linear optical coupling U2 and operational amplifier U3A, resistance R 9 one ends, capacitor C 3 one ends connect, the other end of resistance R 9, the other end of capacitor C 3 all is connected with output 1 pin of operational amplifier U3A, output 1 pin of operational amplifier U3A is the output of the first isolating amplifier circuit 500, power end 8 pin of operational amplifier U1A, 2 pin of linear optical coupling U2 all with+12V power supply (+12VP) be connected, power end 8 pin of operational amplifier U3A and+5V power supply (+5VC) be connected, the other end of resistance R 3, earth terminal 4 pin of operational amplifier U1A, inverting input 5 pin of operational amplifier U1B, 4 pin of linear optical coupling U2 all are connected with power supply ground (PGND1), 5 pin of linear optical coupling U2, inverting input 2 pin of operational amplifier U3A, earth terminal 4 pin of operational amplifier U3A all are connected with digitally (AGND).
Operational amplifier U1A and operational amplifier U1B are with the signal of the output voltage of the solar cell of sampling, after amplifying, input to linear optical coupling U2, input to operational amplifier U3A after the isolation through linear optical coupling U2 again, input to microprocessor 700 after being amplified by operational amplifier U3A at last.
As shown in Figure 4, DA signal amplification circuit 800 comprises resistance R 10, R11, R12, R13, capacitor C 4, C5, operational amplifier U4A, U4B; Resistance R 10 1 ends are the input of DA signal amplification circuit 800, (it is used for input signal DACIN), in-phase input end 3 pin of the other end of resistance R 10 and operational amplifier U4A, capacitor C 4 one ends, resistance R 11 1 ends connect, inverting input 2 pin of resistance R 12 1 ends and operational amplifier U4A, resistance R 13 1 ends, capacitor C 5 one ends connect, the other end of resistance R 13, the other end of capacitor C 5, output 1 pin of operational amplifier U4A all is connected with in-phase input end 6 pin of operational amplifier U4 B, inverting input 5 pin of operational amplifier U4 B are connected with output 7 pin of operational amplifier U4 B, output 7 pin of operational amplifier U4 B are the output of DA signal amplification circuit 800, power end 8 pin of operational amplifier U4A and+12V power supply (+12VC) be connected the other end of capacitor C 4, the other end of resistance R 11, earth terminal 4 pin of operational amplifier U4A, the other end of resistance R 12 all is connected with digitally (AGND).
Wherein, microprocessor 700 adopts the high-performance 32-bit ARM STM32F103VCT6 of ST Microelectronics, it is that the semiconductor discharge tube of P1300S is as the lightning protection device that lightning protection circuit 200 adopts models, it is the N-channel MOS pipe of FQA62N25 that H bridge switch pipe unit 1100 adopts model, it is the current sensor of the isolated form of HXS 50-NP that the first current detection circuit 400 adopts model, it is the pulse width modulating chip of SG3525 that the PWM modulation chip U5 of PWM modulating unit 900 adopts ST Microelectronics's model, it is the paralleling MOS FET array of IPB025N10N3 that load switching circuit 1700 adopts the model of MOSFET, and the model of temperature sensor 2100 is LM50; The model of operational amplifier U1A, operational amplifier U1B, operational amplifier U3A, operational amplifier U4A, operational amplifier U4 B is LM258, the model of linear optical coupling U2 is HCNR200, the model of triode Q1, triode Q2, triode Q4 is 2N3904, and the model of triode Q3, triode Q5 is 2N3906.Certainly, the parameter value of above-mentioned electronic devices and components is only for reference, when the implementation the technical program, can make amendment according to actual environment.
The present invention in use, microprocessor 700 can be by the first voltage sampling circuit 300, the first current detection circuit 400 sample respectively output voltage and the output current of solar cell 100, thereby find maximum power point, according to charge circuits such as maximum power point control PWM modulating unit 900, isolated drive circuit 1000, H bridge switch pipe unit 1100 and high frequency switch transformers 1200 solar cell 100 is charged by microprocessor 700 to storage battery 1500 with the highest efficient again, realize the MPPT function.
When microprocessor 700 detected solar cell 100 output voltages and reaches charge condition, microprocessor 700 started the charge circuits such as PWM modulating units 900, isolated drive circuit 1000, H bridge switch pipe unit 1100 and high frequency switch transformer 1200 and begins charging; When microprocessor 700 detects solar cell 100 output voltages and does not reach charge condition or do not have output voltage, microprocessor 700 quits work the charge circuits such as PWM modulating unit 900, isolated drive circuit 1000, H bridge switch pipe unit 1100 and high frequency switch transformer 1200, and charge circuit is in resting state.
Simultaneously, microprocessor 700 of the present invention can be by the voltage of second voltage sample circuit 1600 sampling storage batterys 1500, again by the state-of-charge (SOC) of microprocessor 700 according to storage battery 1500, the charge circuit such as control PWM modulating unit 900, isolated drive circuit 1000, H bridge switch pipe unit 1100 and high frequency switch transformer 1200 and charging, the discharge process of intelligent management storage battery 1500 are realized the intelligent charge control of SOC.
And, the present invention control H bridge switch pipe unit 1100 and high frequency switch transformer 1200 is charge in batteries by the pwm signal control isolated drive circuit 1000 of PWM modulating unit 900 output, form the charging control mode of isolated form, making solar cell 100 is not to be storage battery 1500 chargings by the switching tube unit directly, thereby avoid when solar cell 100 output voltages are very high and the generation of the electric pressure of user configured storage battery 1500 switching tube breakdown and cause thermal damage accident when very low, therefore the present invention is applicable to the very high and lower solar power system of storage battery 1500 electric pressures of solar cell 100 output voltages, such as the amorphous silicon thin-film solar cell electricity generation system, be that the present invention has overcome conventional Buck type solar charging controller and is difficult to bear high voltage differential problem between input voltage and the output voltage, a kind of solution of solar array voltage large velocity ratio step-down charging is provided.
Should be noted that at last; above embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention; but not limiting the scope of the invention; although with reference to preferred embodiment the present invention has been done to explain; those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that; can make amendment or be equal to replacement technical scheme of the present invention, and not break away from essence and the scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. large velocity ratio isolated form solar charging controller with MPPT function, it includes microprocessor, PWM modulating unit, switching tube unit, it is characterized in that: also comprise the first voltage sampling circuit for sampling solar cell output voltage, be used for sampling solar cell output current the first current detection circuit, be used for second voltage sample circuit, isolated drive circuit, the high frequency switch transformer of sampling battery tension;
The first input end of described the first voltage sampling circuit is connected with the cathode output end of solar cell, the second input of described the first voltage sampling circuit is connected with the cathode output end of solar cell, and the output of described the first voltage sampling circuit is connected with an AD port of described microprocessor;
The first test side of described the first current detection circuit is connected with the second input of described switching tube unit, the second test side of described the first current detection circuit is connected with the cathode output end of solar cell, the first input end of described switching tube unit is connected with the cathode output end of solar cell, and the output of described the first current detection circuit is connected with the 2nd AD port of described microprocessor;
The first input end of described second voltage sample circuit is connected with the electrode input end of storage battery, the second input of described second voltage sample circuit is connected with the negative input of storage battery, and the output of described second voltage sample circuit is connected with the 3rd AD port of described microprocessor;
The DA port of described microprocessor is connected with the input of described PWM modulating unit, the one IO port of described microprocessor is connected with the soft start port of described PWM modulating unit, the output of described PWM modulating unit is connected with the input of described isolated drive circuit, and the output of described isolated drive circuit is connected with the input control port of described switching tube unit;
The output of described switching tube unit is connected with the former limit of described high frequency switch transformer, the first secondary output of described high frequency switch transformer is connected with the electrode input end of storage battery, and the second secondary output of described high frequency switch transformer is connected with the negative input of storage battery.
2. the large velocity ratio isolated form solar charging controller with MPPT function according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: further comprise the second current detection circuit, the first test side of described the second current detection circuit is connected with the negative pole end of loading interfaces, the second test side of described the second current detection circuit is connected with the negative input of storage battery, and the output of described the second current detection circuit is connected with the 4th AD port of described microprocessor.
3. the large velocity ratio isolated form solar charging controller with MPPT function according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: further comprise the load switch drive circuit, be connected with load switching circuit between the first test side of described the second current detection circuit and the negative pole end of loading interfaces, the first port of described load switching circuit is connected with the negative pole end of loading interfaces, and the second port of described load switching circuit is connected with the first test side of described the second current detection circuit; The input of described load switch drive circuit is connected with the 2nd IO port of described microprocessor, and the output of described load switch drive circuit is connected with the 3rd port of described load switching circuit.
4. according to claim 1 to the described large velocity ratio isolated form solar charging controller with MPPT function of 3 any one, it is characterized in that: be connected with the DA signal amplification circuit between the DA port of described microprocessor and the input of described PWM modulating unit, the input of described DA signal amplification circuit is connected with the DA port of described microprocessor, and the output of described DA signal amplification circuit is connected with the input of described PWM modulating unit.
5. the large velocity ratio isolated form solar charging controller with MPPT function according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: be connected with the first isolating amplifier circuit between the AD port of the output of described the first voltage sampling circuit and described microprocessor, the input of described the first isolating amplifier circuit is connected with the output of described the first voltage sampling circuit, and the output of described the first isolating amplifier circuit is connected with an AD port of described microprocessor; Be connected with the second isolating amplifier circuit between the 2nd AD port of the output of described the first current detection circuit and described microprocessor, the input of described the second isolating amplifier circuit is connected with the output of described the first current detection circuit, and the output of described the second isolating amplifier circuit is connected with the 2nd AD port of described microprocessor.
6. the large velocity ratio isolated form solar charging controller with MPPT function according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described switching tube unit is H bridge switch pipe unit, the first input end of described switching tube unit is the upper brachium pontis dc bus electrode input end of H bridge switch pipe unit, the second input of described switching tube unit is the lower brachium pontis dc bus negative input of H bridge switch pipe unit, and the input control port of described switching tube unit is the input control port of H bridge switch pipe unit; The first output of described H bridge switch pipe unit is connected with an end on the former limit of high frequency switch transformer, and the second output of described H bridge switch pipe unit is connected with the other end on the former limit of high frequency switch transformer.
7. the large velocity ratio isolated form solar charging controller with MPPT function according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: be provided with rectification filtering unit between the secondary output of described high frequency switch transformer and the storage battery, the first input end of described rectification filtering unit is connected with the first secondary output of described high frequency switch transformer, the second input of described rectification filtering unit is connected with the second secondary output of described high frequency switch transformer, the first output of described rectification filtering unit is connected with the electrode input end of storage battery, and the second output of described rectification filtering unit is connected with the negative input of storage battery.
8. the large velocity ratio isolated form solar charging controller with MPPT function according to claim 4 is characterized in that: further comprise lightning protection circuit, temperature sensor, key circuit, LED﹠amp; The LCD display circuit, described lightning protection circuit is connected between the cathode output end and cathode output end of solar cell, described temperature sensor is connected with the 5th AD port of described microprocessor, and described key circuit is connected described LED﹠amp with the 3rd IO port of described microprocessor; The LCD display circuit is connected with the 4th IO port of described microprocessor.
9. the large velocity ratio isolated form solar charging controller with MPPT function according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described PWM modulating unit comprises resistance R 14, R15, R16, R17, R18, R19, R20, R21, R22, capacitor C 6, C7, C8, C9, C10, triode Q1, PWM modulation chip U5; Described isolated drive circuit comprises triode Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5, isolation drive transformer T1;
The model of described PWM modulation chip U5 is SG3525,12 pin of PWM modulation chip U5,10 pin all with logically are connected, resistance R 15 1 ends are the soft start port of described PWM modulating unit, one end of the other end of resistance R 15 and resistance R 16, the base stage of triode Q1 connects, the other end of resistance R 16, the emitter of triode Q1 with logically be connected, soft start pin 8 pin of the collector electrode of triode Q1 and PWM modulation chip U5, resistance R 17 1 ends connect, the other end of resistance R 17 is connected with the positive pole of capacitor C 9, the negative pole of capacitor C 9 with logically be connected, 3 pin of PWM modulation chip U5 pass through resistance R 18 and logically are connected, 5 pin of PWM modulation chip U5 are connected with 7 pin by resistance R 19,5 pin of PWM modulation chip U5 pass through capacitor C 10 and logically are connected, 6 pin of PWM modulation chip U5 pass through resistance R 20 and logically are connected, resistance R 14 1 ends are the input of described PWM modulating unit, in-phase input end 2 pin of the other end of resistance R 14 and PWM modulation chip U5, capacitor C 8 one ends connect, the other end of capacitor C 8 with logically be connected, inverting input 1 pin and its compensation of PWM modulation chip U5 hold 9 pin to be connected, reference voltage end 16 pin of PWM modulation chip U5 and+5V reference voltage, capacitor C 6 one ends connect, the other end of capacitor C 6 with logically be connected, 13 pin of PWM modulation chip U5,15 pin, capacitor C 7 one ends all are connected with+12V power supply, the other end of capacitor C 7 with logically be connected, the A channel of PWM modulation chip U5 drives signal output part 11 pin by the base stage of resistance R 21 with triode Q2, the base stage of triode Q3 connects, and B channels drive signal output part 14 pin of PWM modulation chip U5 are by the base stage of resistance R 22 with triode Q4, the base stage of triode Q5 connects;
The collector electrode of described triode Q2, the collector electrode of triode Q4 all is connected with power supply, the emitter of the emitter of triode Q2 and triode Q3,1 pin of isolation drive transformer T1 connects, the emitter of the emitter of triode Q4 and triode Q5,2 pin of isolation drive transformer T1 connect, the collector electrode of triode Q3, the collector electrode of triode Q5 all with logically is connected, 1 pin of isolation drive transformer T1,3 pin, 5 pin, 7 pin, 9 pin are Same Name of Ends, 3 pin of isolation drive transformer T1,4 pin, 5 pin, 6 pin, 7 pin, 8 pin, 9 pin, 10 pin are the output of described isolated drive circuit.
10. the large velocity ratio isolated form solar charging controller with MPPT function according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: described the first voltage sampling circuit comprises resistance R 1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, capacitor C 1, C2, operational amplifier U1A, operational amplifier U1B; Described the first isolating amplifier circuit comprises resistance R 9, capacitor C 3, operational amplifier U3A, linear optical coupling U2;
The model of linear optical coupling U2 is HCNR200, described resistance R 1 one ends are the first input end of described the first voltage sampling circuit, resistance R 4 one ends are the second input of described the first voltage sampling circuit, the other end of resistance R 1 is connected with resistance R 2 one ends, in-phase input end 3 pin of the other end of resistance R 2 and operational amplifier U1A, resistance R 3 one ends connect, the other end of resistance R 4 is connected with resistance R 5 one ends, inverting input 2 pin of the other end of resistance R 5 and operational amplifier U1A, resistance R 6 one ends, capacitor C 1 one ends connect, the other end of resistance R 6, the other end of capacitor C 1, resistance R 7 one ends all are connected with output 1 pin of operational amplifier U1A, in-phase input end 6 pin of the other end of resistance R 7 and operational amplifier U1B, capacitor C 2 one ends, 3 pin of linear optical coupling U2 connect, the other end of capacitor C 2 and resistance R 8 one ends, output 7 pin of operational amplifier U1B connect, the other end of resistance R 8 is connected with 1 pin of linear optical coupling U2, in-phase input end 3 pin of 6 pin of linear optical coupling U2 and operational amplifier U3A, resistance R 9 one ends, capacitor C 3 one ends connect, the other end of resistance R 9, the other end of capacitor C 3 all is connected with output 1 pin of operational amplifier U3A, output 1 pin of operational amplifier U3A is the output of described the first isolating amplifier circuit, power end 8 pin of operational amplifier U1A, 2 pin of linear optical coupling U2 all are connected with+12VP power supply, power end 8 pin of operational amplifier U3A are connected with+5V power supply, the other end of resistance R 3, earth terminal 4 pin of operational amplifier U1A, inverting input 5 pin of operational amplifier U1B, 4 pin of linear optical coupling U2 all are connected with power supply ground PGND1,5 pin of linear optical coupling U2, inverting input 2 pin of operational amplifier U3A, earth terminal 4 pin of operational amplifier U3A all are connected with simulation ground AGND;
Described DA signal amplification circuit comprises resistance R 10, R11, R12, R13, capacitor C 4, C5, operational amplifier U4A, U4B; Described resistance R 10 1 ends are the input of described DA signal amplification circuit, in-phase input end 3 pin of the other end of resistance R 10 and operational amplifier U4A, capacitor C 4 one ends, resistance R 11 1 ends connect, inverting input 2 pin of resistance R 12 1 ends and operational amplifier U4A, resistance R 13 1 ends, capacitor C 5 one ends connect, the other end of resistance R 13, the other end of capacitor C 5, output 1 pin of operational amplifier U4A all is connected with in-phase input end 6 pin of operational amplifier U4 B, inverting input 5 pin of operational amplifier U4 B are connected with output 7 pin of operational amplifier U4 B, output 7 pin of operational amplifier U4 B are the output of described DA signal amplification circuit, power end 8 pin of operational amplifier U4A are connected the other end of capacitor C 4 with+12V power supply, the other end of resistance R 11, earth terminal 4 pin of operational amplifier U4A, the other end of resistance R 12 all is connected with simulation ground AGND.
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