CN102154048B - Pretreatment method for densifying rice and wheat straw solid briquette fuel - Google Patents
Pretreatment method for densifying rice and wheat straw solid briquette fuel Download PDFInfo
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- CN102154048B CN102154048B CN201110068439.4A CN201110068439A CN102154048B CN 102154048 B CN102154048 B CN 102154048B CN 201110068439 A CN201110068439 A CN 201110068439A CN 102154048 B CN102154048 B CN 102154048B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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Abstract
The invention relates to a straw treatment process, in particular to a pretreatment method for densifying rice and wheat straw solid briquette fuel. The pretreatment method for densifying the rice and wheat straw solid briquette fuel comprises the following steps of: grinding straws with moisture content of less than or equal to 12 weight percent; adding a small amount of ammonia water or/and quick lime into water to prepare a spraying solution, wherein the amount of the ammonia water or/and the quick lime is 1 to 2 percent of the total amount of the spraying solution; spraying the prepared spraying solution on ground straw materials so as to wet the ground straw materials; placing the wet ground straw materials into a fermentation tank to ferment for 8 to 12 hours; and adding potassium chlorate or/and potassium nitrate into the fermented ground straw materials and uniformly stirring, wherein the adding amount of the potassium chlorate or/and the potassium nitrate is 2 to 3 percent of the total amount of the ground straw materials. Oxytolerant and alkaline-resisting cellulose decomposing brevibacterium domesticated manually can also be added into the spraying solution and the adding amount of the oxytolerant and alkaline-resisting cellulose decomposing brevibacterium is 0.5 to 1.5 percent of the total amount of the spraying solution. By the pretreatment method, original structural ingredients of a straw material can be effectively changed, the carbon element is kept, the caking property is improved, a hydrogen bond in the straws is destroyed (so that the straws are of a regular structure), cellulose in the straws is partly degraded and compact waxiness contained on the surfaces of the straws is decomposed, so that the straws are softened and are easy to process and form.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of stalk treatment process, the pre-treating process of a kind of rice wheat straw solid molding fuel densification specifically.
Background technology
Mierocrystalline cellulose is the renewable resources of quantity maximum on the earth, accounts for 35 %～50 % of plant dry weight, is on the earth, distribute the widest, the abundantest carbohydrate of content.For the mankind, it is again the recyclability material of occurring in nature quantity maximum.Agricultural crop straw is the important sources of agricultural organic materials, and the agricultural crop straw output in the annual whole nation, more than 700,000,000 tons, can be amounted to into 660,000 tons of nitrogenous fertilizer, 9,660,000 tons of potash fertilizer, 960,000 tons of phosphate fertilizer at present, is equivalent to 1/4 of the annual fertilizer amount in the whole nation.But in recent years along with social economy and growth in the living standard, the effective rate of utilization of China's stalk resource (especially in rural area as the utilization ratio of domestic fuel) is but more and more lower.Decompose slowly because stalk is naturally corrupt, a large amount of stalks, by on-site incineration, have not only caused the great wasting of resources, and burning process produces a large amount of obnoxious flavour (incomplete combustion) and flue dust, cause serious environmental pollution, cause the common concern of the whole society.How to become " giving up " into precious, these biomass resources are made full use of, reducing the pollution of environment is current problem anxious to be resolved.
Compared with mineral substance fuel-based, the heat energy that stalk contains is far from, and (stalk is generally at 14～20 MJ/Kg for people imagination low like that, coal is about 18～27 MJ/Kg), and due to stalk burning-point low (hydrogeneous height), sulfur-bearing low (than the low decades of times of coal), ash oontent low (be only coal 10～30%), thereby theoretically stalk biomass fuel should be even more ideal, be at least the fuel that more cleans and forever do not worry resource problem.Add utilization if kind, for advocating now low charcoal, resources conservation and friendly environment society, significant undoubtedly.But, because its density is low, transportation cost is higher, main is burning insufficient (not clean-burning volatile matter is with flue gas loss in a large number, and therefore actual calorific value is low), the reason such as during as fuel applications workload is large and dirty, ratio is more and more lower in actual applications to cause it.If stalk can be processed into fine and close bulk, the loss of a large amount of volatile matters while stoping burning, and make it abundant burning, not only can obviously improve thermal effect, prolonging burning time, obtain the combustion efficacy that is quite analogous to coal, and can significantly reduce the smoke pollution in when burning, and inflammable, the feature easily that have that coal do not have.
But, high energy compression and the compact curing moulding difficult problem of stalk are but the bottlenecks of long-term fuel limitation straw utilization, especially the rice and wheat stalk of lightweight, not only density is low, and one deck wax is closely contained on surface, directly machine-shaping is very high to equipment requirements, and it is carried out to suitable pre-treatment, can obviously reduce its technology difficulty.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, overcome the shortcoming of prior art, the pre-treating process of a kind of rice wheat straw solid molding fuel densification is provided, can effectively change the original structure composition of stalk material, keep carbon, increase cohesiveness, destroy the hydrogen bond (causing stalk to be ordered structure) in stalk, Partial digestion Mierocrystalline cellulose wherein, the tight wax that decomposing straw surface is contained, is easy to machine-shaping thereby stalk is softened into.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves above technical problem is:
The pre-treating process of rice wheat straw solid molding fuel densification, according to the following steps:
(1) by the crushed stalk of weight percent moisture content≤12%, obtain straw powder particle;
(2) in water, add a small amount of alkaline matter, be mixed with spray solution, alkaline matter is ammoniacal liquor or/and unslaked lime, and the amount that alkaline matter adds is the 1-2% weight percent of spray solution total amount;
By step (2) prepared spray solution be sprayed on straw powder particle, make straw powder particle wetting;
(4) step wetting straw powder particle is (3) inserted to the 8-12 hour that ferments in fermentation vat;
(5) in the straw powder particle having fermented, add activeconstituents and stir, activeconstituents is Potcrate or/and saltpetre, and the amount that activeconstituents adds is the 2-3% weight percent of straw powder particle total amount.
In water, adding the solution that a small amount of alkaline matter is mixed with is chemical treatment solution, chemical treatment solution is sprayed on crushing straw, make crushing straw wetting, the minimum water molecules of these structures progressively enters into the macromolecular mass inside of stalk cellulose by infiltration, cause its original very orderly fiber hydrogen bond structure to be destroyed on a small quantity, reach the object of destroying hydrogen bond, destroy hydrogen bond process comparatively slow, but for the biological treatment (cellulose-decomposing bacteria propagation) of a rear step and coalification technique and moulding, (high temperature in pyrolysis can make liquid water become the steam of the obvious enhancing of seepage force, under the effect of coalification technique mesohigh, can destroy rapidly the hydrogen bond of stalk cellulose inside and by the ordered structure forming, thereby reduce the difficulty of high-pressure molding) have laid a good foundation.Add a small amount of alkali (as ammoniacal liquor, unslaked lime etc.), can not affect under the prerequisite of cellulose-decomposing bacterium activity, obviously improve the infiltration efficiency of water molecules and the destructive force of the inner hydrogen bond of cellulosic molecule, even Mierocrystalline cellulose is also had the direct degradation capability of part.
In the straw powder particle having fermented, add activeconstituents and stir, activeconstituents be Potcrate or/and saltpetre plays the effect of ignition dope, be conducive to the sufficient combustion of later stage stalk solid molding fuel while using.
But, for different stalks, differ to establish a capital and need to take above-mentioned biochemical treatment.For the sawdust that is easy to process, Cotton Stalk, corn stalk etc., may not need long biological fermentation processing, after even simple water is moistening, can process; But for straw, especially wheat straw, biochemical treatment possibility or essential (if plurality of raw materials is mixed, also can obviously reduce the requirement of biochemical treatment).
Therefore, above step (2) in, in spray solution, also add domestication's oxytolerant, alkaline-resisting cellulose decomposition tyrothricin, the amount that domestication's oxytolerant, alkaline-resisting cellulose decomposition tyrothricin add is the 0.5-1.5% weight percent of spray solution total amount.
In spray solution, add domestication's oxytolerant, alkaline-resisting cellulose decomposition tyrothricin to play the object of biological treatment, biological treatment is the cellulose-decomposing bacterium that utilizes artificial oxytolerant, alkaline-resisting domestication, under amphimicrobian condition, secrete a large amount of cellulases, directly Mierocrystalline cellulose and other polymer substance in degrading straw, thereby make it more fully effectively softening, the effect that the small organic molecule (as oligomeric fibres sugars, glucose etc.) that even part is fully degraded also can serve as binding agent under the effect of High Temperature High Pressure.In fact, edible starch (starch, the main component in the grain) structure of the structure of Mierocrystalline cellulose in stalk (cellulose) and the mankind is very similar, is all by glucose (glucose, that is the annular monomer of figure below Green) composition, just the mode of connection difference between glucose.Starch is the polymer substance that glucose is formed by connecting by α-Isosorbide-5-Nitrae glycosidic link, can gelatinization (slaking) in the time of high temperature; And Mierocrystalline cellulose is the polymer substance that glucose is formed by connecting by β-Isosorbide-5-Nitrae glycosidic link, there is a large amount of hydrogen bonds to form fibrous crystal bundle because of intermolecular, can gelatinization under common high temperature.Humans and animals all can not eccrine fiber element enzyme, thereby also cannot utilize energy or nutrition wherein.Herbivore itself is eccrine fiber element enzyme effectively, but relies on the cellulase of the cellulose-decomposing bacteria group secretion in a large number with super-active of symbiosis in stomach, thereby can make full use of energy and the nutrition of wherein containing.
The technical scheme that the present invention further limits is:
The pre-treating process of aforesaid rice wheat straw solid molding fuel densification, step (3) in, the amount that spray solution is sprayed is every kilogram of straw powder particle spray 40-80 gram.
The pre-treating process of aforesaid rice wheat straw solid molding fuel densification, step (1) in, the granularity of straw powder particle is 1-10 ㎜.
The pre-treating process of aforesaid rice wheat straw solid molding fuel densification, step (3) in, the temperature of flushing liquor is 60-80 degree.Such temperature is conducive to activeconstituents and cellulose decomposition tyrothricin is more effective plays a role.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: stalk biochemistry processing of the present invention is to adopt simple and feasible biological, chemical method Treating straw, destroy the hydrogen bond (causing stalk to be ordered structure) in stalk, Partial digestion Mierocrystalline cellulose wherein, the tight wax that decomposing straw surface is contained, is easy to machine-shaping thereby stalk is softened into.Due to biochemical treatment, especially the effect of the cellulase of cellulose-decomposing bacteria secretion, not only effectively destroy the ordered structure of original hydrogen bond in stalk fibre and formation thereof, and macromolecular Mierocrystalline cellulose is directly degraded to some extent, even in the process of biological fermentation processing, part wax also may be decomposed, thereby the difficulty of its machine-shaping is significantly reduced.
Embodiment
embodiment 1
The present embodiment provides the pre-treating process of a kind of rice wheat straw solid molding fuel densification, and the present embodiment is applicable to be easy to the sawdust, Cotton Stalk, corn stalk of processing etc., and the treatment process of the present embodiment carries out according to the following steps:
By the crushed stalk of weight percent moisture content≤12%, obtain straw powder particle, the granularity of straw powder particle is 1-10 ㎜.
In water, add a small amount of alkaline matter, be mixed with spray solution, alkaline matter is that ammoniacal liquor is or/and unslaked lime, the amount that alkaline matter adds is the 1-2% weight percent of spray solution total amount, prepared spray solution is sprayed on straw powder particle, make straw powder particle wetting, the temperature of flushing liquor is 60-80 degree, and the amount that spray solution is sprayed is every kilogram of straw powder particle spray 40-80 gram.In water, adding the solution that a small amount of alkaline matter is mixed with is chemical treatment solution, chemical treatment solution is sprayed on crushing straw, make crushing straw wetting, the minimum water molecules of these structures progressively enters into the macromolecular mass inside of stalk cellulose by infiltration, cause its original very orderly fiber hydrogen bond structure to be destroyed on a small quantity, reach the object of destroying hydrogen bond, destroy hydrogen bond process comparatively slow, but for the biological treatment (cellulose-decomposing bacteria propagation) of a rear step and coalification technique and moulding, (high temperature in pyrolysis can make liquid water become the steam of the obvious enhancing of seepage force, under the effect of coalification technique mesohigh, can destroy rapidly the hydrogen bond of stalk cellulose inside and by the ordered structure forming, thereby reduce the difficulty of high-pressure molding) have laid a good foundation.Add a small amount of alkali (as ammoniacal liquor, unslaked lime etc.), can not affect under the prerequisite of cellulose-decomposing bacterium activity, obviously improve the infiltration efficiency of water molecules and the destructive force of the inner hydrogen bond of cellulosic molecule, even Mierocrystalline cellulose is also had the direct degradation capability of part.
To soak straw powder particle and insert fermentation 8-12 hour in fermentation vat.
In the straw powder particle having fermented, add activeconstituents and stir, activeconstituents is Potcrate or/and saltpetre, and the amount that activeconstituents adds is the 2-3% weight percent of straw powder particle total amount.In the straw powder particle having fermented, add activeconstituents and stir, activeconstituents be Potcrate or/and saltpetre plays the effect of ignition dope, be conducive to the sufficient combustion of later stage stalk solid molding fuel while using.
embodiment 2
The present embodiment provides the pre-treating process of a kind of rice wheat straw solid molding fuel densification, and the present embodiment is applicable to straw and wheat straw etc., and the treatment process of the present embodiment carries out according to the following steps:
By the crushed stalk of weight percent moisture content≤12%, obtain straw powder particle, the granularity of straw powder particle is 1-10 ㎜.
In water, add a small amount of alkaline matter, be mixed with spray solution, alkaline matter is ammoniacal liquor or/and unslaked lime, and the amount that alkaline matter adds is the 1-2% weight percent of spray solution total amount; In spray solution, also add domestication's oxytolerant, alkaline-resisting cellulose decomposition tyrothricin, the amount that domestication's oxytolerant, alkaline-resisting cellulose decomposition tyrothricin add is the 0.5-1.5% weight percent of spray solution total amount.Prepared spray solution is sprayed on straw powder particle, makes straw powder particle wetting, the temperature of flushing liquor is 60-80 degree, and the amount that spray solution is sprayed is every kilogram of straw powder particle spray 40-80 gram.In water, adding the solution that a small amount of alkaline matter is mixed with is chemical treatment solution, chemical treatment solution is sprayed on crushing straw, make crushing straw wetting, the minimum water molecules of these structures progressively enters into the macromolecular mass inside of stalk cellulose by infiltration, cause its original very orderly fiber hydrogen bond structure to be destroyed on a small quantity, reach the object of destroying hydrogen bond, destroy hydrogen bond process comparatively slow, but for the biological treatment (cellulose-decomposing bacteria propagation) of a rear step and coalification technique and moulding, (high temperature in pyrolysis can make liquid water become the steam of the obvious enhancing of seepage force, under the effect of coalification technique mesohigh, can destroy rapidly the hydrogen bond of stalk cellulose inside and by the ordered structure forming, thereby reduce the difficulty of high-pressure molding) have laid a good foundation.Add a small amount of alkali (as ammoniacal liquor, unslaked lime etc.), can not affect under the prerequisite of cellulose-decomposing bacterium activity, obviously improve the infiltration efficiency of water molecules and the destructive force of the inner hydrogen bond of cellulosic molecule, even Mierocrystalline cellulose is also had the direct degradation capability of part.In spray solution, add domestication's oxytolerant, alkaline-resisting cellulose decomposition tyrothricin to play the object of biological treatment, biological treatment is the cellulose-decomposing bacterium that utilizes artificial oxytolerant, alkaline-resisting domestication, under amphimicrobian condition, secrete a large amount of cellulases, directly Mierocrystalline cellulose and other polymer substance in degrading straw, thereby make it more fully effectively softening, the effect that the small organic molecule (as oligomeric fibres sugars, glucose etc.) that even part is fully degraded also can serve as binding agent under the effect of High Temperature High Pressure.
To soak straw powder particle and insert fermentation 8-12 hour in fermentation vat.
In the straw powder particle having fermented, add activeconstituents and stir, activeconstituents is Potcrate or/and saltpetre, and the amount that activeconstituents adds is the 2-3% weight percent of straw powder particle total amount.In the straw powder particle having fermented, add activeconstituents and stir, activeconstituents be Potcrate or/and saltpetre plays the effect of ignition dope, be conducive to the sufficient combustion of later stage stalk solid molding fuel while using.
Due to biochemical treatment, especially the effect of the cellulase of cellulose-decomposing bacteria secretion, not only effectively destroy the ordered structure of original hydrogen bond in stalk fibre and formation thereof, and macromolecular Mierocrystalline cellulose is directly degraded to some extent, even in the process of biological fermentation processing, part wax also may be decomposed, thereby the difficulty of its machine-shaping is significantly reduced.
In addition to the implementation, the present invention can also have other embodiments.All employings are equal to the technical scheme of replacement or equivalent transformation formation, all drop on the protection domain of requirement of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. the pre-treating process of rice wheat straw solid molding fuel densification, is characterized in that: according to the following steps:
(1) by the crushed stalk of weight percent moisture content≤12%, obtain straw powder particle;
(2) in water, add a small amount of alkaline matter, be mixed with spray solution, described alkaline matter is unslaked lime, and the amount that described alkaline matter adds is the 1-2% weight percent of spray solution total amount;
By step (2) prepared spray solution be sprayed on straw powder particle, make straw powder particle wetting;
(4) step wetting straw powder particle is (3) inserted to the 8-12 hour that ferments in fermentation vat;
(5) in the straw powder particle having fermented, add activeconstituents and stir, described activeconstituents is Potcrate or/and saltpetre, and the amount that described activeconstituents adds is the 2-3% weight percent of straw powder particle total amount;
Described step (2) in, in spray solution, also add domestication's oxytolerant, alkaline-resisting cellulose decomposition tyrothricin, the amount that described domestication's oxytolerant, alkaline-resisting cellulose decomposition tyrothricin add is the 0.5-1.5% weight percent of spray solution total amount.
2. the pre-treating process of rice wheat straw solid molding fuel as claimed in claim 1 densification, is characterized in that: described step (3) in, the amount that spray solution is sprayed is every kilogram of straw powder particle spray 40-80 gram.
3. the pre-treating process of rice wheat straw solid molding fuel as claimed in claim 1 densification, is characterized in that: described step (1) in, the granularity of straw powder particle is 1-10 ㎜.
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| CN102952602A (en) * | 2011-08-19 | 2013-03-06 | 遵义市奇坤秸秆能源开发有限公司 | Processing method of biomass (waste) fuel product |
| CN102604997A (en) * | 2012-03-28 | 2012-07-25 | 北京化工大学 | Method for improving yield of biogas by pre-treating wheat straws under conditions of medium temperature and water saturation state by ammonium hydroxide |
| CN103146452B (en) * | 2013-03-28 | 2014-06-04 | 东北农业大学 | Production and process method for cornstalk cured fuel in cold region |
| CN103923719B (en) * | 2014-04-08 | 2015-11-18 | 洪洞县利众生物质能源有限公司 | A kind of composite solid fuel |
| CN105112118A (en) * | 2015-09-01 | 2015-12-02 | 滁州科菁生物科技有限公司 | Raw material pretreatment technology used for biomass fuel |
| CN105419901B (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2018-07-31 | 黔南州山川生物科技有限公司 | A kind of arbor-vitae, pine needle, Radix Notoginseng composite biomass fuel and preparation method thereof |
| CN105482866B (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2019-04-02 | 黔南州山川生物科技有限公司 | A kind of biomass fuel and preparation method thereof |
| CN108251176A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-07-06 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of shaped granule fuel and preparation method thereof |
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| US20120036768A1 (en) * | 2008-11-21 | 2012-02-16 | Richard Phillips | High consistency enzymatic hydrolysis for the production of ethanol |
| CN101519616B (en) * | 2009-03-27 | 2013-08-14 | 同济大学 | Biomass fuel as well as preparation and application thereof |
| CN101768494A (en) * | 2010-03-09 | 2010-07-07 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | Straw densification briquetting fuel preparation method for biomass power generation and boiler combustion |
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