CN102148368A - Preparation method of lithium ion battery anode composite material and special device thereof - Google Patents
Preparation method of lithium ion battery anode composite material and special device thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102148368A CN102148368A CN2011100457422A CN201110045742A CN102148368A CN 102148368 A CN102148368 A CN 102148368A CN 2011100457422 A CN2011100457422 A CN 2011100457422A CN 201110045742 A CN201110045742 A CN 201110045742A CN 102148368 A CN102148368 A CN 102148368A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a lithium ion battery anode composite material and a special device thereof. The preparation method is characterized by comprising a first scheme, a second scheme and a third scheme, in the first scheme, a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition method is used for synthesizing sp2-hybridized and carbon nano-material-coated lithium ion battery anode material LiFePO4 growing in-situ; in the second scheme, a direct plasma polymerization method is used for preparing LiFePO4/conductive macromolecular composite material; and in the third scheme, a plasma in-situ polymerization method is used for preparing LiFePO4/conductive macromolecular composite material. The special device for preparing the anode composite material comprises a plasma high-temperature quartz tube-type furnace, one end of the plasma high-temperature quartz tube-type furnace is provided with a reducing gas inlet pipe and a reaction gas inlet pipe and the other end of the same is provided with a gas suction pipe, and an inductance coupling plasma coil with two ends connected with radio frequency power sources is wound on the outer surface of the furnace. Tthe preparation method has the advantages of effectively improving the electric conductivity of the lithium ion battery and being simple in technological process, and the special device is simple in structure and convenient in operation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of lithium ion battery, relate in particular to a kind of preparation method and isolated plant thereof of anode composite material of lithium ion battery.
Background technology
Lithium ion battery is the green high-capacity battery of a new generation, numerous advantages such as have that voltage height, energy density are big, good cycle, self discharge are little, memory-less effect, operating temperature range are wide, be widely used in mobile phone, notebook computer, UPS, video camera, various portable power tool, electronic instrument, weaponry etc., also have a good application prospect in electric automobile, the key problem in technology of lithium ion battery fast development is the development of anode material for lithium-ion batteries.
At present, anode material for lithium-ion batteries mainly adopts LiFePO
4, since its theoretical specific capacity (170 mAh/g) and voltage platform height (3.4 V are with respect to Li/Li
+), have advantages such as cheap, environmental protection, Heat stability is good, safe and cycle performance be superior, but LiFePO
4Positive electrode exists low conductivity, low Li
+LiFePO in diffusion coefficient, low energy content of battery density and the building-up process
4Purity is difficult to problems such as control, therefore, can solve the problem of above-mentioned existence by the preparation anode composite material of lithium ion battery.
The preparation method of existing anode composite material of lithium ion battery mainly comprises LiFePO
4The method of coated with carbon bed and with LiFePO
4The method of surface coated with conductive macromolecular material:
(1) with LiFePO
4Coated with carbon bed mainly is that the carbon nanomaterial with sp2 hydridization mixes LiFePO as conductive agent
4Powder can increase LiFePO
4Surface electronic conductivity, and improve material than the charge-discharge performance under the high current density, but carbon nanomaterial mix the method that generally all adopts mechanical mixture, and generally all need the heating process more than 2 times, its preparation process complexity; Because the LiFePO of mechanical mixture gained
4In/carbon nanomaterial the composite material, LiFePO
4And mixing uniformity is poor between the carbon nanomaterial, exists the space can't realize combining closely between the material, makes its actual bulk density effectively to improve, and therefore reduces the energy density of electrode easily, and the performance of battery can't be effectively improved; Carbon is that inert matter and density are little simultaneously, and the affiliation that adds of material with carbon element reduces LiFePO in the battery
4Loading.In addition, material with carbon element can not well adsorb lithium battery electrolytes, has reduced positive electrode LiFePO
4Utilance, thereby influence the performance of battery.
(2) with LiFePO
4The method of surface coated with conductive macromolecular material not only can increase LiFePO
4Electrical conductance, and can improve LiFePO
4Dispersive property and control its granular size, at present the surface of conducting polymer coats the main wet method that adopts and coats the LiFePO that is about to make
4Be dispersed in the solvent again, add the conducting high polymers monomer, polymerization reaction take place under action of evocating is coated on LiFePO with conducting polymer
4The surface obtains the LiFePO that conducting polymer coats through Separation of Solid and Liquid, drying again
4Anode composite material, but this wet method coating technology complex technical process not only, and can not make conducting polymer composite be evenly distributed on LiFePO
4The surface, be unfavorable for LiFePO
4And combining closely between the conducting polymer composite makes its actual bulk density effectively to improve, and therefore reduces the energy density of electrode easily, and the performance of battery can't be effectively improved.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of preparation method and isolated plant thereof of anode composite material of lithium ion battery, can make the carbon nanomaterial of sp2 hydridization or conducting polymer composite be evenly distributed on LiFePO
4LiFePO is realized on the surface of particle
4And combining closely between the carbon nanomaterial of sp2 hydridization or the conducting polymer composite, effectively improve the electric conductivity of lithium ion battery, and technical process is simple, and this isolated plant is simple in structure, easy to operate, can be used for effectively improving the electric conductivity of lithium ion battery.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme one that is adopted: a kind of preparation method of anode composite material of lithium ion battery, the carbon nanomaterial coated lithium ion battery positive electrode LiFePO of employing sp2 hydridization
4, specifically may further comprise the steps:
(1) pretreatment of raw material
With metal iron powder, ferric phosphate, lithium phosphate in molar ratio 1:2:1 mixed evenly after; under argon gas or nitrogen atmosphere protection; ball milling 10-48h; the ball milling product that obtains is placed plasma reaction device; vacuumize and remove impurity and steam; and be depressurized to below 5 Pa, feeding reducibility gas to pressure then is 100-1000 Pa, and the ball milling product is heated to 100-300
OC, constant temperature preliminary treatment 10-30 min removes the oxide on ball milling product surface, obtains substrate material;
(2) using plasma enhancing chemical vapour deposition technique prepares LiFePO
4The carbon nano-composite material of/sp2 hydridization
Substrate material temperature in 30-50 minute is elevated to 800-1200
oC forms LiFePO
4Positive electrode feeds through H in plasma reaction device then
2Perhaps NH
3Carbon-source gas to the pressure of dilution is 50-1000 Pa, at radio-frequency power is under the condition of 10-300W, carbon-source gas is carried out plasma discharge 30-50min, form the carbon nanomaterial of sp2 hydridization, and the carbon nanomaterial of described sp2 hydridization is coated on LiFePO
4Particle surface is closed radio frequency and heating power supply then, stops to feed carbon-source gas, continue to feed reducibility gas, be cooled to room temperature after, promptly obtain the anode composite material of lithium ion battery that the carbon nanomaterial of sp2 hydridization coats.
The carbon nanomaterial of described sp2 hydridization comprises carbon nano-tube, carbon nanosheet and Graphene.
Carbon-source gas and H
2Perhaps carbon-source gas and NH
3The mixed of 1:1-1:5 by volume, described carbon-source gas is any in methane, ethene and the acetylene.
Described reducibility gas is NH
3And H
2In one or both.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme that adopts two: a kind of preparation method of anode composite material of lithium ion battery, adopt conducting polymer composite coated lithium ion battery positive electrode LiFePO
4, utilize the direct polymerization of plasma to prepare LiFePO
4/ conductive polymer composite specifically may further comprise the steps:
With LiFePO
4Powder 0.5-10 g/L by weight joins in the plasma reaction device, with H
2As the carrier gas of the gas phase monomer that is used for plasma polymerization, this gas phase monomer is incorporated in the plasma polymerization device, be 10-100Pa at gas pressure intensity, radio-frequency power is 10-300W, temperature is 20-200
oUnder the condition of C, the gas phase monomer is carried out plasma discharge 1-300 min, polymerization forms conducting polymer composite, and described conducting polymer composite is coated on LiFePO
4Particle surface, close radio frequency and heating power supply, stop to feed the gas phase monomer that is used for polymerization reaction, products therefrom was placed the dry 24-48 of vacuum tank hour, promptly get the anode composite material of lithium ion battery that conducting polymer composite coats, wherein said gas phase monomer is any in aniline (An), styrene (St), pyrroles and the vinyl pyrrolidone.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme that adopts three: a kind of preparation method of anode composite material of lithium ion battery, adopt conducting polymer composite coated lithium ion battery positive electrode LiFePO
4, specifically may further comprise the steps:
(1) pretreatment of raw material
With metal iron powder, ferric phosphate, lithium phosphate in molar ratio 1:2:1 mixed evenly after; under argon gas or nitrogen atmosphere protection; ball milling 10 ~ 48h; the ball milling product that obtains is placed plasma reaction device; vacuumize and remove impurity and steam; and be depressurized to below 5 Pa, feeding reducibility gas to pressure then is 100-1000 Pa, and the ball milling product is heated to 100-300
OC, constant temperature preliminary treatment 10 ~ 30 min remove the oxide on ball milling product surface, obtain substrate material;
(2) the using plasma situ aggregation method prepares LiFePO
4/ conducting polymer composite material
In 30-50 minute, temperature is elevated to 450-800 with substrate material
oC, constant temperature calcining 10-60 min forms LiFePO
4Positive electrode is cooled to 20-200
OCAfter, with H
2As the carrier gas of the gas phase monomer that is used for plasma polymerization, this gas phase monomer is incorporated in the plasma reaction device, be 10-300 W at radio-frequency power, gas pressure intensity is 10-100Pa, temperature is 20-200
OCCondition under, the gas phase monomer is carried out plasma discharge 1-300 min, polymerization forms conducting polymer composite, and described conducting polymer composite is coated on LiFePO
4Particle surface, close radio frequency and heating power supply, stop to feed the gas phase monomer that is used for polymerization reaction, products therefrom was placed the dry 24-48 of vacuum tank hour, promptly get the anode composite material of lithium ion battery that conducting polymer composite coats, wherein said gas phase monomer is any in aniline (An), styrene (St), pyrroles and the vinyl pyrrolidone.
Described reducibility gas is NH
3And H
2In one or both.
A kind of preparation method's of anode composite material of lithium ion battery isolated plant, described plasma reaction device comprises the plasma high-temperature quartz tube furnace, described plasma high-temperature quartz tube furnace one end is provided with reducibility gas air inlet pipe and reacting gas air inlet pipe, the described plasma high-temperature quartz tube furnace other end is provided with exhaust tube, described exhaust tube connects aspiration pump, described plasma high-temperature quartz tube furnace outer surface is wound with the inductively coupled plasma coil, and the two ends of described inductively coupled plasma coil connect radio frequency power source.
Described reducibility gas air inlet pipe is provided with the electric flow control valve and first by-pass valve control, and described reacting gas air inlet pipe is provided with second by-pass valve control, and described exhaust tube is provided with the 3rd by-pass valve control and vacuum gauge.
Described reacting gas air inlet pipe connects the carbon-source gas air feed bottle or is used for the monomer vapor air feed bottle of plasma polymerization.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
Scheme one using plasma strengthens the carbon nanomaterial coated lithium ion battery positive electrode LiFePO of chemical vapour deposition (CVD) growth in situ sp2 hydridization
4Be relatively cheap and be the method that realizes easily that its preparation process is simple and can make LiFePO
4Mix with the carbon nanomaterial of sp2 hydridization, realize both combining closely, thereby effectively improve bulk density; Hydrophilic radical is contained on the carbon nanomaterial surface of the sp2 hydridization of using plasma electric discharge preparation, can effectively adsorb electrolyte, thereby increases LiFePO
4Positive electrode and battery electrolyte contact, quicken electric current pass through and improve positive electrode LiFePO
4Utilance, thereby improved the electric conductivity of lithium battery.
Scheme two, three using plasma polymerizations are a kind of succinct dry method coating technologies at the new technique that the LiFePO4 particle surface coats the plasma polymerization conducting polymer composite, this method need not Separation of Solid and Liquid and drying, preparation process is simple, can make conducting polymer composite be evenly distributed on LiFePO simultaneously
4The surface, help LiFePO
4And combining closely between the conducting polymer composite effectively improves its actual bulk density, thereby improved the electric conductivity of lithium battery,
The method of using plasma in-situ polymerization can effectively be controlled LiFePO in the such scheme one, three of the present invention
4The size of particle, the reducibility gas of Tong Ruing can suppress LiFePO simultaneously
4Fe in the particle
3+The generation of impurity has improved the purity of anode composite material of lithium ion battery.
Isolated plant-plasma reaction device of the preparation method of a kind of anode composite material of lithium ion battery of realization that the present invention adopts, simple in structure, easy to operate, parameters such as the pressure by regulating plasma reaction, temperature, can regulate and control the performance of anode composite material of lithium ion battery, therefore utilize this device can obtain to have the anode composite material of lithium ion battery of desired structure and performance.
In sum, the preparation method of a kind of anode composite material of lithium ion battery of the present invention and isolated plant thereof can make the carbon nanomaterial of sp2 hydridization or conducting polymer composite be evenly distributed on LiFePO
4LiFePO is realized on the surface of particle
4And combining closely between the carbon nanomaterial of sp2 hydridization or the conducting polymer composite effectively improved the electric conductivity of lithium ion battery and the preparation method of the simple anode composite material of lithium ion battery of technical process.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is used to prepare the schematic diagram of the plasma reaction device of anode composite material of lithium ion battery for the present invention;
Fig. 2 is pure LiFePO
4Cycle performance under different charge-discharge magnifications (25 ℃ of probe temperatures);
Fig. 3 is the LiFePO that the carbon nano-tube of embodiment one gained coats
4Cycle performance under different charge-discharge magnifications (25 ℃ of probe temperatures);
Fig. 4 is the LiFePO of the direct polymerization preparation of the using plasma of embodiment four gained
4The cycle performance (probe temperature 25 ℃) of/polyaniline composite material under different charge-discharge magnifications;
Fig. 5 is the LiFePO of the using plasma situ aggregation method preparation of embodiment eight gained
4The cycle performance (probe temperature 25 ℃) of/polyaniline composite material under different charge-discharge magnifications.
Embodiment
Embodiment describes in further detail the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
One embodiment
The preparation method of a kind of anode composite material of lithium ion battery of the present invention, the anode material for lithium-ion batteries LiFePO that the carbon nano-tube of utilizing the plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition method to synthesize growth in situ coats
4, specifically may further comprise the steps:
(1) 2.86 gram (0.05 mole) metal iron powders, 15.1 gram (0.1 mole) ferric phosphates, 6.37 gram (0.05 mole) lithium phosphates are mixed, said mixture is put into the ball mill container of applying argon gas atmosphere, ball milling 48 h, the ball milling product is placed plasma reaction device, utilize mechanical pump that reative cell is vacuumized to remove impurity and steam, after the pressure of reative cell is less than 5 Pa, feed reducibility gas H
2To pressure be 100 Pa, the ball milling product is heated to 300
OC, constant temperature is handled 10 min, removes the oxide on ball milling product surface, obtains substrate material;
2) temperature in the substrate material 30 minutes is elevated to 800
oC, in this process, the LiFePO that continuous stirring generates
4Dusty material feeds carbon-source gas CH
4With H
2Gaseous mixture (CH
4With H
2Volume ratio be 1:5, use H
2Dilution CH
4Reduce CH
4Gas density helps the abundant reaction of carbon-source gas) be plasma discharge atmosphere, regulating total gas pressure intensity is 50Pa, opens radio-frequency power supply, the adjusting radio-frequency power is 10W, to carbon-source gas CH
4After carrying out plasma 30min, form carbon nano-tube, carbon nano-tube effectively is coated on LiFePO simultaneously
4Powder surface is closed radio frequency and heating power supply then, stops to feed carbon-source gas CH
4With H
2Gaseous mixture, the reaction indoor temperature begins to descend, and feeds reducibility gas H simultaneously
2, wait for that reative cell naturally cools to room temperature, promptly obtain the anode material for lithium-ion batteries that carbon nano-tube coats.
In this specific embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, isolated plant-the plasma reaction device that is used to prepare anode composite material of lithium ion battery comprises plasma high-temperature quartz tube furnace 1, these plasma high quartz tube furnace 1 one ends are provided with reducibility gas air inlet pipe 2 and reacting gas air inlet pipe 3, (reducibility gas air inlet pipe 2 and reacting gas air inlet pipe 3 are communicated with 1 sealing of plasma high-temperature quartz tube furnace), this plasma high quartz tube furnace 1 other end is provided with exhaust tube 4, (exhaust tube 4 is communicated with 1 sealing of plasma high-temperature quartz tube furnace) exhaust tube 4 is connected aspiration pump 5, this plasma high quartz tube furnace 1 outer surface is wound with inductively coupled plasma coil 6, the two ends of this inductively coupled plasma coil 6 connect radio frequency power source 7, above-mentioned reducibility gas air inlet pipe 2 is provided with the electric flow control valve 8 and first by-pass valve control 9, above-mentioned reacting gas air inlet pipe 3 is provided with second by-pass valve control 10, this reacting gas air inlet pipe connects the carbon-source gas air feed bottle or is used for the monomer vapor air feed bottle of plasma polymerization, and exhaust tube 4 is provided with the 3rd by-pass valve control 11 and vacuum gauge 12.
Embodiment 2
The preparation method of a kind of anode composite material of lithium ion battery of the present invention, the anode material for lithium-ion batteries LiFePO that the carbon nanosheet that utilizes the plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition method to synthesize growth in situ coats
4, may further comprise the steps:
(1) 2.86 gram (0.05 mole) metal iron powders, 15.1 gram (0.1 mole) ferric phosphates, 6.37 gram (0.05 mole) lithium phosphates are mixed, said mixture is put into the ball mill container of applying argon gas atmosphere, ball milling 36h, the ball milling product places plasma reaction device, utilize mechanical pump that reative cell is vacuumized to remove impurity and steam, feed reducibility gas H then
2To pressure be 500 Pa, the ball milling product is heated to 200
OC, constant temperature is handled 20 min,, remove the oxide on ball milling product surface, obtain substrate material;
(2) temperature in the substrate material 40 minutes is elevated to 1000
oC, in this process, continuous stirring generates LiFePO
4Dusty material feeds carbon-source gas C then
2H
4(carbon-source gas also can be acetylene) and H
2Gaseous mixture (C
2H
4With H
2Volume ratio be 1:1) for plasma discharge atmosphere, regulating total gas pressure intensity is 500Pa, opens radio-frequency power supply, the adjusting radio-frequency power is 100W, to carbon-source gas C
2H
4After carrying out plasma discharge 40min, form carbon nanosheet, and this carbon nanosheet effectively is coated on LiFePO
4Powder surface is closed radio frequency and heating power supply then, stops to feed carbon-source gas C
2H
4With H
2Gaseous mixture, the reaction indoor temperature begins to descend, and feeds reducibility gas H simultaneously
2, wait for that reative cell naturally cools to room temperature, promptly get the anode material for lithium-ion batteries that carbon nanosheet coats.
In this specific embodiment, be used to prepare the composition of isolated plant-plasma reaction device of anode composite material of lithium ion battery and annexation with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
The preparation method of a kind of anode composite material of lithium ion battery of the present invention, the anode material for lithium-ion batteries LiFePO that the Graphene that utilizes the plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition method to synthesize growth in situ coats
4, may further comprise the steps:
(1) 2.86 gram (0.05 mole) metal iron powders, 15.1 gram (0.1 mole) ferric phosphates, 6.37 gram (0.05 mole) lithium phosphates are mixed in proportion, said mixture is put into the ball mill container of applying argon gas atmosphere, ball milling 48 h, the ball milling product places plasma reaction device as substrate, utilize mechanical pump that reative cell is vacuumized to remove impurity and steam, and be depressurized to below 5 Pa, feed reducibility gas H then
2To pressure be 1000 Pa, the ball milling product is heated to 100
OC, constant temperature is handled 30 min,, remove the oxide on ball milling product surface, obtain substrate material;
(2) temperature in the substrate material 50 minutes is elevated to 1200
oC, in this process, continuous stirring generates LiFePO
4Dusty material feeds carbon-source gas C then
2H
4(carbon-source gas also can be acetylene) and H
2Gaseous mixture (C
2H
4With H
2Volume ratio be 1:3) for plasma discharge atmosphere, regulating total gas pressure intensity is 1000 Pa, opens radio-frequency power supply, the adjusting radio-frequency power is 300W, to carbon-source gas C
2H
4After carrying out plasma discharge 50min, form Graphene, and this Graphene effectively is coated on LiFePO
4Powder surface is closed radio frequency and heating power supply then, stops to feed carbon-source gas C
2H
4With H
2Gaseous mixture, the reaction indoor temperature begins to descend, and feeds reducibility gas H simultaneously
2, wait for that reative cell naturally cools to room temperature, promptly get the anode material for lithium-ion batteries that Graphene coats
4
In this specific embodiment, be used to prepare the composition of isolated plant-plasma reaction device of anode composite material of lithium ion battery and annexation with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4
The preparation method of a kind of anode composite material of lithium ion battery of the present invention, the direct polymerization of using plasma prepares LiFePO
4/ polyaniline composite material may further comprise the steps:
LiFePO with 500 mg
4Powder joins in the plasma reaction device that volume is 1L, and plasma reaction device is evacuated to below the 10Pa, charges into working gas N again
2To pressure be the purity that 10Pa(helps the working gas in the plasma reaction device), adopt magnetic stirring apparatus to LiFePO
4Sample stirs in real time, with H
2Be carrier gas, aniline (An) monomer vapor that will be used for plasma polymerization is incorporated into plasma reaction device, by regulating H
2The flow stagnation pressure of controlling reactor reach 10 Pa, open radio-frequency power supply, the adjusting radio-frequency power is 10W, produces plasma, aniline under the effect of plasma (An) monomer polymerization forms conductive polymer polyanilinc, and this conductive polymer polyanilinc is coated on LiFePO
4Particle surface, hierarchy of control temperature is 20
OC, behind the question response 300min, close radio frequency and heating power supply, stop to feed the aniline monomer steam, products therefrom was placed vacuum tank dry 24 hours, promptly get the LiFePO that polyaniline coats
4Composite material.
In this specific embodiment, be used to prepare the composition of isolated plant-plasma reaction device of anode composite material of lithium ion battery and annexation with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 5
The preparation method of a kind of anode composite material of lithium ion battery of the present invention, the direct polymerization of using plasma prepares LiFePO
4/ Pt/Polypyrrole composite material may further comprise the steps:
LiFePO with 1000 mg
4Powder joins in the plasma reaction device that volume is 1L, adopts magnetic stirring apparatus to LiFePO
4Sample stirs in real time, with H
2As the carrier gas of the pyrrole monomer that is used for plasma polymerization, the steam of this pyrrole monomer is incorporated in the plasma reaction device, by regulating H
2The flow stagnation pressure of controlling reactor reach 100Pa, open radio-frequency power supply, the adjusting radio-frequency power is 300W, produces plasma, the pyrrole monomer polymerization forms the conducting polymer polypyrrole under the effect of plasma, and is coated on LiFePO
4Particle surface, hierarchy of control temperature is 200
OC, behind the question response 10min, close radio frequency and heating power supply, stop to feed the pyrrole monomer steam, products therefrom was placed vacuum tank dry 48 hours, obtain the anode composite material of lithium ion battery that polypyrrole coats.
In this specific embodiment, be used to prepare the composition of isolated plant-plasma reaction device of anode composite material of lithium ion battery and annexation with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 6
The preparation method of a kind of anode composite material of lithium ion battery of the present invention, the direct polymerization of using plasma prepares LiFePO
4/ polystyrene (St) composite material may further comprise the steps:
LiFePO with 800 mg
4Powder joins in the plasma reaction device that volume is 1L, adopts magnetic stirring apparatus to LiFePO
4Sample stirs in real time, with H
2Be carrier gas, the steam that will be used for the styrene monomer of plasma polymerization is incorporated into plasma reaction device, by regulating H
2The flow stagnation pressure of controlling reactor reach 50Pa, open radio-frequency power supply, the adjusting radio-frequency power is 100W, produces plasma, the styrene monomer polymerization forms the conducting polymer polystyrene under the effect of plasma, and is coated on LiFePO
4Particle surface, hierarchy of control temperature is 100
OC, behind the question response 100min, close radio frequency and heating power supply, stop to feed the styrene monomer steam, products therefrom was placed vacuum tank dry 36 hours, obtain the anode composite material of lithium ion battery that polystyrene coats.
In this specific embodiment, be used to prepare the composition of isolated plant-plasma reaction device of anode composite material of lithium ion battery and annexation with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 7
The preparation method of a kind of anode composite material of lithium ion battery of the present invention, the direct polymerization of using plasma prepares LiFePO
4/ PVP composite material may further comprise the steps:
LiFePO with 700 mg
4Powder joins in the plasma reaction device that volume is 1L, adopts magnetic stirring apparatus to LiFePO
4Sample stirs in real time, with H
2Be carrier gas, the steam that will be used for the vinylpyrrolidone monomer of plasma polymerization is incorporated into plasma reaction device, by regulating H
2The flow stagnation pressure of controlling reactor reach 60Pa, open radio-frequency power supply, the adjusting radio-frequency power is 200W, produces plasma, the vinylpyrrolidone monomer polymerization forms the conducting polymer PVP under the effect of plasma, and is coated on LiFePO
4Particle surface, hierarchy of control temperature is 150
OC, behind the question response 1min, close radio frequency and heating power supply, stop to feed the vinylpyrrolidone monomer steam, products therefrom was placed vacuum tank dry 36 hours, obtain the anode composite material of lithium ion battery that PVP coats.
In this specific embodiment, be used to prepare the composition of isolated plant-plasma reaction device of anode composite material of lithium ion battery and annexation with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 8
The preparation method of a kind of anode composite material of lithium ion battery of the present invention, the using plasma situ aggregation method prepares LiFePO
4/ polyaniline composite material is also promptly at LiFePO
4Original position coats the layer/polyaniline conductive polymer when forming, and may further comprise the steps:
(1) 2.86 gram (0.05 mole) metal iron powders, 15.1 gram (0.1 mole) ferric phosphates, 6.37 gram (0.05 mole) lithium phosphates are mixed, said mixture is put into the ball mill container of applying argon gas or nitrogen atmosphere, ball milling 10h, the ball milling product is placed plasma reaction device, utilize mechanical pump that reative cell is vacuumized to remove impurity and steam, after the pressure of reative cell is less than 5 Pa, charging into reducibility gas to pressure again is 100Pa, and the ball milling product is heated to 100
OC, constant temperature is handled 10min, removes the oxide on ball milling product surface, obtains substrate material;
(2) substrate material temperature in 30 minutes is elevated to 450
oC, constant temperature calcining 10 min form LiFePO
4Positive electrode is cooled to 20
OCAfter, adopt the LiFePO of magnetic stirring apparatus to generating
4Sample stirs in real time, then with H
2Be carrier gas, the aniline monomer steam that will be used for plasma polymerization is incorporated into plasma reaction device, and the stagnation pressure of reactor maintains 10 Pa, opens radio-frequency power supply, and the adjusting radio-frequency power is 10W, and hierarchy of control temperature is 20
OC, aniline monomer is carried out plasma discharge 1min, the aniline monomer polymerization forms conductive polymer polyanilinc under the effect of plasma, and is coated on generated in-situ LiFePO
4Particle surface is closed radio frequency and heating power supply, stops to feed the aniline monomer steam, and products therefrom was placed vacuum tank dry 24 hours, promptly obtains the anode composite material of lithium ion battery that conductive polymer polyanilinc coats.
In this specific embodiment, be used to prepare the composition of isolated plant-plasma reaction device of anode composite material of lithium ion battery and annexation with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 9
The preparation method of a kind of anode composite material of lithium ion battery of the present invention, the using plasma situ aggregation method prepares LiFePO
4/ Pt/Polypyrrole composite material is also promptly at LiFePO
4Original position coats the polypyrrole conducting polymer when forming, and specifically may further comprise the steps:
(1) 2.86 gram (0.05 mole) metal iron powders, 15.1 gram (0.1 mole) ferric phosphates, 6.37 gram (0.05 mole) lithium phosphates are mixed, said mixture is put into the ball mill container of applying argon gas atmosphere, ball milling 48h, the ball milling product is placed plasma reaction device, utilize mechanical pump that reative cell is vacuumized to remove impurity and steam, feeding reducibility gas to pressure is 1000Pa, and the ball milling product is heated to 300
OC, constant temperature is handled 30min, removes the oxide on ball milling product surface, obtains substrate material;
(2) substrate material temperature in 50 minutes is elevated to 800
oC, constant temperature calcining 60 min form LiFePO
4Positive electrode is cooled to 200
OCAfter, adopt the LiFePO of magnetic stirring apparatus to generating
4Sample stirs in real time, then with H
2Be carrier gas, the pyrrole monomer steam that will be used for plasma polymerization is incorporated into plasma reaction device, and the stagnation pressure of reactor maintains 100 Pa, opens radio-frequency power supply, and the adjusting radio-frequency power is 300W, and hierarchy of control temperature is 200
OC, pyrrole monomer is carried out plasma discharge 300min, the pyrrole monomer polymerization forms the conducting polymer polypyrrole under the effect of plasma, and is coated on generated in-situ LiFePO
4Particle surface is closed radio frequency and heating power supply, stops to feed monomer vapor, and products therefrom was placed vacuum tank dry 48 hours, promptly obtains the anode composite material of lithium ion battery that the conducting polymer polypyrrole coats.
In this specific embodiment, be used to prepare the composition of isolated plant-plasma reaction device of anode composite material of lithium ion battery and annexation with embodiment 1.
The preparation method of a kind of anode composite material of lithium ion battery of the present invention, the using plasma situ aggregation method prepares LiFePO
4/ polystyrene (St) composite material is also promptly at LiFePO
4Original position coats the polystyrene conducting polymer when forming, and specifically may further comprise the steps:
(1) 2.86 gram (0.05 mole) metal iron powders, 15.1 gram (0.1 mole) ferric phosphates, 6.37 gram (0.05 mole) lithium phosphates are mixed, said mixture is put into the ball mill container of applying argon gas atmosphere, ball milling 24 h, the ball milling product places plasma reaction device as substrate, utilize mechanical pump that reative cell is vacuumized to remove impurity and steam, feeding reducibility gas to pressure is 200Pa, and the ball milling product is heated to 200
OC, constant temperature is handled 20min, removes the oxide on ball milling product surface, obtains substrate material;
(2) substrate material temperature in 40 minutes is elevated to 650
oC, constant temperature calcining 50 min form LiFePO
4Positive electrode is cooled to 100
OCAfter, adopt the LiFePO of magnetic stirring apparatus to generating
4Sample stirs in real time, then with H
2Be carrier gas, the styrene monomer steam that will be used for plasma polymerization is incorporated into plasma reaction device, and the stagnation pressure of reactor maintains 50 Pa, opens radio-frequency power supply, and the adjusting radio-frequency power is 200W, and hierarchy of control temperature is 100
OC, styrene monomer is carried out plasma discharge 60 min, the styrene monomer polymerization forms the conducting polymer polystyrene under the effect of plasma, and is coated on generated in-situ LiFePO
4Particle surface is closed radio frequency and heating power supply, stops to feed the styrene monomer steam, and products therefrom was placed vacuum tank dry 36 hours, promptly obtains the anode composite material of lithium ion battery that the conducting polymer polystyrene coats.
In this specific embodiment, be used to prepare the composition of isolated plant-plasma reaction device of anode composite material of lithium ion battery and annexation with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 11
The preparation method of a kind of anode composite material of lithium ion battery of the present invention, the using plasma situ aggregation method prepares LiFePO
4/ PVP composite material is also promptly at LiFePO
4Original position coats the PVP conducting polymer when forming, and specifically may further comprise the steps:
(1) 2.86 gram (0.05 mole) metal iron powders, 15.1 gram (0.1 mole) ferric phosphates, 6.37 gram (0.05 mole) lithium phosphates are mixed in proportion, said mixture is put into the ball mill container of applying argon gas atmosphere, ball milling 42h, the ball milling product places plasma reaction device, utilize mechanical pump that reative cell is vacuumized to remove impurity and steam, feeding reducibility gas to pressure is 500Pa, and the ball milling product is heated to 250
OC, constant temperature is handled 25min, removes the oxide on ball milling product surface, obtains substrate material;
(2) with substrate material in 35 minutes, temperature is elevated to 600
oC, constant temperature calcining 30 min form LiFePO
4Positive electrode is cooled to 80
oBehind the C, adopt the LiFePO of magnetic stirring apparatus to generating
4Sample stirs in real time, then with H
2Be carrier gas, the vinylpyrrolidone monomer steam that will be used for plasma polymerization is incorporated into plasma reaction device, and the stagnation pressure of reactor maintains 80 Pa, opens radio-frequency power supply, and the adjusting radio-frequency power is 150W, and hierarchy of control temperature is 80
OC, PVP is carried out plasma discharge 100min, the PVP monomer polymerization forms the conducting polymer PVP under the effect of plasma, and is coated on generated in-situ LiFePO
4Particle surface is closed radio frequency and heating power supply, stops to feed the vinylpyrrolidone monomer steam, and products therefrom was placed vacuum tank dry 24 hours, promptly obtains the anode composite material of lithium ion battery that the conducting polymer PVP coats.
In this specific embodiment, be used to prepare the composition of isolated plant-plasma reaction device of anode composite material of lithium ion battery and annexation with embodiment 1.
Except that above-mentioned specific embodiment, the working gas that article on plasma precursor reactant container is inflated can be selected from N
2, NH
3, H
2, Ar, steam, O
2And H
2In one or both; Used carbon-source gas can be selected from methane, ethene, acetylene etc.;
Used reducibility gas also can be NH
3Perhaps NH
3And H
2Mist.
Two determination tests
The anode composite material of lithium ion battery of preparation is mixed by mass ratio 811 with conductive agent acetylene black, polyfluortetraethylene of binding element (PTFE), and compressing tablet obtains positive plate, at 120 ℃ of vacuumize 24 h.Negative pole is the lithium sheet, and electrolyte is 1mol/L LiPF
6Both volume ratios of ethylene carbonate EC+ diethyl carbonate DEC(be 1:1) solution, barrier film is the Celgard2400 film, is assembled into button cell in the glove box of argon gas atmosphere.Carry out charge-discharge test with the LAND battery test system at normal temperatures, charging/discharging voltage scope 2.5 V-4.2 V.
Pure LiFePO under 25 ℃
4And the LiFePO of the carbon nano-tube of embodiment one gained coating
4Cycle performance under different charge-discharge magnifications is shown in Fig. 2 and 3.Can see by Fig. 2,0.14,0.34, under the 0.69 and 1.40 C charge-discharge magnifications, the LiFePO that synthetic carbon nano-tube coats
4Specific discharge capacity obviously be better than pure LiFePO
4Material.The LiFePO that synthetic carbon nano-tube coats
4Under 0.14 C charge-discharge magnification, be respectively 162.0 and 156.7 mAh/g with 50 specific discharge capacities first, and pure LiFePO
4Material is respectively 130.2 and 129.4 mAh/g with 50 specific discharge capacities first under 0.14 C charge-discharge magnification.Capacity and cycle performance during high power charging-discharging (1.40 C), the LiFePO that synthetic carbon nano-tube coats
4(being respectively 117.4 and 112.0 mAh/g with 50 specific discharge capacities first) also obviously is better than pure LiFePO
4Material (being respectively 45.9 and 44.8 mAh/g with 50 specific discharge capacities first).
The LiFePO of the direct polymerization preparation of the using plasma of embodiment four gained
4The cycle performance of/polyaniline composite material under different charge-discharge magnifications as shown in Figure 4.Can see by Fig. 4,0.14,0.34, under the 0.69 and 1.40 C charge-discharge magnifications, synthetic LiFePO
4The specific discharge capacity of/polyaniline composite material obviously is better than pure LiFePO
4Material.Synthetic LiFePO
4/ polyaniline composite material is respectively 149.0 and 155.2 mAh/g with 50 specific discharge capacities first under 0.14 C charge-discharge magnification.Capacity and cycle performance during high power charging-discharging (1.40 C), synthetic LiFePO
4/ polyaniline composite material (being respectively 98.4 and 90.4 mAh/g with 50 specific discharge capacities first) also obviously is better than pure LiFePO
4Material.
The LiFePO of the using plasma situ aggregation method preparation of embodiment eight gained
4The cycle performance of/polyaniline composite material under different charge-discharge magnifications as shown in Figure 5.Can see by Fig. 5,0.14,0.34, under the 0.69 and 1.40 C charge-discharge magnifications, synthetic LiFePO
4The specific discharge capacity of/polyaniline composite material obviously is better than pure LiFePO
4Material.Synthetic LiFePO
4/ polyaniline composite material is respectively 157.0 and 158.7 mAh/g with 50 specific discharge capacities first under 0.14 C charge-discharge magnification.Capacity and cycle performance during high power charging-discharging (1.40 C), synthetic LiFePO
4/ polyaniline composite material (being respectively 108.4 and 92.40 mAh/g with 50 specific discharge capacities first) also obviously is better than pure LiFePO
4Material.
In sum, the preparation method of a kind of anode composite material of lithium ion battery of the present invention and isolated plant thereof can make the carbon nanomaterial of sp2 hydridization or conducting polymer composite be evenly distributed on LiFePO
4The surface, realize LiFePO
4And combining closely between the carbon nanomaterial of sp2 hydridization or the conducting polymer composite effectively improved the electric conductivity of lithium ion battery and the preparation method of the simple anode composite material of lithium ion battery of technical process.
Claims (10)
1. the preparation method of an anode composite material of lithium ion battery adopts the carbon nanomaterial coated lithium ion battery positive electrode LiFePO of sp2 hydridization
4, it is characterized in that specifically may further comprise the steps:
(1) pretreatment of raw material
With metal iron powder, ferric phosphate, lithium phosphate in molar ratio 1:2:1 mixed evenly after; under argon gas or nitrogen atmosphere protection; ball milling 10-48h; the ball milling product that obtains is placed plasma reaction device; vacuumize and remove impurity and steam; and be depressurized to below 5 Pa, feeding reducibility gas to pressure then is 100-1000 Pa, and the ball milling product is heated to 100-300
OC, constant temperature preliminary treatment 10-30 min removes the oxide on ball milling product surface, obtains substrate material;
(2) using plasma enhancing chemical vapour deposition technique prepares LiFePO
4The carbon nano-composite material of/sp2 hydridization
Substrate material temperature in 30-50 minute is elevated to 800-1200
oC forms LiFePO
4Positive electrode feeds through H in plasma reaction device then
2Perhaps NH
3Carbon-source gas to the pressure of dilution is 50-1000 Pa, at radio-frequency power is under the condition of 10-300W, carbon-source gas is carried out plasma discharge 30-50min, form the carbon nanomaterial of sp2 hydridization, and the carbon nanomaterial of described sp2 hydridization is coated on LiFePO
4Particle surface is closed radio frequency and heating power supply then, stops to feed carbon-source gas, continue to feed reducibility gas, be cooled to room temperature after, promptly obtain the anode composite material of lithium ion battery that the carbon nanomaterial of sp2 hydridization coats.
2. the preparation method of a kind of anode composite material of lithium ion battery according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the carbon nanomaterial of described sp2 hydridization comprises carbon nano-tube, carbon nanosheet and Graphene.
3. the preparation method of a kind of anode composite material of lithium ion battery according to claim 1 is characterized in that: carbon-source gas and H
2Perhaps carbon-source gas and NH
3The mixed of 1:1-1:5 by volume, described carbon-source gas is any in methane, ethene and the acetylene.
4. the preparation method of a kind of anode composite material of lithium ion battery according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described reducibility gas is NH
3And H
2In one or both.
5. the preparation method of an anode composite material of lithium ion battery adopts conducting polymer composite coated lithium ion battery positive electrode LiFePO
4, it is characterized in that utilizing the direct polymerization of plasma to prepare LiFePO
4/ conductive polymer composite specifically may further comprise the steps:
With LiFePO
4Powder 0.5-10 g/L by weight joins in the plasma reaction device, with H
2Be carrier gas, the gas phase monomer that will be used for plasma polymerization is incorporated into the plasma polymerization device, is 10-100Pa at gas pressure intensity, and radio-frequency power is 10-300W, and temperature is 20-200
oUnder the condition of C, the gas phase monomer is carried out plasma discharge 1-300min, polymerization forms conducting polymer composite, and described conducting polymer composite is coated on LiFePO
4Particle surface, close radio frequency and heating power supply, stop to feed the gas phase monomer that is used for polymerization reaction, products therefrom was placed the dry 24-48 of vacuum tank hour, promptly get the anode composite material of lithium ion battery that conducting polymer composite coats, wherein said gas phase monomer is any in aniline (An), styrene (St), pyrroles and the vinyl pyrrolidone.
6. the preparation method of an anode composite material of lithium ion battery adopts conducting polymer composite coated lithium ion battery positive electrode LiFePO
4, it is characterized in that specifically may further comprise the steps:
(1) pretreatment of raw material
With metal iron powder, ferric phosphate, lithium phosphate in molar ratio 1:2:1 mixed evenly after; under argon gas or nitrogen atmosphere protection; ball milling 10-48h; the ball milling product that obtains is placed plasma reaction device; vacuumize and remove impurity and steam; and be depressurized to below 5 Pa, feeding reducibility gas to pressure then is 100-1000 Pa, and the ball milling product is heated to 100-300
OC, constant temperature preliminary treatment 10-30 min removes the oxide on ball milling product surface, obtains substrate material;
(2) the using plasma situ aggregation method prepares LiFePO
4/ conducting polymer composite material
In 30-50 minute, temperature is elevated to 450-800 with substrate material
oC, constant temperature calcining 10-60 min forms LiFePO
4Positive electrode is with H
2Be carrier gas, the gas phase monomer that will be used for plasma polymerization is incorporated into plasma reaction device, is 10-300W at radio-frequency power, and gas pressure intensity is 10-100Pa, and temperature is 20-200
OCCondition under, the gas phase monomer is carried out plasma discharge 1-300 min, polymerization forms conducting polymer composite, and described conducting polymer composite is coated on LiFePO
4Particle surface, close radio frequency and heating power supply, stop to feed the gas phase monomer that is used for polymerization reaction, products therefrom was placed the dry 24-48 of vacuum tank hour, promptly get the anode composite material of lithium ion battery that conducting polymer composite coats, wherein said gas phase monomer is any in aniline (An), styrene (St), pyrroles and the vinyl pyrrolidone.
7. the preparation method of a kind of anode composite material of lithium ion battery according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described reducibility gas is NH
3And H
2In one or both.
8. isolated plant according to the preparation method of each described anode composite material of lithium ion battery among the claim 1-7, it is characterized in that: described plasma reaction device comprises the plasma high-temperature quartz tube furnace, described plasma high-temperature quartz tube furnace one end is provided with reducibility gas air inlet pipe and reacting gas air inlet pipe, the described plasma high-temperature quartz tube furnace other end is provided with exhaust tube, described exhaust tube connects aspiration pump, described plasma high-temperature quartz tube furnace outer surface is wound with the inductively coupled plasma coil, and the two ends of described inductively coupled plasma coil connect radio frequency power source.
9. the preparation method's of the anode composite material of lithium ion battery described in according to Claim 8 isolated plant, it is characterized in that: described reducibility gas air inlet pipe is provided with the electric flow control valve and first by-pass valve control, described reacting gas air inlet pipe is provided with second by-pass valve control, and described exhaust tube is provided with the 3rd by-pass valve control and vacuum gauge.
10. according to the preparation method's of the anode composite material of lithium ion battery described in the claim 9 isolated plant, it is characterized in that: described reacting gas air inlet pipe connects the carbon-source gas air feed bottle or is used for the single phase gas air feed bottle of plasma polymerization reaction.
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