CN102147478A - Pre-stack low frequency signal recognition method of complex oil pool - Google Patents
Pre-stack low frequency signal recognition method of complex oil pool Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A pre-stack low frequency signal recognition method of complex oil pool comprises the steps of: obtaining the original seismic data by the artificially excited seismic wave, thereby obtaining the geologic horizon file of the target layer; selecting the optimal time window of the geologic horizon file to determine the target layer; separating the near, middle and far offset distance data for the pre-stack seismic data in the target layer; performing spectrum analysis for the data in the target layer range, so as to respectively obtain the oil and gas sensitive optimal frequency ranges of the seismic data before and after the stacking; extracting seismic wave low and high frequency information in the target layer within the oil and gas sensitive optimal frequency ranges by the frequency division technology; detecting whether oil and gas exist or not by the characteristics that the low frequency range energy is enhanced and the high frequency range energy is weakened; and finally comparing with a known exploratory well, and analyzing and outputting the result. In the invention, based on the two-phase medium model much closer to the underground actual situation, the use of the pre-stack low frequency signal with richer information for recognizing the oil and gas reservoir stratums is realized; and compared with traditional indirect method and direct method, the recognition method has the advantages of low cost and high precision.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of recognition methods of complicated oil reservoir, be specifically related to a kind of prestack low frequency signal recognition methods of complicated oil reservoir, belong to the geophysical survey field.
Background technology
Traditionally, the main method of reservoir being carried out oil and gas detection is an indirect method, promptly seeks the structure that may contain oil gas and then definite well location.At present, along with continually developing of hydrocarbon resources, progressively turned to lithologic deposit or process of complex reservoir exploration by the structural deposit exploration, difficulties in exploration continues to increase, and needs to seek new technology and goes to solve the problem that faces.Since finding the bright spot technology, utilized the method for seismic event identification oil reservoir progressively to carry out to prestack inversion, as AVO technology, elastic impedance inverting etc. by the poststack inverting.These new methods have been seen good effect in certain areas, but are not to be applicable to used area, still need to seek the detection problem that new method goes to solve hydrocarbon-bearing pool.On the other hand, former method mostly is based on single-phase dielectric model, and the oily reservoir is typical two-phase media, and this also is not high main cause of former method precision.Two-phase media model and actual conditions are more approaching, and obviously the gas-oil detecting method based on the two-phase media model should have higher precision.Zhang Huixing has proposed a kind of gas-oil detecting method based on the two-phase media model in doctor's thesis in 2004, and has done the numerical model experiment, has also seen good effect in the application of real data.Yet, the method that Zhang Huixing proposes is used in the poststack seismic data, because the pre-stack seismic data is compared with the poststack seismic data, has abundanter information, therefore, the pre-stack seismic data gas-oil detecting method based on the two-phase media model will have higher precision and reliability.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of prestack low frequency signal recognition methods of complicated oil reservoir, be used to the oil-gas exploration of the complicated oil reservoir that is difficult to detect, to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art.
Technical conceive of the present invention is based on present existing two-phase media model, comprising input skew geological data (being prestack image gather data or post-stack migration data altogether) and zone of interest position file; Window when selecting zone of interest best, the length of a complete cycle that can seismic waveshape is as the criterion; Choose the low high-band frequency of oil gas sensitivity then; Utilize frequency splitting technology such as small echo frequency division or triangle filtering frequency division to extract the low-frequency range energy and the high band energy of seismic event again; According to low high band (energy) information of institute's stripping oil air-sensitive sense, just can utilize the prestack low frequency signal and realize oil and gas detection based on the two-phase media model.
The prestack low frequency signal recognition methods of complicated oil reservoir of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
(1) selected exploratory area utilizes artificial excitation's seismic event to obtain original seismic data;
(2) original seismic data is carried out denoising and migration processing flow process, obtain migration before stack image gather data (being the pre-stack seismic data) and poststack seismic data altogether;
(3) mode by existing prospect pit data and above-mentioned seismic data joint in the exploratory area (being the mode of well shake associating) obtains the layer position file of zone of interest;
One of mode of well shake associating is that the geology layering with well projects on the seismic data, and the time with zone of interest extracts and preserve into the layer position file that a form is an ASCII character then;
It is characterized in that this method is further comprising the steps of:
Window when (4) selecting layer position file best and determine zone of interest: select the other seismic trace of arbitrary seismic trace or arbitrary prospect pit, a complete cycle on the layer position of the zone of interest of this seismic trace, selecting seismic waveshape as the time window width, and with the time window as zone of interest;
Can be the top of oil reservoir or bottom window position when determining according to layer position file, if top, window when window was opened downwards from the time that layer position file begins in the time of then, if oil reservoir bottom, window when window was upwards opened from the time that layer position file begins in the time of then, the time window width be the length of a complete cycle of seismic waveshape;
(5) prestack in the zone of interest being total to the image gather data carries out closely, in, the separation of offset distance data far away: the offset distance size that is total to data in the image gather data according to prestack, geological data in the zone of interest is separated into nearly offset distance, middle offset distance and offset distance data far away, pass through overlap-add procedure again and (be about to react the nearly offset distance data of multiple tracks or the middle offset distance data or the offset distance data addition far away of same point, and divided by total road number of participating in sum operation, obtain a track data), and obtain nearly offset distance superposition of data, middle offset distance superposition of data and offset distance superposition of data far away; If the poststack data, then need not to carry out near, in, the separating step of offset distance data far away;
Can be with the ratio of offset distance size and the zone of interest degree of depth less than 1/6 offset distance as nearly offset distance, with the offset distance of ratio between 1/3～1/2 of the offset distance size and the zone of interest degree of depth as in offset distance, with the ratio of offset distance size and the zone of interest degree of depth greater than 2/3 offset distance as offset distance far away;
(6) the characteristic frequency section of searching oil gas sensitivity: by extracting known prospect pit other prestack, poststack, the data in the zone of interest scope are carried out spectrum analysis, ask for the responsive optimum frequency section of oil gas of prestack poststack seismic data respectively;
For guaranteeing that the frequency band scope of analyzing has ubiquity, need choose the other seismic trace of at least two prospect pits analyzes, the frequency band scope that all seismic traces of analyzing are asked for is averaged again, mean value (L1 with low-frequency range, L2) and the mean value of high band (H1 is H2) as the optimum frequency section of oil gas sensitivity;
(7) extract the low high-frequency information (energy) of seismic event in the zone of interest: by the low-frequency range information (energy) and the high band information (energy) of certain technological means such as the sense of frequency splitting technology stripping oil air-sensitive; To arbitrary road earthquake data, in the responsive optimum frequency segment limit of the oil gas of determining by step (6), carry out frequency division and handle, and utilize all frequency division results' maximal value to represent the interior seismic wave energy of this seismic trace oil gas sensitive frequency section;
Because the low-frequency range energy is far longer than the high band energy value, for ease of showing, low, high-frequency energy value can be done standardization, be about to the uniform data normalizing to same scope, interval as 0 to 1 or 0 to 100 interval;
(8) oil and gas detection: utilize the enhancing of low-frequency range energy, high band energy to weaken this feature detection oil gas and whether exist, promptly check the low high band energy value of asking in the step (7), if the low-frequency range energy value becomes big with respect to surrounding values in certain zone, and the high band energy value diminishes with respect to surrounding values, judge that then this zone is the oil-gas bearing area, otherwise be oil-gas bearing area not;
(9) with known prospect pit contrast, analysis result:, then return the characteristic frequency section that step (6) is sought the oil gas sensitivity again if the oil and gas detection result of middle offset distance oil and gas detection result or poststack data and known prospect pit contrast difference are bigger; If oil and gas detection result and known prospect pit contrast difference are less, then;
(10) output result: draw low frequency, the high-frequency energy curve (or plane isopleth) in survey line (or work area) respectively, seek the common ground that low frequency energy strengthens relatively, high-frequency energy weakens relatively, delineation hydrocarbon-bearing pool.
Characteristics of the present invention are to utilize the seismic data direct detection of oil and gas, compare with traditional indirect oil prospecting gas method, have low, the advantage of high precision of cost; The gas-oil detecting method that the present invention proposes is based on the two-phase media model, the two-phase media model is compared with traditional single-phase dielectric model, and is more approaching with underground actual conditions, therefore, the present invention compares with traditional direct detection of oil and gas method, has higher precision and reliability; The present invention proposes the method for utilizing prestack low frequency signal identification oil and gas reservoir, because the pre-stack seismic data is compared with the poststack seismic data, have abundanter information, utilizing the pre-stack seismic data to detect the precision of oil gas can be higher.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is basic procedure signal journey figure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is that the present invention is to standardization flow process synoptic diagram low, the high band energy.
Fig. 3 is a synoptic diagram of selecting window when best of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the synoptic diagram of oil and gas detection of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is that the present invention makes the synoptic diagram that the difference computing obtains fusion results with low frequency energy and high-frequency energy.
Wherein, 1, seismic trace, 2, the layer position of zone of interest, 3, the time window, 4, the big relatively value of low-frequency range energy, 5, the relatively little value of high band energy, 6, surrounding values, 7, the oil-gas bearing area.
Embodiment
The present invention is based on present existing two-phase media model, comprise input skew geological data (being prestack image gather data or post-stack migration data altogether) and zone of interest position file; Window when selecting zone of interest best, the length of a complete cycle that can seismic waveshape is as the criterion; Choose the low high-band frequency of oil gas sensitivity then; Utilize frequency splitting technology such as small echo frequency division or triangle filtering frequency division to extract the low-frequency range energy and the high band energy of seismic event again; According to low high band (energy) information of institute's stripping oil air-sensitive sense, just can utilize the prestack low frequency signal and realize oil and gas detection based on the two-phase media model.
As shown in Figure 1, concrete steps of the present invention are as follows:
(1) selected exploratory area utilizes artificial excitation's seismic event to obtain original seismic data;
(2) original seismic data is carried out denoising and migration processing flow process, obtain migration before stack image gather data (being the pre-stack seismic data) and poststack seismic data altogether;
(3) mode by existing prospect pit data and above-mentioned seismic data joint in the exploratory area (being the mode of well shake associating) obtains the layer position file of zone of interest; One of mode of well shake associating is that the geology layering with well projects on the seismic data, and the time with zone of interest extracts and preserve into the layer position file that a form is an ASCII character then;
Window when (4) selecting layer position file best and determine zone of interest: as shown in Figure 3, an optional seismic trace or the other seismic trace of an optional prospect pit, on the layer position 2 of the zone of interest of the seismic event 1 of this seismic trace, select seismic waveshape a complete cycle length as the time window 3 width; And with the time window as zone of interest; For the ease of calculating, can adopt identical time window width to all seismic traces, as long as this identical time window width can comprise the thickness of oil-bearing strata;
Can be the top of oil reservoir or bottom window position when determining according to layer position file, if top, window when window was opened downwards from the time that layer position file begins in the time of then, if oil reservoir bottom, window when window was upwards opened from the time that layer position file begins in the time of then, the time window width be the length of a complete cycle of seismic waveshape;
(5) prestack in the zone of interest being total to the image gather data carries out closely, in, the separation of offset distance data far away: be total to the image gather data for prestack, the data of its different offset distance scopes are mixed in together, be total to the offset distance size of data in the image gather data according to prestack, geological data in the zone of interest is separated into nearly offset distance, middle offset distance and offset distance data far away, pass through overlap-add procedure again and (be about to react the nearly offset distance data of multiple tracks of same point or middle offset distance data or offset distance data phase adduction far away divided by total road number of participating in sum operation, obtain a track data), and obtain nearly offset distance superposition of data, middle offset distance superposition of data and offset distance superposition of data far away; If the poststack data, then need not to carry out near, in, the separating step of offset distance data far away;
Can be with the ratio of offset distance size and the zone of interest degree of depth less than 1/6 offset distance as nearly offset distance, with the offset distance of ratio between 1/3～1/2 of the offset distance size and the zone of interest degree of depth as in offset distance, with the ratio of offset distance size and the zone of interest degree of depth greater than 2/3 offset distance as offset distance far away;
(6) the characteristic frequency section of searching oil gas sensitivity: by extracting known prospect pit other prestack, poststack seismic data, the data in the zone of interest scope are carried out spectrum analysis, ask for the responsive optimum frequency section of oil gas of prestack poststack seismic data respectively;
The specific implementation method is as follows:
1., from pre-stack seismic data and poststack seismic data, select the other seismic trace A of known prospect pit
i(i is the test Taoist monastic name);
2., choose frequency f between the 1Hz to 100Hz
j(j is the frequency sequence number) is with f
jBe centre frequency, adopt triangular filter that the zone of interest data of selected seismic trace are carried out filtering, obtain filtering A as a result
Ijk(k is the sampling period); Or adopt wavelet transformation that the zone of interest data of selected seismic trace are carried out filtering, obtain filtering A as a result
Ijk
3., ask for filtering result's maximal value D
j
N wherein
tBe the sampling number in the zone of interest;
4., j=j+1, repeatedly the circulation 2., 3. two the step, until having calculated all frequencies; For the purpose of accurately, general used number of filter will reach some, as 100～400;
5., with f
jFor independent variable is drawn D
j(f
j) figure, obtain well lie spectrum analysis result;
6., i=i+1, repeat 1.～5., until having calculated all test roads;
7., respectively to all oilys and not the spectrum analysis result in the test road of oily add up, obtain the oil gas sensitive features frequency range in whole piece survey line or whole work area, determine the low-frequency range of oil gas sensitivity mean value (L1, L2) and the mean value of high band (H1, H2);
The low-frequency range frequency of usually oil air-sensitive sense can be less than the seismic event dominant frequency, and high-band frequency is greater than the seismic event dominant frequency.
(7) extract the low high-frequency energy (information) of seismic event in the zone of interest: by the low-frequency range information (energy) and the high band information (energy) of certain technological means such as the sense of frequency splitting technology stripping oil air-sensitive, to arbitrary road earthquake data, can ask for the maximal value of data in the characteristic frequency segment limit and represent the interior seismic wave energy of this road characteristic frequency section;
Wherein, it is as follows to ask for the implementation method of low frequency energy information of each seismic trace:
1., input seismic trace A
i(i is the earthquake Taoist monastic name);
2., select centre frequency f
j(wherein, f
jBelong to (L1, L2), j is its wave filter sequence number), utilize triangular filter or wavelet transformation that the input data are carried out filtering, obtain filtering A as a result
Ijk(k is the sampling point sequence number);
3., ask for A
IjkMaximal value B
Ij
4., repeat 2.～3., until having calculated all low frequency filters;
5., ask for B
IjMaximal value D
iLow frequency energy information as this seismic trace;
j＝1，N
f
N wherein
fBe number of filter.
6., i=i+1, repeat 1.～5., until having calculated all each roads;
And the high-frequency energy information of seismic trace can adopt identical method to ask for, promptly only need with the interval of above-mentioned steps in 2. (L1, (H1 H2) gets final product L2) to change the interval into;
As shown in Figure 2,,, low, high-frequency energy value can be done standardization, be about to the uniform data normalizing, interval as 0 to 1 or 0 to 100 interval to same scope for ease of showing because the low-frequency range energy is far longer than the high band energy value; As shown in Figure 5, also low frequency energy and high-frequency energy can be done the difference computing, obtain a fusion results;
(8) oil and gas detection: utilize the enhancing of low-frequency range energy, high band energy to weaken this feature detection oil gas and whether exist, promptly check the low high band energy value of asking in the step (7), if the low-frequency range energy value becomes big with respect to surrounding values in certain zone, and the high band energy value diminishes with respect to surrounding values, judge that then this zone is the oil-gas bearing area, otherwise be oil-gas bearing area not; For convenience's sake, as shown in Figure 4, can will should plot curve or planimetric map respectively by low high band energy value, if the low-frequency range energy value becomes greatly with respect to surrounding values 6 in there are certain zone in curve or planimetric map, and the high band energy value diminishes with respect to surrounding values 6, judge that then big relatively value of this low-frequency range energy 4 and relatively little value 5 The corresponding area of high band energy are oil-gas bearing area 7, otherwise be oil-gas bearing area not; As shown in Figure 5, if the fusion results of utilizing above-mentioned difference computing to obtain can directly determine oil-gas bearing area 7;
(9) with known prospect pit contrast, analysis result: for the pre-stack seismic data, can obtain three oil and gas detection results, be respectively nearly offset distance oil and gas detection result, middle offset distance oil and gas detection result and offset distance oil and gas detection result far away, offset distance oil and gas detection result is near truth in experiment is found, so to these three results, based on middle offset distance oil and gas detection result, other is For Information Only as a result; And the poststack data is had to an oil and gas detection result; Oil and gas detection result and known prospect pit contrast difference as middle offset distance oil and gas detection result or poststack data are bigger, be that the oil-gas possibility testing result low frequency energy enhancing do not occur in high produce oil stream well area, high-frequency energy weakens phenomenon, the oily situation that result and fixed well are described does not meet, and then returns the characteristic frequency section that step (6) is sought the oil gas sensitivity again; If result and known prospect pit contrast difference are less, be that the low frequency energy that oil-gas possibility testing result known oil well zone in the work area has occurred strengthens, high-frequency energy weakens phenomenon, and do not occur in known dry-well zone (if any) that low frequency energy strengthens, high-frequency energy weakens phenomenon, illustrate that to utilize this method to carry out the result of oil and gas detection consistent with actual conditions, then;
(10) output result: draw low frequency, the high-frequency energy curve (or plane isopleth) in survey line (or work area) respectively, seek the common ground that low frequency energy strengthens relatively, high-frequency energy weakens relatively, delineation hydrocarbon-bearing pool;
Wherein, to seismic line, obtain the characteristic curve of reaction oil gas information; For a three-dimensional work area, can obtain the planimetric map of reaction oil gas information; On figure, draw a circle to approve the oily scope according to hydrocarbon characteristic;
For convenient delineation oily scope, above-mentioned low frequency energy and high-frequency energy can be done the difference computing and obtained a fusion results, express on the figure as a result, then delineation oily scope on this curve.
Because the present invention mainly utilizes the amplitude characteristic of seismic data and frequency characteristic to detect oil gas; the seismic data of protecting width of cloth processing through the full range band more helps application of the present invention; therefore, the processing stage of seismic data, pay special attention to protection to the seismic data low-frequency component.
The propagation of seismic wave rule is different with single-phase medium in the two-phase media, because the interaction of solid and fluid, not only the kinematics character of ripple can change, and the dynamic characteristic of ripple also can change, and the variation of the dynamic characteristic of ripple may be as the foundation that detects oil gas.At present, the model of seismic wave propagation rule mainly contains three types in the description two-phase media: Biot two-phase media theory, injection stream theory and BISQ model.The application of injection stream theory need know the The structure of rock details, and The structure of rock information often is not easy to know, this has just limited its application in practice.Aspect the decay of describing ripple, to compare with the BISQ theory, the Biot theory can obtain more reliable result.Simultaneously, the BISQ theory is very complicated, also is difficult to be applied in the reality.So select the variation of the dynamic characteristic of Biot two-phase media theoretical research two-phase media medium wave.
Biot two-phase media Seismic Wave Equation is:
In the formula, λ and μ are elastic parameter, are equivalent to the Lame's constant in the single-phase isotropic elasticity theory; Q is the elastic constant of the coupling character between reaction solid and the fluid volume variation; R makes volume of fluid flow into this aggregate and keeps constant a kind of of pressure who is applied on the fluid of cumulative volume to measure; ρ
11Be the total equivalent mass of solid portion during the relative fluid motion of solid in the unit volume; ρ
22Be the total equivalent mass of fluid section during the relative solids movement of fluid in the unit volume; ρ
12Be the mass coupling coefficient between fluid in the unit volume and the solid; θ represents the solid phase body strain,
U is the solid phase displacement vector, u
x, u
y, u
zBe respectively the component of solid phase displacement vector u in x, y and z direction; ε represents to flow the phase body strain,
U is stream phase shift vector, U
x, U
y, U
zExpression stream phase shift vector U is at the component of x, y and z direction respectively; B is a dissipation factor,
η is the fluid coefficient of viscosity, and φ is a factor of porosity, and k is a permeability; T is the time.
The plane simple harmonic wave that consideration is propagated along the x direction
In the formula, u is a solid phase displacement, and U is stream phase shift, u
0And U
0Be respectively the initial value of u and U; K ' is the complex wave number, k '=k+i α; K is a wave number, and α is an attenuation coefficient; ω is the earthquake wave frequency; I is an imaginary unit; X is the distance that ripple is propagated.
Simultaneous (1) formula and (2) formula can be derived
Wherein: H=P+R+2Q, P=λ+2 μ, ρ=ρ
11+ ρ
22+ 2 ρ
12
After seismic event had been propagated apart from x through regular hour t, its vibration displacement was:
This moment, the amplitude A (solid, flow phase net amplitude) of closing of seismic event was:
So two-phase media has attenuation to the plane wave energy.When one timing of wave propagation distance, the decay of seismic amplitude is subjected to the influence of frequency of seismic wave ω and dissipation factor b simultaneously in the two-phase media, and along with the increase of frequency of seismic wave, it is big that attenuation of seismic wave becomes; Dissipation factor is big more, and attenuation of seismic wave is also big more.And dissipation factor and factor of porosity, permeability are relevant with the fluid coefficient of viscosity.To a certain definite medium, seismic amplitude (or energy) is only relevant with frequency, increases with frequency to be the index law decay.Attenuation coefficient is approximate to be directly proportional with frequency.Also be, in two-phase media, its energy attenuation degree difference of the seismic event of different frequency composition, low-frequency component relative attenuation is little, radio-frequency component relative attenuation is big, compares (single-phase in theory elastic medium is unattenuated) with single-phase medium and shows as that low frequency energy strengthens relatively, high-frequency energy weakens relatively.Under the prerequisite of all ignoring dielectric viscosity, can judge the two-phase or the oil-gas possibility of underground medium according to the seismic event low frequency energy strengthens relatively, high-frequency energy weakens relatively phenomenon whether occurring.When wave propagation when increasing, " low frequency energy strengthens, high-frequency energy weaken " phenomenon of seismic event is obvious more.Therefore, the oil and gas detection effect of offset distance Prestack Migration Data far away is better than nearly offset distance data in.
The present invention is from present existing two-phase media model, relatively select present two-phase media wave equation by analyzing at optimum aspect the dynamic characteristic of describing seismic event, based on this wave equation, obtain having the fact that low-frequency component relative attenuation is little, radio-frequency component relative attenuation is big between the amplitude of seismic wave propagation and medium parameter and fluid properties and the frequency of seismic wave, and then utilize the prestack low frequency signal to realize oil and gas detection, have reliable foundation and significant effect than prior art.
Claims (8)
1. the prestack low frequency signal recognition methods of a complicated oil reservoir comprises:
(1) selected exploratory area utilizes artificial excitation's seismic event to obtain original seismic data;
(2) original seismic data is carried out denoising and migration processing flow process, obtain migration before stack image gather data and poststack seismic data altogether;
(3) mode by existing prospect pit data and above-mentioned seismic data joint in the exploratory area (being the mode of well shake associating) obtains the layer position file of zone of interest;
It is characterized in that this method is further comprising the steps of:
Window when (4) selecting layer position file best and determine zone of interest: select the other seismic trace of arbitrary seismic trace or arbitrary prospect pit, a complete cycle on the layer position of the zone of interest of this seismic trace, selecting seismic waveshape as the time window width, and will this moment window as zone of interest;
(5) to the prestack in the zone of interest altogether the image gather data carry out closely, in, the separation of offset distance data far away: according to the offset distance size of data in the common image gather data of prestack, geological data in the zone of interest is separated into nearly offset distance, middle offset distance and offset distance data far away, pass through overlap-add procedure again, and obtain nearly offset distance superposition of data, middle offset distance superposition of data and offset distance superposition of data far away; If the poststack data, then need not to carry out near, in, the separating step of offset distance data far away;
(6) the characteristic frequency section of searching oil gas sensitivity: by extracting known prospect pit other prestack, poststack seismic data, the data in the zone of interest scope are carried out spectrum analysis, ask for the responsive optimum frequency section of oil gas of prestack poststack seismic data respectively;
Promptly choosing the other seismic trace of at least two prospect pits analyzes, the frequency band scope that all seismic traces of analyzing are asked for is averaged again, with the mean value of low-frequency range (L1, L2) and the mean value of high band (H1 is H2) as the optimum frequency section of oil gas sensitivity;
(7) extract the low high-frequency information of seismic event in the zone of interest: by the low-frequency range information and the high band information of frequency splitting technology stripping oil air-sensitive sense; To arbitrary road earthquake data, in the responsive optimum frequency segment limit of the oil gas of determining by step (6), carry out frequency division and handle, and utilize all frequency division results' maximal value to represent the interior seismic wave energy of this seismic trace oil gas sensitive frequency section;
(8) oil and gas detection: utilize the enhancing of low-frequency range energy, high band energy to weaken this feature detection oil gas and whether exist, promptly check the low high band energy value of asking in the step (7), if the low-frequency range energy value becomes big with respect to surrounding values in certain zone, and the high band energy value diminishes with respect to surrounding values, judge that then this zone is the oil-gas bearing area, otherwise be oil-gas bearing area not;
(9) with known prospect pit contrast, analysis result:, then return the characteristic frequency section that step (6) is sought the oil gas sensitivity again if the oil and gas detection result of middle offset distance oil and gas detection result or poststack data and known prospect pit contrast difference are bigger; If result and known prospect pit contrast difference are less, then;
(10) output result: draw low frequency, high-frequency energy curve or the plane isopleth in survey line or work area respectively, seek the common ground that low frequency energy strengthens relatively, high-frequency energy weakens relatively, delineation hydrocarbon-bearing pool.
2. recognition methods as claimed in claim 1, window when it is characterized in that above-mentioned steps (4) is selected zone of interest best, be to be the top of oil reservoir or bottom window position when determining according to zone of interest position file, if top, window when window was opened downwards from the time that layer position file begins in the time of then, if oil reservoir bottom, window when window was upwards opened from the time that layer position file begins in the time of then, the time window width be the length of a complete cycle of seismic waveshape.
3. recognition methods as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that in the above-mentioned steps (5), be with the ratio of offset distance size and the zone of interest degree of depth less than 1/6 offset distance as nearly offset distance, with the offset distance of ratio between 1/3～1/2 of the offset distance size and the zone of interest degree of depth as in offset distance, with the ratio of offset distance size and the zone of interest degree of depth greater than 2/3 offset distance as offset distance far away.
4. recognition methods as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that in the above-mentioned steps (6), the specific implementation method of the data in the zone of interest scope being carried out spectrum analysis is as follows:
1., from pre-stack seismic data and poststack seismic data, select the other seismic trace A of known prospect pit
i, wherein, i is the test Taoist monastic name;
2., choose frequency f between the 1Hz to 100Hz
j, wherein j is the frequency sequence number, with f
jBe centre frequency, adopt triangular filter that the zone of interest data of selected seismic trace are carried out filtering, obtain filtering A as a result
Ijk, wherein k is the sampling period; Or adopt wavelet transformation that the zone of interest data of selected seismic trace are carried out filtering, obtain filtering A as a result
Ijk
3., ask for filtering result's maximal value D
j
N wherein
tBe the sampling number in the zone of interest;
4., j=j+1, repeatedly the circulation 2., 3. two the step, until having calculated all frequencies;
5., with f
jFor independent variable is drawn D
j(f
j) figure, obtain well lie spectrum analysis result;
6., i=i+1, repeat 1.～5., until having calculated all test roads;
7., respectively to all oilys and not the spectrum analysis result in the test road of oily add up, obtain the oil gas sensitive features frequency range in whole piece survey line or whole work area, determine the low-frequency range of oil gas sensitivity mean value (L1, L2) and the mean value of high band (H1, H2).
5. recognition methods as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that in the above-mentioned steps (7), and the implementation method of low-frequency information of extracting each seismic trace by frequency splitting technology is as follows:
1., input seismic trace A
i, wherein i is the earthquake Taoist monastic name;
2., select centre frequency f
j, f wherein
jBelong to (L1, L2), j is its wave filter sequence number; Utilize triangular filter or wavelet transformation that the input data are carried out filtering, obtain filtering A as a result
Ijk, wherein k is the sampling point sequence number;
3., ask for A
IjkMaximal value B
Ij
4., repeat 2.～3., until having calculated all low frequency filters;
5., ask for B
IjMaximal value D
iLow frequency energy information as this seismic trace;
N wherein
fBe number of filter.
6., i=i+1, repeat 1.～5., until having calculated all each roads;
The high-frequency energy information of extracting each seismic trace by frequency splitting technology is to adopt identical method to extract, and only needs promptly that (L1, (H1 H2) gets final product L2) to change the interval into the interval of above-mentioned steps in 2..
6. recognition methods as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that in the oil and gas detection of above-mentioned steps (8), oil and gas detection result as middle offset distance oil and gas detection result or poststack data the low frequency energy enhancing do not occur in high produce oil stream well area, high-frequency energy weakens phenomenon, the oily situation that result and fixed well are described does not meet, and then returns the characteristic frequency section that step (6) is sought the oil gas sensitivity again; The low frequency energy enhancing has appearred in known oil well zone in the work area, high-frequency energy weakens phenomenon as testing result, and in known dry-well zone-if any-and do not occur that low frequency energy strengthens, high-frequency energy weakens phenomenon, illustrate that the result of oil and gas detection is consistent with actual conditions.
7. recognition methods as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that above-mentioned data in the zone of interest scope being carried out spectrum analysis, and used number of filter is between 100～400.
8. recognition methods as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that after low, the high-frequency information of each seismic trace of said extracted low, high-frequency energy value being done standardization, is about to the uniform data normalizing to same scope, as the interval of 0 to 1 interval or 0 to 100.
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