CN102141505A - Device and method for measuring friction coefficient under high temperature environment - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring friction coefficient under high temperature environment Download PDFInfo
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- CN102141505A CN102141505A CN 201110001235 CN201110001235A CN102141505A CN 102141505 A CN102141505 A CN 102141505A CN 201110001235 CN201110001235 CN 201110001235 CN 201110001235 A CN201110001235 A CN 201110001235A CN 102141505 A CN102141505 A CN 102141505A
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Abstract
The invention provides a device and method for measuring a friction coefficient under a high temperature environment. Before the experiment, a material to be measured is firstly manufactured into a test piece I and a test piece II, the test piece I is fixed at one end of a transmission shaft, the test piece II is fixed at the upper end of a knockout pin, the test piece I and the test piece II are mutually extruded and are both put in a high temperature box; during the experiment, a power supply of the high temperature box is switched on, the temperature in the box rises gradually, the test piece I rotates at a constant speed under the driving of the transmission shaft; the transmission shaft is connected with a torque sensor and a speed regulating electric motor via a shaft coupler; the torque which is applied to the test piece I by the transmission shaft is read by the torque sensor, and in accordance with torque balance, the frictional force applied to the test piece I by the test piece II can be measured; and a jack and a pressure sensor are sequentially arranged at the lower end of the knockout pin, the positive pressure of the test piece II to the test piece I can be calculated according to the reading of the pressure sensor, so the friction coefficient mu can be calculated in accordance with the formula of frictional force mu=f/N. Through the method provided by the invention, the problem of measuring the friction coefficient under a high temperature environment is solved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of friction coefficient measuring apparatus and measuring method under hot environment, belong to mechanics and field of measuring techniques.
Background technology
Need develop different new materials in fields such as Aero-Space, energy source and powers and adapt to various rugged environments, especially the friction factor of interlayer is relevant with temperature under the hot environment, its parameter is calculated extremely important for thermal stress, so friction coefficient measuring apparatus is significant to the testing product high-temperature behavior under the hot environment.At present, the domestic instrument that is used to measure friction factor of China can only can't record friction factor measuring below 300 ℃ mostly under the higher situation of temperature.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is exactly that propose at the deficiency of prior art equipment a kind of measuring under the various fabrication process condition between the same material or the measurement mechanism and the measuring method of the friction factor between the different materials under the hot environment.
The technical scheme that measurement mechanism of the present invention adopted is:
The top of experiment table is equipped with high-temperature cabinet, torque sensor and buncher;
In high-temperature cabinet, test specimen one is fixed on the left end of transmission shaft, uniform rotation under the drive of transmission shaft;
Test specimen two is fixed on the upper end of push rod, and push rod passes the table top of experiment table and the bottom of high-temperature cabinet, and simple and easy lifting jack is placed in the push rod lower end, simple and easy lifting jack lower end placement force sensor;
The right-hand member of transmission shaft is connected with an end of torque-transmitter shaft by first shaft coupling; The other end of torque-transmitter shaft is connected with the rotating shaft of buncher by second shaft coupling, and buncher is controlled rotating speed by speed regulator;
Pressure transducer, torque sensor are connected with processor through first data line, second data line respectively; Temperature sensor is connected with the temperature acquisition instrument.
Further technical measures are as follows:
Above-mentioned measurement mechanism, wherein, test specimen one is made into discoid, and test specimen two is the arc groove that is complementary with the surface of contact of test specimen one.
Above-mentioned measurement mechanism, wherein, high-temperature cabinet inwall left side is provided with electric heater, and is connected with power lead, and temperature sensor contacts with test specimen two.
Above-mentioned measurement mechanism, wherein, the antirust processing cold-rolled steel sheet of the material selection of high-temperature cabinet outer wall, the material selection silit of high-temperature cabinet inwall, the centre is filled with high density ultra-fine fibre glass layer.
Above-mentioned measurement mechanism, wherein, linear motion bearing is fixedly arranged on the bottom of high-temperature cabinet and is socketed on the push rod; Pressure transducer adopts miniature bellows pressure sensor; Place first conventional pads, the first phenolic aldehyde pad and second conventional pads between push rod and the simple and easy lifting jack successively; Place the second phenolic aldehyde pad in the middle of first shaft coupling.
Above-mentioned measurement mechanism wherein, is equipped with rolling bearing on transmission shaft, rolling bearing is installed on the bearing spider, and bearing spider is fixed on the experiment table; Torque sensor is fixed on first bearing, and buncher is fixed on second bearing; First bearing, second bearing are individually fixed on the experiment table.
Above-mentioned measurement mechanism, wherein, the next door of push rod is provided with first weep pipe, and the next door of transmission shaft is provided with second weep pipe, and first weep pipe and second weep pipe are connected tap water.
Measuring method of the present invention is:
In order to measure the friction factor between the test specimen one and test specimen two under the hot environment, at first detected materials is made into test specimen, test specimen one is made as discoid, and test specimen two is made as arc groove, and its radius-of-curvature equates with the radius of test specimen one;
Test specimen two is weighed, and is designated as M
1
Test specimen one and test specimen two are individually fixed in the upper end of the left end and the push rod of transmission shaft;
Place first conventional pads, the first phenolic aldehyde pad, second conventional pads, simple and easy lifting jack and pressure transducer below the push rod successively;
Open processor, pressure transducer and torque sensor;
Regulate simple and easy lifting jack, the reading that makes pressure transducer is 0.5KN～1KN;
Start buncher, set rotating speed 30～60 commentaries on classics/min by speed regulator;
The radius of note test specimen one is R, and the quality of push rod is M
2, the gross mass of first conventional pads, second conventional pads, the first phenolic aldehyde pad is M
3, the quality of simple and easy lifting jack is M
4, the reading of torque sensor is T, and the reading of pressure transducer is F, and the normal pressure of two pairs of test specimens one of test specimen is N, and friction force is f, gravity acceleration g, the friction factor between the test specimen to be measured are μ;
The moment of torsion that transmission shaft applies test specimen one is T, and the moment of torsion that two pairs of test specimens one of test specimen apply is fR; Because test specimen one is done uniform rotation,, get T=fR, i.e. f=T/R according to balance;
Two pairs of test specimens one of test specimen apply normal pressure N=F-(M
1+ M
2+ M
3+ M
4) g, according to friction force formula μ=f/N, can calculate coefficientoffriction=T/{[F-(M
1+ M
2+ M
3+ M
4) g] R};
Processor receives the data of pressure transducer and torque sensor output, calculates coefficientoffriction value under the normal temperature according to above-mentioned formula, the record result;
Connect the power supply of high-temperature cabinet; Open first weep pipe, second weep pipe, make water become plume to go out;
Temperature indicator demonstrates the surface temperature of test specimen two, treats to write down when temperature reaches 50 ℃ the coefficientoffriction value, and experimental result of 25 ℃ of records of the every rising of temperature afterwards reaches till 800 ℃ up to temperature;
The power supply of turning off high-temperature cabinet; Draw the change curve of temperature-friction factor.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages:
The present invention is intended to propose the measurement mechanism and the measuring method of friction factor under the hot environment, and hot environment can reach 800 ℃, has remedied the deficiency of existing weaponry and equipment technology; Experimental facilities is made easily, is convenient to education experiment and scientific research; Measuring process realizes digitizing, can record the relation of friction factor and temperature.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of measurement mechanism of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a rolling bearing horizontal sectional drawing among Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is a high-temperature cabinet A-A cross sectional view among Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is a high-temperature cabinet B-B cross sectional view among Fig. 1;
Fig. 5 is the synoptic diagram of simple and easy lifting jack among Fig. 1;
Fig. 6 is a push rod structure synoptic diagram among Fig. 1;
Fig. 7 is Fig. 1 cathetus motion bearings vertical cross section;
Among the figure: high-temperature cabinet 1, test specimen 1, test specimen 23, linear motion bearing 4, push rod 5, simple and easy lifting jack 6, pressure transducer 7, weep pipe 8, rolling bearing 9, bearing spider 10, transmission shaft 11, shaft coupling 12, torque sensor 13, buncher 14, speed regulator 15, experiment table 16, support 17, processor 18, bearing 19, actuator shaft 20, power lead 21, the outer wall 22 of high-temperature cabinet, the inwall 23 of high-temperature cabinet, glass layer 24, temperature sensor 25, electric heater 26, conventional pads 27, phenolic aldehyde pad 28, data line 29, temperature acquisition instrument 30.
Embodiment
The invention provides the measurement mechanism of friction factor under a kind of hot environment, with reference to the accompanying drawings 1, the invention will be further described.
The top of experiment table 16 is equipped with high-temperature cabinet 1, torque sensor 13 and buncher 14;
In high-temperature cabinet 1, test specimen 1 is fixed on the left end of transmission shaft 11, uniform rotation under the drive of transmission shaft 11;
The right-hand member of transmission shaft 11 is connected with an end of torque-transmitter shaft 20 by the first shaft coupling 12I; The other end of torque-transmitter shaft 20 is connected with the rotating shaft of buncher 14 by the second shaft coupling 12II, and buncher 14 is by speed regulator 15 control rotating speeds;
Pressure transducer 7, torque sensor 13 are connected with processor 18 through the first data line 29I, the second data line 29II respectively; Temperature sensor 25 is connected with temperature acquisition instrument 30.
Test specimen 1 is made into discoid, and test specimen 23 is the arc groove that is complementary with the surface of contact of test specimen 1.Inwall 23 left sides of high-temperature cabinet are provided with electric heater 26, as Fig. 4, and are connected with power lead 21, and temperature sensor 25 contacts with test specimen 23, as Fig. 3.
The antirust processing cold-rolled steel sheet of the material selection of the outer wall 22 of high-temperature cabinet, the material selection silit of high-temperature cabinet inwall 23, the centre is filled with high density ultra-fine fibre glass layer 24.
Linear motion bearing 4 is fixedly arranged on the bottom of high-temperature cabinet 1 and is socketed on the push rod 5, as Fig. 7; Pressure transducer 7 adopts miniature bellows pressure sensor; Place the first conventional pads 27I, the first phenolic aldehyde pad 28I and the second conventional pads 27II between push rod 5 and the simple and easy lifting jack 6 successively, as Fig. 6; Place the second phenolic aldehyde pad 28II in the middle of the first shaft coupling 12I, as Fig. 1.
Rolling bearing 9 is installed on transmission shaft 11, and rolling bearing 9 is installed on the bearing spider 10, and as Fig. 2, bearing spider 10 is fixed on the experiment table 16; Torque sensor 13 is fixed on the first bearing 19I, and buncher 14 is fixed on the second bearing 19II; The first bearing 19I, the second bearing 19II are individually fixed on the experiment table 16, as Fig. 1.
The next door of push rod 5 is provided with the first weep pipe 8I, and the next door of transmission shaft 11 is provided with the second weep pipe 8II, and the first weep pipe 8I and the second weep pipe 8II connect tap water, as Fig. 1.
The following describes friction coefficient measurement method under the hot environment:
At first detected materials is made into test specimen, test specimen 1 is made as discoid, and test specimen 23 is made as arc groove, and its radius-of-curvature equates with the radius of test specimen 1;
Test specimen 1 and test specimen 23 are individually fixed in the upper end of the left end and the push rod 5 of transmission shaft 11;
Place the first conventional pads 27I, the first phenolic aldehyde pad 28I, the second conventional pads 27II, simple and easy lifting jack 6 and pressure transducer 7 below the push rod 5 successively;
Regulate simple and easy lifting jack 6, the reading that makes pressure transducer 7 is 1KN, and the reading of pressure transducer 7 is that 0.5～1KN all can.
Start buncher 14, set rotating speed 60 commentaries on classics/min by speed regulator 15, speed regulator 15 rotating speeds are that 30～60 commentaries on classics/min all can.
The radius of note test specimen 1 is R, and the quality of push rod 5 is M
2, the gross mass of the first conventional pads 27I, the second conventional pads 27II, the first phenolic aldehyde pad 28I is M
3, the quality of simple and easy lifting jack 6 is M
4, the reading of torque sensor 13 is T, and the reading of pressure transducer 7 is F, and the normal pressure of 23 pairs of test specimens 1 of test specimen is N, and friction force is f, gravity acceleration g, the friction factor between the test specimen to be measured are μ;
The moment of torsion that 11 pairs of test specimens 1 of transmission shaft apply is T, and the moment of torsion that 23 pairs of test specimens 1 of test specimen apply is fR; Because test specimen 1 is done uniform rotation,, get T=fR, i.e. f=T/R according to balance;
23 pairs of test specimens 1 of test specimen apply normal pressure N=F-(M
1+ M
2+ M
3+ M
4) g, according to friction force formula μ=f/N, can calculate coefficientoffriction=T/{[F-(M
1+ M
2+ M
3+ M
4) g] R};
Connect the power supply of high-temperature cabinet 1; Open the first weep pipe 8I, the second weep pipe 8II, make water become plume to go out;
The power supply of turning off high-temperature cabinet 1; Draw the change curve of temperature-friction factor.
Claims (8)
1. the measurement mechanism of friction factor under the hot environment is characterized in that:
The top of experiment table (16) is equipped with high-temperature cabinet (1), torque sensor (13) and buncher (14);
In high-temperature cabinet (1), test specimen one (2) is fixed on the left end of transmission shaft (11), uniform rotation under the drive of transmission shaft (11);
Test specimen two (3) is fixed on the upper end of push rod (5), and push rod (5) passes the table top of experiment table (16) and the bottom of high-temperature cabinet (1), and simple and easy lifting jack (6) is placed in push rod (5) lower end, simple and easy lifting jack (6) lower end placement force sensor (7);
The right-hand member of transmission shaft (11) is connected with an end of torque-transmitter shaft (20) by first shaft coupling (12I); The other end of torque-transmitter shaft (20) is connected by the rotating shaft of second shaft coupling (12II) with buncher (14), and buncher (14) is by speed regulator (15) control rotating speed;
Pressure transducer (7), torque sensor (13) are connected with processor (18) through first data line (29I), second data line (29II) respectively; Temperature sensor (25) is connected with temperature acquisition instrument (30).
2. the measurement mechanism of friction factor under the hot environment according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
Test specimen one (2) is made into discoid, and test specimen two (3) is the arc groove that is complementary with the surface of contact of test specimen one (2).
3. the measurement mechanism of friction factor under the hot environment according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
High-temperature cabinet inwall (23) left side is provided with electric heater (26), and is connected with power lead (21), and temperature sensor (25) contacts with test specimen two (3).
4. the measurement mechanism of friction factor under the hot environment according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
The antirust processing cold-rolled steel sheet of the material selection of high-temperature cabinet outer wall (22), the material selection silit of high-temperature cabinet inwall (23), the centre is filled with high density ultra-fine fibre glass layer (24).
5. the measurement mechanism of friction factor under the hot environment according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
Linear motion bearing (4) is fixedly arranged on the bottom of high-temperature cabinet (1) and is socketed on the push rod (5); Pressure transducer (7) adopts miniature bellows pressure sensor; Place first conventional pads (27I), the first phenolic aldehyde pad (28I) and second conventional pads (27II) between push rod (5) and the simple and easy lifting jack (6) successively; Place the second phenolic aldehyde pad (28II) in the middle of first shaft coupling (12I).
6. the measurement mechanism of friction factor under the hot environment according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
Rolling bearing (9) is installed on transmission shaft (11), and rolling bearing (9) is installed on the bearing spider (10), and bearing spider (10) is fixed on the experiment table (16); Torque sensor (13) is fixed on first bearing (19I), and buncher (14) is fixed on second bearing (19II); First bearing (19I), second bearing (19II) are individually fixed on the experiment table (16).
7. the measurement mechanism of friction factor under the hot environment according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
The next door of push rod (5) is provided with first weep pipe (8I), and the next door of transmission shaft (11) is provided with second weep pipe (8II), and first weep pipe (8I) and second weep pipe (8II) are connected tap water.
8. the measuring method of friction coefficient measuring apparatus under the hot environment is characterized in that:
This measuring method comprises:
At first detected materials is made into test specimen, test specimen one (2) is made as discoid, and test specimen two (3) is made as arc groove, and its radius-of-curvature equates with the radius of test specimen one (2);
Test specimen two (3) is weighed, and is designated as M1;
Test specimen one (2) and test specimen two (3) are individually fixed in the upper end of the left end and the push rod (5) of transmission shaft (11);
Place first conventional pads (27I), the first phenolic aldehyde pad (28I), second conventional pads (27II), simple and easy lifting jack (6) and pressure transducer (7) below the push rod (5) successively;
Open processor (18), pressure transducer (7) and torque sensor (6);
Regulate simple and easy lifting jack (6), the reading that makes pressure transducer (7) is 0.5KN～1 KN;
Start buncher (14), set rotating speed 30～60 commentaries on classics/min by speed regulator (15);
The radius of note test specimen one (2) is R, the quality of push rod (5) is M2, the gross mass of first conventional pads (27I), second conventional pads (27II), the first phenolic aldehyde pad (28I) is M3, the quality of simple and easy lifting jack (6) is M4, and the reading of torque sensor (13) is T, and the reading of pressure transducer (7) is F, test specimen two (3) is N to the normal pressure of test specimen one (2), friction force is f, and gravity acceleration g, the friction factor between the test specimen to be measured are μ;
The moment of torsion that transmission shaft (11) applies test specimen one (2) is T, and the moment of torsion that test specimen two (3) applies test specimen one (2) is fR; Because test specimen one (2) is done uniform rotation,, get T=fR, i.e. f=T/R according to balance;
Test specimen two (3) applies normal pressure N=F-(M to test specimen one (2)
1+ M
2+ M
3+ M
4) g, according to friction force formula μ=f/N, can calculate coefficientoffriction=T/{[F-(M1+M2+M3+M4) g] R};
Processor (18) receives the data of pressure transducer (7) and torque sensor (6) output, calculates coefficientoffriction value under the normal temperature according to above-mentioned formula, the record result;
Connect the power supply of high-temperature cabinet (1); Open first weep pipe (8I), second weep pipe (8II), make water become plume to go out;
Temperature indicator (30) demonstrates the surface temperature of test specimen two (3), treats to write down when temperature reaches 50 ℃ the coefficientoffriction value, and experimental result of 25 ℃ of records of the every rising of temperature afterwards reaches till 800 ℃ up to temperature;
The power supply of turning off high-temperature cabinet (1); Draw the change curve of temperature-friction factor.
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|---|---|---|---|
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011100012359A CN102141505B (en) | 2011-01-05 | 2011-01-05 | Device and method for measuring friction coefficient under high temperature environment |
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| CN102141505B CN102141505B (en) | 2012-07-04 |
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| CN102539264A (en) * | 2012-02-01 | 2012-07-04 | 燕山大学 | Assessing test machine for tribological properties of high polymer compound material |
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