CN102139838B - Drive control device of hoist - Google Patents

Drive control device of hoist Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102139838B
CN102139838B CN201110005024.2A CN201110005024A CN102139838B CN 102139838 B CN102139838 B CN 102139838B CN 201110005024 A CN201110005024 A CN 201110005024A CN 102139838 B CN102139838 B CN 102139838B
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ratchet
winch
brake disc
electrical motor
lotus
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CN102139838A (en
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柴田航
家重孝二
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Hitachi Industrial Equipment Systems Co Ltd
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Hitachi Industrial Equipment Systems Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention provides a drive control device of a hoist for preventing the generation of regenerative power by an electromotor during the lowering operation of the hoist. The hoist has a sprocket (13) for hoisting and lowering a load, and the sprocket (13) is drived by an electromotor (23). A mechanical brake (50) is disposed on the sprocket (13) and is used to switch the rotation of an output shaft (24) of the electromotor (23) between a state of being transmitted to the sprocket (13) and a release state, and to prevent the rotation of the sprocket (13) in the lowering direction. When the lowering operation of the load begins, the output shaft (24) is reversely drived due to weight bearing of the load, but the power is not supplied until a ratchet (57) of the mechanical brake (50) is engaged with a pawl, so the generation of regenerative voltage by the electromotor (23) is prevented.

Description

The driving control device of winch
Technical field
The present invention relates to the driving control device of the winch that the electrical motor of the winchs such as driving electric chain hoist is controlled.
Background technology
For making goods hang the winch that lotus moves up and down, there are electric chain hoist and hoisting crane etc.Electric chain hoist is provided with the sprocket wheel of load bearing chain by bogie, the lower hook that the suspended cargo of an end that is arranged on load bearing chain is used moves up and down to carry out the elevator of goods and falls, and it is in chain bucket that the other end of load bearing chain is incorporated in the chain collector that is arranged at winch main body.Hoisting crane is wound with the reel of cable by driving, the lower hook that the suspended cargo of the bottom that is arranged on cable is used moves up and down carry out the elevator of goods and fall.Sprocket wheel and reel are rotarilyd actuate by electrical motor, and in most winch, use sense induction motor is as electrical motor.
In such winch, exist operator by switching manipulation, to change the type of the speed of hanging the elevator of lotus and fall, for the rotative speed that makes electrical motor changes, as patent documentation 1 is recorded, at the driving control device of winch, be provided with frequency converter (inverter also claims inverter).
Patent documentation 1: Japanese kokai publication hei 10-291783 communique
Summary of the invention
Use the winch such as electric chain hoist hang lotus fall running time, by hanging the heavy burden of lotus, swivel is applied to the moment of torsion of falling direction because electrical motor does not need power, so electrical motor is not exported, become electrical generator state and produce regenerated electric power.When falling running by variable frequency control, the electric power of generating returns to the cond that is positioned at frequency converter direct current portion, because electric charge is accumulated and caused voltage to rise at cond, exceedes the withstand voltage of the electronic machines such as cond and other elements.In order to prevent this point, when reaching assigned voltage, by circulating current in discharging resistor, be used as heat consumption, thereby reduce voltage.In order to improve thermal diffusivity, this discharging resistor size is larger, and not only making to comprise discharging resistor increases in interior components number, also has the problem that cannot avoid winch main body to maximize.And discharging resistor will rise to the high temperature of the degree that can burn when operator directly touches.
The object of the invention is to prevent that the winch of variable frequency control is fallen to when running produces regenerated electric power.
Other objects of the present invention are, make in the driving control device of winch, without discharging resistor is set, to make thus winch miniaturization.
The invention provides a kind of driving control device of winch, this winch has the swivel that hangs lotus elevator and fall, by this swivel of direct motor drive, the driving control device of this winch is characterised in that, have: mechanical brake, it comprises the brake disc that is installed on above-mentioned swivel, the spragging gear screwing togather with the threaded portion of this brake disc, be configured in the ratchet between dish portion and the above-mentioned spragging gear of above-mentioned brake disc, and stop the ratchet of falling direction rotation of this ratchet to above-mentioned swivel; Frequency converter (inverter, or claim inverter), it is direct current by the alternating electromotive force rectification of supplying with from power supply, generates and exchanges accordingly with the rotative speed of above-mentioned electrical motor; And control unit, its start to hang lotus fall running time, thereby until above-mentioned ratchet by above-mentioned swivel to falling before direction rotation engages with above-mentioned ratchet, stop the output of above-mentioned frequency converter.The driving control device of winch of the present invention, has magnet stopper, and this magnet stopper comprises: with the brake disc of above-mentioned output shaft link; Relative to this brake disc, freely approach away from the arresting disc moving; This arresting disc is applied to the spring members of elastic force towards above-mentioned brake disc; With driving the coil above-mentioned arresting disc being attracted to the direction away from above-mentioned brake disc during above-mentioned swivel, start to hang lotus fall running time, make above-mentioned coil electricity, the Startup time that starts above-mentioned electrical motor after open above-mentioned magnet stopper postpones.
According to the present invention, in when running of falling of hanging lotus, before engaging with ratchet, the ratchet of mechanical brake stops the output of frequency converter, so even drive to falling direction rotation because hanging the output shaft that the heavy burden of lotus makes electrical motor, also can prevent from producing regenerated electric power from electrical motor.Thus, without frequency converter is arranged to discharging resistance, can make winch miniaturization.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the front elevation representing as the electric chain hoist of the winch of an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the right side view of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the amplification sectional view of the winch main body shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is the amplification sectional view of the magnet stopper shown in presentation graphs 3.
Fig. 5 is the A-A line amplification sectional view of Fig. 3 under the state of engagement releasing of the ratchet and pawl of mechanical brake.
Fig. 6 is the amplification sectional view that represents part identical with Fig. 5 under the state of ratchet and pawl engagement of mechanical brake.
Fig. 7 is the block diagram that represents the driving control device of winch.
Fig. 8 be represent to hang lotus fall motion time magnet stopper and electrical motor the diagram of circuit of driving control algorithm.
Description of reference numerals
10 ... winch main body, 11 ... shell, 13 ... sprocket wheel (swivel), 14 ... load bearing chain, 15 ... lower suspender, 17 ... operation inputting part, 21 ... sprocket shaft, 23 ... electrical motor, 24 ... output shaft, 27 ... magnet stopper, 28 ... coil, 32 ... rotating disc, 33 ... arresting disc, 36 ... compression disc spring, 37a, 37b ... brake lining, 50 ... mechanical brake, 51 ... threaded portion, 52 ... dish portion, 53 ... brake disc, 55 ... spragging gear, 57 ... ratchet, 60 ... ratchet, 61 ... power supply, 62 ... controller, 63 ... frequency converter, 64 ... rectifying circuit.
The specific embodiment
Below, based on accompanying drawing, describe embodiments of the present invention in detail.As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, as the electric chain hoist of winch, there is winch main body 10.Winch main body 10 has shell 11, and at the upper portion of the length direction central authorities of this shell 11, being provided with rises to the bait goes up suspender 12, and winch main body 10 is used under the state suspending in midair by suspender on this 12.In shell 11, as the sprocket wheel 13 of swivel, can rotate freely as shown in phantom in Figure 2 the downside that is installed on upper suspender 12, at the added load bearing chain 14 that is provided with of this sprocket wheel 13.In an end of this load bearing chain 14, be provided with lower hook and descend suspender 15, on this lower suspender 15, Suspended Cargo hangs lotus.
By rotariling actuate sprocket wheel 13, the lotus elevator that hangs that makes to be suspended on lower suspender 15 moves or falls movement.As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, the chain collector that the other end side for accommodating load bearing chain 14 is installed at shell 11 is chain bucket 16, and when hanging lotus by elevator, the other end side of load bearing chain 14 enters in chain bucket 16, when hanging lotus and being fallen, load bearing chain 14 is from the interior extraction of chain bucket 16.In winch main body 10, by cable 18, be connected with operation inputting part 17, operator uses switch with switch with falling at the elevator of operation inputting part 17 by operation setting, hangs the elevator action of lotus and falls action.
As shown in Figure 3, sprocket wheel 13 is fixed in the sprocket shaft 21 of hollow, and the both ends of this sprocket shaft 21 are supported by the bearing 22 that is arranged on shell 11, and sprocket shaft 21 can rotate freely and be arranged in shell 11.In shell 11, the induction type electrical motor 23 of the side on the length direction that relative sprocket wheel 13 is positioned at winch main body 10 is installed, the epitrochanterian output shaft 24 that is fixed on electrical motor 23 is outstanding laterally from the both ends of the surface of electrical motor 23.It is that bearing 26 on support 25 supports that an outstanding end 24a of output shaft 24 is arranged in the mode that can rotate freely the back plate that is fixed on shell 11, at support 25, magnet stopper 27 is installed.
This magnet stopper 27, as shown in Figure 4, coil 28 has the helical bobbin carriage (solenoid case) 29 of installing in the form of a ring, and this helical bobbin carriage 29 is installed on support 25 by many pipe links 31.Between support 25 and helical bobbin carriage 29, in the mode relative with support 25, disposing the brake disc that is stopped side is rotating disc 32, and this rotating disc 32 is fixed on the outstanding end 24a of output shaft 24 as shown in Figure 3 by fixed cells such as splines.Between rotating disc 32 and helical bobbin carriage 29, relative with rotating disc 32 and relatively its freely to approach away from the brake disc that disposes movably stop side be arresting disc 33.In the through hole 34 that is formed at this arresting disc 33, connect pipe link 31, arresting disc 33 is connected bar 31 and guides under the state by pipe link 31 restricting rotations, axially moves.
At the core of helical bobbin carriage 29, be provided with spring box 35, in this spring box 35, as spring members, be provided with arresting disc 33 is applied to the compression disc spring 36 towards the elastic force of rotating disc 32 directions.In the both sides of rotating disc 32, be provided with brake lining 37a, 37b, when the elastic force by compression disc spring 36 by arresting disc 33 when rotating disc 32 pushes, arresting disc 33 and rotating disc 32 are adjacent to across brake lining 37a, 37b and support 25, output shaft 24 is locked.
Thereby, to forming electromagnet, be that solenoidal coil 28 stops under the state of energising, under the effect of elastic force, arresting disc 33 is adjacent to across brake lining 37a and rotating disc 32, and rotating disc 32 is adjacent to across brake lining 37b and support 25, so thereby output shaft 24 is locked by support 25 stop by rotating disc 32, magnet stopper 27 becomes arrested state.On the other hand, when coil 28 is switched on, arresting disc 33 by magnetic force and elastic force counteraction towards coil 28, attracted, arresting disc 33 is away from rotating disc 32, magnet stopper 27 becomes the open state that allows output shaft 24 to rotate.
As shown in Figure 3, another outstanding end 24b of the output shaft 24 of electrical motor 23, by can free rotary ground supporting on the bearing 41 that is installed on shell 11, output shaft 24 links by joint 43 and the axle drive shaft 42 that can rotate freely the inside that is arranged on sprocket shaft 21.This axle drive shaft 42 forms a part for output shaft 24, and the bearing 44 that its leading section is installed in shell 11 supports.
At shell 11, by bearing 46, the deboost axle 45 that can rotate freely is installed abreast with axle drive shaft 42, the miniature gears 47 that is arranged on the leading section of axle drive shaft 42 engages with the big gear wheel 48 of the end that is arranged on deboost axle 45.By this miniature gears 47 and big gear wheel 48, form and the rotation of axle drive shaft 42 is slowed down and be passed to the speed reduction gearing 49 of deboost axle 45.
In the outside of sprocket shaft 21, mechanical brake 50 is installed.This mechanical brake 50 has by columnar threaded portion 51 and is arranged on the brake disc 53 that the dish portion 52 of an end of this threaded portion 51 forms as one.The fixed cell such as spline of the inner peripheral surface of brake disc 53 by being arranged on threaded portion 51 is fixed on sprocket shaft 21.
Mechanical brake 50 can obtain larger brake torque compared with the magnet stopper 27 moving by electromagnetic force.By except magnet stopper 27, in sprocket wheel 13 sides, be that load-side arranges this mechanical brake 50, even if larger load is applied to sprocket wheel 13, also can limit reliably the rotation of sprocket wheel 13.
At the outer peripheral face of threaded portion 51, be formed with male thread 54a, this male thread 54a screws togather with the spragging gear 55 that is formed with female thread 54b.This spragging gear 55 engages with the link gear 56 that is arranged on deboost axle 45, and the output of axle drive shaft 42 is passed to spragging gear 55 by deboost axle 45.Spragging gear 55 is larger than the diameter that links gear 56, and the rotation of deboost axle 45 is slowed down, and is passed to spragging gear 55.
The end face of spragging gear 55 is relative with dish portion 52, between spragging gear 55 and dish portion 52, can rotate freely ratchet 57 is installed.In dish portion 52, be provided with brake lining 58a, at the end face of spragging gear 55, be provided with brake lining 58b, when the direction that approaches dish portion 52 relative to brake disc 53 to stop direction when spragging gear 55 is rotated relatively, both brake lining 58a, 58b and ratchet 57 are adjacent to, and mechanical brake 50 becomes arrested state.Thus, brake disc 53 and spragging gear 55 become the state of stop by ratchet 57.On the other hand, when spragging gear 55 is when brake disc 53 rotates away from the direction of dish portion 52 relatively to the direction of removing stop, the stop of brake disc 53 and spragging gear 55 is removed, and mechanical brake 50 becomes open state.
Like this, when spragging gear 55 is when brake disc 53 rotates relatively, because spragging gear 55 screws togather with the threaded portion 51 of brake disc 53, so spragging gear 55 axially moves between stop position and release position relative to brake disc 53.The open limit position of spragging gear 55, is limited by the block 59 of the front end that is arranged on threaded portion 51.
When making electrical motor 23 hang the elevator running of lotus by forward direction rotation, open magnet stopper 27, rotarilys actuate output shaft 24 by electrical motor 23 as shown by the arrows in Figure 3 in forward direction.Thus, because spragging gear 55 passes through deboost axle 45 to driving with the stop direction rotation of output shaft 24 equidirectionals, spragging gear 55 is braked dish 53 stop by ratchet 57, by the output shaft 24 driving to elevator direction, sprocket wheel 13 is driven to elevator direction, the lotus that hangs being suspended on lower suspender 15 is erected at load bearing chain 14 elevators on sprocket wheel 13.
Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 are the A-A line amplification sectional view of Fig. 3.When the output shaft of electrical motor 23 24 is driven to forward direction, because deboost axle 45 drives to the elevator direction rotation shown in arrow U1 in Fig. 5, so spragging gear 55, by relative brake disc 53 stop of ratchet 57, drives to the direction rotation shown in arrow U2.Thus, sprocket wheel 13 drives to elevator direction, and the elevator that hangs lotus that carries out being suspended in midair by load bearing chain 14 turns round.Wherein, in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, represent spragging gear 55 and link the outer radial line of gear 56 with solid line, represent nodel line with long and short dash line.
As shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6, at shell 11, the ratchet 60 engaging with ratchet 57 can be freely joltily installed, by not shown spring members, the front end of ratchet 60 be applied to elastic force in the direction contacting with the outer peripheral face of ratchet 57.When ratchet 60 falls direction rotation at ratchet 57 along arrow D2 direction, as shown in Figure 6, engage with ratchet 57, stop ratchet 57 along the direction rotation shown in arrow D2.
When hanging lotus by under while stopping hanging the moving up and down of lotus under the state that suspends in midair of suspender 15, stop electrical motor 23 to supply with electric power, and stop magnet stopper 27 to supply with electric power, make magnet stopper 27 for arrested state.Now, as shown in Figure 6, ratchet 60 engages with ratchet 57, and sprocket shaft 21 is locked.; now, the heavy burden of hanging lotus applies rotational force to sprocket shaft 21 falling direction D2, and the rotation of output shaft 24 is stopped by magnet stopper 27; ratchet 57 becomes the state of relative dish portion 52 stop by spragging gear 55, the heavy burden of therefore hanging lotus applies the rotational force of falling direction D2 to sprocket shaft 21.Thus, as shown in Figure 6, ratchet 60 engages with ratchet 57, and sprocket wheel 13 is locked, and rotation is restricted.Like this, by mechanical brake 50, sprocket shaft 21 is locked, even if therefore open magnet stopper 27, also can prevent that hanging lotus falls.
On the other hand, when electrical motor 23 is reversed hang lotus fall running time, coil 28 is supplied with to electric power, open magnet stopper 27, utilizes electrical motor 23 that output shaft 24 is rotarilyd actuate by reverse direction.Now, by hanging lotus, sprocket shaft 21 is being applied under the state of the rotational force of falling direction, output shaft 24 is driven to falling direction, and deboost axle 45 is rotarilyd actuate to falling direction D1.Thus, spragging gear 55 rotates to the direction of removing stop relatively relative to brake disc 53, and mechanical brake 50 becomes open state.Thereby, even if ratchet 60 becomes the state engaging with ratchet 57 as illustrated in fig. 6, also can releasing dish portion 52 and spragging gear 55 to being adjacent to of ratchet 57, by hanging the heavy burden of lotus, sprocket shaft 21 is driven to falling direction rotation.
When hanging the rotative speed of falling direction that lotus applies sprocket shaft 21 higher than the rotative speed of falling direction of electrical motor 23, spragging gear 55 is relative rotation in the direction that ratchet 57 is adjacent to dish portion 52.Thus, as shown in Figure 6, the rotation that limits sprocket shaft 21 by the ratchet 57 under the state engaging with ratchet 60 is locked.Like this, the opening operation of the mechanical brake 50 that the rotation of falling direction of electrical motor 23 brings carries out repeatedly with the braking maneuver of the mechanical brake 50 that the heavy burden of hanging lotus causes, limit is slided the relative ratchet 57 of brake lining 58a, 58b, and fall with the state of roughly synchronizeing with the rotation of output shaft 24 hanging lotus on limit.At this, fall when motion, mechanical brake 50 repeats the opening operation being brought by output shaft 24 and the braking maneuver being caused by the heavy burden of hanging lotus, and therefore can not apply by the rotational force that hangs the reverse direction that lotus causes to output shaft 24 be rotary torque.
But, when starting to fall running, if ratchet 60 is the state in not engaging with ratchet 57 as shown in Figure 5, until ratchet 60 is engaged as illustrated in fig. 6 by falling running with ratchet 57, mechanical brake 50 is all the state of being failure to actuate, and the rotational force that output shaft 24 is applied to reverse direction is rotary torque.
Fig. 7 is the block diagram that represents the driving control device of winch.The power supply 61 of supplying with three-phase alternating current is connected with the electrical motor 23 of induction type with frequency converter 63 by controller 62, at controller 62, is connected with operation inputting part 17.In operation inputting part 17, be provided with the elevator running command switch of elevator when running operation, operation falls running command switch and each speed is sent to the speed command switch of instruction while falling running.
It is rectifying circuit portion that frequency converter 63 has the direct current portion that three-phase alternating current is transformed to direct current, utilize the power module (power module) that is rectified circuit part's rectification and is generated three-phase alternating current by the DC current of smooth condenser smoothing, based on the operation of speed command switch, electrical motor 23 is applied to the alternating current of the corresponding frequency of and instruction speed.The command signal of the speed command switch of controller 62 based on from operation inputting part 17 and running command switch, output frequency signal and output voltage signal, power module drives by the power module driver switch that is arranged on frequency converter 63.
Controller 62 is connected with magnet stopper 27 by rectifying circuit 64.Magnet stopper 27 is by the magnet stopper of the direct current of DC current work, and the alternating current that electrical motor 23 is supplied with is rectified the coil 28 of the backward magnet stopper 27 of circuit 64 rectification and supplies with.
State in the use winch and carry out when hanging the operation of lotus elevator, operator is by the speed command switch input lifting-speed of operating operation input part 17, and operates elevator running command switch.Thus, the coil 28 of magnet stopper 27 is supplied with to electric power, magnet stopper 27 switches to open state, by the electrical motor 23 driving to forward direction, sprocket wheel 13 is driven to forward direction, hangs the speed elevator of lotus to set.
Use winch to carry out when hanging the operation that lotus falls, operator falls speed by the speed command switch input of operating operation input part 17, and running command switch is fallen in operation.Thus, the coil 28 of magnet stopper 27 is supplied with to electric power, magnet stopper 27 switches to open state, by the electrical motor 23 driving to reverse directions, sprocket wheel 13 is driven to reverse directions, hangs lotus and falls with the speed of setting.
When starting to fall running, as mentioned above, if ratchet 60 state in not engaging with ratchet 57 as shown in Figure 5, until cause ratchet 60 to engage as illustrated in fig. 6 with ratchet 57 because hanging the heavy burden of lotus, the rotational force that output shaft 24 can be subject to reverse directions is inverted driving.Like this, if there is opening time till magnet stopper 27 opens into mechanical brake 50 actions, the heavy burden of hanging lotus can make electrical motor 23 for electrical generator state, and overvoltage tripping can occur frequency converter 63.
To this, when falling running beginning, according to the signal that carrys out self-controller 62, make Zi open magnet stopper 27 that coil 28 is switched on till the Startup time delay of driving motor 23.Be set as the time till ratchet 60 engages with ratchet 57 reliably delay time.Thereby, even if the output shaft 24 of electrical motor 23 drives to reverse directions because of the heavy burden of hanging lotus, but owing to electrical motor 23 not being supplied with to electric power, so can prevent from producing regenerated electric power from electrical motor 23.
Fig. 8 be represent to hang lotus fall motion time magnet stopper and electrical motor the diagram of circuit of driving control algorithm.When detecting in step S1 that operator sends, fall running during instruction, coil 28 is applied to electric power, magnet stopper 27 switches to open state at step S2, and carries out the control of entry into service moment at step S3.Control by this, through until after the opening time that ratchet 60 engages with ratchet 57, carry out the electric power supply (step S4) for making electrical motor 23 entrys into service in entry into service moment.By electrical motor 23 entrys into service, till judge in step S6 that falling running finishes, the running of falling of hanging lotus of execution step S5.
Like this, by the Startup time of deferred telegram motivation 23 till making to open into electrical motor 23 and start from magnet stopper 27, can not occur because of the output shaft 24 of electrical motor 23 regenerative electric power that driving produces that reverse under the effect of heavy burden of hanging lotus.Thereby, need to discharging resistor be set at frequency converter 63, can reduce the components number of winch, and can be by winch miniaturization.
The invention is not restricted to above-mentioned embodiment, can in the scope that does not depart from its purport, carry out various changes.For example, above-mentioned winch is the sprocket wheel 13 that set up the load bearing chain 14 as cable wire that is provided with lower suspender 15 electric chain hoist as swivel, but also can apply the present invention to hoisting crane.In hoisting crane, there is reel as the swivel that has set up the cable as cable wire that is provided with lower suspender, at the output shaft of the electrical motor for driving reel, with electric chain hoist, magnet stopper is similarly set.In addition, as the mode of controller of action of controlling electrical motor 23 and magnet stopper 27, also can adopt to there is microprocessor, by the software being stored in ROM, set the mode in the entry into service moment of electrical motor, and not use microprocessor, there is the discrete mode of switchgear.

Claims (2)

1. a driving control device for winch, this winch has the swivel that hangs lotus elevator and fall, and by this swivel of direct motor drive, the driving control device of this winch is characterised in that to have:
Mechanical brake, it comprises the first brake disc that is installed on described swivel, the spragging gear screwing togather with the threaded portion of this first brake disc, be configured in the ratchet between dish portion and the described spragging gear of described the first brake disc, and stop the ratchet of falling direction rotation of this ratchet to described swivel;
Frequency converter, it is direct current by the alternating electromotive force rectification of supplying with from power supply, generates and exchanges accordingly with the rotative speed of described electrical motor; With
Control unit, its start to hang lotus fall running time, thereby until described ratchet by described swivel to falling before direction rotation engages with described ratchet, stop the output of described frequency converter.
2. the driving control device of winch as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that:
Also have magnet stopper, this magnet stopper comprises: the second brake disc linking with the output shaft of described electrical motor; Relative to this second brake disc, freely approach away from the arresting disc moving; This arresting disc is applied to the spring members of elastic force towards described the second brake disc; With driving the coil described arresting disc being attracted to the direction away from described the second brake disc during described swivel, start to hang lotus fall running time, make described coil electricity, the Startup time that starts described electrical motor after open described magnet stopper postpones.
CN201110005024.2A 2010-01-06 2011-01-06 Drive control device of hoist Active CN102139838B (en)

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