CN102138491B - 沿海滩涂地土壤与生态治理方法 - Google Patents

沿海滩涂地土壤与生态治理方法 Download PDF

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CN102138491B
CN102138491B CN2011100914856A CN201110091485A CN102138491B CN 102138491 B CN102138491 B CN 102138491B CN 2011100914856 A CN2011100914856 A CN 2011100914856A CN 201110091485 A CN201110091485 A CN 201110091485A CN 102138491 B CN102138491 B CN 102138491B
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刘洪庆
刘太祥
刘洪发
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Tianjin Hongfa Ecological Technology Co., Ltd
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Tianjin Hailin Gardening Environmental Protection Technology Engineering Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种沿海滩涂地土壤与生态治理方法,包括以下步骤:在需要改造的土地上挖淋水盲沟,在淋水盲沟内铺设透水防腐的材料,然后填充渣石,再用该透水防腐材料将渣石包好,回填沟土,然后在被改造土地的地表铺施掺拌物,将掺拌物与土壤均匀掺拌;挖树坑并设置树底淋水盲沟,然后在坑底铺设小渣石,小渣石上方铺设粗砂和肥料的混合物,将苗木放入树坑内,回填坑土;在上述整理好的地段上打畦梗,人工浇灌或等待自然降水。本发明的有益效果是施工方便灵活,土壤改良与苗木种植同步进行,绿化速度快,苗木成活率高,保存率高,所需成本较低,适于沿海滩涂地大规模绿化改造。

Description

沿海滩涂地土壤与生态治理方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种土壤改良与苗木种植同步进行的沿海滩涂地土壤与生态治理方法。
背景技术
我国沿海大开发战略对生态园林建设的开发加大了任务,开发区的招商引资,快速的发展都离不开园林绿化,而园林绿化也是沿海地区最难解决的问题。因为沿海地区的土壤条件不适合苗木的生长和生存,土壤板结、水位浅、含盐成分高、缺乏有机质,给苗木的生长带来极大的障碍。以往滨海盐土绿化都是用农田土置换的方法进行,但是我们的国家人口多,是用粮大国,农田是我国赖以生存的根本,需要加以保护。在现有技术中,沿海滩涂地的改造都是先进行土壤改良,土壤达标以后再进行苗木的种植,需要的工期较长,使得绿化改造的速度较慢。因此,迫切需要一种成本低、效果好、速度快的沿海滩涂地绿化方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术的不足,提供一种土壤改良与苗木种植同步进行的沿海滩涂地的治理方法。
本发明的技术方案是:一种沿海滩涂地土壤与生态治理方法,包括以下步骤:
a、首先把需要改造的土地划分为等宽的若干地段,各地段相互平行;
b、在每个地段的中间位置沿纵深方向开槽,在槽底挖一条支淋水盲沟,各支淋水盲沟相互平行,将挖出的沟土堆放在旁边;
c、按上述方法挖一条或数条与支淋水盲沟相交的主淋水盲沟,将挖出的沟土堆放在旁边,主淋水盲沟与排水井相连,主淋水盲沟与支淋水盲沟统称为淋水盲沟;
d、在淋水盲沟内铺设透水防腐的材料,然后填充渣石,再用该透水防腐材料将渣石包好;
e、将挖出的沟土回填,然后在被改造土地的地表铺施掺拌物,进行深耕,将掺拌物与土壤均匀掺拌;
f、在需要种植大树的地方挖树坑,然后开槽设置树底淋水盲沟,树底淋水盲沟与淋水盲沟和坑底连接,坑土堆放在旁边,然后在坑底铺设小渣石,小渣石上方铺设粗砂和肥料的混合物,将苗木放入树坑内,回填坑土;
g、在上述整理好的地段上打畦梗,人工浇灌或等待自然降水。
上述方法中还包括:在淋水盲沟上方打孔,孔内设置立式排水渣石柱。
上述方法中还包括:在被改造土地的地表铺施土壤改良剂,然后再进行旋耕掺拌。
上述方法中还包括:在被改造土地四周的土壤内铺设隔渗层,隔渗层下端铺至淋水
盲沟位置即可,地面露出部分用土压好,防止浇灌时隔渗层滑落。
上述方法中还包括:苗木栽种以后,需每天喷洗枝叶,以除去飘落在叶面上的盐尘。
其中,所述的掺拌物为稻壳、杂草、碎秸秆、锯末、炉灰、粗砂中的一种或几种。
优选的,一般粘度土壤中,掺拌物占混合后总体积的10%-15%,较粘土壤中,掺拌物占混合后总体积的20%-25%。
进一步,所述的淋水盲沟宽0.2m深0.3m,两个相邻主淋水盲沟的间距为30m。
进一步,所述立式排水渣石柱位于地面0.2m以下,直径为0.1m,相邻两个立式排水渣石柱间隔2m。
进一步,所述土壤改良剂在地表铺施的厚度为5-10cm。
本发明具有的优点和积极效果是:第一,将土壤改良与苗木的种植同步进行,大大提高了绿化改造的速度;第二,施工方便灵活,适合大部分沿海地区的绿化改造;第三,脱盐与治碱同时进行,土壤改良效果好,并且效果持久;第四,由于良好的土壤改良效果,使得苗木成活率高,保存率高;第五,本发明是在原土的基础上进行改良,避免了换土对农田的破坏,避免了土地资源的浪费;第六,本发明所需成本较低,适于沿海滩涂地大规模绿化改造。
附图说明
图1是被改造土地划分为若干地段的示意图;
图2是在被改造土地上设置支淋水盲沟的示意图;
图3是在被改造土地上设置主淋水盲沟的示意图;
图4是在被改造土地的地表铺施掺拌物的剖面示意图;
图5是掺拌物与土壤均匀掺拌后的剖面示意图;
图6是在含有掺拌物的土地地表铺施土壤改良剂的剖面示意图;
图7是土壤改良剂与含有掺拌物的土再次掺拌后的剖面示意图;
图8是在被改造土地上挖树坑设置树底淋水盲沟及种植苗木的纵向剖面图;
图9是在被改造土地上挖树坑设置树底淋水盲沟及种植苗木的横向剖面图;
图10是在被改造土地上设置立式排水渣石柱的示意图;
图11是在被改造土地上设置立式排水渣石柱的剖面图;
图12是在被改造土地四周的土壤内铺设隔渗层的剖面示意图;
图13是被改造土地打完畦梗后的平面示意图。
图中:1、地段,2、支淋水盲沟,3、主淋水盲沟,4、淋水盲沟,5、立式排水渣石柱,6、土壤,7、排水井,8、畦梗,9、掺拌物,10、与掺拌物混合均匀的土壤,11、土壤改良剂,12、隔渗层,13、小渣石,14、坑底,15、粗砂和肥料的混合物,16、坑土,17、与土壤改良剂均匀掺拌后的土壤,18、树底淋水盲沟。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施方式对本发明进行详细说明,但本发明并不限于以下实施例。
1、如图1所示,首先把需要改造的土地划分为宽度为10m长为若干米的地段1,各地段1相互平行。
2、如图2、图3所示,在每个地段1的中间位置沿纵深方向开槽,槽深0.8m,宽0.4m,然后在槽底挖淋水盲沟,此淋水盲沟为支淋水盲沟2,支淋水盲沟2宽0.2m深0.3m,将挖出的沟土堆放在旁边。
然后再用上述步骤挖主淋水盲沟3,两个相邻主淋水盲沟3的间距为30m,将挖出的沟土堆放在旁边。主淋水盲沟3与支淋水盲沟2相交,并且主淋水盲沟3与排水井7相连,淋水盲沟4内的水最终会排放到排水井7中。其中,所述的淋水盲沟4包括主淋水盲沟3和支淋水盲沟2。
3、淋水盲沟4挖好后,在淋水盲沟4内铺设透水防腐的材料,然后填充渣石,再用该透水防腐材料将渣石包好。所述的透水防腐材料可以选用编织布。
4、如图4、图5所示,将挖出的沟土回填,然后在被改造土地的地表铺施稻壳、锯末和粗砂的掺拌物9,掺拌物9的厚度为15cm,然后进行深耕,将掺拌物9与土壤均匀掺拌,使掺拌物9占混合后总体积的25%。
土壤中添加掺拌物9,可以改变盐碱地土壤的板结情况,增加土壤的通透性,从而使土壤排盐更迅速。同时,还可以提高土壤温度和养分含量。
5、如图6图7所示,深耕完后,测得土壤的pH值为9.0,再在该地面上铺施5cm厚的土壤改良剂11,然后将土壤改良剂11与地表20cm处的土壤进行旋耕,使土壤改良剂11和土壤掺拌均匀。土壤改良剂11可以为酸性肥料,酸性的土壤改良剂等。
改造过的土地经过灌溉洗盐导致土壤表层的pH值增大。土壤改良剂11可以和土壤表层的碱相互反应,从而降低土壤pH值。当土壤pH值降到8.5以下时,该土壤即可适于植物生长。
6、如图8图9所示,在需要种植大树的地方挖1m深的树坑,然后挖1m深0.4m宽的槽,在槽底挖树底淋水盲沟18,,树底淋水盲沟18宽0.2m深0.3m,坑土16堆放在旁边,在树底淋水盲沟18内铺设透水防腐的材料,然后填充渣石,再用该透水防腐材料将渣石包好。树底淋水盲沟18与淋水盲沟4和坑底14连接,然后在坑底14铺设10cm厚的小渣石13,小渣石13上方铺设20cm厚的粗砂和肥料的混合物15,将苗木放入树坑内,回填坑土16。
7、如图10、图11所示,在淋水盲沟4上方打1m深的孔,在孔内设置立式排水渣石柱5,然后将打孔挖出的土回填。
所述的立式排水渣石柱5,是用透水防腐材料包裹渣石制成的。该立式排水渣石柱5直径为0.1m,长0.8m。所设的立式排水渣石柱5位于地面以下0.2m,且相邻两个立式排水渣石柱5间隔2m。
洗盐过程中含盐的水分可以通过渗透作用渗入到立式排水渣石柱5内,然后再流到淋水盲沟4内。设置立式排水渣石柱5,可以使土壤排盐迅速、均匀。
8、如图12所示,在被改造土地四周的土壤内铺设隔渗层12,隔渗层12下端铺至淋水盲沟4位置即可,地面上方露出0.2m用土压好,防止浇灌时隔渗层12滑落。所述的隔渗层12可以用塑料布。
如果不铺设隔渗层12,被改造的土壤容易被未改造的土壤污染侵蚀,形成再盐渍化。
9、如图13所示,在上述改造好的土地上打畦梗8,做成长宽均为5m的方畦,大水浇灌3次。
10、苗木栽种以后,需每天用水喷洗枝叶2-3遍,以除去飘落在叶面上的盐尘。
沿海地区受海风的影响,盐尘严重,盐尘飘落在苗木的新芽上,由于盐分过高会造成新芽枯死。所以,当苗木栽植后需坚持每天用水2-3遍的喷洗枝叶,可有效地保证苗木枝叶的繁茂,促进根系的生长,有效的保证了苗木的正常发育。
本方法将土壤改良与苗木种植同步进行,比传统的先改良土壤,土壤达标后再进行种植速度快,并且保证了种植苗木的成活率。江苏大丰的港华路、半岛温泉酒店、日月湖等工程采用了上述方法进行绿化,苗木成活率达到95%以上,同时苗木的长势非常好,保存率很高。

Claims (10)

1.一种沿海滩涂地土壤与生态治理方法,其特征在于:该方案包括以下步骤:
a、首先把需要改造的土地划分为等宽的若干地段(1);
b、在每个地段(1)的中间位置沿纵深方向开槽,在槽底挖一条支淋水盲沟(2),各支淋水盲沟(2)相互平行,将挖出的沟土堆放在旁边;
c、按上述方法挖一条或数条与支淋水盲沟(2)相交的主淋水盲沟(3),将挖出的沟土堆放在旁边,主淋水盲沟(3)与排水井(7)相连,主淋水盲沟(3)与支淋水盲沟(2)统称为淋水盲沟(4);
d、在淋水盲沟(4)内铺设透水防腐材料,然后填充渣石,再用该透水防腐材料将渣石包好;
e、将挖出的沟土回填,然后在被改造土地的地表铺施掺拌物(9),进行深耕,将掺拌物(9)与土壤均匀掺拌;
f、在需要种植大树的地方挖树坑,然后开槽设置树底淋水盲沟(18),树底淋水盲沟(18)与淋水盲沟(4)和坑底(14)连接,坑土(16)堆放在旁边,然后在坑底(14)铺设小渣石(13),小渣石(13)上方铺设粗砂和肥料的混合物(15),将苗木放入树坑内,回填坑土(16);
g、在上述整理好的地段(1)上打畦梗(8),人工浇灌或等待自然降水。
2.根据权利要求1所述的沿海滩涂地土壤与生态治理方法,其特征在于:还包括,在被改造土地的地表铺施土壤改良剂(11),然后进行旋耕掺拌。
3.根据权利要求2所述的沿海滩涂地土壤与生态治理方法,其特征在于:所述土壤改良剂(11)在地表铺施的厚度为5-10cm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的沿海滩涂地土壤与生态治理方法,其特征在于:还包括在淋水盲沟(4)上方打孔,孔内设置立式排水渣石柱(5)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的沿海滩涂地土壤与生态治理方法,其特征在于:所述立式排水渣石柱(5)位于地面0.2m以下,直径为0.1m,相邻两个立式排水渣石柱(5)间隔2m。
6.根据权利要求1所述的沿海滩涂地土壤与生态治理方法,其特征在于:还包括在被改造土地四周的土壤内铺设隔渗层(12)。
7.根据权利要求1所述的沿海滩涂地土壤与生态治理方法,其特征在于:还包括苗 木栽种以后,每天喷洗枝叶,以除去飘落在叶面上的盐尘。
8.根据权利要求1所述的沿海滩涂地土壤与生态治理方法,其特征在于:所述的掺拌物(9)为稻壳、杂草、碎秸秆、锯末、炉灰、粗砂中的一种或几种。
9.根据权利要求8所述的沿海滩涂地土壤与生态治理方法,其特征在于:一般粘度土壤中,掺拌物(9)占混合后总体积的10%-15%,较粘土壤中,掺拌物(9)占混合后总体积的20%-25%。
10.根据权利要求1所述的沿海滩涂地土壤与生态治理方法,其特征在于:所述的淋水盲沟(4)宽0.2m,深0.3m,两个相邻主淋水盲沟(3)的间距为30m。 
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CN102888832A (zh) * 2012-10-22 2013-01-23 金丹越 一种垄沟状漫流生态净化***的构建方法
CN104365206B (zh) * 2014-11-26 2016-03-23 天津海林园艺股份有限公司 一种节水型滨海盐土局部土壤改良与植被种植方法
CN105340406A (zh) * 2015-12-11 2016-02-24 云南农业大学 一种渍水农田耕作层的重构方法
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CN109121842B (zh) * 2018-09-26 2020-12-15 江苏省水利科学研究院 一种混合生态带***及其构建方法
CN109964717A (zh) * 2019-04-11 2019-07-05 河北绿城园林绿化工程有限公司 一种滩涂地旱柳的种植方法

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