CN102136852B - Crosstalk counteracting method and system - Google Patents
Crosstalk counteracting method and system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102136852B CN102136852B CN201010252019.7A CN201010252019A CN102136852B CN 102136852 B CN102136852 B CN 102136852B CN 201010252019 A CN201010252019 A CN 201010252019A CN 102136852 B CN102136852 B CN 102136852B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- offset
- certain circuit
- signal data
- current certain
- precoding
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B3/00—Line transmission systems
- H04B3/02—Details
- H04B3/32—Reducing cross-talk, e.g. by compensating
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/03—Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
- H04L25/03006—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference
- H04L25/03343—Arrangements at the transmitter end
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Cable Transmission Systems, Equalization Of Radio And Reduction Of Echo (AREA)
Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a centralized crosstalk counteracting method and system, aiming at reducing the complexity and the cost of the system. The method comprises the following steps of: compressing the signal data of each line after pretreatment and transmitting the compressed signal data of each line to a processing card; calculating the precoded offset value or crosstalk value of current certain line according to the compressed signal data and transmitting the precoded offset value or crosstalk value to a line card, by the processing card; and counteracting the crosstalk of the current certain line by the line card according to the precoded offset value or crosstalk value and the signal data of the current certain line. Compared with the prior art, the invention reduces bandwidth occupied by data transmission between the processing card and the line card, and the design complexity of the system is greatly reduced, so that the cost of the system is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to data communication field, relate in particular to a kind of cross talk counteracting method and system.
Background technology
XDSL is all kinds of digital subscriber line (DSL, Digital Subscriber Line) general name, the xDSL of passband transmission utilizes frequency multiplexing technique to make xDSL and Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS,) coexist in on a pair of twisted-pair feeder, wherein, xDSL signal occupies high band, and POTS takies the following baseband portion of 4KHz, and POTS signal is separated by separator with xDSL signal.The xDSL of passband transmission adopts Discrete multi-tone modulation (DMT, Discrete Multi-Tone), provide the system of multichannel xDSL access to be called digital subscriber line access multiplex (DSLAM, Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer).
Due to electromagnetic induction principle, between the multiple signals of DSLAM access, mutually produce crosstalk (Crosstalk), crosstalk and can be divided into near-end cross (NEXT, Near End Crosstalk) and far-end cross talk (FEXT, Far End Crosstalk), the crosstalk energy of two types all can be along with frequency range raises and strengthens.XDSL up-downgoing channel adopts frequency division multiplexing, and the harm that NEXT produces the performance of system is not very too large.Because the frequency range that xDSL is used is more and more wider, FEXT more seriously affects the transmission performance of circuit.This be because, in xDSL transmission, crosstalk and be presented as a part for noise, according to shannon formula, serious FEXT has reduced channel speed significantly.While having multichannel user all to require to open xDSL business in a bundle cable, can, because FEXT makes that some line speeds are low, unstable properties, even can not open etc., finally cause the line activation rate of DSLAM lower.
Harm for FEXT, industry has proposed vectorial digital subscriber line (Vectored-DSL) technology, the possibility of the transmitting-receiving of combining is held in main utilization at DSLAM, offset the interference of FEXT by the method that signal is processed, and finally eliminates FEXT in each road signal and disturbs.Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 show respectively in DSLAM end synchronized transmission and the synchronous operative scenario receiving.
Shared channel H shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 can be used matrix on k frequency separation of frequency domain (tone):
Y=Hx+n(formula 1.2)
For up ， central office (Central office, CO) end, signal is combined to reception & disposal, at receiving terminal, introduce a crosstalk counteracting device W, the signal that uplink receiving termination is received is:
When WH is a diagonal matrix, each component of the signal receiving just equals transmitted signal respective component and is multiplied by a coefficient, adds noise, has eliminated the impact of other component of transmitted signal, thereby eliminate, crosstalks.
For descending, at CO end, signal is combined to transmission processing, at CO end, introduce a vectorial precoder P, the signal sending is so:
The signal that descending receiving terminal receives is
Similarly, when HP is a diagonal matrix, crosstalks and obtained elimination.
By this up-downgoing Combined Treatment, Vectored-DSL can reach the effect of eliminating far-end cross talk.
In Vectored-DSL system, DSLAM is used board form access user circuit conventionally, and every board is called a line card (LC, Line Card).Current, the ability of the access user that each LC can support is generally tens user left and right; On the other hand, the user's number that connects same DSLAM is generally 200 left and right.In this case, in a DSLAM, must use a plurality of LC to connect all users.
Due to Vectored-DSL system, use up-downgoing Combined Treatment to offset far-end cross talk, system is when the far-end cross talk of a circuit of counteracting DSLAM connection, except LC that this circuit connects participates in Combined Treatment, all circuits that connect with other LC in a DSLAM also all need to participate in Combined Treatment.Therefore the Combined Treatment that the signal data that, how to allow other LC go up connection line participates in the upper circuit of this LC becomes the problem that needs solve.
For above-mentioned technical problem, industry adopts centralized architecture to solve conventionally, the functional module that is about to up-downgoing Combined Treatment counteracting far-end cross talk is configured on a special transaction card, each LC is transferred to transaction card by line signal, by transaction card, carry out the far-end cross talk that Combined Treatment is offset all circuits, again by data back to each LC, its Organization Chart is as shown in Figure 3.For convenience, all signal processings before signal far-end cross talk counteracting in LC are called to " process early stage ", correspondingly, all signal processings of receiving the signal data after the far-end cross talk counteracting that transaction card transmits in LC are called to " post-processed ".
In prior art shown in Fig. 3, for uplink direction (being the direction that signal is transmitted to DSLAM by user terminal), original time domain receives signal data by LC left side input LC, after filtering, after analog-to-digital conversion etc. a series of " process early stage ", obtain the reception signal of frequency domain, i.e. y in formula 1.2 or formula 1.3 above.This receives signal as input, is transferred to transaction card, is calculated the far-end cross talk of each circuit by transaction card, and offsets crosstalking of calculating.After crosstalk counteracting, each track data is transmitted back LC, by LC, proceeds a series of " post-processed " such as fast Fourier transforms (FFT, Fast Fourier Transform).
For downlink transmission direction (being the direction that signal is transmitted to user terminal by DSLAM), original time domain transmitted signal data are by LC left side input LC, through coding, constellation point mapping, inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT, Inverse Fast Fourier Transform) etc. after a series of " process early stage ", obtain frequency domain primary signal to be sent, i.e. x in formula 1.2 or formula 1.4.This transmitted signal is transferred to transaction card, by transaction card, each circuit is carried out to associating precoding, and the signal after precoding is transmitted back to LC, by LC, proceed a series of " post-processed " such as digital-to-analogue conversion, filtering.
Inventor is through finding the research of above-mentioned prior art: in the centralized architecture solution shown in Fig. 3, in order to guarantee the correctness of signal send and receive, need to guarantee the precision of LC and transaction card signal transmission, for example, signal demand is by 32 or more high order digit row transmission again after representing, this enlarges markedly the data traffic that is transferred to transaction card by LC, and data traffic increases the bandwidth increasing meaning between LC and transaction card.In order to meet the demand of high bandwidth between LC and transaction card, system need to design more parts, dispose more data circuit etc., and these demands improve the complexity of system greatly, finally cause cost to increase sharply.
Summary of the invention
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of cross talk counteracting method and system, to reduce the cost of complexity and the minimizing system of system.
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of centralized cross talk counteracting method, comprising: each line signal data after processing through early stage are compressed and transferred to transaction card; Described transaction card according to the described signal data through overcompression, calculate the precoding offset of current certain circuit or crossfire value and described precoding offset or crossfire value are compressed after transfer to line card; What described line card was subject to according to described current certain circuit of signal data counteracting of described precoding offset or crossfire value and described current certain circuit crosstalks.
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of centralized cross talk counteracting method, comprising: line card compresses and transfers to described transaction card through the line signal data after processing early stage described; Transaction card is according to also calculate precoding offset or the crossfire value of current certain circuit after processing through early stage through the line signal data of line card compression; After being compressed, described precoding offset or crossfire value transfer to line card; Described line card converts the precoding offset after described compression or crossfire value to accessible form; Described line card offsets according to the signal data of described current certain circuit and the precoding offset after conversion or crossfire value crosstalking that described current certain circuit is subject to.
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of centralized crosstalk counteracting system, and described system comprises transaction card and line card, and described line card comprises the first compression module and the first crosstalk counteracting module, and described transaction card comprises the first computing module and the second compression module; Described the first compression module, for compressing each line signal data after processing through early stage and transferring to described the first computing module; Described the second compression module, for compressing described the first computing module calculating gained precoding offset or crossfire value; Described the first computing module, transfers to described the first crosstalk counteracting module for precoding offset or crossfire value according to precoding offset or the crossfire value of current certain circuit of signal data calculating through described the first compression module compression and after described the second compression module is compressed; Described the first crosstalk counteracting module, offsets for calculate gained precoding offset or crossfire value according to the signal data of described current certain circuit and the first computing module crosstalking that described current certain circuit is subject to.
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of centralized crosstalk counteracting system, described system comprises transaction card and line card, described transaction card comprises the 3rd computing module and the 3rd compression module, and described line card comprises the 3rd modular converter, the 4th compression module and the 3rd crosstalk counteracting module; Described the 4th compression module, for compressing through each line signal data after processing early stage described; Described the 3rd computing module, for according to after processing through early stage and calculate precoding offset or the crossfire value of current certain circuit through the line signal data of described the 4th compression module compression; Described the 3rd compression module, transfers to described the 3rd modular converter for described the 3rd computing module being calculated after gained precoding offset or crossfire value compress; Described the 3rd modular converter, for converting precoding offset or crossfire value after described the 3rd compression module compression to accessible form; Described the 3rd crosstalk counteracting module, for offsetting crosstalking that described current certain circuit is subject to according to the signal data of described current certain circuit and the precoding offset after described the 3rd modular converter conversion or crossfire value.
In embodiment provided by the invention, due to the precoding offset of current certain circuit or crossfire value are concentrated in transaction card and being calculated, offset crosstalking that current certain circuit is subject to realizes in line card, the function that is about to originally process in same transaction card or line card is separately processed, and, through each line signal data that process early stage, before transferring to transaction card, compress, therefore, compared with prior art, reduced the bandwidth taking while transmitting data between transaction card and line card, greatly reduce the complexity of system, thereby reduced the cost of system.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the technical scheme of the embodiment of the present invention, to the accompanying drawing of required use in prior art or embodiment description be briefly described below, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is only some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skills, do not paying under the prerequisite of creative work, can also obtain as these accompanying drawings other accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is at digital subscriber line access multiplex end synchronized transmission schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 synchronously receives schematic diagram at digital subscriber line access multiplex end;
Fig. 3 is the centralized Vectored-DSL system architecture schematic diagram that prior art provides;
Fig. 4 is the cross talk counteracting method basic procedure schematic diagram that the embodiment of the present invention provides;
Fig. 5 is the cross talk counteracting method basic procedure schematic diagram that another embodiment of the present invention provides;
Fig. 6 be the embodiment of the present invention provide complex representation is become to " MME " form time calculate real part flow chart;
Fig. 7 be the embodiment of the present invention provide complex representation is become to " MME " form time calculate imaginary part flow chart;
Fig. 8 be the embodiment of the present invention provide complex representation is become to " MME " form time real part and imaginary part index replacement flow chart;
Fig. 9 is that the embodiment of the present invention is calculated real part flow chart when the complex multiplication of " MME " form is provided;
Figure 10 is that the embodiment of the present invention is calculated imaginary part flow chart when the complex multiplication of " MME " form is provided;
Figure 11 is the crosstalk counteracting system basic logical structure schematic diagram that the embodiment of the present invention provides;
Figure 12 is the crosstalk counteracting system basic logical structure schematic diagram that another embodiment of the present invention provides;
Figure 13 is the crosstalk counteracting system basic logical structure schematic diagram that another embodiment of the present invention provides;
Figure 14 is the crosstalk counteracting system basic logical structure schematic diagram that another embodiment of the present invention provides;
Figure 15 is the centralized crosstalk counteracting system basic logical structure schematic diagram that another embodiment of the present invention provides;
Figure 16 is the crosstalk counteracting system basic logical structure schematic diagram that another embodiment of the present invention provides;
Figure 17 is the crosstalk counteracting system basic logical structure schematic diagram that another embodiment of the present invention provides;
Figure 18 is the crosstalk counteracting system basic logical structure schematic diagram that another embodiment of the present invention provides;
Figure 19 is the crosstalk counteracting system basic logical structure schematic diagram that another embodiment of the present invention provides;
Figure 20 is the crosstalk counteracting system basic logical structure schematic diagram that another embodiment of the present invention provides;
Figure 21 is the crosstalk counteracting system basic logical structure schematic diagram that another embodiment of the present invention provides.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, rather than whole embodiment.Embodiment based in the present invention, those of ordinary skills, not making the every other embodiment obtaining under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Referring to accompanying drawing 4, is a kind of centralized cross talk counteracting method basic procedure schematic diagram that the embodiment of the present invention provides, and mainly comprises step:
S401, compresses and transfers to transaction card the line signal data after processing through early stage.
In the present embodiment, the concept in " early stage process ", with to process concept the early stage described in background technology identical, refers to all signal processings before signal far-end cross talk counteracting in line card.
In line card, the signal data of each circuit is after processing early stage, the frequency-region signal of these circuits on each frequency separation (tone) is a plural number, for example, in 16 fixed-point systems, this real and imaginary part adopt respectively 16 integer representations, and whole plural number is used 32 integer representations.By these plural numbers are compressed, can be compressed into and only need 16 integers just can represent the form of whole plural number, concrete compression method can be consulted embodiment below.
S402, transaction card calculates precoding offset or the crossfire value of current certain circuit and this precoding offset or crossfire value is transferred to line card according to the signal data through overcompression.
The crossfire value of current certain the circuit frequency-region signal that to be exactly other each circuits except this current certain circuit send with these other each circuits respectively the crosstalk coefficient of this current certain circuit multiply each other after gained product and, and the precompensation coefficient that the precoding offset of current certain circuit is numerically equal to other each circuits except this current certain circuit respectively with these other each circuits on signal data multiply each other after gained product and.
S403, line card offsets according to the signal data of gained precoding offset or crossfire value and current certain circuit in S402 crosstalking that this current certain circuit is subject to.
Unlike the prior art, in embodiments of the present invention, to concentrate on transaction card processing for offsetting the required crossfire value of crosstalking of certain circuit and precoding offset, crosstalking that current certain circuit is subject to offset by the line card at this circuit place, this processing method is for compressing first prerequisite is provided each line signal data after processing through early stage, and transmitting from line card to transaction card, after being compressed, each line signal data transfer to again transaction card, the bandwidth having taken while having reduced by line card to transaction card signal transmission, below describes in detail.
In uplink direction, single line is subject to, and the crosstalk signal data that receives to the circuit of all line cards other in running order (user who is connection is using circuit to carry out transfer of data) is relevant.Suppose that current system is connected with M in running order circuit, the crosstalk counteracting device in Fig. 2 can be expressed as by crosstalk counteracting matrix W:
So, the crossfire value for signal on k bar circuit can be expressed as:
At downlink transmission direction, for the signal in single line, before it leaves transaction card, can calculate a precoding offset of signal in this single line, this precoding offset is exactly the far-end cross talk that the signal data that sends of other in running order circuit of all line cards will produce this single line when through circuit transmission.Suppose that current system is connected with M in running order circuit, the vectorial precoder in Fig. 1 can be expressed as with pre-coding matrix P:
So, the precoding offset for signal on k bar circuit can be expressed as:
Wherein, x
irepresent the signal that i bar circuit sends, the precompensation coefficient (being off-diagonal element in pre-coding matrix P) that on k bar circuit, the precoding offset of signal is numerically equal to other each circuits except k bar circuit respectively with these other each circuits on signal data multiply each other after gained product with.In embodiments of the present invention, the implementation procedure of formula 1.8 concentrates in transaction card and carries out.
For uplink direction, on k bar circuit, the crossfire value of signal data (formula 1.7) can be used following method to offset, that is:
Wherein, w
kkbe the offset of k bar circuit frequency domain decline,
be that k bar circuit carries out the signal obtaining after crosstalk counteracting.In embodiments of the present invention, the implementation procedure of formula 1.10 is carried out in line card.
For downlink transmission direction, the precoding offset of signal (formula 1.9) on k bar circuit, the far-end cross talk that can be produced k bar circuit by other circuit after circuit transmission is offset, and makes user's side can receive the signal of not crosstalking, can use following method to offset, that is:
Wherein, P
kkbe the pre-compensation value of k bar circuit frequency domain decline,
be that k bar circuit carries out the signal obtaining after crosstalk counteracting.In embodiments of the present invention, the implementation procedure of formula 1.11 is carried out in line card.
Be more than each line signal data after processing through early stage to be compressed to first prerequisite providing analyze, below continue second prerequisite to analyze.
In Vectored-DSL system, what i bar circuit produced j bar circuit crosstalks, in circuit transmission, be presented as the disturbance of accepting side voltage, on frequency domain, be presented as that i bar circuit is multiplied by the crosstalk coefficient of j bar circuit the frequency-region signal that i bar circuit sends.No matter be uplink direction or downlink transmission direction, theoretical proof and the result of verifying for measured data of experiment are: the absolute value of crosstalk counteracting coefficient is very little.Correspond to transmission matrix H (formula 1.1), be presented as that the absolute value of the off diagonal element of every a line is very less than the absolute value of diagonal entry,
H<sub TranNum="170">ij</sub><<h<sub TranNum="171">ii</sub>, j ≠ i(formula 1.12)
This character of transmission matrix causes crosstalk counteracting matrix W and pre-coding matrix P to have equally this character,
w
ij<<w
ii，j≠i
P<sub TranNum="177">ij</sub><<p<sub TranNum="178">ii</sub>, j ≠ i(formula 1.13)
From formula 1.13: due to crosstalk counteracting coefficient w
ij, precompensation coefficient p
ijabsolute value is respectively much smaller than diagonal element w
ii, p
iiabsolute value, crossfire value (formula 1.7), the precoding offset (formula 1.9) of signal and while offsetting the crosstalking of signal on k bar circuit (formula 1.10 and formula 1.11) on calculating k bar circuit, the signal y receiving for i bar circuit
i, the signal x that sends of i bar circuit
i, x in completely unnecessary and formula 1.10 and formula 1.11 in precision
kand y
kidentical.For example, suppose x
kand y
kuse 32 (bit) to represent, signal y
iwith signal x
ican use 16 even lower digit representations completely, the requirement that this precision is different is compressed second prerequisite is provided for each line signal data after process is processed in earlier stage.
Due in embodiments of the present invention, the implementation procedure of formula 1.7 and formula 1.8 concentrates in transaction card carries out, therefore, to each line signal data after processing through early stage, the transmission from line card to transaction card, can compress each line signal data, after this transfer to again transaction card, the bandwidth having taken while so, having reduced by line card to transaction card signal transmission.
In embodiment illustrated in fig. 4, from line card, transmit and through each line signal data of overcompression, may not process by direct processed card, for example, because form is different, transaction card cannot directly be processed the data of these compressions.Therefore, as another embodiment of the present invention, before transaction card calculates the precoding offset or crossfire value of current certain circuit according to the signal data through overcompression, transaction card further converts the signal data through overcompression to form that this transaction card can calculate.
In order to reduce taking bandwidth the precoding offset of current certain circuit or the transmitting procedure of crossfire value from transaction card to line card, as an alternative embodiment of the invention, can, at transaction card according to before transferring to line card after calculating the precoding offset or crossfire value of current certain circuit, by this precoding offset or crossfire value, this precoding offset or crossfire value be compressed.The bandwidth summation of using when this processing mode makes to process backward line card transfer pre-coding offset or crossfire value is less than the actual bandwidth summation that in prior art, line card inside is taken to data " crosstalk counteracting module " by " process early stage ".
Consider from transaction card and transmit and may not directly by line card, be processed through precoding offset or the crossfire value of overcompression, for example, because form is different, line card cannot be directly offsets with precoding offset or crossfire value crosstalking that current certain circuit is subject to.Therefore, as another embodiment of the present invention, offset crosstalking that this current certain circuit is subject to according to the signal data of precoding offset or crossfire value and current certain circuit at line card before, line card further converts the precoding offset through overcompression or crossfire value to its manageable form.
If do not consider to reduce by transaction card to taking bandwidth in line card transfer pre-coding offset or crossfire value process, and, the conversion of precoding offset or crossfire value is not carried out in line card, as another embodiment of the present invention, can be calculated after the precoding offset of gained or crossfire value convert the manageable form of line card to and be transferred to line card by transaction card, then by line card, according to the signal data of these precoding offsets or crossfire value and current certain circuit, be offset crosstalking that this current certain circuit is subject to.
In the above-described embodiments, crosstalking that line card is subject to according to current certain circuit of signal data counteracting of precoding offset or crossfire value and current certain circuit comprises step: the signal data y that current certain circuit up direction is received
koffset W with current certain circuit frequency domain decline described in crosstalk counteracting matrix
kkmultiply each other; By y
kwith W
kkproduct deduct crossfire value.Concrete calculating formula can be consulted formula 1.10 above.
As another embodiment of the present invention, crosstalking that line card is subject to according to current certain circuit of signal data counteracting of precoding offset or crossfire value and current certain circuit can be also: the signal data X that current certain circuit down direction is sent
kpre-compensation value P with current certain circuit frequency domain decline described in pre-coding matrix
kkmultiply each other; By X
kwith P
kkproduct deduct precoding offset.Concrete calculating formula can be consulted formula 1.11 above.
No matter it should be noted that, in the above-described embodiments, be " conversion " action of transaction card or line card, if having before the action that data are compressed, " conversion " action of carrying out has in fact also comprised the decompression action to the data of compression.
Refer to Fig. 5, the cross talk counteracting method basic procedure schematic diagram that another embodiment of the present invention provides, mainly comprises step:
S501, transaction card calculates precoding offset or the crossfire value of current certain circuit according to the line signal data after processing through early stage.
In the present embodiment, line card can not compress processing by each line signal data after processing through early stage, but directly transfer to transaction card, by transaction card, according to each line signal data after processing through early stage, calculated precoding offset or the crossfire value of current certain circuit, account form is with embodiment illustrated in fig. 4 identical, can consult above, repeat no more herein.
S502, transaction card transfers to line card after precoding offset or crossfire value are compressed.
S503, line card converts precoding offset or crossfire value after compression to accessible form.
Similar with previous embodiment, in " conversion " action of carrying out at line card, in fact comprised the precoding offset of compression or the decompression of crossfire value.
S504, line card offsets according to the signal data of current certain circuit and the precoding offset after conversion or crossfire value crosstalking that current certain circuit is subject to.
In the present embodiment, crosstalking that current certain circuit of line card counteracting is subject to is similar with previous embodiment, particularly, for up direction, comprises step: the signal data y that current certain circuit up direction is received
koffset W with current certain circuit frequency domain decline described in crosstalk counteracting matrix
kkmultiply each other; By y
kwith W
kkproduct deduct crossfire value.Concrete calculating formula can be consulted formula 1.10 above.
For down direction, crosstalking that current certain circuit of line card counteracting is subject to comprises step: the signal data X that current certain circuit down direction is sent
kpre-compensation value P with current certain circuit frequency domain decline described in pre-coding matrix
kkmultiply each other; By X
kwith P
kkproduct deduct precoding offset.Concrete calculating formula can be consulted formula 1.11 above.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 5, in order to reduce through taking bandwidth the transmitting procedure of each line signal data from line card to transaction card after processing early stage, as an alternative embodiment of the invention, before each line signal data of being processed through early stage to transaction card transmission by line card, line card transfers to transaction card after each line signal data after processing through early stage can being compressed again.This processing mode makes the bandwidth summation of using to each line signal data of transaction card transmission be less than the actual bandwidth summation that in prior art, line card inside is taken to data " crosstalk counteracting module " by " process early stage ".
Consider from line card and transmit and may not process by direct processed card through each line signal data of overcompression, for example, because form is different, transaction card cannot directly be used line signal data to calculate precoding offset or the crossfire value of current certain circuit.Therefore, as another embodiment of the present invention, before transaction card calculates the precoding offset or crossfire value of current certain circuit according to each line signal data after processing through early stage, by these, each line signal data transaction through overcompression becomes its manageable form to transaction card.
In the invention described above embodiment, no matter be that line card is processed each line signal transfer of data afterwards to transaction card by process early stage, or transaction card transfers to line card by the precoding offset or the crossfire value that calculate current certain circuit of gained, or use two schemes simultaneously, all reduced taking bandwidth while transmitting data between line card and transaction card, thereby greatly reduce the complexity of system, finally reduced the cost of system.
Below illustrate in above-described embodiment the method adopting when each line signal data to processing through early stage and precoding offset or crossfire value compress.
In line card, each line signal data are after " process early stage ", and the frequency-region signal of every each frequency separation of circuit (tone) is a plural number.In 16 fixed-point systems, this real and imaginary part are respectively by 16 integer representations,
X=a+bj(formula 1.14)
Wherein, a and b represent respectively 16 signed integers.When between plate, (being between line card and transaction card) transmits, the frequency domain data of this frequency separation has taken 32.Below use a kind of efficient compressed format, frequency-region signal reduced and is expressed as following form after precision:
X ≈ (a
m+ b
mj) * 2
qe(formula 1.15)
Wherein, a
mand b
mbe respectively m position signed integer, qe is e position signless integer, and the presentation format of this plural number is called " MME " form.In system, m is decided to be to 6, e is decided to be at 4 o'clock, whole plural number has just been used 16(=6+6+4) position, the signal data of each frequency separation takies numerical digit and subtracts and be a half.
Under the value of given m and e, note M
+=2
m-1-1, M_=-2
m-1, E=2
e, a plural x is expressed as to " MME " form can be realized by following three steps:
S61, calculates real part, and as shown in Figure 6, wherein, function round (r/2) represents r to get the processing rounding up after 2 mould to particular flow sheet;
S71, calculates imaginary part, and as shown in Figure 7, wherein, function round (i/2) represents i to get the processing rounding up after 2 mould to particular flow sheet;
S81, by the index replacement that calculates gained real part and imaginary part in S61 and S71, be to equate, particular flow sheet as shown in Figure 8, wherein, function round (r/2) represents r to get the processing rounding up after 2 mould, and function round (i/2) represents i to get the processing rounding up after 2 mould.
By above-mentioned three steps, real part, each plural number of 16 of imaginary part (being each line signal data from line card to transaction card or calculating gained precoding offset or crossfire value in previous embodiment) can be compressed into " MME " data format of 16.
In embodiments of the present invention, if (real part, imaginary part are used respectively m to same " MME " form of the data that in transaction card, coefficient is used and line card sends
1position, index is used e
1position), plural number can directly multiply each other and be added, and can directly be converted to another kind " MME " form: real part, imaginary part are used respectively m
2position, index is used e
2position, note
For example, when carrying out the multiplying each other of plural number, suppose to input number and be
S91, calculates real part, and as shown in Figure 9, wherein, function round (r/2) represents r to get the processing rounding up after 2 mould to particular flow sheet;
S101, calculates imaginary part, and as shown in figure 10, wherein, function round (i/2) represents i to get the processing rounding up after 2 mould to particular flow sheet;
S111, by the index replacement that calculates gained real part and imaginary part in S91 and S101, for equating, particular flow sheet and Fig. 8 are similar, do not repeat.
Add operation is fairly simple, for example, supposes that input number is
S121, by x1 with x2 index replacement for equating, particular flow sheet and Fig. 8 are similar, do not repeat;
S131, is added gained real after index replacement and imaginary part respectively.
By above-mentioned compression method, (being between line card and transaction card) transmission data Time Bandwidth between plate can be reduced to half, make a concrete analysis of as follows:
Before compression, suppose that single line card has connected M user, the uplink and downlink signals of every circuit has been used altogether T frequency separation (tone), and system sends and receive 1 symbol (symbol) in second at t, and the symbol rate of system (symbol rate) is 1/t; Now system need to be carried out crosstalk counteracting to all M * T tone in time second at t.The signal data of supposing each tone takies b position (bit) expression, thereby between plate, bandwidth must be at least
bits/s.
For example, each line card connects 32 users; Each user's uplink and downlink signals takies 4096 tone altogether; The signal of each tone is a plural number, supposes that real part and imaginary part used respectively the fixed-point number of 1 int16 type to represent in fixed-point system, and now the signal data of each tone takies 32; The symbol rate that system is used is 4000,1 symbol of every 1/4000 second sending and receiving, and now, between plate, bandwidth is at least:
And after compressing, because the signal data of each tone only takies 16, between plate, bandwidth is reduced to 15.625/2Gbits/s=7.813Gbits/s, bandwidth subtracts and is a half.
Refer to Figure 11, a kind of centralized crosstalk counteracting system basic logical structure schematic diagram that the embodiment of the present invention provides.For convenience of explanation, only show the part relevant to the embodiment of the present invention.This system comprises line card 111 and transaction card 112, and line card 111 further comprises the first compression module 1111 and the first crosstalk counteracting module 1112, and transaction card 112 comprises the first computing module 1121, wherein:
The first compression module 1111, for compressing the line signal data after processing through early stage and transferring to the first computing module 1121;
The first computing module 1121, for calculating precoding offset or the crossfire value of current certain circuit and this precoding offset or crossfire value transferred to the first crosstalk counteracting module 1112 according to the signal data through the first compression module 1111 compressions;
The first crosstalk counteracting module 1112, offsets for calculate gained precoding offsets or crossfire value according to the signal data of current certain circuit and the first computing module 1121 crosstalking that current certain circuit is subject to.
The transaction card 112 of Figure 11 example further comprises the first modular converter 1122, a kind of crosstalk counteracting system that another embodiment of the present invention provides as shown in figure 12.The first modular converter 1122 is for converting the signal data through the first compression module 1111 compressions to form that the first computing module 1121 can calculate.
The transaction card 112 of Figure 12 example further comprises the second compression module 1123, a kind of crosstalk counteracting system that another embodiment of the present invention provides as shown in figure 13.The second compression module 1123 is for compressing the first computing module 1121 calculating gained precoding offsets or crossfire value.
The line card 111 of Figure 11 example further comprises the second modular converter 1113, a kind of crosstalk counteracting system that another embodiment of the present invention provides as shown in figure 14.The second modular converter 1113 is for converting precoding offset or crossfire value through the second compression module 1123 compressions to the first crosstalk counteracting module 1112 manageable form.
The first crosstalk counteracting module 1112 of any one example of Figure 11 to Figure 14 may further include first unit 1501 and first that multiplies each other and subtracts each other unit 1502, a kind of crosstalk counteracting system that another embodiment of the present invention provides as shown in figure 15, wherein:
First subtracts each other unit 1502, for the first multiply each other unit 1501 is calculated to gained y
kwith W
kkproduct deduct described crossfire value.
The first crosstalk counteracting module 1112 of any one example of Figure 11 to Figure 14 may further include second unit 1603 and second that multiplies each other and subtracts each other unit 1604, a kind of crosstalk counteracting system that another embodiment of the present invention provides as shown in figure 16, wherein:
Second subtracts each other unit 1604, for the second multiply each other unit 1603 is calculated to gained X
kwith P
kkproduct deduct precoding offset.
Refer to Figure 17, a kind of crosstalk counteracting system basic logical structure schematic diagram that another embodiment of the present invention provides.For convenience of explanation, only show the part relevant to the embodiment of the present invention.This system comprises line card 171 and transaction card 172, and line card 171 enters to comprise the 3rd modular converter 1711 and the 3rd crosstalk counteracting module 1712, and transaction card 172 comprises the 3rd computing module 1721 and the 3rd compression module 1722, wherein:
The 3rd computing module 1721, for calculating precoding offset or the crossfire value of current certain circuit according to the line signal data after processing through early stage;
The 3rd compression module 1722, transfers to the 3rd modular converter 1711 for the 3rd computing module 1721 being calculated after gained precoding offset or crossfire value compress;
The 3rd modular converter 1711, for converting precoding offset or crossfire value after the 3rd compression module 1722 compressions to accessible form;
The 3rd crosstalk counteracting module 1712, for offsetting crosstalking that current certain circuit is subject to according to the signal data of current certain circuit and the precoding offset after the 3rd modular converter 1711 conversion or crossfire value.
The line card 171 of Figure 17 example further comprises the 4th compression module 1811, a kind of crosstalk counteracting system that another embodiment of the present invention provides as shown in figure 18.The 4th compression module 1811 is for compressing each line signal data after processing through early stage.
The transaction card 172 of Figure 18 example further comprises the 4th modular converter 1911, a kind of crosstalk counteracting system that another embodiment of the present invention provides as shown in figure 19.The 4th modular converter 1911 is for becoming the manageable form of the 3rd computing module 1721 by each line signal data transaction through the 4th compression module 1811 compressions.
The 3rd crosstalk counteracting module 1712 of any one example of Figure 17 to Figure 19 may further include third phase and takes advantage of unit 2001 and third phase to subtract unit 2002, a kind of crosstalk counteracting system that another embodiment of the present invention provides as shown in figure 20, wherein:
Third phase is taken advantage of unit 2001, for the signal data y that current certain circuit up direction is received
kwith the offset W that offsets current certain circuit frequency domain decline described in matrix
kkmultiply each other;
Third phase subtracts unit 2002, for third phase being taken advantage of unit 2001 calculate gained y
kwith W
kkproduct deduct crossfire value.
The 3rd crosstalk counteracting module 1712 of any one example of Figure 17 to Figure 19 may further include the 4th unit 2101 and the 4th that multiplies each other and subtracts each other unit 2102, a kind of crosstalk counteracting system that another embodiment of the present invention provides as shown in figure 20, wherein:
The 4th unit 2101 that multiplies each other, for the signal data X that current certain circuit down direction is sent
kpre-compensation value P with current certain circuit frequency domain decline described in pre-coding matrix
kkmultiply each other;
The 4th subtracts each other unit 2102, for the 4th multiply each other unit 2101 is calculated to gained X
kwith P
kkproduct deduct precoding offset.
It should be noted that, the contents such as the information interaction between each module/unit of said system, implementation, due to the inventive method embodiment based on same design, its technique effect bringing is identical with the inventive method embodiment, particular content can, referring to the narration in the inventive method embodiment, repeat no more herein.
A kind of cross talk counteracting method and the system that above the embodiment of the present invention are provided are described in detail, applied specific case herein principle of the present invention and execution mode are set forth, the explanation of above embodiment is just for helping to understand method of the present invention and core concept thereof; , for one of ordinary skill in the art, according to thought of the present invention, all will change in specific embodiments and applications, in sum, this description should not be construed as limitation of the present invention meanwhile.
Claims (4)
1. a cross talk counteracting method, is characterized in that, comprising:
Line signal data after processing through early stage are compressed and transferred to transaction card;
Described transaction card according to signal data through overcompression, calculate the precoding offset of current certain circuit or crossfire value and described precoding offset or crossfire value are compressed after transfer to line card;
What described line card was subject to according to described current certain circuit of signal data counteracting of described precoding offset or crossfire value and described current certain circuit crosstalks;
Wherein, crosstalking that described line card is subject to according to described current certain circuit of signal data counteracting of described precoding offset or crossfire value and described current certain circuit is specially:
The signal data y that described current certain circuit up direction is received
koffset w with current certain circuit frequency domain decline described in crosstalk counteracting matrix
kkmultiply each other;
By described y
kwith w
kkproduct deduct described crossfire value;
Or
The signal data x that described current certain circuit down direction is sent
kpre-compensation value p with current certain circuit frequency domain decline described in pre-coding matrix
kkmultiply each other;
By described x
kwith p
kkproduct deduct described precoding offset.
2. a cross talk counteracting method, is characterized in that, comprising:
Line card compresses the line signal data after processing through early stage and transfers to transaction card;
Described transaction card is according to also calculate precoding offset or the crossfire value of current certain circuit after processing through early stage through the line signal data of described line card compression;
After being compressed, described precoding offset or crossfire value transfer to described line card;
Described line card converts the precoding offset after described compression or crossfire value to accessible form;
Described line card offsets according to the signal data of described current certain circuit and the precoding offset after conversion or crossfire value crosstalking that described current certain circuit is subject to;
Wherein, described line card is offset according to the signal data of described current certain circuit and the precoding offset after conversion or crossfire value crosstalking that described current certain circuit is subject to and is specially:
The signal data y that described current certain circuit up direction is received
kwith the offset w that offsets current certain circuit frequency domain decline described in matrix
kkmultiply each other;
By described y
kwith w
kkproduct deduct described crossfire value;
Or
The signal data x that described current certain circuit down direction is sent
kpre-compensation value p with current certain circuit frequency domain decline described in pre-coding matrix
kkmultiply each other;
By described x
kwith p
kkproduct deduct described precoding offset.
3. a crosstalk counteracting system, is characterized in that, described system comprises transaction card and line card, and described line card comprises the first compression module and the first crosstalk counteracting module, and described transaction card comprises the first computing module and the second compression module;
Described the first compression module, for compressing the line signal data after processing through early stage and transferring to described the first computing module; Described the second compression module, for compressing described the first computing module calculating gained precoding offset or crossfire value;
Described the first computing module, transfers to described the first crosstalk counteracting module for precoding offset or crossfire value according to precoding offset or the crossfire value of current certain circuit of signal data calculating through described the first compression module compression and after described the second compression module is compressed;
Described the first crosstalk counteracting module, offsets for calculate gained precoding offset or crossfire value according to the signal data of described current certain circuit and the first computing module crosstalking that described current certain circuit is subject to;
Wherein, described the first crosstalk counteracting module further comprises:
First unit that multiplies each other, for the signal data y that described current certain circuit up direction is received
kwith the offset w that offsets current certain circuit frequency domain decline described in matrix
kkmultiply each other;
First subtracts each other unit, for described first unit that multiplies each other is calculated to gained y
kwith w
kkproduct deduct described crossfire value;
Or
Described the first crosstalk counteracting module further comprises:
Second unit that multiplies each other, for the signal data x that described current certain circuit down direction is sent
kpre-compensation value p with current certain circuit frequency domain decline described in pre-coding matrix
kkmultiply each other;
Second subtracts each other unit, for described second unit that multiplies each other is calculated to gained x
kwith p
kkproduct deduct described precoding offset.
4. a crosstalk counteracting system, is characterized in that, described system comprises transaction card and line card, and described transaction card comprises the 3rd computing module and the 3rd compression module, and described line card comprises the 3rd modular converter, the 4th compression module and the 3rd crosstalk counteracting module;
Described the 4th compression module, for compressing each line signal data after processing through early stage;
Described the 3rd computing module, for according to after processing through early stage and calculate precoding offset or the crossfire value of current certain circuit through the line signal data of described the 4th compression module compression; Described the 3rd compression module, transfers to described the 3rd modular converter for described the 3rd computing module being calculated after gained precoding offset or crossfire value compress;
Described the 3rd modular converter, for converting precoding offset or crossfire value after described the 3rd compression module compression to accessible form;
Described the 3rd crosstalk counteracting module, for offsetting crosstalking that described current certain circuit is subject to according to the signal data of described current certain circuit and the precoding offset after described the 3rd modular converter conversion or crossfire value;
Wherein, described the 3rd crosstalk counteracting module further comprises that third phase takes advantage of unit and third phase to subtract unit;
Described third phase is taken advantage of unit, for the signal data y that described current certain circuit up direction is received
kwith the offset w that offsets current certain circuit frequency domain decline described in matrix
kkmultiply each other;
Described third phase subtracts unit, for described third phase being taken advantage of unit calculate gained y
kwith w
kkproduct deduct described crossfire value; Or
Described the 3rd crosstalk counteracting module further comprises that the 4th unit and the 4th that multiplies each other subtracts each other unit;
The described the 4th unit that multiplies each other, for the signal data x that described current certain circuit down direction is sent
kpre-compensation value p with current certain circuit frequency domain decline described in pre-coding matrix
kkmultiply each other;
The described the 4th subtracts each other unit, for the described the 4th unit that multiplies each other is calculated to gained x
kwith p
kkproduct deduct described precoding offset.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201010252019.7A CN102136852B (en) | 2010-08-05 | 2010-08-05 | Crosstalk counteracting method and system |
| PCT/CN2011/074389 WO2011137799A1 (en) | 2010-08-05 | 2011-05-20 | Crosstalk offsetting method and system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201010252019.7A CN102136852B (en) | 2010-08-05 | 2010-08-05 | Crosstalk counteracting method and system |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102136852A CN102136852A (en) | 2011-07-27 |
| CN102136852B true CN102136852B (en) | 2014-01-22 |
Family
ID=44296517
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201010252019.7A Active CN102136852B (en) | 2010-08-05 | 2010-08-05 | Crosstalk counteracting method and system |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN102136852B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2011137799A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104054275B (en) * | 2013-01-10 | 2015-09-23 | 华为技术有限公司 | A kind of DSL system signal processing method, Apparatus and system |
| CN106230480B (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2019-04-16 | 华为技术有限公司 | A kind of parameter regulation means and equipment of DSL system |
| WO2014184181A1 (en) * | 2013-05-13 | 2014-11-20 | Lantiq Deutschland Gmbh | Discontinuous operation in communication systems using vectoring |
| CN103650380B (en) * | 2013-07-19 | 2016-05-25 | 华为技术有限公司 | The crosstalk method and apparatus of cost of a kind of attenuating |
| CN106452991A (en) * | 2016-09-09 | 2017-02-22 | 武汉长光科技有限公司 | Method for increasing user access number based on coaxial access network |
| CN106793476B (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2020-02-07 | 北京信息科技大学 | Method for inhibiting crosstalk by utilizing multi-level signal transmission |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1109328A1 (en) * | 1999-12-14 | 2001-06-20 | STMicroelectronics S.A. | DSL transmission system with far-end crosstalk compensation |
| CN101068118A (en) * | 2007-06-27 | 2007-11-07 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Method and system for measuring cable interference, length and line attenuation |
| CN101431346A (en) * | 2007-11-07 | 2009-05-13 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method and apparatus for acquiring crosstalk information |
| CN101645754A (en) * | 2008-06-16 | 2010-02-10 | 阿尔卡特朗讯公司 | Device and associated method for crosstalk estimation |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7394752B2 (en) * | 2001-11-06 | 2008-07-01 | The Board Of Trusttees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Joint reduction of NEXT and FEXT in xDSL systems |
| US7577084B2 (en) * | 2003-05-03 | 2009-08-18 | Ikanos Communications Inc. | ISDN crosstalk cancellation in a DSL system |
| US7469025B2 (en) * | 2003-09-08 | 2008-12-23 | Aktino, Inc. | Decision feedback transceiver for multichannel communication system |
| CN101262253B (en) * | 2007-03-06 | 2011-11-09 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method for solving cross-interference issue in digital user line and cross-interference elimination device |
| CN101453245B (en) * | 2007-11-29 | 2012-08-08 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method, equipment and system for eliminating DSL crosstalk |
-
2010
- 2010-08-05 CN CN201010252019.7A patent/CN102136852B/en active Active
-
2011
- 2011-05-20 WO PCT/CN2011/074389 patent/WO2011137799A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1109328A1 (en) * | 1999-12-14 | 2001-06-20 | STMicroelectronics S.A. | DSL transmission system with far-end crosstalk compensation |
| CN101068118A (en) * | 2007-06-27 | 2007-11-07 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Method and system for measuring cable interference, length and line attenuation |
| CN101431346A (en) * | 2007-11-07 | 2009-05-13 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method and apparatus for acquiring crosstalk information |
| CN101645754A (en) * | 2008-06-16 | 2010-02-10 | 阿尔卡特朗讯公司 | Device and associated method for crosstalk estimation |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102136852A (en) | 2011-07-27 |
| WO2011137799A1 (en) | 2011-11-10 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN102136852B (en) | Crosstalk counteracting method and system | |
| CN102217294B (en) | Method and apparatus for reducing feedback overhead during crosstalk precoder initialization | |
| KR101567120B1 (en) | Alien interference removal in vectored dsl | |
| CN1838581B (en) | Transreceiving apparatus and method using space-frequency block-coded single-carrier frequency domain equalization | |
| US8427933B2 (en) | Method and apparatus for DMT crosstalk cancellation | |
| CN101405951B (en) | Method for multi-pair lines co-transmission | |
| CN103828251A (en) | Method, device and system compatible with VDSL2 conventional user end equipment | |
| CN104054275B (en) | A kind of DSL system signal processing method, Apparatus and system | |
| CN101197592A (en) | Far-end cross talk counteracting method and device, signal transmission device and signal processing system | |
| CN102651656B (en) | Signal processing method, device and system based on twisted pairs | |
| CN102318302A (en) | Method, apparatus and system of signal processing | |
| ITMI981699A1 (en) | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR BIDIRECTIONAL DATA EXCHANGE LONG LOW AND MEDIUM VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL LINES | |
| CN101262253A (en) | Method for solving cross-interference issue in digital user line and cross-interference elimination device | |
| CN100459448C (en) | Frequency domain echo canceller | |
| CN103229445A (en) | Line initialization method and device | |
| CN101060512B (en) | OFDM transmission symbol synchronizing method and its system | |
| DE69922176T2 (en) | IMPROVEMENTS AT VDSL | |
| CN103828250B (en) | For saving the method for the power in telecommunication system | |
| CN102355436B (en) | Downlink crosstalk elimination method for very-high-bit-rate digital subscriber loop (VDSL) system | |
| CN101765983A (en) | Method and device for processing a channel and communication system comprising such device | |
| CN1307816C (en) | DMT system for reducing far end crosstalk | |
| CN101945029B (en) | XDSL broadband access method and system supporting line division duplex | |
| CN104956613B (en) | A kind of method of adjustment and terminal unit sending equipment and receiving device parameter | |
| CN102355282A (en) | Method for crosstalk suppression in logout of subscriber in digital subscriber line system | |
| US20090304060A1 (en) | Probing and Estimation of cross-coupling |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |