CN102135466A - Method for testing vibration mode - Google Patents

Method for testing vibration mode Download PDF

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CN102135466A
CN102135466A CN 201010554297 CN201010554297A CN102135466A CN 102135466 A CN102135466 A CN 102135466A CN 201010554297 CN201010554297 CN 201010554297 CN 201010554297 A CN201010554297 A CN 201010554297A CN 102135466 A CN102135466 A CN 102135466A
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exciting
value
point
mode
odp
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刘忠华
臧朝平
陈伟
王晓伟
苗向
蒋学军
阎志祥
杨东
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Xian Aviation Power Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for testing a vibration mode. The method comprises the following steps of: determining the optimal hanging position, the optimal excitation position and the optimal testing point during structure mode test by establishing a finite element model of the structure and analyzing the finite element model; during excitation position determination, providing two corresponding methods for determining the excitation position respectively as for excitation by an exciter method and excitation by a hammering method; and finally, hanging the structure to be tested at the determined optical hanging position, exciting the structure at the determined excitation position by the hammering method or the exciter method, and arranging a sensor to perform the mode test on the structure at the determined testing point position. By the method, the identification precision and the reliability of mode parameters can be improved effectively, the test cost is reduced, and the test cycle is shortened.

Description

A kind of mode of oscillation method of testing
Technical field
The present invention relates to structural vibration mode field tests, specifically is a kind of mode of oscillation method of testing.
Background technology
For a long time, when carrying out the structural vibration mode experiment, how to hang test structure, select the position of point of excitation, the number of selection testing sensor and test position structurally etc. mainly to rely on technician's experience, thereby, directly have influence on the accuracy and the reliability of structural vibration modal test data.
The boundary condition that generally adopts in the structural vibration modal test is freedom-free boundary condition.In theory, under freedom-free boundary condition, can not be connected on any object by geodesic structure, this is to be difficult to realize in practice.Generally, " freedom-freedom " boundary condition in the actual test is with approximate method, this approximate can the realization by hanging with soft spring or elastic string.Its crucial difficult point is how to seek soft spring or elastic string at tested structural hanging position, because any connected mode all can influence the structural vibrations response, and, finally have influence on the mode of oscillation precision of test result to real " freedom-freedom " boundary condition generation adjection.
When selecting exciting point position, if the exciting point is selected on the nodel line of structure first order mode or near, so almost just do not have energy can be delivered to this first order mode, cause this first order mode to be energized out.In addition, in the mode of oscillation test, the influence that interacts between " double-click " influence of power hammer and vibrator and the structure all can cause error to the structural vibration mode test result.
After finishing, structural vibration mode test finds that through regular meeting the measurement point of selection fails the vibration shape of abundant display structure; the perhaps vibration shape that the part measurement point error of Xuan Zeing more greatly can not the actual response structure; perhaps wasted valuable time and resource owing to having chosen the inapparent measurement point of effect, or the like.
How accurately the modal parameter of test structure is the key of structure modal test.Domestic research to mode test optimization method at present only only limits to the sensor measuring point and arranges, at aspects such as exciting point selection, hanging position selections, does not also form a whole set of mode of oscillation test guidance program.The present invention relates to a kind of mode of oscillation test optimization method based on finite element technique, obtain the modal parameter information of structure by finite element technique, and adopt structural modal to optimize the position that testing algorithm is determined suspension, exciting, measure dot number and measuring point in the test of structural vibration mode, with overcome structural vibration mode test only rely on experience may cause the reliability of test figure low, efficient is low and the shortcoming of validity difference etc.
Summary of the invention
Cause when the dependence experience that exists in the prior art is chosen hanging position, exciting position and sensor point position for overcoming that the test figure reliability is low, efficient is low and the deficiency of validity difference, the present invention proposes a kind of mode of oscillation method of testing.
The present invention is applicable to the field that need carry out the test of structural vibration mode and can set up its finite element model.
The present invention adopts technical scheme as shown in Figure 1 to be achieved for achieving the above object:
A kind of mode of oscillation method of testing comprises the steps:
Step 1, set up the finite element model of structure: set up by the three-dimensional entity model of geodesic structure, the finite element grid of partition structure is set its boundary condition and material properties.
Step 2, carry out finite element modal analysis: calculate being carried out model analysis, calculate each rank natural frequency ω of structure by the finite element model of geodesic structure rAnd Mode Shape, and each rank Mode Shape that will calculate is by quality battle array normalizing, the mode formation after the normalization is Wherein, j is tested structural point, and r is the exponent number of mode.
Step 3, determine hanging position: under the general incentive action, one section interior mode of frequency band all can be energized out, therefore, for the average response of the displacement of predicting the structure single-degree-of-freedom under the general excitation, definition average driving degree of freedom shift value (ADDOFD) is:
ADDOFD is carried out normalization, get its value less than 0.1 point as hanging position.
Step 4, determine the exciting position:
If adopt hammering method to carry out exciting, comprise following three sub-steps:
Substep 1: the available exciting position when determining the hammering method exciting:
Defining optimum exciting point positional value (ODP) is:
Figure BSA00000355137500023
Influence in order to reduce to double-click during the hammering exciting should be arranged in point of excitation each low position, rank average velocity response (ADDOFV) of structure:
Figure BSA00000355137500024
With ADDOFV combine with ODP the definition hammering method exciting positional value (ODP-V):
Figure BSA00000355137500031
The ODP-V value of calculating gained is carried out normalization, get its value greater than 0.9 point the available exciting position during as the hammering method exciting.
Substep 2: the exciting position that should avoid when determining the hammering method exciting:
The exciting positional value (NODP) that definition should be avoided:
Figure BSA00000355137500032
NODP is combined with ADDOFV, and the exciting positional value (NODP-V) that definition hammering method should be avoided is shown below:
Figure BSA00000355137500033
The NODP-V that calculates gained is carried out normalization, get the exciting position that its value should be avoided during as the hammering method exciting less than 0.15 point.
Substep 3: in available exciting position, get rid of the exciting position that to avoid, obtain the exciting position of hammering method.
If adopt the vibrator method to carry out exciting, comprise following three sub-steps:
Substep 1: the available exciting position when determining vibrator method exciting:
Computation structure average acceleration response (ADDOFA):
Figure BSA00000355137500034
ODP is combined definition vibrator method exciting positional value (ODP-A) with ADDOFA:
Figure BSA00000355137500035
The ODP-A that calculates gained is carried out normalization,, get ODP-A greater than 0.9 point available exciting position as the vibrator method in order to reduce the interactional interference between vibrator and the structure.
Substep 2: the exciting position that should avoid when determining vibrator method exciting:
NODP is combined the exciting positional value (NODP-A) that definition vibrator method should be avoided with ADDOFA:
Figure BSA00000355137500041
The NODP-A that calculates is carried out normalization, get the exciting position that its value should be avoided during as vibrator method exciting less than 0.1 point.
Substep three: in available exciting position, get rid of the exciting position that to avoid, obtain the exciting position of vibrator method.
Step 5, determine point position:
Computing information matrix A and allocation matrix E:
Figure BSA00000355137500042
Figure BSA00000355137500043
Calculate E A: E A=E * ADDOFA
To the E that calculates AValue is carried out normalization, gets the point position of its value when carrying out the mode test greater than 0.8 point for adopting sensor.
Step 6, the hanging position that adopts step 3 to determine hang and treat geodesic structure, and the exciting position of adopting step 4 to determine adopts hammering method or vibrator method to the structure exciting, in the point position placement sensor that step 5 is determined structure are carried out the mode test.
The selection of optimized suspension position, best exciting position and best measuring point when the present invention has realized structural modal tested by finite element, before the test of structural vibration mode, the mode of oscillation test optimization that comprises suspension, exciting and measuring position scheme is provided in advance, can effectively improve the accuracy of identification and the reliability of modal parameter, reduce testing cost, shorten the cycle of test.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the mode of oscillation method of testing process flow diagram that the present invention proposes;
Fig. 2 is the finite element model synoptic diagram of embodiment middle plateform structure;
Fig. 3-Figure 16 is respectively the preceding 14 rank Mode Shape of embodiment middle plateform structure.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
Present embodiment is based on Finite Element Method and a kind of dull and stereotyped mode testing method, dull and stereotyped long 0.14m, wide 0.06m, thick 0.002m of being used for of proposing.Adopt hanging position, exciting position and the point position optimized to realize the mode of slab construction is tested by this method.The specific implementation process of present embodiment comprises the steps:
Step 1. is consulted Fig. 2, sets up the two-dimensional flat plate model of slab construction in commercial finite element software Patran.
Step 2. is divided dull and stereotyped finite element grid; Flat board is taken from by boundary condition; Material and unit physical characteristics that definition is dull and stereotyped; The submission task is carried out dull and stereotyped normal mode analysis with commercial finite element software Nastran and is obtained dull and stereotyped preceding 20 rank mode.Because dull and stereotyped preceding 6 rank mode are rigid body mode so do not consider.Dull and stereotyped residue 14 rank Mode Shape are seen Fig. 3-Figure 16 respectively.
Step 3, determine hanging position: calculate average driving degree of freedom shift value (ADDOFD):
Figure BSA00000355137500051
The ADDOFD value is carried out normalization, get its value less than 0.1 point as hanging position.In the present embodiment, the ADDOFD value is as shown in table 1 less than 0.1 node serial number, and these points can be as hanging position.
Table 1
114 115 129 130 141 142 156 157 168 169
183 184
Step 4, determine the exciting position:
Adopt hammering method that this slab construction is carried out exciting, comprise following three sub-steps:
Substep 1: the available exciting position when determining the hammering method exciting:
Calculate hammering method exciting positional value (ODP-V):
Figure BSA00000355137500052
The ODP-V value of calculating gained is carried out normalization, get its value greater than 0.9 point the available exciting position during as the hammering method exciting.In the present embodiment, the ODP-V value is as shown in table 2 greater than 0.9 node serial number.
Table 2
1 2 9 10 18 19 26 27 28 54
82 108 190 216 244 270 271 272 279 280
288 289 296 297
Substep 2: the exciting position that should avoid when determining the hammering method exciting:
The exciting positional value (NODP-V) that calculating should be avoided:
The NODP-V that calculates gained is carried out normalization, get the exciting position that its value should be avoided during as the hammering method exciting less than 0.15 point.In the present embodiment, the NODP-V value is as shown in table 3 greater than 0.15 node serial number.
Table 3
14 41 68 95 122 136 137 138 139 140
141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150
151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160
161 162 176 203 230 257 284
Substep 3: in available exciting position, get rid of the exciting position that to avoid, obtain the exciting position of hammering method.In the present embodiment, the exciting position node corresponding such as the table 4 of hammering method:
Table 4
1 2 9 10 18 19 26 27 28 54
82 108 190 216 244 270 271 272 279 280
288 289 296 297
Step 5, definite dull and stereotyped point position:
Computing information matrix A and allocation matrix E:
Figure BSA00000355137500062
Figure BSA00000355137500063
Calculate E A: E A=E * ADDOFA
To the E that calculates AValue is carried out normalization, gets the point position of its value when carrying out the mode test greater than 0.8 point for adopting sensor.In the present embodiment, E AValue is as shown in table 4 greater than 0.8 node serial number.
Table 5
1 6 10 14 18 22 27 28 54 136
162 244 270 271 275 280 285 289 293 297
Step 6, be that 114 corresponding position hangs this slab construction at node number, adopt hammering method at node number be 26 position to the slab construction exciting, in the point position placement sensor shown in the table 5 slab construction is carried out the mode test.
Embodiment 2:
Present embodiment is based on Finite Element Method and a kind of dull and stereotyped mode testing method, dull and stereotyped long 0.14m, wide 0.06m, thick 0.002m of being used for of proposing.Adopt hanging position, exciting position and the point position optimized to realize the mode of slab construction is tested by this method.The specific implementation process of present embodiment comprises the steps:
Step 1. is consulted Fig. 2, sets up the two-dimensional flat plate model of slab construction in commercial finite element software Patran.
Step 2. is divided dull and stereotyped finite element grid; Flat board is taken from by boundary condition; Material and unit physical characteristics that definition is dull and stereotyped; The submission task is carried out dull and stereotyped normal mode analysis with commercial finite element software Nastran and is obtained dull and stereotyped preceding 20 rank mode.Because dull and stereotyped preceding 6 rank mode are rigid body mode so do not consider.Dull and stereotyped residue 14 rank Mode Shape are seen Fig. 3-Figure 16 respectively.
Step 3, determine hanging position: calculate average driving degree of freedom shift value (ADDOFD):
Figure BSA00000355137500071
The ADDOFD value is carried out normalization, get its value less than 0.1 point as hanging position.In the present embodiment, the ADDOFD value is as shown in table 6 less than 0.1 node serial number, and these points can be as hanging position.
Table 6
114 115 129 130 141 142 156 157 168 169
183 184
Step 4, determine the exciting position:
Adopt the vibrator method that this slab construction is carried out exciting, therefore, determine among this embodiment that the exciting position comprises following three sub-steps:
Substep 1: the available exciting position when determining vibrator method exciting:
Calculate vibrator method exciting positional value (ODP-A):
Figure BSA00000355137500081
The ODP-A value of calculating gained is carried out normalization, get its value greater than 0.9 point the available exciting position during as vibrator method exciting.In the present embodiment, the ODP-A value is as shown in table 7 greater than 0.9 node serial number.
Table 7
1 2 10 18 26 27 28 54 82 108
190 216 244 270 271 272 280 288 296 297
Substep 2: the exciting position that should avoid when determining vibrator method exciting:
The exciting positional value (NODP-A) that calculating should be avoided:
Figure BSA00000355137500082
The NODP-A that calculates gained is carried out normalization, get the exciting position that its value should be avoided during as vibrator method exciting less than 0.1 point.In the present embodiment, the NODP-A value is as shown in table 8 greater than 0.1 node serial number.
Table 8
14 41 68 95 122 136 137 138 139 140
141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150
151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160
161 162 176 203 230 257 284
Substep 3: in available exciting position, get rid of the exciting position that to avoid, obtain the exciting position of vibrator method.In the present embodiment, the exciting position node corresponding such as the table 9 of vibrator method:
Table 9
1 2 10 18 26 27 28 54 82 108
190 216 244 270 271 272 296 297
Step 5, definite dull and stereotyped point position:
Computing information matrix A and allocation matrix E:
Figure BSA00000355137500084
Calculate E A: E A=E * ADDOFA
To the E that calculates AValue is carried out normalization, gets the point position of its value when carrying out the mode test greater than 0.8 point for adopting sensor.In the present embodiment, E AValue is as shown in table 10 greater than 0.8 node serial number.
Table 10
1 6 10 14 18 22 27 28 54 136
162 244 270 271 275 280 285 289 293 297
Step 6, be that 184 corresponding position hangs this slab construction at node number, adopt the vibrator method at node number be 82 position to the slab construction exciting, in the point position placement sensor shown in the table 10 slab construction is carried out the mode test.

Claims (1)

1. a mode of oscillation method of testing comprises the steps:
Step 1, set up the finite element model of structure;
Step 2, carry out finite element modal analysis: each the rank natural frequency ω that calculates structure rAnd Mode Shape, and each rank Mode Shape that will calculate is by quality battle array normalizing, the mode formation after the normalization is
Figure FSA00000355137400011
Wherein, j is tested structural point, and r is the exponent number of mode;
Step 3, determine hanging position: definition average driving degree of freedom shift value (ADDOFD) is:
Figure FSA00000355137400012
ADDOFD is carried out normalization, get its value less than 0.1 point as hanging position;
Step 4, determine the exciting position:
If adopt hammering method to carry out exciting, comprise following three sub-steps:
Substep 1: the available exciting position when determining the hammering method exciting:
Defining optimum exciting point positional value (ODP) is:
Calculate each rank average velocity response (ADDOFV):
Figure FSA00000355137400014
With ADDOFV combine with ODP the definition hammering method exciting positional value (ODP-V):
Figure FSA00000355137400015
The ODP-V value of calculating gained is carried out normalization, get its value greater than 0.9 point the available exciting position during as the hammering method exciting;
Substep 2: the exciting position that should avoid when determining the hammering method exciting:
The exciting positional value that definition should be avoided:
Figure FSA00000355137400021
NODP is combined with ADDOFV, and the exciting positional value (NODP-V) that definition hammering method should be avoided is shown below:
Figure FSA00000355137400022
The NODP-V that calculates gained is carried out normalization, get the exciting position that its value should be avoided during as the hammering method exciting less than 0.15 point;
Substep 3: in available exciting position, get rid of the exciting position that to avoid, obtain the exciting position of hammering method;
If adopt the vibrator method to carry out exciting, comprise following three sub-steps:
Substep 1: the available exciting position when determining vibrator method exciting:
Computation structure average acceleration response (ADDOFA):
ODP is combined definition vibrator method exciting positional value (ODP-A) with ADDOFA:
Figure FSA00000355137400024
The ODP-A that calculates gained is carried out normalization, get ODP-A greater than 0.9 point available exciting position as the vibrator method;
Substep 2: the exciting position that should avoid when determining vibrator method exciting:
NODP is combined the exciting positional value (NODP-A) that definition vibrator method should be avoided with ADDOFA:
Figure FSA00000355137400031
The NODP-A that calculates is carried out normalization, get the exciting position that its value should be avoided during as vibrator method exciting less than 0.1 point;
Substep three: in available exciting position, get rid of the exciting position that to avoid, obtain the exciting position of vibrator method;
Step 5, determine point position:
Computing information matrix A and allocation matrix E:
Figure FSA00000355137400032
Figure FSA00000355137400033
Calculate E A: E A=E * ADDOFA
To the E that calculates AValue is carried out normalization, gets the point position of its value when carrying out the mode test greater than 0.8 point for adopting sensor;
Step 6, the hanging position that adopts step 3 to determine hang and treat geodesic structure, and the exciting position of adopting step 4 to determine adopts hammering method or vibrator method to the structure exciting, in the point position placement sensor that step 5 is determined structure are carried out the mode test.
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CN110220662A (en) * 2019-07-23 2019-09-10 湖南南方通用航空发动机有限公司 A kind of test method of blade high frequency static frequency
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CN111597653A (en) * 2020-05-09 2020-08-28 东南大学 Bridge structure defect dynamic detection and identification method for bridge crane
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Application publication date: 20110727