CN102135414B - Method for calculating displacement of wall rock - Google Patents
Method for calculating displacement of wall rock Download PDFInfo
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- CN102135414B CN102135414B CN2010106113946A CN201010611394A CN102135414B CN 102135414 B CN102135414 B CN 102135414B CN 2010106113946 A CN2010106113946 A CN 2010106113946A CN 201010611394 A CN201010611394 A CN 201010611394A CN 102135414 B CN102135414 B CN 102135414B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of engineering measurement and discloses a method for calculating the displacement of wall rocks. The method comprises the steps of deleting laser imaging points reflected by light reflecting membranes at the central regions of CCD grating images of a total station; equalizing a plurality of brightness peak values on the brightness-level coordinate axis of the brightness-level statistical distribution chart; calculating the rotating angle Delta Theta of a displacement turnplate according to the brightness-level difference Delta G in a laser brightness distribution mode; further calculating the relative displacement of a rotating shaft and an anchoring head; reading the distance measuring result and the VH angle value of the total station on the light reflecting membrane; and calculating the spatial position of the rotating shaft and the anchoring head according to the spatial position of the total station. The method can be used for calculating exactly, the influence of the air dust attenuation on the laser strength of the total station can be eliminated, the influence of different laser strengths due to the observation angle on calculation results of measuring point position displacement can be avoided, and the stability is good.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of underground engineering wall rock displacement computing method, belong to the engineering survey field.
Background technology
The surrouding rock deformation monitoring is dynamically to adjust arrangement and method for construction in the underground engineering construction, confirms the important evidence of supporting opportunity and parameter.The surrouding rock deformation monitoring of underground works comprises surface and internal displacement monitoring, and multipoint displacement meter is generally adopted in the measurement of country rock internal displacement, and the country rock surface displacement generally adopts convergence gauge or total powerstation observation.In order to confirm country rock physical and mechanical parameter and initial stress field, must obtain two kinds of displacement datas simultaneously.Because the country rock internal displacement that multipoint displacement meter obtains is not absolute displacement; But measure the variable in distance between boring surface and the hole internal fixation measuring point; Know the empty space displacement of the inner measuring point of country rock, must understand the spatial position change of vent surface simultaneously.At present on the engineering, these two kinds of displacements are separately observation, or even two groups of observation personnel carry out at different time, and information can not in time be integrated; And be in the state of hand dipping, artificial reading mostly; It is time-consuming to require great effort; Country rock parameter back-analysis, Dynamic Construction project setting to implementing in the New Austrian Tunneling Method construction are very unfavorable; Usually cause design proposal and construction organization to revise the delay of adjustment, cause engineering safety hidden danger or waste easily, and influence construction speed.Therefore, need development to observe the real-time observation method of country rock inside and surface displacement simultaneously.
Patented claim before the inventor discloses a kind of underground engineering wall rock displacement real-time observation device; Can directly observe the absolute displacement that obtains country rock surface displacement and inner measuring point at a distance, easily, help the accurate acquisition of underground engineering wall rock distortion back analysis parameter and the rapid adjustment of arrangement and method for construction.
The device of this underground engineering wall rock displacement real-time monitored, as shown in Figure 1, it comprises the support of being with rotating shaft; Positioning disk is fixedly mounted in the rotating shaft; The surface is center of circle gray scale tangential gradual change with the rotating shaft, and circular displacement rotating disk is set in the rotating shaft, and its inner periphery place flanged pin; Can rotate around rotating shaft, the displacement rotating disk is that the center of circle is distributed with three windows symmetrically with the rotating shaft; The country rock measuring point anchorage head links to each other with steel wire, and steel wire is walked around the flange on the displacement rotating disk, is connected with weight, and moving of steel wire can fricton-tightly drive the displacement dial rotation; Device has retroreflective sheeting on the rotating shaft end face; Also comprise total powerstation, link to each other with computing machine.
Total powerstation through total powerstation real time record retroreflective sheeting, positioning disk reflection in the device of above-mentioned underground engineering wall rock displacement real-time monitored is sighted laser; Carry out the monochrome information analysis of reflector laser, obtain absolute position, the space displacement of observation device rotating shaft and anchorage head.
Summary of the invention
The computing method of the space absolute displacement of observation device rotating shaft and anchorage head can have multiple, and technical matters to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of computing method.
The computing method of country rock absolute displacement of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
(1) reads rasterizing laser facula data on the total powerstation CCD, remove the irregular bright spot data at edge; According to retroreflective sheeting, positioning disk reflective spot percentage m, deletion ccd image central area retroreflective sheeting laser light reflected imaging point;
(2) laser facula brightness data normalization;
(3) on the intensity level coordinate axis of brightness statistics distribution plan, a plurality of brightness peaks are equidistantly changed;
(4) the intensity level difference of calculating and last observed result laser Luminance Distribution pattern, the corner angle of displacement calculating rotating disk;
(5), calculate the relative displacement value of rotating shaft and anchorage head according to corner angle and rotating shaft radius;
(6) read total powerstation to retroreflective sheeting range finding result and VH angle value, and, calculate the locus of rotating shaft and anchorage head according to the locus of total powerstation own.
In the such scheme, adopt 2 rank Savitzky-Golay matches in the step (3), and to adopt least square method be criterion, make that the histogram match is peak-to-peak to be equated apart from △ X.
The present invention has following advantage and effect:
1. calculate accurately, eliminated the total powerstation laser intensity and possibly receive the influence that air-borne dust is decayed, avoided because observation angle causes the influence of laser intensity difference to point position displacement result of calculation, good stability.
2. can implement country rock surface and internal displacement observation simultaneously.Because the device rotating shaft is connected with the country rock surface rigidity through support, the space displacement of rotating shaft has just characterized the displacement on country rock surface.In conjunction with the relative displacement between anchorage head and the rotating shaft, can obtain the absolute displacement of country rock inside and surface point, highly beneficial to country rock parametric inversion and stability analysis.
3. observation speed is fast, and it is favourable that ten minutes is measured in the surrouding rock deformation of the high time density of big gauge point, helps the rapid adjustment of real-time analysis and arrangement and method for construction.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the wall rock displacement real-time observation device structural representation.
Fig. 2 is a displacement sabot partial structurtes synoptic diagram.
Fig. 3 is a rotating shaft partial structurtes synoptic diagram.
Fig. 4 is the positioning disk synoptic diagram.
Fig. 5 is the retroreflective sheeting synoptic diagram.
Fig. 6 is a reflector laser CCD image.
Fig. 7 analyzes synoptic diagram for the reflector laser signal statistics.
Fig. 8 analyzes synoptic diagram for the reflector laser signal difference.
Wherein: computing machine 1, total powerstation 2, displacement rotating disk 3, window 4, rotating shaft 5, steel wire 6, measuring point anchorage head 7, positioning disk 8, weight 9, retroreflective sheeting 10, support 11 and flange 12.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is done further detailed explanation:
Use the underground engineering wall rock displacement real-time observation device of computing method of the present invention; It comprises the support 11 of being with rotating shaft 5, and positioning disk 8 is fixedly mounted in the rotating shaft 5, and the surface is center of circle gray scale tangential gradual change with the rotating shaft; Circular displacement rotating disk 3 is set in the rotating shaft 5; And its inner periphery place flanged pin 12 can rotate around rotating shaft, and the displacement rotating disk is that the center of circle is distributed with three windows 4 symmetrically with the rotating shaft; Country rock measuring point anchorage head 7 links to each other with steel wire 6, and steel wire 6 is walked around the flange 12 on the displacement rotating disk 3, is connected with weight 9, and moving of steel wire 6 can fricton-tightly drive 3 rotations of displacement rotating disk; Device has retroreflective sheeting 10 on rotating shaft 5 end faces; Also comprise total powerstation 2, link to each other with computing machine 1.
Analysis software (" tunnel deformation monitoring system " is housed in the computing machine 1; Software copyright registration number 2007SR01365); But the total powerstation 2 range finding laser of real time record retroreflective sheeting 10 reflections; And sight laser through the total powerstation 2 that positioning disk in the window 4 on the displacement rotating disk 38 and retroreflective sheeting 10 reflect, obtain the country rock absolute displacement data that measuring point anchorage head 7 characterizes through analyzing the laser four peak value structure grey scale signals that multiwindow forms.
Like Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and shown in Figure 3, computing machine 1 links to each other with total powerstation 2, forms the observation and analysis part, but the distance and the angle of real-time monitored record retroreflective sheeting 10 obtain the country rock surface location; But the laser that reflects through the laser that reflected by positioning disk 8 in the window 4 on the displacement rotating disk 3 and retroreflective sheeting 10 of real time record simultaneously, software analysis laser grey scale signal is as shown in Figure 6 in the computing machine 1, presents four peak value structures.According to the data of prior demarcation, obtain the position of rotation of present bit transfer dish 3, the observation device locus in conjunction with being obtained by retroreflective sheeting 10 observations further calculates country rock surface and inner displacement and absolute position.
Rotating shaft 5 end faces are equipped with retroreflective sheeting 10, cooperate total powerstation 2 angle measurement of finding range.Positioning disk 8 is installed on the support 7, not with rotating shaft 5 rotations; Displacement rotating disk 35 rotations around the shaft, and cover in positioning disk 8.Be the center of circle with rotating shaft 5 axis on the displacement rotating disk 3, be distributed with 4 three of windows symmetrically, can see through the laser of sighting of outside total powerstation 2 emissions at a distance.Positioning disk 8 is hidden by displacement rotating disk 3, can be through the laser of sighting of window 4 usable reflection total powerstations 2 emissions.As shown in Figure 4, positioning disk 8 is band ringwise, clockwise perhaps gray scale gradual change counterclockwise.As shown in Figure 5, retroreflective sheeting 10 is circular, adopts band center point of aim mark.Support 11 is fixed on country rock and measures the outer rock surface of boring, plays a supportive role.Measuring point anchorage head 7 is positioned at country rock and measures boring, and measuring point anchorage head 7 is fixedly connected with rock.
Absolute position, the space calculation of displacement method of observation device rotating shaft and anchorage head can have multiple, and a kind of data processing method disclosed by the invention comprises data preparation and data computation two parts.The step that data are prepared is as long as carry out once when observation device is changed, and the each observation of the step of data computation all need be carried out.
The data preparation step of observation:
(1) read and sight under the laser radiation, retroreflective sheeting reflexes to the rasterizing laser facula data on the total powerstation CCD, as nominal data 1;
(2) read and sight under the laser radiation, the displacement rotating disk blocks that positioning disk reflexes to the rasterizing laser facula data on the total powerstation CCD under the situation, as nominal data 2;
(3), calculate upward reflective spot percentage m of retroreflective sheeting, positioning disk CCD according to nominal data 1 and nominal data 2;
Total powerstation through total powerstation real time record retroreflective sheeting, positioning disk reflection in this device is sighted laser; Carry out the monochrome information analysis of reflector laser, obtain absolute position, the space displacement of observation device rotating shaft (retroreflective sheeting 10 central points) and measuring point anchorage head 7, concrete steps are:
(1) reads rasterizing laser facula data (like laser facula among Fig. 6) on the total powerstation CCD, remove the irregular bright spot data at edge; According to retroreflective sheeting, positioning disk reflective spot percentage m, calculate the catoptric imaging of retroreflective sheeting and count, deletion ccd image central area retroreflective sheeting laser light reflected imaging point (core hot spot as shown in Figure 6);
(2) laser facula brightness data normalization;
(3) on the intensity level coordinate axis of brightness statistics distribution plan, a plurality of brightness peaks are equidistantly changed; Promptly statistics obtains hot spot intensity level aggregate-value column distribution plan (as shown in Figure 7); Data are carried out level and smooth match; For example adopt 2 rank Savitzky-Golay matches, and to adopt least square method be criterion, make that the histogram match is peak-to-peak to equate (as shown in Figure 7) apart from △ X;
(4) the intensity level difference △ G of calculating and last observed result laser Luminance Distribution pattern; Be reflected into example (as shown in Figure 8) with three windows; The hot spot statistical fit peak of this measurement is a grey; Last measurement hot spot statistical fit peak is a black, and the difference (horizontal ordinate difference) of two peak values on intensity level is △ G, the corner angle △ θ of rotating disk=△ G * 2 π/120;
(5) the relative displacement value △ L of calculating rotating shaft and anchorage head; △ L=△ θ * R, corner angle △ θ wherein, rotating shaft radius R;
(6) read total powerstation to retroreflective sheeting range finding result and VH angle value, and according to the locus of total powerstation own, boring direction, the locus of calculating rotating shaft and anchorage head.
During practical implementation, computing machine 1 adopts portable machine or the desktop computer that possesses serial port, can with total powerstation 2 communication exchange information, obtain range finding, angle measurement data and laser-bounce imaging data, carry out analytical calculation.Total powerstation 2 adopts CCD imaging-type electronic total station, and available model has Topcon MS series, come card TPS1200 series etc.Steel wire 6 adopts indium steel wire or high-strength stainless steel wire.Displacement rotating disk 3 adopts inferior light black plastic dish to make; The disk overall diameter is slightly larger than positioning disk 8 overall diameters; Be that the center of circle has 4 three of windows (be between window 120 degree spacings distribute) symmetrically with rotating shaft 5 axis on the card, make that the resolution of 1 pair of laser multi-peak of computing machine structure grey scale signal is more stable easier.Rotating shaft 5 end faces are equipped with retroreflective sheeting 10, cooperate total powerstation 2 to realize the range finding angle measurement.Retroreflective sheeting 10 is rounded, adopts the Leica of band centre mark or Topcon measurement reflective membrane to process uniform gray level.Retroreflective sheeting 10 rotating shafts 5 coaxial rotation, sidesway does not take place in its center, has fixing relative position relation with displacement rotating disk 3 and positioning disk 8, guarantees the accuracy of the look in the distance aiming and the reflector laser analysis of total powerstation 2.Positioning disk 8 adopts 3M diamond reflecting film, Leica or Topcon to measure reflective membrane in the form of a ring, 10～20 centimetres of overall diameters, on cover transparent membrane, transparent membrane adopts electroplates printing level PC film or the PET film printing is processed.Positioning disk 8 reflector space gray scales are perhaps gradual change counterclockwise clockwise, and the transmittance lowest part is not less than 50%; Positioning disk 8 interior diameters are sleeved in the rotating shaft 5 than rotating shaft 5 somewhat larger in diameter, and with rotating shaft 5 rotations, the back side is not fixed on the support 11.Support 11 adopts stainless steel to make, and can be fixed by bolts to country rock and measure on the rock of drilling orifice.Rotating shaft 5 adopts stainless steel to make, and is contained on the support 11, can stablize rotation.
Measuring point anchorage head 7 can adopt modes such as the wood that expands, bolt anchoring and country rock to measure to hole interior rock to fix.
Through computing method of the present invention, the measuring process in engineering practice is following:
1. total powerstation 2 is sighted the positioning disk 8 and retroreflective sheeting 10 of laser radiation stepping rotation, obtains record behind the reflected light, sights the reflective light contrast that laser shines retroreflective sheeting 10 separately with total powerstation 2, forms the grayscale mode benchmark, record.
2. after observation device being connected, be fixed on country rock through support 11 and measure on the drilling orifice crag, rock is fixed in measuring point anchorage head 7 and the hole, place weight 9 after, steel wire 6 is tight, is set to original state;
3. total powerstation 2 is freely established the station, and laser position measurement is first carried out at aiming retroreflective sheeting 10 centers, obtains the absolute position, space of observation device, record;
4. start total powerstation 2 simultaneously and sight laser, irradiation positioning disk 8 and retroreflective sheeting 10, computing machine 1 obtains the reflector laser signal through total powerstation 2, analyzes and record reflector laser grayscale mode, is set to the initial zero position of deformation in surrounding rock;
5. during the displacement of underground engineering wall rock each several part, the measuring point anchorage head 7 and weight 9 traction steel wires 6 of internal fixation drive displacement rotating disk 3 and rotate, and with positioning disk 8 an angle changing of the relative positions are arranged;
6. behind the certain hour interval, observe once more and should locate the surrounding rock displacement situation, total powerstation 2 aiming retroreflective sheetings 10 centers, find range laser measurement, calculating obtain the absolute displacement of observation device; Total powerstation 2 is sighted laser radiation positioning disk 8 and retroreflective sheeting 10; Obtain reflected light post analysis light grayscale mode; Contrast calculates the angle that relatively rotates of displacement rotating disk 3; Obtain the relative movement distance of inner measuring point of country rock and observation device,, calculate the absolute displacement of the inner measuring point of country rock in conjunction with the absolute displacement of observation device;
7. according to engineering surrounding rock observation requirement, repeated measures, computing machine 1 record.
Claims (2)
1. the computing method of the space absolute displacement of underground engineering wall rock displacement real-time observation device shaft and anchorage head; This device comprises the support of being with rotating shaft, and positioning disk is fixedly mounted in the rotating shaft, and the surface is center of circle gray scale tangential gradual change with the rotating shaft; Circular displacement rotating disk is set in the rotating shaft; And its inner periphery place flanged pin can rotate around rotating shaft, and the displacement rotating disk is that the center of circle is distributed with three windows symmetrically with the rotating shaft; The country rock measuring point anchorage head links to each other with steel wire, and steel wire is walked around the flange on the displacement rotating disk, is connected with weight, and moving of steel wire can fricton-tightly drive the displacement dial rotation; Device has retroreflective sheeting on the rotating shaft end face; Also comprise total powerstation, link to each other with computing machine; It is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) reads rasterizing laser facula data on the total powerstation CCD, remove the irregular bright spot data at edge; According to retroreflective sheeting, positioning disk reflective spot percentage m, deletion ccd image central area retroreflective sheeting laser light reflected imaging point;
(2) laser facula brightness data normalization;
(3) on the intensity level coordinate axis of brightness statistics distribution plan, a plurality of brightness peaks are equidistantly changed;
(4) the intensity level difference of calculating and last observed result laser Luminance Distribution pattern, the corner angle of displacement calculating rotating disk;
(5), calculate the relative displacement value of rotating shaft and anchorage head according to corner angle and rotating shaft radius;
(6) read total powerstation to retroreflective sheeting range finding result and VH angle value, and, calculate the locus of rotating shaft and anchorage head according to the locus of total powerstation own.
2. computing method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: adopt 2 rank Savitzky-Golay matches in the step (3), and to adopt least square method be criterion, the peak-to-peak distance, delta X of histogram match is equated.
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| CN2010106113946A CN102135414B (en) | 2010-12-29 | 2010-12-29 | Method for calculating displacement of wall rock |
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| CN2010106113946A CN102135414B (en) | 2010-12-29 | 2010-12-29 | Method for calculating displacement of wall rock |
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| CN102135414B true CN102135414B (en) | 2012-03-28 |
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| CN103670386B (en) * | 2013-12-11 | 2016-11-02 | 同济大学 | A kind of lithostratigraphy multi-point displacement laser measurement method and device |
| CN104390599A (en) * | 2014-10-21 | 2015-03-04 | 中国人民解放军63653部队 | Sectional surrounding rock convergence deformation close-range photogrammetry method |
| CN104537611A (en) * | 2014-10-28 | 2015-04-22 | 南京理工大学 | Optimized light intensity transmission phase recovery method based on Savitzky-Golay differential filters |
| CN107091671B (en) * | 2017-06-28 | 2023-06-06 | 贵州航天智慧农业有限公司 | Linear liquid level sensor for detecting by utilizing illumination intensity |
| CN107355259B (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2019-04-16 | 长安大学 | Tunnel vault restrains overall process and monitors system and method |
| CN107462182B (en) * | 2017-09-19 | 2019-05-28 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of cross section profile deformation detecting method based on machine vision and red line laser |
| CN107729645B (en) * | 2017-10-11 | 2020-10-13 | 重庆大学 | Method for judging stability of expansive surrounding rock tunnel inverted arch support |
| CN108253938B (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2020-01-24 | 武汉大学 | TBM rock breaking slag digital close-range photogrammetry recognition and inversion method |
| CN111721458B (en) * | 2020-06-24 | 2021-12-28 | 北京航空航天大学 | Residual stress detection method and device based on image recognition |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101344389A (en) * | 2008-08-20 | 2009-01-14 | 中国建筑第八工程局有限公司 | Method for estimating tunnel surrounding rock displacement by neural network |
| CN101886914A (en) * | 2010-06-13 | 2010-11-17 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Underground engineering wall rock displacement real-time observation device |
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| JPS6197506A (en) * | 1984-10-19 | 1986-05-16 | Hazama Gumi Ltd | Section measuring apparatus for tunnel |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101344389A (en) * | 2008-08-20 | 2009-01-14 | 中国建筑第八工程局有限公司 | Method for estimating tunnel surrounding rock displacement by neural network |
| CN101886914A (en) * | 2010-06-13 | 2010-11-17 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Underground engineering wall rock displacement real-time observation device |
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| JP昭61-97506A 1986.05.16 |
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Granted publication date: 20120328 Termination date: 20211229 |