CN102130662A - Fractal and composite right/left-handed transmission line-based miniature double-frequency microstrip rat-race coupler - Google Patents
Fractal and composite right/left-handed transmission line-based miniature double-frequency microstrip rat-race coupler Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fractal and composite right/left-handed transmission line-based miniature double-frequency microstrip rat-race coupler, which consists of four composite right/left-handed transmission line (CRLH TL) braches and four input/output ports, wherein the four CRLH TL branches are sequentially connected end to end, and have a Koch fractal structure respectively; the four input/output ports are connected between every two adjacent branches respectively, and are used for connecting small A type (SMA) joints; the four branches comprise three CRLH TL branches with completely identical circuit parameters and the CRLH TL branch with different circuit parameters, namely, the four branches comprise three transmission line branches which realize +90 degrees and -90 degrees on the frequency bands of fL and fH respectively and the transmission line branch which realizes -90 degrees and -270 degrees on the frequency bands of fL and fH respectively; and each of the four branches is formed by concatenating two CRLH TL units. The fractal and composite right/left-handed transmission line-based miniature double-frequency microstrip rat-race coupler is rationally designed, convenient to realize, good in using effects, highly accuracy and widely applicable, and can effectively solve the problems of complex method, poor using effects, large volume, incapability of really working in a double-frequency mode and the like of the conventional double-frequency rat-race coupler.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of double frequency circuited microstrip loop electric bridge, especially relate to a kind of based on fractal and compact dual-frequency circuited microstrip loop electric bridge composite right/left-handed transmission line.
Background technology
Squirrel-cage coupler as shown in Figure 1 (rat-race coupler), claim ring-shape bridge or hybrid ring again, be a kind of important primary element in the microwave circuit, form, can directly be used as power divider and synthesizer by 3-90 ° of branch roads and-270 ° of branch roads.During as power divider: import from 1 port (port1) when signal, then 2 ports and 3 ports (being port2 and port3) constant amplitude homophase is exported, and 4 ports (being port4) are isolated; When signal is imported from 4 ports, then 2 ports and the anti-phase output of 3 port constant amplitudes, 1 port isolation.When the power combiner: when signal from 2 ports and the input of 3 port constant amplitude homophases, energy is in the synthetic output of 1 port, and is 180 ° of no-outputs of cancelling out each other at 4 ports because of wave path-difference; When signal from 2 ports and the anti-phase input of 3 port constant amplitudes, energy is in the synthetic output of 4 ports, and offsets no-output at 1 port.The above-mentioned characteristic of ring-shape bridge can be described as with the S parameter matrix:
The peculiar property of ring-shape bridge makes it be widely used in the feeding network of balanced mixer, power amplifier and antenna (especially circular polarized antenna).Research is not difficult to find Fig. 2, two kinds of ring-shape bridges of deriving shown in Figure 3, can realize the duplicate function of traditional endless electric bridge shown in Figure 1 equally.Microstrip line (ML) ring-shape bridge is because of its integrated level height, is easy to realize planar structure and is widely used in the middle of the microwave integrated circuit.With strip line, coplanar waveguide structure Comparatively speaking, microstrip line has special advantages thereby is used widely.
At present a lot of about the theoretical research result of circuited microstrip loop electric bridge, mainly concentrate on following 3 aspects: the one, the miniaturization of ring-shape bridge, the 2nd, the widebandization of ring-shape bridge, the 3rd, the double frequency or the multifrequencyization of ring-shape bridge.The technology of miniaturization both at home and abroad mainly comprises: 1, introduce minor matters in parallel in the middle of four branch roads; 2, adopt the stepped impedance line technology, by in ring, introducing gradual change Low ESR minor matters; 3, in ring, introduce cannelure and realize that thereby capacitive loads the reduction resonance frequency; 4, adopt fractal technology; 5, adopt to the snake technology of ring sunken inside etc.Aspect double frequency research, the double frequency ring-shape bridge that design meets index request is microwave engineering designer's a hope always, also be difficult point simultaneously, its fundamental requirement is design all can be satisfied the ring-shape bridge of precise phase requirement at any two given frequency places four branch roads, thereby reports seldom about the research of double frequency ring-shape bridge.The layout structure of tradition circuited microstrip loop electric bridge, as shown in Figure 7.
The external technology of double frequency ring-shape bridge that realizes mainly comprises following two kinds: the one, in the middle of 4 branch roads, introduce T type stepped impedance minor matters respectively, but the minor matters line that is adopted in this method is oversize, must increase the size of ring-shape bridge, can not satisfy the miniaturization needs, and method for designing is more loaded down with trivial details; Another method just is based on T shape open circuit minor matters, in ring, introducing the T shape open circuit minor matters of 2 parallel connections between 2 ports and 4 ports, thereby length, width and the spacing between them of T shape open circuit minor matters just become the key that realizes dual frequency characteristics, the physical structure parameter is more and be difficult to optimize in the design process, simultaneously the accurate unusual difficulty of the dual frequency characteristics under the given frequency of design.To sum up, the method for existing synthetic double frequency ring-shape bridge is loaded down with trivial details, precision is low, be difficult to popularization, the proposition and the improvement of demanding new method urgently.And each branch road of double frequency ring-shape bridge of realizing in above-mentioned two kinds of miniaturization methods is constant at low frequency and high frequency treatment phase relation, and its mechanism is that the identical traditional electric bridge that will work in different frequency synthesizes.
There is not left hand transmission line in nature.Left hand transmission line specifically is by introduce the left hand capacitor C on series arm
LAnd on parallel branch, introduce the ground connection inductance L
L, and the artificial synthetic class transmission line with characteristics such as left-hand nonlinear dispersion relation, negative propagation constants.(equivalence is series inductance L because inevitably can there be right hand ghost effect in left hand transmission line
RAnd shunt capacitance C
R), so contain the left hand transmission line called after composite right/left-handed transmission line (being called for short CRLH TL) of ghost effect.
Nowadays, the double frequency device of having realized based on lamped element CRLH TL mainly contains branch line coupler, Wilkinson power splitter, 1/4 wavelength open branch line etc.But construct realization double frequency ring-shape bridge based on lamped element CRLH TL report is not arranged as yet, main cause has two: one, and ring-shape bridge is different from above-mentioned microwave device, it has the branch road of two kinds of outs of phase relation, design get up than other double frequency device complexity many; The 2nd, lamped element CRLH TL has unique hyperbolic dispersion relation, is difficult to as above-mentioned external report two kinds and makes its each branch road keep phase relation constant at low frequency and high frequency treatment based on T type stepped impedance minor matters and the T shape open circuit double frequency ring-shape bridge that minor matters realized.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is at above-mentioned deficiency of the prior art, provide a kind of based on fractal and compact dual-frequency circuited microstrip loop electric bridge composite right/left-handed transmission line, it is reasonable in design, realization is convenient and result of use is good, precision is high, can effectively solve the existing existing method complexity of double frequency ring-shape bridge, result of use is relatively poor, volume is big, can not really work in defective and deficiency such as double frequency pattern.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of based on fractal and compact dual-frequency circuited microstrip loop electric bridge composite right/left-handed transmission line, it is characterized in that: connect successively and work in low frequency f by head and the tail
LWith high frequency f
HFour CRLH TL branch roads on two frequency bands are connected on adjacent two CRLH TL branch road tie points respectively with four and the input/output port that is used to be connected sub-miniature A connector is formed; Four described CRLH TL branch roads are by the unit cascaded composition of a plurality of CRLH TL; Described CRLH TL unit comprises the capacitor C that is connected between adjacent two input/output ports
LAnd inductance L
RAnd the capacitor C that is in parallel
RAnd inductance L
L, inductance L
LAn end ground connection and its other end and capacitor C
LJoin wherein said capacitor C
LAnd inductance L
LThe left-hand part circuit of forming described CRLH TL unit, and described inductance L
RAnd capacitor C
RThe right hand portion circuit of forming described CRLH TL unit;
Form the circuit parameter of a plurality of CRLH TL unit of four any CRLH TL branch roads in the described CRLH TL branch road, all meet the following conditions: inductance L
RInductance value
Capacitor C
RCapacitance
Inductance L
LInductance value
Capacitor C
LCapacitance
And
Z in the formula
cBe the characteristic impedance of CRLH TL unit, ω
LAnd ω
HBe respectively ring-shape bridge at low frequency f
LWith high frequency f
HAngular frequency and ω on two frequency bands
L=2 π f
L, ω
H=2 π f
H,
With
Being respectively this CRLH TL branch road is low frequency f in operating frequency
LWith high frequency f
HThe time phase-shift phase, N is the quantity that the described CRLH TL unit of this CRLH TL branch road is formed in cascade.
Above-mentioned based on fractal and compact dual-frequency circuited microstrip loop electric bridge composite right/left-handed transmission line, it is characterized in that: four described CRLH TL branch roads comprise three at low frequency f
LAnd f
HCan realize respectively on the high frequency+branch road one of 90 ° of phase shifts and-90 ° of phase shifts and one is at low frequency f
LAnd f
HCan realize the branch road two of-90 ° of phase shifts and-270 ° of phase shifts on the high frequency respectively.
Above-mentioned based on fractal and compact dual-frequency circuited microstrip loop electric bridge composite right/left-handed transmission line, it is characterized in that: four described CRLH TL branch roads are by two unit cascaded compositions of CRLH TL; And described CRLHTL branch road comprises that loaded in series is in two series arms and two parallel branches that are carried between two described series arms in parallel of adjacent input/output port end respectively, and two described series arms are by capacitor C
LAnd inductance L
RCompose in series, two described parallel branches are by inductance L
LAnd capacitor C
RAnd connect composition; Two capacitor C
LWith two inductance L
LThe left-hand part circuit of forming CRLH TL branch road, and two inductance L
RWith two capacitor C
RThe right hand portion circuit of forming CRLH TL branch road.
Above-mentioned based on fractal and compact dual-frequency circuited microstrip loop electric bridge composite right/left-handed transmission line, it is characterized in that: the left-hand part circuit of described CRLH TL branch road is made up of lumped parameter SMT element, the right hand portion circuit of described CRLH TL branch road is made up of microstrip line, and the left-hand part circuit of described CRLH TL branch road and right hand portion circuit all are laid on little band plate.
Above-mentioned based on fractal and compact dual-frequency circuited microstrip loop electric bridge composite right/left-handed transmission line, it is characterized in that: the right hand portion circuit of described CRLH TL branch road is the fractals structure.
Above-mentioned based on fractal and compact dual-frequency circuited microstrip loop electric bridge composite right/left-handed transmission line, it is characterized in that: described fractals structure for iteration factor IF be 1/4 and iterations be 2 Koch fractal curve.
Above-mentioned based on fractal and compact dual-frequency circuited microstrip loop electric bridge composite right/left-handed transmission line, it is characterized in that: have the cable-through hole of installing for described lumped parameter SMT element on described little band plate, described microstrip line is engraved on little band plate through corrosion.
Above-mentioned based on fractal and compact dual-frequency circuited microstrip loop electric bridge composite right/left-handed transmission line, it is characterized in that: the electrical length of described microstrip line is
The characteristic impedance of CRLH TL unit
The actual physics length L of described microstrip line and width W are all according to electrical length
Line characteristic impedance Z
cCalculate with the dielectric constant of little band plate and by Ansoft Serenade software toolkit.
Above-mentioned based on fractal and compact dual-frequency circuited microstrip loop electric bridge composite right/left-handed transmission line, it is characterized in that: described low frequency f
L=0.75GHz and high frequency f
H=1.8GHz.
Above-mentioned based on fractal and compact dual-frequency circuited microstrip loop electric bridge composite right/left-handed transmission line, it is characterized in that: described little band plate is the polytetrafluoroethylglass glass cloth plate.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages:
1, circuit is simple, and processing and fabricating is easy, adopts Standard PC B printed-board technology to realize photoetching.
2, the frequency ratio of two frequency bands of ring-shape bridge of this invention is adjustable arbitrarily, only needs to regulate the inductance L of left-hand part
L, capacitor C
LAnd the length of right hand portion microstrip line gets final product.Effectively overcome the defective of regulating trouble in the previous methods.
3, reasonable in design accurate, theoretical derivation and experimental verification have been passed through in the calculating of the required lamped element value of double frequency ring-shape bridge.Traditional endless electric bridge one and the feasibility that the ring-shape bridge three of deriving carries out frequency synthesis in theory are verified, and these two kinds of combinations also are unique combinations that lump CRLH TL can realize the double frequency ring-shape bridge.The left-hand part circuit of each branch road is made up of lumped parameter SMT element and its right hand portion circuit is made up of microstrip line, because the bent angle between fractal section can be introduced extra reactance value, its effect is presented as the phase lag of transmission line, that is to say that the length that causes microstrip line increases.For given frequency, the fractal microstrip line of given phase shift, the concrete physical parameter value that adopts the equiphase method to come precise design Koch fractal microstrip line.For CRLH TL, a part of removing second iteration Koch fractal microstrip line top is used for lump SMT element and loads, and institute's part of going will compensate by the two ends isometric microstrip line of employing that connects sub-miniature A connector at it.Consider that lamped element unavoidably exists right hand ghost effect to cause phase lag, so the electrical length of compensated microstrip line should be less than the fractal microstrip line electrical length of removing because of loading SMT element.
4, volume is little, and real area of the present invention only is 52.2 * 39.4mm
2, and the area of traditional endless electric bridge (specifically seeing Fig. 7) reaches 150 * 135mm
2, the dimension reduction ratio reaches 89.8%.
5, miniaturization method is novel in design rationally and realize easy, do not change under the prerequisite of the fractal aufbauprinciple of classical Koch, change the overbending direction at the some places of curve, thereby make four branch roads both satisfy the phase place requirement, thereby can realize to greatest extent that again miniaturization forms closed circuit.
6, the practical value height is widely used, and two ring-shape bridges with out of phase relation that work in different frequency is united two into one, thereby realize real two-frequency operation pattern.This invention directly can be used for the feeding network of power divider, power combiner, modulation and demodulation device, balanced mixer, power amplifier, Butler matrix and antenna display etc.
7, integrated level height, function is many, has realized the function that two independent ring-shape bridges of common needs could be realized.
8, adopt derive ring-shape bridge three and the traditional endless electric bridge one work in low frequency and high frequency respectively to synthesize, result of use is good, and the prediction equation of circuit parameter is through strict theoretical among the present invention, and confidence level is good, once is designed to the power height.
The present invention is reasonable in design, realization is convenient and result of use is good, precision is high, be widely used, can effectively solve the existing existing method complexity of double frequency ring-shape bridge, result of use is poor, volume is big, can not really work in defective and deficiency such as double frequency pattern, and the prediction equation of circuit parameter is through strict theoretical among the present invention, confidence level is good, once is designed to the power height.
Below by drawings and Examples, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the circuit topology schematic diagram of traditional endless electric bridge one.
Fig. 2 is the circuit topology schematic diagram of ring-shape bridge two of deriving.
Fig. 3 is the circuit topology schematic diagram of ring-shape bridge three of deriving.
Fig. 4 adopts the theoretical circuit theory diagrams of CRLH TL branch road for the present invention.
Fig. 5 adopts the side circuit schematic diagram of CRLH TL branch road for the present invention.
Fig. 6 is an integrated circuit schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the layout structure schematic diagram of traditional circuited microstrip loop electric bridge.
Fig. 8 is a layout structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is the frequency response curve of signal of the present invention ring-shape bridge when 1 port is imported.
Figure 10 is the output unbalance response schematic diagram of electric bridge of the present invention 2 ports and 3 ports when 1 port is imported.
Figure 11 is the frequency response curve of signal of the present invention when 4 ports are imported.
Figure 12 is the output disequilibrium schematic diagram of ring-shape bridge of the present invention 2 ports and 3 ports when 1 port is imported.
Description of reference numerals:
1-CRLH TL branch road; The 2-input/output port; 3-lumped parameter SMT element;
The 4-microstrip line; The little band plate of 5-; 6-CRLH TL unit.
Embodiment
As Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6 and shown in Figure 8, the present invention is connected successively by head and the tail and works in low frequency f
LWith high frequency f
HFour CRLH TL branch roads 1 on two frequency bands are connected on adjacent two CRLHTL branch road 1 tie points respectively with four and the input/output port 2 that is used to be connected sub-miniature A connector is formed.
Four described CRLH TL branch roads 1 are formed by 6 cascades of a plurality of CRLH TL unit; Described CRLHTL unit 6 comprises the capacitor C that is connected between adjacent two input/output ports 2
LAnd inductance L
RAnd the capacitor C that is in parallel
RAnd inductance L
L, inductance L
LAn end ground connection and its other end and capacitor C
LJoin wherein said capacitor C
LAnd inductance L
LThe left-hand part circuit of forming described CRLH TL unit 6, and described inductance L
RAnd capacitor C
RThe right hand portion circuit of forming described CRLH TL unit 6.
Form the circuit parameter of a plurality of CRLHTL unit 6 of four any CRLH TL branch roads 1 in the described CRLH TL branch road 1, all meet the following conditions: inductance L
RInductance value
Capacitor C
RCapacitance
Inductance L
LInductance value
Capacitor C
LCapacitance
And
Z in the formula
cBe the characteristic impedance of CRLH TL unit 6, ω
LAnd ω
HBe respectively ring-shape bridge at low frequency f
LWith high frequency f
HAngular frequency and ω on two frequency bands
L=2 π f
L, ω
H=2 π f
H,
With
Being respectively this CRLH TL branch road 1 is low frequency f in operating frequency
LWith high frequency f
HThe time phase-shift phase, N is the quantity that the described CRLH TL unit 6 of this CRLH TL branch road 1 is formed in cascade.Above-mentioned four prediction equations are the CRLH TL branch road of forming for by N described CRLH TL unit 6 cascades 1, at low frequency f
LWith high frequency f
HObtain required phase shift on the operating frequency respectively
With
, the big or small computing formula of the value of required lamped element.
Because the characteristic impedance of CRLH TL unit 6 (being composite right/left-handed transmission line) is satisfied under equilibrium condition:
But the then left-hand part circuit of CRLH TL unit 6 and the decoupling zero of right hand portion circuit, thus can design separately, and this has brought convenience for the design of CRLH TL unit 6.Because the present invention is designing four described CRLH TL branch roads 1 when synthetic, adopt microstrip line 4 to realize the right hand portion circuit of CRLH TL branch road 1, and adopt lumped parameter SMT (being surface mounting technology, the abbreviation of English Surface Mounted Technology) element 3 to realize the left-hand part circuit of CRLH TL branch road 1.The impedance of input/output port 2 is Z
0, under equilibrium condition, the phase shift of CRLH TL unit (6)
Wherein, N represents to form the number of the CRLHTL unit 6 of CRLH TL branch road 1,
Represent the phase shift of the left hand and the right hand portion circuit of CRLH TL unit 6 respectively, by the characteristic impedance of composite right/left-handed transmission line as can be known of ring-shape bridge basic theories
In angular frequency
L, ω
HThe phase shift at place is
Then have
Z
CRLH(ω=ω
L)=Z
CRLH(ω=ω
H)=Z
c
Obtain four independent equation groups by above-mentioned condition, the circuit parameter value computing formula that can obtain four CRLH TL branch roads 1 to this equation group analysis is: inductance L
RInductance value
Capacitor C
RCapacitance
Inductance L
LInductance value
Capacitor C
LCapacitance
In order to guarantee L
R, C
RBe on the occasion of, must satisfy
This is the reason that the present invention only adopts Fig. 1 and ring-shape bridge shown in Figure 3 to synthesize, and any combination of other of three ring-shape bridges all can not be satisfied following formula, has negated other possibility that other ring-shape bridge synthesizes theoretically.
In the present embodiment, four described CRLH TL branch roads 1 comprise three at low frequency f
LAnd f
HCan realize respectively on the high frequency+branch road one of 90 ° of phase shifts and-90 ° of phase shifts and one is at low frequency f
LAnd f
HCan realize the branch road two of-90 ° of phase shifts and-270 ° of phase shifts on the high frequency respectively.
To satisfy the ring-shape bridge performance simultaneously up to standard in order to simplify circuit, and in the present embodiment, four described CRLHTL branch roads 1 are formed by two CRLH TL unit 6 cascades, i.e. N=2; And described CRLH TL branch road 1 comprises that loaded in series is in two series arms and two parallel branches that are carried between two described series arms in parallel of adjacent input/output port 2 ends respectively, and two described series arms are by capacitor C
LAnd inductance L
RCompose in series, two described parallel branches are by inductance L
LAnd capacitor C
RAnd connect composition; Two capacitor C
LWith two inductance L
LThe left-hand part circuit of forming CRLH TL branch road 1, and two inductance L
RWith two capacitor C
RForm the right hand portion circuit of CRLH TL branch road 1, see Fig. 4 for details.
In the engineering practice, adopt lumped parameter SMT element 3 to realize the left-hand part circuit of CRLH TL branch road 1 shown in Figure 4, and adopt microstrip line 4 to realize the right hand portion circuit of CRLH TL branch road 1, simultaneously, in order to realize that better matching is connected between lumped parameter SMT element 3 and the microstrip line 4, in conjunction with Fig. 5, when carrying out the circuit loading, the left-hand part circuit adopts two T type networks shown in Figure 5 to carry out cascade, and the lumped parameter SMT element 3 of the TL of CRLH described in Project Realization branch road 1 left-hand part circuit comprises two the electric capacity 2Cs of loaded in series at input/output port 2 ends
L, series connection is at two electric capacity 2C
LBetween capacitor C
LAnd two respectively and be connected in electric capacity 2C
LWith capacitor C
LBetween inductance L
L, electric capacity 2C
LCapacitance be capacitor C
L2 times of capacitance.In the present embodiment, the theoretical circuit theory diagrams equivalence of the side circuit schematic diagram of CRLH TL branch road 1 shown in Figure 5 and CRLH TL branch road 1 shown in Figure 4.
In the present embodiment, the left-hand part circuit of described CRLH TL branch road 1 is made up of lumped parameter SMT element 3, the right hand portion circuit of described CRLH TL branch road 1 is made up of microstrip line 4, and the left-hand part circuit of described CRLH TL branch road 1 and right hand portion circuit all are laid on little band plate 5.
Simultaneously, the right hand portion circuit of described CRLH TL branch road 1 is the fractals structure.That is to say right hand portion circuit inductance L
RAnd capacitor C
RRealize by the fractal microstrip line.In the present embodiment, described fractals structure for iteration factor IF be 1/4 and iterations be 2 Koch fractal curve.Can produce a lot of fractal section because the high order iteration is fractal, bring difficulty and error will certainly for design and making, and the fractal amplitude that reduces size of high order is more and more littler, devotion to miniaturization mainly concentrates on preceding twice iteration, thereby in the present embodiment, microstrip line 4 is the fractals structure in the right hand portion circuit of described CRLH TL branch road 1, and described fractals structure is 2 Koch fractal curves after the iteration.
Have the cable-through hole of installing for described lumped parameter SMT element 3 on described little band plate 5, described microstrip line 4 is engraved on little band plate 5 through corrosion.The actual laying when installing left the space of the not etching microstrip line 4 that loads for described lump SMT element 3 and the via hole that metallizes on little band plate 5, microstrip line 4 is engraved on little band plate 5 through corrosion.In the present embodiment, when adopting microstrip line 4 to realize its right hand portion circuit, the electrical length of the microstrip line that adopts 4 is
The characteristic impedance of CRLH TL unit (6)
The actual physics length L of described microstrip line 4 and width W are all according to electrical length
, line characteristic impedance Z
cCalculate with the dielectric constant of little band plate 5 and by Ansoft Serenade software toolkit.In the present embodiment, during real work, low frequency f
L=0.75GHz, and high frequency f
H=1.8GHz.
Described little band plate 5 is the polytetrafluoroethylglass glass cloth plate, and the dielectric constant of described polytetrafluoroethylglass glass cloth plate be 2.65 and its thickness be 1mm.
To sum up, the present invention will work in the ring-shape bridge (specifically referring to traditional endless electric bridge one among Fig. 1 and the ring-shape bridge three of deriving among Fig. 3) that two of different frequency have an out of phase relation and unite two into one, thereby realize real two-frequency operation pattern.The double frequency ring-shape bridge that works in 0.75GHz and 1.8GHz that utilizes the present invention to synthesize and make, wherein when work low frequency 0.75GHz, the present invention is in the operating state of the ring-shape bridge three of deriving shown in Figure 3; When work high frequency 1.8GHz, the present invention works in the operating state of traditional endless electric bridge one shown in Figure 1.Two-frequency operation characteristic of the present invention realizes that by the branch road one and the branch road two of the CRLH TL unit 6 of two kinds of different parameters wherein branch road one is at low frequency f
LWith high frequency f
HOn can realize respectively+line branches and its quantity of 90 ° of phase shifts and-90 ° of phase shifts is three, for simplicity, herein with this branch road one called after CRLH TL
1In addition, branch road two is at low frequency f
LWith high frequency f
HOn can realize respectively that line branches and its quantity of-90 ° of phase shifts and-270 ° of phase shifts are one, herein with this branch road called after CRLH TL
2The detailed design parameter sees Table 1 and table 2: for CRLH TL
2,, almost be CRLHTL because microstrip line 4 is longer in the right hand portion circuit
1In 2 times of microstrip line 4.Adopt this fractal layout will cause four CRLH TL of ring-shape bridge branch road 1 can't be connected to form loop, thereby must carry out malformation to second iteration Koch fractal microstrip line, the present invention is under the prerequisite that does not change the fractal aufbauprinciple of classical Koch, change the overbending direction at the some places of curve, thereby make four CRLH TL branch roads 1 both satisfy the phase place requirement, thereby can realize to greatest extent that again miniaturization forms closed circuit.
The concrete physical parameter value of table 170.7 Ω CRLH TL
The value of the actual used SMT element of table 2
| Transmission line type | L L(nH) | C L(pF) | 2C L(pF) |
| CRLH?TL 1 | 12 | 2.2 | 4.7 |
| CRLH?TL 2 | 56+6.8 | 12 | 12+12 |
In the present embodiment, in the practical work process, when working in low frequency f
LThe time, the present invention works in the state of the ring-shape bridge three of deriving as shown in Figure 3, and the phase relation of ring-shape bridge three each branch roads is satisfied in strictness, promptly three+90 ° branch roads and-90 ° of branch roads; Work in high frequency f
HThe time, circuit working is in the state of traditional endless electric bridge one as shown in Figure 1, and the phase relation of ring-shape bridge one each branch road is satisfied in strictness, i.e. three-90 ° of branch roads and-270 ° of branch roads.
Adopt business simulation software Ansoft Designer3.5 that the present invention is carried out circuit and plane Electromagnetic Dynamic associative simulation.Fig. 9 has provided the frequency response curve of signal ring-shape bridge when 1 port imports.As can be seen from this figure, obviously there are two frequency ranges in electric bridge of the present invention, and a centre frequency is near 0.75GHz, and another one is near 1.8GHz.In 0.62～0.97GHz frequency range, return loss | S11| all is better than-10dB, the isolation of 1 port and 4 ports | and S41| is better than-20dB; The insertion loss of 2 ports and 3 ports | S21|﹠amp; | S31| except 3 ports the high-end place of frequency is bigger than normal, still be better than 4.6dB; Other is all near desirable level 3dB.And in 1.52～2.2GHz frequency range, return loss all is better than-10dB, the isolation of 1 port and 4 ports | be better than-20dB the insertion loss of 2 ports and 3 ports | bigger than normal but still be better than 4.4dB in the frequency lower end except 2 ports, other also all approaches desirable level 3dB.Figure 10 provides the output unbalance response of electric bridge of the present invention 2 ports and 3 ports when 1 port is imported.The result of Figure 10 shows: at first frequency range 0.63～0.87GHz, the output amplitude imbalance is less than 1dB, and phase unbalance degree is less than 10 degree; And second frequency 1.56～2.39GHz output amplitude imbalance less than 1dB phase unbalance degree less than 10 the degree.
Figure 11 has provided signal frequency response curve of the present invention when 4 ports are imported.The result of this figure shows that obviously there are two frequency ranges in newly-designed ring-shape bridge.In 0.64～0.95GHz frequency range, return loss | S44| all is better than-10dB, the isolation of 4 ports and 1 port | and S41| is better than-20dB.The insertion loss of port 2 | S24| is better than 4.8dB, the insertion loss of port 3 | and S34| is better than 3.9dB.And in 1.51～2.2GHz frequency range, return loss all is better than-10dB, the isolation of 4 ports and 1 port | be better than-20dB, the insertion loss of port 2 is better than 3.6dB and port 3 is better than 4.5dB.Figure 12 provides the ring-shape bridge of the present invention output disequilibrium of 2 ports and 3 ports in this case.Can draw from figure, the output amplitude imbalance is less than 1dB, and phase unbalance degree is respectively 0.63～0.87GHz and 1.58～2.27GHz less than the frequency range of 10 degree.
To sum up, by simulation result as can be seen, it is fine that ring-shape bridge characteristic of the present invention and design frequency range are coincide, the small skew of its center frequency point mainly is because the actual SMT component value that adopts not is calculated value but deviation is arranged (the actual lump SMT component specification value that can buy disperses, not continuous, actual processing and fabricating is always selected and the immediate SMT element of calculated ideal value), also have partly cause to come from reactance value that the fractal structure bent angle causes and be not compensated fully and cause phase deviation, but above-mentioned minor shifts is all within the error allowed band.Thereby employing proposed by the invention can be synthesized two diverse ring-shape bridges of operating state based on the ring-shape bridge of the CRLH TL unit 6 of lump SMT element loading, thereby has strengthened the integrated level and the multifunctional usage of ring-shape bridge.And the introducing of the Koch fractal structure of revising makes circuit size reduce greatly especially, and reduction ratio reaches 89.8%, and fractal technology makes the ring-shape bridge superiority reach the leading level in the world with combining of left hand transmission line theory.
The above; it only is preferred embodiment of the present invention; be not that the present invention is imposed any restrictions, everyly any simple modification that above embodiment did, change and equivalent structure changed, all still belong in the protection range of technical solution of the present invention according to the technology of the present invention essence.
Claims (10)
1. one kind based on fractal and compact dual-frequency circuited microstrip loop electric bridge composite right/left-handed transmission line, it is characterized in that: connected successively and worked in low frequency f by head and the tail
LWith high frequency f
HFour CRLH TL branch roads (1) on two frequency bands are connected on adjacent two CRLH TL branch roads (1) tie point respectively with four and the input/output port (2) that is used to be connected sub-miniature A connector is formed; Four described CRLH TL branch roads (1) are formed by a plurality of CRLH TL unit (6) cascade; Described CRLH TL unit (6) comprises the capacitor C that is connected between adjacent two input/output ports (2)
LAnd inductance L
RAnd the capacitor C that is in parallel
RAnd inductance L
L, inductance L
LAn end ground connection and its other end and capacitor C
LJoin wherein said capacitor C
LAnd inductance L
LThe left-hand part circuit of forming described CRLH TL unit (6), and described inductance L
RAnd capacitor C
RThe right hand portion circuit of forming described CRLH TL unit (6);
Form the circuit parameter of a plurality of CRLH TL unit (6) of any the CRLH TL branch road (1) in four described CRLH TL branch roads (1), all meet the following conditions: inductance L
RInductance value
Capacitor C
RCapacitance
Inductance L
LInductance value
Capacitor C
LCapacitance
And
Z in the formula
cBe the characteristic impedance of CRLH TL unit (6), ω
LAnd ω
HBe respectively ring-shape bridge at low frequency f
LWith high frequency f
HAngular frequency and ω on two frequency bands
L=2 π f
L, ω
H=2 π f
H,
With
Being respectively this CRLH TL branch road (1) is low frequency f in operating frequency
LWith high frequency f
HThe time phase-shift phase, N is that this CRLHT is formed in cascade
LThe quantity of the described CRLH TL unit (6) of branch road (1).
2. described based on fractal and compact dual-frequency circuited microstrip loop electric bridge composite right/left-handed transmission line according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: four described CRLH TL branch roads (1) comprise three at low frequency f
LAnd f
HCan realize respectively on the high frequency+branch road one of 90 ° of phase shifts and-90 ° of phase shifts and one is at low frequency f
LAnd f
HCan realize the branch road two of-90 ° of phase shifts and-270 ° of phase shifts on the high frequency respectively.
3. according to claim 1 or 2 described based on fractal and compact dual-frequency circuited microstrip loop electric bridge composite right/left-handed transmission line, it is characterized in that: four described CRLH TL branch roads (1) are formed by two CRLH TL unit (6) cascade; And described CRLH TL branch road (1) comprises that loaded in series is in adjacent input/output port (2) terminal two series arms and two parallel branches that are carried between two described series arms in parallel respectively, and two described series arms are by capacitor C
LAnd inductance L
RCompose in series, two described parallel branches are by inductance L
LAnd capacitor C
RAnd connect composition; Two capacitor C
LWith two inductance L
LThe left-hand part circuit of forming CRLH TL branch road (1), and two inductance L
RWith two capacitor C
RThe right hand portion circuit of forming CRLH TL branch road (1).
4. described based on fractal and compact dual-frequency circuited microstrip loop electric bridge composite right/left-handed transmission line according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: the left-hand part circuit of described CRLH TL branch road (1) is made up of lumped parameter SMT element (3), the right hand portion circuit of described CRLH TL branch road (1) is made up of microstrip line (4), and the left-hand part circuit of described CRLH TL branch road (1) and right hand portion circuit all are laid on little band plate (5).
5. described based on fractal and compact dual-frequency circuited microstrip loop electric bridge composite right/left-handed transmission line according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the right hand portion circuit of described CRLH TL branch road (1) is the fractals structure.
6. described based on fractal and compact dual-frequency circuited microstrip loop electric bridge composite right/left-handed transmission line according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: described fractals structure for iteration factor IF be 1/4 and iterations be 2 Koch fractal curve.
7. described based on fractal and compact dual-frequency circuited microstrip loop electric bridge composite right/left-handed transmission line according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: have the cable-through hole of installing for described lumped parameter SMT element (3) on described little band plate (5), described microstrip line (4) is engraved on little band plate (5) through corrosion.
8. described based on fractal and compact dual-frequency circuited microstrip loop electric bridge composite right/left-handed transmission line according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: the electrical length of described microstrip line (4) is
The characteristic impedance of CRLH TL unit (6)
The actual physics length L of described microstrip line (4) and width W are all according to electrical length
Line characteristic impedance Z
cCalculate with the dielectric constant of little band plate (5) and by Ansoft Serenade software toolkit.
9. described based on fractal and compact dual-frequency circuited microstrip loop electric bridge composite right/left-handed transmission line according to claim 8, it is characterized in that: described low frequency f
L=0.75GHz and high frequency f
H=1.8GHz.
10. described based on fractal and compact dual-frequency circuited microstrip loop electric bridge composite right/left-handed transmission line according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: described little band plate (5) is the polytetrafluoroethylglass glass cloth plate.
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