CN102124890A - Farmland planting method of high-selenium crops - Google Patents

Farmland planting method of high-selenium crops Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102124890A
CN102124890A CN 201010583681 CN201010583681A CN102124890A CN 102124890 A CN102124890 A CN 102124890A CN 201010583681 CN201010583681 CN 201010583681 CN 201010583681 A CN201010583681 A CN 201010583681A CN 102124890 A CN102124890 A CN 102124890A
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crop
selenium
soil
plant nutrient
nutrient agent
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CN102124890B (en
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刘寿峰
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Suzhou Setek Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a farmland planting method of high-selenium crops. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) uniformly mixing a nano selenium plant nutrient with a base fertilizer, applying the mixture to the surface of farmland soil and plowing so that the nano selenium plant nutrient is uniformly distributed on a plowing layer; (2) uniformly seeding on the farmland soil according to the crop types, and wetting and irrigating the soil surface layer 5-10 days after the crop seedling emerges; and (3) performing conventional field management on the crop according to different crop types until the crops are mature. According to the invention, the high-selenium crops can be cultivated, the selenium content is stable, and the proportion of organic selenium is high.

Description

The farmland kind method for planting of high selenium crop
Technical field
The invention provides the farmland kind method for planting of a kind of high selenium crop, purpose is to cultivate the not only high but also stable crop of Se content, and the ratio of organic selenium can be widely used in feed and food additives greater than 80%.
Background technology
Selenium, the symbol of element are Se, and scientist has carried out big quantity research to selenium and health both at home and abroad, and the result shows that though selenium is few at the tissue intensive amount, it is the same with micro elements such as iron, zinc, iodine, and health is had very important effect.The expert thinks; selenium has the immunity that improves human body, remove free radical, protection optic nerve, protection heart and liver, prevent in the body critical function such as toxigenicity material, and more than 40 kind of disease such as human Keshan disease, hepatopathy, anaemia, coronary heart disease, Kaschin-Beck disease, diabetes, cancer and scarce selenium are closely related.Selenium can't synthesize in human body, satisfy the demand of human body to selenium, just needs Selenium Supplement every day.By World Health Organization's requirement, need contain 200 microgram selenium every day in the human body meals.There are 72% low selenium in county (city) or scarce selenium in China, and Heilungkiang, the Inner Mongol, Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan etc. seriously lack the selenium area has Keshan disease, Kaschin-Beck disease to take place, and certain cancers district occurred frequently (as the Jiangsu Qidong City) also belongs to low selenium district.The data that WHO announces shows that the whole world has more than 40 country to belong to low selenium or scarce selenium area.Rich selenium farming (pair) product is a human body Selenium Supplement element effective way, and therefore, technique of enriched selenium is scientists study hot of research and development field.
Popular in the market Se-enriched feedstuff additive mainly is a yeast selenium, but the inorganic selenium of yeast selenium is residual bigger, in actual applications as using method or usage amount not as the hidden danger that causes selenosis.Patent CN101138295A discloses the stem, leaf, a kind of sedge of a kind of land for growing field crops selenium-rich garlic, the cultivating method of head, and this patent utilization page technology of spraying obtains garlic stem, leaf, a kind of sedge, the head of high Se content.
Existing high selenium crop breeding method, be to utilize the page to spray the technology of sodium selenite mostly, the shortcoming of this technology maximum is the residual big of inorganic selenium, and utilize the technology of spraying of high concentration to cause certain injury to plant, control is as causing the risk of burning seedling, and it is too many to spray number of times, and utilization ratio is poor; Existing on the other hand method is the high selenium crop field management method at some kinds, and only be confined to the water and fertilizer management of established practice, do not appear in the newspapers as yet for the method that how to improve se use efficiency, how to guarantee the homogeneity of the high selenium crop Se content cultivated and develop the rich selenium potentiality of crop to greatest extent.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide the farmland kind method for planting of a kind of high selenium crop, has solved problems such as crop is difficult to improve Se content in the prior art, and se use efficiency is low, crop Se content instability, and standardization level is low.
In order to solve these problems of the prior art, technical scheme provided by the invention is:
The farmland kind method for planting of a kind of high selenium crop is characterized in that said method comprising the steps of:
(1) make the nanometer selenium plant nutrient agent be uniformly distributed in plow layer with applying behind nanometer selenium plant nutrient agent and the base manure mixing to plough behind the agricultural land soil surface;
(2) according to agrotype on agricultural land soil evenly the sowing, carry out moistening irrigation one time after crop emerged 5~10 days, irrigation volume be soil moisture remain on maxmun field capacity 60~80%;
(3) according to the difference of crop species crop is carried out conventional field nursing until the crop maturation, and make soil moisture remain on 60~80% of maxmun field capacity.
Preferably, in the described method consumption of nanometer selenium plant nutrient agent at 5~15kg/ mu.
Preferably, described method step (1) arable land mode adopts rotary tillage, arable land degree of depth 15-20cm; Irrigation ditch is offered, ditch depth 15-20cm every 1.2 meters in the field.
Preferably, described method needs agricultural land soil is carried out biotic factor and physical and chemical condition detects before kind of plant, chooses soil pH value greater than 7 the agricultural land soil agricultural land soil as plantation.
Preferably, when soil pH value was lower than 7, the lime that applies effective dose was regulated soil acidity, makes its pH value greater than 7.
Preferably, when described method step (3) carries out the field nursing, according to monitoring Se content result, the comparison standard value, carry out supplementary fertilizer to crop the booting stage crop, and the supplementary fertilizer amount is 1~5kg/ mu, and the supplementary fertilizer mode is that the nanometer selenium plant nutrient agent is directly spread fertilizer over the fields in crop root 5-10cm place.
The nanometer selenium plant nutrient agent is that Suzhou selenium paddy Science and Technology Ltd. produces in the technical solution of the present invention, and production model XGP001A carries out during the nursing of field, and irrigation frequency is no less than 3 times.Described method needs agricultural land soil is carried out biotic factor and physical and chemical condition detects before kind of plant, choose P in soil H value greater than 7 agricultural land soil as the agricultural land soil of planting.If soil pH is lower than at 7 o'clock, can considers to apply effective dose lime and regulate about soil acidity to 7.
When the present invention carries out concrete operations, carry out according to following steps:
The first step, farmland are selected
Select physical features smooth, open spacious, ventilation, soil layer is deep, illumination is sufficient, fertility is good, the irrigation and drainage facility is convenient to field management as the grown place of high selenium crop in the farmland easily; Soil to the farmland carries out sample analysis, and P in soil H value should be alkalescent greater than 7, because weakly alkaline environment helps the absorption and the conversion of selenium element.If soil pH is lower than at 7 o'clock, can considers to apply effective dose lime and regulate about soil acidity to 7.
Second step, site preparation and fertilization
Need before ploughing the weeds in field are eliminated, evenly spread fertilizer over the fields in the soil layer surface after base manure and nanometer selenium plant nutrient agent are mixed thoroughly, every mu with about 15 kilograms of nanometer selenium plant nutrient agents (different cereal fertilizing amount difference); After the fertilising, plough immediately, preferably adopt the mode of rotary tillage, arable land degree of depth 15-20cm, the purpose of the method is to make the nanometer selenium plant nutrient agent be distributed in plow layer, a kind of farm tools soil crushing then uniformly as far as possible, make the soil block particle diameter below 1cm, even thickness and quality are loose; Open Yi Tiaogou every 1.2 meters, ditch depth 15-20cm is convenient to the field liquid manure management in later stage.
The 3rd step, sowing
Adopt machine sowing, accomplish even sowing according to agrotype, the density of sowing is moderate, and is unsuitable excessive or too small; Emerged back about 5-15 days, select a continuous sunny date to do once to irrigate to handle, the height of water level is advisable with soil that can just the wetting the superiors, purpose is to allow base manure and nanometer selenium plant nutrient agent be distributed in the plow layer more uniformly under the immersional wetting of irrigation water, can also allow the nanometer selenium plant nutrient agent more effectively combine with soil, the root system that helps crop absorbs the selenium element in the nanometer selenium plant nutrient agent; The spontaneous evaporate to dryness of wetting relief moisture is forbidden draining.
The 4th step, field management
Difference according to crop species is carried out conventional field management method to crop, as deinsectization, weeding etc.What pay special attention to is, the nanometer selenium plant nutrient agent is a kind of rich selenium fertilizer with slow release effect, and good infiltration condition helps selenium and absorbed by crop, so in the crop developmental process soil moisture to keep 60~80% optimums of maxmun field capacity; Simultaneously excessive rainwater or irrigation water washes away the reduction that loss may cause nanometer selenium plant nutrient agent fertilizer efficiency, therefore guaranteeing to keep field ponding as much as possible under the situation that crop is not coerced by water logging behind man-made irrigation or the natural precipitation, do not allow the field water and soil loss easily, in the time of can not keeping field ponding as serious damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging, should do a supplementary fertilizer measure according to the order of severity of plot.
When field management, need the crop regular sampling analysis, make the detection of dynamic of Se content, to grasp the rich selenium effect of crop, fail to produce a desired effect or meet with big damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging and make under the situation that nanometer selenium plant nutrient agent fertilizer efficiency reduces as the crop Se content in the early stage of plant growth, then should carry out a supplementary fertilizer measure in the booting stage of crop, the concrete benefit amount of executing is determined according to the Se content of crop, general supplementary fertilizer amount is 1~5kg/ mu, during supplementary fertilizer the nanometer selenium plant nutrient agent is directly spread fertilizer over the fields in crop root 5-10cm place to get final product.
High selenium crop is the high crop of a kind of availability, except that fruit can utilize, its stalk also can be used as feed addictive or bacteria additive is used in conduct, therefore the acrial part of crop all should be gathered in the crops during crop harvesting, can't run off, prevent that high selenium crop is in a large number edible and cause selenosis by people and animals, the part that can not gather in the crops such as the root of crop should all be done also the field and handle.
The present invention utilizes the nanometer selenium plant nutrient agent to cultivate high selenium crop, is to have abandoned the technology that traditional page sprays sodium selenite on the one hand, in the process that high selenium crop is cultivated the farmland water system is managed on the other hand, to obtain the high and stable crop of Se content.The method can be cultivated the crop of high Se content, and Se content is stable, organic selenium proportion height.
The nanometer selenium plant nutrient agent that the present invention adopts is that Suzhou selenium paddy Science and Technology Ltd. produces, and model is XGP001A.The present invention adopts nanometer selenium plant nutrient agent and base manure to mix before ploughing to spread fertilizer over the fields fertilising, and utilize the plow layer that irrigation water soaks into after applying fertilizer to make the fertilizer efficiency of nanometer selenium plant nutrient agent more even, the nanometer selenium plant nutrient agent more effectively combines with soil like this, and the root system that helps crop absorbs the selenium element in the nanometer selenium plant nutrient agent; In optimized technical scheme,, mend in the booting stage of crop and to execute the nanometer selenium plant nutrient agent once, make the rich selenium effect of crop more remarkable according to the rich selenium effect of crop.
Different according to first fertilizing amount and supplementary fertilizer amount are carried out some adjustment according to actual conditions, and first fertilizing amount is few, and the supplementary fertilizer amount just can increase accordingly, and perhaps fertilizing amount is many for the first time, the corresponding minimizing of supplementary fertilizer amount, all rich selenium effect that can the appreciable impact crop; The supplementary fertilizer number of times is set according to the rich selenium effect of actual crop, can increase the number of times of supplementary fertilizer when rich selenium effect is undesirable accordingly, does not even need supplementary fertilizer when rich selenium is satisfactory for result; The technology of soaking into plow layer after the fertilising with irrigation water is 5~10 days after crop emerges best service time, can suitably adjust the time and the number of times of infiltration according to actual production and weather condition.
With respect to scheme of the prior art, advantage of the present invention is:
Technical solution of the present invention has not only been done bigger improvement on planting technology, abandoned the existing technology that sprays, and the method that adopts nanometer technology to cultivate high selenium crop, be aided with necessary water and fertilizer management, improved the characteristic of nanometer selenium plant nutrient agent, improve the rich selenium effect of nanometer selenium plant nutrient agent, be chosen in the supplementary fertilizer in booting stage in addition, effectively increased the Se content of crop.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment such scheme is described further.Should be understood that these embodiment are used to the present invention is described and are not limited to limit the scope of the invention.The implementation condition that adopts among the embodiment can be done further adjustment according to the condition of concrete producer, and not marked implementation condition is generally the condition in the normal experiment.
Embodiment 1: make high selenium Maize Production ground after selecting a suitable plot to remove weeds, the nanometer selenium plant nutrient agent is mixed thoroughly with base manure, spread fertilizer over the fields uniformly in the soil layer surface, nanometer selenium plant nutrient agent usage amount is used according to 15kg/ mu, rotary tillage immediately after the fertilising, degree of depth 15-20cm, a kind of farm tools soil crushing, soil particle diameter is remained on below the 1cm, and every 1.2m opens Yi Tiaogou, degree of depth 15-20cm.About sowing depth 5cm, mu is broadcast about corn 3500 strains.Emerge and once irrigated processing in back 5 days, irrigation volume remains on 60~80% of maxmun field capacity with soil moisture and is advisable.Once irrigate processing the booting stage at corn again, and irrigation volume is the same.Amount benefit according to 5kg/ mu during the pustulation period is executed the nanometer selenium plant nutrient agent once, and once irrigates processing, and irrigation volume is the same.Treat after the corn maturation, get 10 corn samples and do the Se content detection, average Se content 21.2ppm, standard deviation 3.8ppm.
Embodiment 2: make high selenium Wheat Production ground after selecting a suitable plot to remove weeds, the nanometer selenium plant nutrient agent is mixed thoroughly with base manure, spread fertilizer over the fields uniformly in the soil layer surface, nanometer selenium plant nutrient agent usage amount is used according to 15kg/ mu, rotary tillage immediately after the fertilising, degree of depth 15-20cm, a kind of farm tools soil crushing, soil particle diameter is remained on below the 1cm, and every 1.2m opens Yi Tiaogou, degree of depth 15-20cm.About sowing depth 5cm, mu is broadcast 10 kilograms of wheat seeds.Emerge and once irrigated processing in back 5 days, irrigation volume remains on 60~80% of maxmun field capacity with soil moisture and is advisable.Once irrigate processing the booting stage at wheat again, and irrigation method is the same.Amount benefit according to 5kg/ mu during the pustulation period is executed the nanometer selenium plant nutrient agent once, and once irrigates processing, and irrigation method is the same.Treat after the wheat maturation, get 10 corn samples and do the Se content detection, average Se content 23.1ppm, standard deviation 4.2ppm.
Above-mentioned example only is explanation technical conceive of the present invention and characteristics, and its purpose is to allow the people who is familiar with this technology can understand content of the present invention and enforcement according to this, can not limit protection scope of the present invention with this.All spirit essence is done according to the present invention equivalent transformation or modification all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. the farmland kind method for planting of a high selenium crop is characterized in that said method comprising the steps of:
(1) make the nanometer selenium plant nutrient agent be uniformly distributed in plow layer with applying behind nanometer selenium plant nutrient agent and the base manure mixing to plough behind the agricultural land soil surface;
(2) according to agrotype on agricultural land soil evenly the sowing, carry out moistening irrigation one time after crop emerged 5~10 days, irrigation volume be soil moisture remain on maxmun field capacity 60~80%;
(3) according to the difference of crop species crop is carried out conventional field nursing until the crop maturation, and make soil moisture remain on 60~80% of maxmun field capacity.
2. method according to claim 1, the consumption that it is characterized in that nanometer selenium plant nutrient agent in the described method is at 5~15kg/ mu.
3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described method step (1) arable land mode adopts rotary tillage, arable land degree of depth 15-20cm; Irrigation ditch is offered, ditch depth 15-20cm every 1.2 meters in the field.
4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described method needs agricultural land soil is carried out biotic factor and physical and chemical condition detects before kind of plant, choose soil pH value greater than 7 the agricultural land soil agricultural land soil as plantation.
5. method according to claim 4 is characterized in that when soil pH value is lower than 7, and the lime that applies effective dose is regulated soil acidity, makes its pH value greater than 7.
6. method according to claim 1, when it is characterized in that described method step (3) carries out the field nursing, according to monitoring Se content result, the comparison standard value, carry out supplementary fertilizer to crop the booting stage crop, the supplementary fertilizer amount is 1~5kg/ mu, and the supplementary fertilizer mode is that the nanometer selenium plant nutrient agent is directly spread fertilizer over the fields in crop root 5-10cm place.
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Cited By (17)

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CN102488109A (en) * 2011-12-01 2012-06-13 苏州硒谷科技有限公司 Granular selenium-rich river crab feed and production method thereof
CN102498914A (en) * 2011-11-23 2012-06-20 安徽硒谷生物科技有限公司 Method for root application of nano selenium fertilizer utilizing seed and fertilizer simultaneous applying technology
CN102511281A (en) * 2011-12-19 2012-06-27 苏州硒谷科技有限公司 Selenium-enriched broccoli plant material and preparation method and application thereof
CN102511273A (en) * 2011-12-12 2012-06-27 苏州硒谷科技有限公司 Wheat rich in organic selenium and production method thereof
CN102771295A (en) * 2012-08-15 2012-11-14 苏州硒谷科技有限公司 Method for improving selenium fertilizer absorption efficiency of tea trees
CN102771298A (en) * 2012-08-15 2012-11-14 苏州硒谷科技有限公司 High-selenium wheat and production method thereof
CN102804962A (en) * 2012-08-15 2012-12-05 苏州硒谷科技有限公司 Method for improving selenium fertilizer absorption efficiency for woody fruit plants
CN102804963A (en) * 2012-08-15 2012-12-05 苏州硒谷科技有限公司 Method for increasing absorption and utilization ratio of selenium-containing fertilizer under dry farming condition
CN103650853A (en) * 2013-11-30 2014-03-26 广西桂林天然食品有限公司 Selenium, zinc and calcium rich corn cultivation method
CN105210602A (en) * 2015-08-19 2016-01-06 颍上县小张庄农业科技有限公司 The method of a kind of Formations In Fuyang Area gumbo plantation
CN105248112A (en) * 2015-11-06 2016-01-20 安徽新源农业科技有限公司 Planting method of selenium-enriched coffee peppers
CN106386328A (en) * 2016-08-29 2017-02-15 杨胜 Planting method for selenium-enriched litchi
CN108551796A (en) * 2018-05-28 2018-09-21 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 A method of promoting agricultural land soil soil fertility using inorganic mineral excitation material
CN108781973A (en) * 2018-06-23 2018-11-13 吴振 A kind of implantation methods of selenium-enriched tea leaf
CN110012807A (en) * 2019-04-17 2019-07-16 广西壮族自治区农业科学院花卉研究所 Organic Se-rich is eaten or tea water lily cultural method
CN110651675A (en) * 2019-08-14 2020-01-07 朱小其 Planting method of agricultural green ecological selenium-rich rice
CN112655497A (en) * 2020-12-21 2021-04-16 王凤敏 Selenium-rich ginseng and cultivation method thereof

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Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102498914A (en) * 2011-11-23 2012-06-20 安徽硒谷生物科技有限公司 Method for root application of nano selenium fertilizer utilizing seed and fertilizer simultaneous applying technology
CN102488109A (en) * 2011-12-01 2012-06-13 苏州硒谷科技有限公司 Granular selenium-rich river crab feed and production method thereof
CN102511273A (en) * 2011-12-12 2012-06-27 苏州硒谷科技有限公司 Wheat rich in organic selenium and production method thereof
CN102511281A (en) * 2011-12-19 2012-06-27 苏州硒谷科技有限公司 Selenium-enriched broccoli plant material and preparation method and application thereof
CN102771295A (en) * 2012-08-15 2012-11-14 苏州硒谷科技有限公司 Method for improving selenium fertilizer absorption efficiency of tea trees
CN102771298A (en) * 2012-08-15 2012-11-14 苏州硒谷科技有限公司 High-selenium wheat and production method thereof
CN102804962A (en) * 2012-08-15 2012-12-05 苏州硒谷科技有限公司 Method for improving selenium fertilizer absorption efficiency for woody fruit plants
CN102804963A (en) * 2012-08-15 2012-12-05 苏州硒谷科技有限公司 Method for increasing absorption and utilization ratio of selenium-containing fertilizer under dry farming condition
CN103650853A (en) * 2013-11-30 2014-03-26 广西桂林天然食品有限公司 Selenium, zinc and calcium rich corn cultivation method
CN105210602A (en) * 2015-08-19 2016-01-06 颍上县小张庄农业科技有限公司 The method of a kind of Formations In Fuyang Area gumbo plantation
CN105248112A (en) * 2015-11-06 2016-01-20 安徽新源农业科技有限公司 Planting method of selenium-enriched coffee peppers
CN106386328A (en) * 2016-08-29 2017-02-15 杨胜 Planting method for selenium-enriched litchi
CN108551796A (en) * 2018-05-28 2018-09-21 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 A method of promoting agricultural land soil soil fertility using inorganic mineral excitation material
CN108551796B (en) * 2018-05-28 2020-06-16 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 Method for improving farmland soil fertility by using inorganic mineral excitation material
CN108781973A (en) * 2018-06-23 2018-11-13 吴振 A kind of implantation methods of selenium-enriched tea leaf
CN110012807A (en) * 2019-04-17 2019-07-16 广西壮族自治区农业科学院花卉研究所 Organic Se-rich is eaten or tea water lily cultural method
CN110012807B (en) * 2019-04-17 2021-04-23 广西壮族自治区农业科学院花卉研究所 Method for cultivating organic selenium-rich edible or tea water lily
CN110651675A (en) * 2019-08-14 2020-01-07 朱小其 Planting method of agricultural green ecological selenium-rich rice
CN112655497A (en) * 2020-12-21 2021-04-16 王凤敏 Selenium-rich ginseng and cultivation method thereof

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