CN102117945A - Heat dissipation and thermal runway dispersion protection structure in cell system - Google Patents
Heat dissipation and thermal runway dispersion protection structure in cell system Download PDFInfo
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- CN102117945A CN102117945A CN2009102660950A CN200910266095A CN102117945A CN 102117945 A CN102117945 A CN 102117945A CN 2009102660950 A CN2009102660950 A CN 2009102660950A CN 200910266095 A CN200910266095 A CN 200910266095A CN 102117945 A CN102117945 A CN 102117945A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a heat dissipation and thermal runway dispersion protection structure in a cell system. The structure comprises a module shell and at least one composite heat-conducting plate, wherein a plurality of unit cells are arranged in the module shell; and the composite heat-conducting plate is positioned in the module shell, is contacted with the module shell, is arranged between at least two unit cells to serve as a transfer medium of heat between a cell and the shell and control the heat transfer between the cells, and has a multilayer anisotropic heat-conducting structure which consists of at least one heat-conducting layer and at least one heat-insulating layer.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of battery system (battery system), and particularly relate to heat radiation and thermal runaway (thermal runaway) diffusion safeguard structure in a kind of battery system.
Background technology
Day by day deficient and oil price raises and is the required problem of facing in the whole world in the petroleum storage amount, and motor vehicle is present best solution.Having made laws at California, USA and to have forced the car trader must sell the electric automobile of specific ratios, also will follow up in other each states; All there are the policy of rewarding use of subsidy motor vehicle or technical research in France, Germany, Switzerland, Japan etc., and the motor vehicle of tool Practical Performance is also developed successively and finished, and just promotes with experimental trying out progressively.
Europe, the United States, day etc., advanced country was short of quite attention day by day to the air pollution and the petroleum storage amount of the metropolitan area vehicles, all think it is the opportunity that motor vehicle is used in development at present, and drop into the research and development and the popularization of motor vehicle energetically, California, USA has been made laws and has been forced the car trader must sell the electric automobile of specific ratios, also will follow up in other each states; All there are the policy of rewarding use of subsidy motor vehicle or technical research in France, Germany, Switzerland, Japan etc., and the motor vehicle of tool Practical Performance is also developed successively and finished, and just promotes with experimental trying out progressively.Wherein the lithium battery importing is that electric motor car develops successfully key, only half of Ni-MH battery because of lithium battery weight, endurance but is the twice of Ni-MH battery, add lithium battery operating voltage height, energy density is big, the life-span is long and advantage such as environmental protection, can discharging waste gas in the driving process, not only carbon reduction more reduces the use amount of gasoline, and it will be irresistible trend that the big factory of following automobile uses rechargeable lithium batteries instead comprehensively.
Incident is reclaimed in the whole world of SONY notebook computer lithium battery in 2006, allow the thermal runaway safety problem of lithium battery be highlighted, and the employed battery pack of notebook computer only is made up of 3～8 18650 element cells that do not wait, on the motor vehicle if carry 18650 element cells, cell number then will reach 4000～6000 and not wait, enough power of vehicle (power) and capacitance (endurance) just can be provided, number of battery cells increases meaning person's thermal runaway chance and increases, and the thermal runaway of single battery just might spread and cause whole battery group in the battery pack.In case the thermal runaway of a certain battery can't be fallen effective control in the battery pack, thermal runaway is spread by the most contiguous battery gradually and comes, and will cause whole battery group generation thermal runaway, and it is dangerous with similar bomblet blast.
Therefore, American National renewable energy resources laboratory (NREL) done a series of research for the thermal runaway diffusion of lithium battery group in recent years.The thermal runaway diffusion process be when a certain battery in the battery pack because disconnected short circuit or electrically unbalanced (refer to capacity cross low or internal resistance too high) time can cause battery abnormal heating in charge and discharge process, in case this battery surpasses thermal runaway reaction critical temperature (general about about 150 ℃), the thermal decomposition exothermic reaction will take place in the material of inside battery successively, so-called thermal decomposition heat release is a kind of self-catalyzed reaction process from heating, the rapid temperature that raises this battery of meeting, battery temperature can surpass more than 500 ℃ when thermal runaway, and the temperature rise of heating certainly of per minute can surpass more than 20 ℃.So this battery after surpassing the critical heat runaway temperature, can heat up and produce so-called thermal runaway moment.If the heat that this battery thermal runaway is discharged is not made good obstruct and heat dissipation design, will continue and add the battery of thermal proximity, as American National renewable energy resources laboratory in May, 2008 in large-scale lithium-ion electric pool technology and application (Large Lithium IonBattery Technology and Applications, the 4th international symposium (4 LLIBTA)
ThInternational Symposium) shown in the 30th page of left figure, shows that wherein the battery of thermal runaway causes several contiguous batteries that the thermal runaway reaction also takes place in succession among " the Thermal Abuse Modeling of Li-ion Cells andpropagation in Modules " that delivers; In a single day the thermal runaway of battery pack inside enters this stage; expection can't be effectively controlled; cause interior other all batteries of whole battery group that comprehensive thermal runaway takes place the most at last; produce violent burning exothermic reaction; this process can be followed the release of great number of flammable electrolyte gas and battery material decomposition gas usually, and is serious even can produce blast.
The thermal runaway safety problem of lithium battery mainly be by overcharge, short-circuit conditions is caused, but battery produces battery being subjected to external impact when being subjected to puncturing situation, and the thermal runaway of battery also can take place.The battery thermal runaway is exactly the course of reaction performance of the hot inferior solution heat release of inside battery material in fact.
Present known management and control thermal runaway diffusion as U.S. Pat 6942944, U.S. publication US20060073377 and US20090004556, the invention team of above patent promptly is the research member who participates in the research of NREL battery thermal runaway, it utilizes phase-change material is filled into gap between battery, utilize the phase-change material phase transition process to have the characteristic of heat absorption, the heat that is generated when absorbing the battery thermal runaway.
But, above-mentioned patent has the shortcoming of a maximum, the thermal conduction characteristic that is exactly phase-transition material is not good, the transmission of heat between battery when its characteristic can be used for intercepting thermal runaway, but because its poor thermal conductivity, though battery pack temperature rise during normal use can be controlled, its follow-up rate of temperature fall needs long time.For instance, Fig. 9 in U.S. Pat 6942944 shows that battery pack is after discharge, under Natural Heat Convection (nothing adds the fan heat radiation) situation, battery pack need leave standstill the temperature that just can be returned in 24 hours near before the discharge nearly, though the low heat conduction of phase-transition material and endothermic character can be used for intercepting the thermal runaway diffusion in the battery pack and reduce the temperature rise in battery charging and discharging pond, but replying temperature fall time long is its maximum shortcoming, and what be unfavorable for battery pack discharges and recharges operation continuously.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide heat radiation and thermal runaway (thermalrunaway) diffusion safeguard structure in a kind of battery system, the wherein security protection of element cell thermal runaway expansion initiation whole battery group thermal runaway in the battery system is provided.The present invention has the heat conduction and heat radiation function simultaneously, solves battery temperature inequality and problems of excessive heat in the module, improves lithium battery group cycle life.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, the invention provides heat radiation and thermal runaway diffusion safeguard structure in a kind of battery system, comprise a battery pack (module) housing and at least one combined type heat-conducting plate.A plurality of element cells (unit cell) are arranged in battery housing.Described combined type heat-conducting plate is to contact and insert with battery housing in battery housing between at least two the element cell, as the transmission media of heat between battery and housing, and the transmission of control heat between battery; The multilayer anisotropy conductive structure formed by at least one heat-conducting layer and at least one thermal insulation layer of combined type heat-conducting plate wherein.
The invention provides heat radiation and thermal runaway diffusion safeguard structure in the another kind of battery system, comprise a battery module (pack) housing and at least one combined type heat-conducting plate.A plurality of battery pack are arranged in the battery module housing, and described combined type heat-conducting plate is to contact and insert between at least two the battery pack with the battery module housing in the battery module housing, wherein the multilayer anisotropy conductive structure be made up of at least one heat-conducting layer and at least one thermal insulation layer of combined type heat-conducting plate.
In the first embodiment of the present invention, above-mentioned combined type heat-conducting plate is by thermal insulation layer of one deck and the double-decker that heat-conducting layer constituted of one deck.
In the second embodiment of the present invention, above-mentioned combined type heat-conducting plate is the three-decker that thermal insulation layer constituted by two-layer heat-conducting layer folder one deck.
In the third embodiment of the present invention, above-mentioned combined type heat-conducting plate comprises the structure of the thermal insulation layer alternate configurations of the heat-conducting layer of multilayer and multilayer.
In the fourth embodiment of the present invention, above-mentioned combined type heat-conducting plate comprises two-layer heat-conducting layer, a plurality of structure stand and as the heat-barrier material of thermal insulation layer.Described structure stand is arranged between the heat-conducting layer, to support and control heat-conducting layer spacing, to be convenient to fill between heat-conducting layer or settle thermal insulation layer.And heat-barrier material promptly is filled in the inner space.Wherein, the said structure support comprises that line style is reined in bar, trellis is reined in bar, square some type structure, water chestnut lattice type dots structure or round dot type structure.In addition, the heat-conducting layer of above-mentioned combined type heat-conducting plate can be the shell of element cell or the housing of battery pack.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the coefficient of heat conduction k of above-mentioned heat-conducting layer is greater than 50W/mK.When coefficient of heat conduction k was between 50W/mK～100W/mK, the material of heat-conducting layer comprised the composite material that nickel, nickel alloy, iron, steel, carbon material or an above wherein material and plastics blend together.When coefficient of heat conduction k was between 100W/mK～450W/mK, the material of heat-conducting layer comprised the composite material that gold, silver, aluminium, aluminium alloy, copper, copper alloy, magnesium, magnesium alloy, metal oxide or an above wherein material and plastics blend together; The perhaps composite material that blendes together of high heat-conducting ceramic powder and plastics.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the coefficient of heat conduction k of above-mentioned thermal insulation layer is less than 2W/mK.When coefficient of heat conduction k is between 0.05W/mK～2W/mK, thermal insulation layer comprises asbestos, resinoid bond glass plate or plastic plate, wherein the material of plastic plate such as polyethylene (PE), vinylacetate (EVA), polypropylene (PP), epoxy resin (Epoxy) or polyvinyl chloride (PVC).When coefficient of heat conduction k was between 0.001W/mK～0.5W/mK, thermal insulation layer comprised macromolecular material, low melting point macromolecular material, liquid or the air of foaming.The macromolecular material of above-mentioned foaming comprises PE, PP, Epoxy or PVC, and this low melting point macromolecular material is meant the macromolecular material of fusing point between 40 ℃～80 ℃; Above-mentioned low melting point macromolecular material can be natural or artificial synthetic paraffin oil or aliphatic acid; Aforesaid liquid comprises water or silicone oil.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the gross thickness of above-mentioned combined type heat-conducting plate is between 2.0cm～0.05cm the time, and the thickness that the thickness of heat-conducting layer accounts for 3%～70% and thermal insulation layer of gross thickness accounts for 30%～97% of gross thickness.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the gross thickness of above-mentioned combined type heat-conducting plate is between 1.0cm～0.05cm the time, and the thickness that the thickness of heat-conducting layer accounts for 5%～70% and thermal insulation layer of gross thickness accounts for 30%～95% of gross thickness.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the gross thickness of above-mentioned combined type heat-conducting plate is between 0.5cm～0.05cm the time, and the thickness that the thickness of heat-conducting layer accounts for 10%～70% and thermal insulation layer of gross thickness accounts for 30%～90% of gross thickness.
In an embodiment of the present invention, above-mentioned battery housing or battery module housing also comprise radiating fin.Above-mentioned combined type heat-conducting plate and radiating fin can interconnect via physics or solder bond mode.
In an embodiment of the present invention, heat radiation in the above-mentioned battery system and thermal runaway diffusion safeguard structure also comprise a control circuit board that is arranged in battery housing or the battery module housing, therefore can establish above-mentioned combined type heat-conducting plate between control circuit board and element cell or battery pack.
In an embodiment of the present invention, heat radiation in the above-mentioned battery system and thermal runaway diffusion safeguard structure also comprise the circuit that is arranged in battery housing or the battery module housing, therefore can establish above-mentioned combined type heat-conducting plate between circuit and element cell or battery pack.
Based on above-mentioned, the present invention is because be provided with the combined type heat-conducting plate of alternately being made up of heat-conducting layer and thermal insulation layer between element cell and/or battery pack, so in the battery pack wherein arbitrary element cell because of short circuit, overcharge or during other former thereby abnormal heating, thermal runaway just may take place in this element cell, intercept thermal diffusion effectively to adjacent cells by the thermal insulation layer in the combined type heat-conducting plate, heat-conducting layer in the above-mentioned combined type heat-conducting plate can conduct heat to the housing heat radiation simultaneously, the thermal runaway of battery is confined between single battery or limited battery, avoids whole battery group or battery system that comprehensive thermal runaway takes place and endanger user's life security.In addition, be placed in battery pack in the battery housing for the part control circuit board, combined type heat-conducting plate of the present invention can be arranged between battery and circuit board and battery and connection line, reduces the heating battery problem of circuit board and circuit precocity.
For above-mentioned feature and advantage of the present invention can be become apparent, embodiment cited below particularly, and cooperate appended accompanying drawing to be described in detail below.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the battery capacity of element cell under different temperatures and the curve chart of cycle life;
Fig. 2 is the cutaway view according to heat radiation in a kind of battery system of the first embodiment of the present invention and thermal runaway (thermal runaway) diffusion safeguard structure;
Fig. 3 A and Fig. 3 B are respectively the heat radiation in according to a second embodiment of the present invention the battery system and the stereogram of thermal runaway diffusion safeguard structure;
Fig. 4 is the heat radiation in a kind of battery system of a third embodiment in accordance with the invention and the stereogram of thermal runaway diffusion safeguard structure;
Fig. 5 is the heat radiation in a kind of battery system of a fourth embodiment in accordance with the invention and the stereogram of thermal runaway diffusion safeguard structure;
Fig. 6 is the stereogram of the combined type heat-conducting plate of Fig. 5;
Fig. 7 A and Fig. 7 B are respectively the heat radiation in according to a fifth embodiment of the invention the battery system and the stereogram of thermal runaway diffusion safeguard structure;
Fig. 8 is the battery pack structure of simulated experiment example one;
Fig. 9 is the temperature of the element cell of simulated experiment example one curve chart to the time;
Figure 10 is the battery pack structure of simulated experiment example two;
Figure 11 is the temperature of the element cell of simulated experiment example two curve chart to the time;
Figure 12 is the battery pack structure of reference examples;
Figure 13 is that the temperature of element cell of reference examples is to the curve chart of time;
Figure 14 is a stereogram of settling the battery pack of control circuit board in battery housing;
Figure 15 is the curve chart of the element cell of Figure 14 to temperature;
Figure 16 and Figure 17 are respectively the heat radiation in according to a sixth embodiment of the invention the battery system and the stereogram of thermal runaway diffusion safeguard structure;
Figure 18 is the heat radiation in according to a seventh embodiment of the invention a kind of battery system and the top view of thermal runaway diffusion safeguard structure.
The main element symbol description
200,300,400,500,700,808,1008,1202,1400: battery housing
202,302,402,502,702,1401～1416,1604: element cell
204: contact-making surface
210,310,320,410,510,710,720,802,1002,1602a, 1602b, 1702a, 1702b, 1702c, 1810: combined type heat-conducting plate
212,412,600,712,722,804,1004,1812: heat-conducting layer
214,414,714,726,806,1006,1814: thermal insulation layer
304: dividing plate
306: radiating fin
404: heat-conducting plate
602,724: structure stand
604: heat-barrier material
606: the inner space
800a～g, 1000a～g, 1200a～g: lithium battery
1418,1606,1704: control circuit board
1706: circuit
1800: the battery module housing
1802: battery pack
Embodiment
In battery system (battery system), for example automobile-used lithium battery is generally a plurality of element cells (unit cells) connection in series-parallel and forms, so that enough voltage and capacitances to be provided.While considers based on the space of using, can be closely arranged between element cell in battery pack (module) housing, and form battery module (pack) by a plurality of battery modules.Discharge and recharge for a long time in the use in battery pack, the short circuit of battery pack internal cell, internal resistance increase, the aging difference of capacity will make these unusual batteries the excess temperature phenomenon occur.Arround battery also continue under the environment of heat release, the temperature of unusual battery will surpass its thermal runaway critical temperature easilier, thermal runaway will take place in this battery; This element cell can discharge more heat because of the thermal decomposition of internal material in the thermal runaway process, and these heats can be delivered on the adjacent cells of adopting stack design, cause adjacent cells that thermal runaway takes place successively.
The present invention designs by anisotropic heat conduction, and with heat conduction and heat radiation that the hotwork of battery has directivity, the heat that intercepts thermal runaway can prevent effectively that to the adjacent cells transmission battery pack from comprehensive thermal runaway taking place, and improves the fail safe of battery pack.
Simultaneously, structure of the present invention also can be used as the radiator structure of battery pack, reduce the internal temperature of battery pack, and reduction battery pack internal temperature gradient, prolong the cycle life of battery pack, battery temperature and battery life (capacity attenuation) concern that as shown in Figure 1 the temperature of battery pack has great influence with heat radiation to battery pack cycle life, the present invention also outside the security protection of thermal runaway diffusion, also possesses the function as the battery heat radiation simultaneously.
Following first embodiment that proposes according to the present invention about heat radiation in a kind of battery system and thermal runaway (thermal runaway) diffusion safeguard structure (as shown in Figure 2), blocks the thermal runaway diffusion of battery and the battery pack heat sinking function is provided.
Please refer to Fig. 2, the heat radiation of present embodiment and thermal runaway diffusion safeguard structure comprise a battery pack (module) housing 200 and a plurality of combined type heat-conducting plate 210.In battery housing 200, be provided with a plurality of element cells (unit cell) 202 usually, and in this figure, only show the part of battery housing 200, to simplify accompanying drawing.Be positioned at battery housing 200 as for 210 of combined type heat-conducting plates and contact, and insert between at least two the element cell 202 with battery housing 200.In Fig. 2, combined type heat-conducting plate 210 is between two element cells 202, and the pair of lamina anisotropy conductive structure that combined type heat-conducting plate 210 is made up of a heat-conducting layer 212 and a thermal insulation layer 214.In addition, combined type heat-conducting plate 210 also can be across plural element cell 202 configurations, and perhaps combined type heat-conducting plate 210 can or comprise the multilayered thermally-conductive layer and the sandwich construction of multilayer insulation layer alternate configurations for three layers, and is not limited to first embodiment.
Please continue with reference to Fig. 2, indivedual thickness of the gross thickness of combined type heat-conducting plate 210 and heat-conducting layer 212 and thermal insulation layer 214 can decide according to the application or the coefficient of heat conduction of itself.For instance, when the gross thickness of combined type heat-conducting plate 210 was between 2.0cm～0.05cm, the thickness that the thickness of heat-conducting layer 212 accounts for 3%～70% and the thermal insulation layer 214 of gross thickness accounted for 30%～97% of gross thickness.In another embodiment, the gross thickness of combined type heat-conducting plate 210 is between 1.0cm～0.05cm the time, and the thickness that the thickness of heat-conducting layer 212 accounts for 5%～70% and the thermal insulation layer 214 of gross thickness accounts for 30%～95% of gross thickness.In another embodiment, the gross thickness of above-mentioned combined type heat-conducting plate 210 is between 0.5cm～0.05cm the time, and the thickness that the thickness of heat-conducting layer 212 accounts for 10%～70% and the thermal insulation layer 214 of gross thickness accounts for 30%～90% of gross thickness.
In the present embodiment, the coefficient of heat conduction k of heat-conducting layer 212 is greater than 50W/mK.For instance, when coefficient of heat conduction k was between 50W/mK～100W/mK, the material of heat-conducting layer 212 is the composite material that blendes together of nickel, nickel alloy, iron, steel, carbon material or an above wherein material and plastics for example.When coefficient of heat conduction k was between 100W/mK～450W/mK, the material of heat-conducting layer 212 is the composite material that blendes together of gold, silver, aluminium, aluminium alloy, copper, copper alloy, magnesium, magnesium alloy, metal oxide or an above wherein material and plastics for example; Perhaps the high heat-conducting ceramic powder of carbonitride, silicon nitride etc. and composite material that plastics blend together.Following table one promptly can be used as the material and the coefficient of heat conduction k thereof of heat-conducting layer 212.
Table 1
| Simple metal | k(W/m·K) |
| Silver | 418 |
| Gold | 318 |
| Copper | 386 |
| Nickel | 99 |
| |
220 |
| Iron | 71.8 |
| Magnesium | 171 |
| Zinc | 112.2 |
| Alloy | k(W/m·K) |
| |
100～190 |
| |
50～100 |
| Magnadure | 50～70 |
| |
60～400 |
| Composite material | k(W/m·K) |
| The multiple material of |
100～450 |
| The multiple material of metal-polymers such as aluminium, copper, |
50～150 |
| The multiple material of ceramic macromolecular such as carbonitride, |
50～100 |
In the present embodiment, the coefficient of heat conduction k of thermal insulation layer 214 is less than 2W/mK.For instance, when coefficient of heat conduction k is between 0.05W/mK～2W/mK, thermal insulation layer 214 is asbestos, resinoid bond glass plate or plastic plate for example, wherein the material of plastic plate such as polyethylene (PE), vinylacetate (EVA), polypropylene (PP), epoxy resin (Epoxy) or polyvinyl chloride (PVC).When coefficient of heat conduction k is between 0.001W/mK～0.5W/mK, the macromolecular material that thermal insulation layer 214 for example foams, low melting point macromolecular material, liquid or air, wherein so-called low melting point macromolecular material are meant the macromolecular material of fusing point between 40 ℃～80 ℃; The macromolecular material of above-mentioned foaming such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), epoxy resin (Epoxy) or polyvinyl chloride (PVC); Above-mentioned low melting point macromolecular material can be natural or artificial synthetic paraffin oil or aliphatic acid; And aforesaid liquid such as water or silicone oil (Silicone oil).Second following table is material and the coefficient of heat conduction k thereof that can be used as thermal insulation layer 214.
Table two
| Material | k(W/m·K) |
| PE | 0.42～0.51 |
| Epoxy | ～0.35 |
| ABS | 0.18～0.34 |
| Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) | ～0.25 |
| Vinyl acetate (Vinyl ester) | ～0.25 |
| Phenolic resins (Phenolic Resin) claims bakelite again | ～0.22 |
| Acrylic acid (Acrylic) resin | ～0.2 |
| PVC | ～0.19 |
| PP | 0.1～0.22 |
| Insulation glass plate (Fiber insulating board) | ～0.048 |
| Expanded polystyrene (EPS) (Polystyrene expanded) | ～0.03 |
| Styrofoam TM | ～0.033 |
| Phenol formaldehyde foam (phenolic resin foam) | ～0.022 |
| Silica aerogel (Silica aerogel) | ～0.003 |
| Water | ～0.58 |
| Acetone | ～0.16 |
| Silicone oil | ～0.1 |
| Paraffin oil | 0.1～0.25 |
| Aliphatic acid | 0.1～0.35 |
When an element cell 202 among Fig. 2 because of short circuit or overcharge when thermal runaway taking place making that the internal material thermal decomposition disengages a large amount of heat, can be by the heat-conducting layer 212 in the above-mentioned combined type heat-conducting plate 210 via contact-making surface 204, conduct heat to battery housing 200, effectively thermal isolation is come by thermal insulation layer 214 simultaneously.
Fig. 3 A and Fig. 3 B are respectively the heat radiation in according to a second embodiment of the present invention the battery system and the stereogram of thermal runaway diffusion safeguard structure.
Please earlier with reference to Fig. 3 A, thermal runaway diffusion safeguard structure wherein comprises a battery housing 300 and a plurality of combined type heat-conducting plate 310.Element cell 302 in battery housing 300 is a tabular, and a side of each combined type heat-conducting plate 310 respectively has two element cells 302, and 302 of element cells have dividing plate 304, as Heat Conduction Materials such as metallic aluminium, aluminium alloy, copper, copper alloy or graphite.Except that two element cells 302 of Fig. 3 A, also can change cell number in the cell number between the most contiguous two combined type heat-conducting plates 310, be preferably less than 3 according to the size of element cell 302.In a second embodiment, combined type heat-conducting plate 310 is identical with first embodiment, and the double-deck anisotropy conductive structure of being made up of a heat-conducting layer 212 and a thermal insulation layer 214 is so heat-conducting layer 212 all can be with reference to first embodiment with the material and the thickness of thermal insulation layer 214.In addition, in the present embodiment, battery housing 200 can comprise a radiating fin 306, and can contact (interface coated with thermally conductive cream) or gummed (for example use tin cream or heat-conducting glue) or welding manner and combined type heat-conducting plate 310 via physics and interconnect.
In addition, please refer to Fig. 3 B, if it is combined type heat-conducting plate 320 that the combined type heat-conducting plate 310 among Fig. 3 A is changed to three layers of anisotropy conductive structure that are made of two-layer heat-conducting layer 212 folder one deck thermal insulation layers 214, then because two element cells 302 among Fig. 3 B have a side to touch combined type heat-conducting plate 320, then the dividing plate 304 of midfeather is except that adopting the Heat Conduction Material, more can select as heat-barrier materials such as phenolic resins, ABS, Epoxy or PVC, to reach best blocking-up thermal runaway diffusion effect.The making of this combined type heat-conducting plate 320 can be binded one deck thermal insulation layer 214 by two-layer heat-conducting layer 212; Perhaps, with one deck thermal insulation layer 214 coated on both sides heat-conducting layers 212.
Fig. 4 is the heat radiation in a kind of battery system of a third embodiment in accordance with the invention and the stereogram of thermal runaway diffusion safeguard structure.
Please refer to Fig. 4, a plurality of combined type heat-conducting plates 410 that the thermal runaway diffusion safeguard structure of present embodiment comprises a battery housing 400 and contacts with battery housing 400.402 of element cells in battery housing 400 can be installed heat-conducting plate 404, and a side of each combined type heat-conducting plate 410 respectively has three element cells 402.In the 3rd embodiment, combined type heat-conducting plate 410 is three layers of anisotropy conductive structure that are made of two-layer heat-conducting layer 412 folder one deck thermal insulation layers 414, and heat-conducting layer 412 all can be with reference to first embodiment with the material and the thickness thereof of thermal insulation layer 414.As for the making of combined type heat-conducting plate 410, can bind one deck thermal insulation layer 414 by two-layer heat-conducting layer 412; Perhaps, with one deck thermal insulation layer 414 coated on both sides heat-conducting layers 412.Generally speaking, for the battery of thinner thickness (as 0.5cm), adopt double-deck combined type heat-conducting plate (as Fig. 3 A) to get final product.But the situation for larger-size battery (such as the above battery of thickness＞1cm) or a plurality of element cells 402 of therebetween then can adopt the combined type heat-conducting plate 410 of the three-decker of present embodiment, so that enough heat conduction and heat sinking function are provided.In addition, the battery housing 400 of present embodiment also can be as the radiating fin 306 of Fig. 3 B.
Fig. 5 is the heat radiation in a kind of battery system of a fourth embodiment in accordance with the invention and the stereogram of thermal runaway diffusion safeguard structure.
Please refer to Fig. 5, a plurality of combined type heat-conducting plates 510 that the thermal runaway diffusion safeguard structure of present embodiment comprises a battery housing 500 and contacts with battery housing 500.And combined type heat-conducting plate 510 be the position between two element cells 502, its structure as first embodiment only do not exist together in the detailed structure of combined type heat-conducting plate 510, see Fig. 6 for details.
Fig. 6 is the schematic perspective view of the combined type heat-conducting plate 510 of Fig. 5.In the 4th embodiment, each combined type heat-conducting plate 510 comprises a plurality of structure stands 602 and the thermal insulation layer 604 between two-layer heat-conducting layer 600, the heat-conducting layer 600.Wherein, structure stand 602 is to be used for supporting heat-conducting layer 600 and to form a plurality of inner spaces 606, and thermal insulation layer 604 promptly is filled in the inner space 606.Wherein, structure stand 602 can be reined in bar for line style as Fig. 6, and perhaps the structure of other patterns is reined in bar, square some type structure, water chestnut lattice type dots structure or round dot type structure as trellis, to keep structural strength and to strengthen combined type heat-conducting plate 516 thickness stabilities.Making as for combined type heat-conducting plate 510, can utilize casting for instance, squeeze type, ejaculation or other methods that is fit to make or be combined into a tool structure of two heat-conducting layers 600 and intermediate structure support 602, portion's perfusion within it and moulding thermal insulation layer 604 more up and down.
In addition, if the shell of element cell 502 (indicating) is the metal material (for example: aluminium, aluminium alloy etc.) of the high thermal conduction characteristic of tool, then heat-conducting layer 600 can directly use the shell of element cell 502 to replace.602 of structure stands need the support structure as inner perfusion thermal insulation layer 604 and fixed cell battery 502, do not limit to the material that use table one or table two exemplify.
When the combined type heat-conducting plate 510 among Fig. 5 is that when not having element cell 502 thermal runaways, in the combined type heat-conducting plate 510 is the water of the about 0.58W/mK of coefficient of heat conduction kz when being thermal insulation layer 604 with liquid (as water).But when thermal runaways took place for an element cell 502, along with temperature rises, the water in the combined type heat-conducting plate 510 can be vaporizated into steam, its coefficient of heat conduction of the steam after vaporization k only about water 1/25.So, the combined type heat-conducting plate 510 among Fig. 5 is more effectively come thermal isolation.In addition, also can fill under the room temperature is that solid-state paraffin oil or aliphatic acid is thermal insulation layer 604, so that when single battery generation thermal runaway, Yin Gaowen makes and paraffin oil or aliphatic acid fusing reduces its coefficient of heat conduction k, can improve the heat rejection effect equally.In addition, the battery housing 500 of present embodiment also can be as the radiating fin 306 of Fig. 3 B.
Fig. 7 A and Fig. 7 B are respectively the heat radiation in according to a fifth embodiment of the invention the battery system and the stereogram of thermal runaway diffusion safeguard structure.
Please earlier with reference to Fig. 7 A, the thermal runaway of present embodiment spreads a plurality of combined type heat-conducting plates 710 that safeguard structure comprises a battery housing 700 and contacts with battery housing 700.Element cell 702 in battery housing 700 is cylindric, is that a row is an example with 4 element cells 702 in this illustration, arranges between the element cells 702 two so each combined type heat-conducting plate 710 of Fig. 7 A is positions.But, single row's element cell number in fact still can use and need adjust according to reality, is not limited in diagram.As for similar the 3rd embodiment of combined type heat-conducting plate 710, be the three-decker that is constituted by two-layer heat-conducting layer 712 folder one deck thermal insulation layers 714, and heat-conducting layer 712 all can be with reference to first embodiment with the material and the thickness thereof of thermal insulation layer 714.
Shape for engagement unit battery 702, but heat-conducting layer 712 can be produced the cylindric through hole with accomodating unit battery 702 by modes such as castings, and, also can use the material of thermal grease and so on betwixt for strengthening the heat conduction between element cell 702 and the heat-conducting layer 712.In addition, the battery housing 700 of present embodiment also can be as the radiating fin 306 of Fig. 3 B.
In addition, if the shell of element cell 702 (not indicating) is the metal material (for example: aluminium, aluminium alloy etc.) of the high thermal conduction characteristic of tool, then the shell of element cell 702 can directly be used as the heat-conducting layer of combined type heat-conducting plate 710.The structure of sign 712 then only needs the support structure as fixed cell battery 702 among Fig. 7 A, does not limit to the material that use table one or table two exemplify.
Then, please refer to Fig. 7 B, Ben Tu is in the structure of combined type heat-conducting plate 720 with the different of Fig. 7 A.The heat-conducting layer 722 of the combined type heat-conducting plate 720 among Fig. 7 B is the retes along the shape moulding of element cell 702, and is provided with structure stand 724 therein, and thermal insulation layer 726 then fills up the space between the heat-conducting layer 722.
And as described in Fig. 7 A, if the shell of element cell 702 (not indicating) is the metal material (for example: aluminium, aluminium alloy etc.) of the high thermal conduction characteristic of tool, then the shell of element cell 702 can directly be used as the heat-conducting layer of combined type heat-conducting plate 710.The structure of sign 722 then only needs to pour into as inside the support structure of thermal insulation layer 726 and fixed cell battery 702 among Fig. 7 B, does not limit to the material that use table one or table two exemplify.
Be the effect of checking the foregoing description, enumerate following simulated experiment example and make comparisons with reference examples.
Simulated experiment example one
The structure (as Fig. 8) of similar first embodiment of simulation, it is to be example with the square lithium battery, simulation in the battery pack that lithium battery 800a～g forms, its add combined type heat-conducting plate 802 carry out heat conduction and heat insulation after, battery pack is in the effect of single lithium battery 800a thermal runaway diffusion of protection.With present lithium battery, it is from about 80～90 ℃ of heat hot runaway reaction initial temperature (being SEI) initial cleavage reaction temperature, and the thermal runaway critical temperature of element cell is made an appointment with～150 ℃.
In this experimental example, the thickness of each lithium battery 800a～g is 0.5cm (this is the thickness of normal employing of present square Aluminium Foil Package battery), and the face of the battery 800a～g size of simulation is of a size of 10cm * 13cm, simulates with height 13cm direction.The double-decker of forming by one deck heat-conducting layer 804 and one deck thermal insulation layer 806 as for the combined type heat-conducting plate 802 of simulation.The material of heat-conducting layer 804 is the aluminiums that adopt high heat conduction, and thickness is 0.1cm, and the coefficient of heat conduction is 237W/mK.The material of thermal insulation layer 806 then is a macromolecular material, and thickness is 0.1cm, and the coefficient of heat conduction is 0.2W/mK.
The combined type heat-conducting plate of being formed by heat-conducting layer 804 and thermal insulation layer 806 802, its heat conduction has the anisotropy characteristic, be combined type heat-conducting plate 802 can be higher than thickness direction (being battery heat rejection direction) at the coefficient of heat conduction kxy of in-plane coefficient of heat conduction kz, towards the conduction of xy direction, make heat can not cause contiguous battery with effective restriction heat towards the conduction of z direction.With this experimental example, the equivalent coefficient of heat conduction kxy and the kz of combined type heat-conducting plate 802 can be calculated by following formula:
L in the following formula
1Be thickness, the L of heat-conducting layer 804
2Be thickness, the k of thermal insulation layer 806
1Be the coefficient of heat conduction, the k of heat-conducting layer 804
2Be the coefficient of heat conduction, the A of thermal insulation layer 806
1Be heat conduction direction sectional area, the A of heat-conducting layer 804
2It is the heat conduction direction sectional area of thermal insulation layer 806.
In other words, the equivalent coefficient of heat conduction kxy of combined type heat-conducting plate 802 and kz can adjust by material selection and THICKNESS CONTROL.The heat-conducting layer of above-mentioned combined type heat-conducting plate 802 is 50% with the thickness of thermal insulation layer than respectively, and can calculate the anisotropic coefficient of heat conduction kz=0.4W/mK of this combined type heat-conducting plate by top equation, kxy=118.6W/mK, the kxy of this experimental example～300 times kz.
When thermal runaway takes place lithium battery 800a, lithium battery 800a will discharge a large amount of heats because of the hot inferior solution of inside battery material, ask for an interview Fig. 9.Comprise as can be seen from Figure 9 lithium battery 800a in the temperature of all interior lithium battery 800a～g to time relation, wherein show after adding has the combined type heat-conducting plate 802 of heat conduction/heat insulating function, lithium battery 800a overwhelming majority heat will be passed to battery housing 808 and shed along the direction of arrow among Fig. 8, and the lithium battery 800b that can not extend influence.The thermal runaway of the inner single element cell of battery pack will obtain good heat radiation and obstruct, reach and guarantee the whole battery group purpose of safety.
Simulated experiment example two
The structure (as Figure 10) of similar the 3rd embodiment of simulation, lithium battery 1000a～g size wherein is identical with simulated experiment example one.And the three-decker that the combined type heat-conducting plate 1002 of simulation is made up of two-layer heat-conducting layer 1004 folder one deck thermal insulation layers 1006.Every layer of heat-conducting layer 804 is all the same with simulated experiment example one with material, thickness and the coefficient of heat conduction of thermal insulation layer 806, and promptly the gross thickness of heat-conducting layer is 0.2cm, and the thickness of thermal insulation layer is 0.1cm.The heat-conducting layer of above-mentioned combined type heat-conducting plate 1002 accounts for 2/3 of overall composite heat-conducting plate thickness, thermal insulation layer accounts for 1/3 of overall composite heat-conducting plate thickness, can get according to the equation in the simulated experiment example one, the anisotropic coefficient of heat conduction kz=0.6W/mK of this combined type heat-conducting plate, kxy=158.1W/mK, the kxy of this experimental example～260 times kz.
When thermal runaway takes place in lithium battery 1000a, will discharge a large amount of heats because of the hot inferior solution of its internal material, analog result is asked for an interview Figure 11.Combined type heat-conducting plate 1002 can effectively intercept the heat that lithium battery 1000a is produced and be passed to lithium battery 1000b～g as can be seen from Figure 11, and can know heat that heat-conducting layer 1004 can be produced lithium battery 1000a such as the arrow among Figure 10 by inference and be passed to battery housing 1008 and shed; 1006 of thermal insulation layers can intercept the heat that lithium battery 1000a produced and be passed to lithium battery 1000b.
Reference examples
Simulate a structure (as Figure 12) that does not have the combined type heat-conducting plate, the size of lithium battery 1200a～g wherein is identical with simulated experiment example one.No any heat conduction or heat-barrier material between lithium battery 1200a～g, lithium battery 1200a～g piles up the formation battery pack in next-door neighbour's mode, and this also is the stack manner of normal employing of existing battery module.
When thermal runaway takes place in lithium battery 1200a, analog result such as Figure 13.As can be seen from Figure 13, the initial thermal runaway temperature of lithium battery 1200a is about 180 ℃, promptly because of the inferior solution heat release of internal material, makes temperature be climbed near 350 ℃ in the temperature of very short time (about 2 minutes) lithium battery 1200a.And the heat of lithium battery 1200a will be delivered to contiguous lithium battery 1200b gradually, cause lithium battery 1200b that and then thermal runaway takes place.The heat that produced of lithium battery 1200a and 1200b thermal runaway afterwards, inner other lithium batteries of heating battery group make whole battery group that comprehensive thermal runaway take place one by one.
In reference examples, lithium battery 1200a and 1200b must heat other lithium battery 1200c～g through after a while.Once comprehensive thermal runaway takes place whole battery group, battery pack temperature causes battery pack burning and decomposition comprehensively with rapid rising, and its danger is far above the thermal runaway of single element cell.When especially the element cell size is big more (size is greater than above simulated conditions), it is poor more that the heat of battery pack inside is passed to the thermal diffusivity of battery housing 1202, and it is serious that the spread condition of element cell generation thermal runaway will more become.
Therefore, by simulation as can be known in battery system of the present invention in heat radiation and the thermal runaway diffusion safeguard structure, when times kz of kxy＞30, can obtain heat radiation and thermal runaway diffusion barriering effect, can be dispelled the heat significantly during times kz of kxy＞100 again with the thermal runaway diffusion barrier every effect.
In addition, in the part battery pack, can in battery housing 1400, settle control circuit board 1418 as shown in figure 14 with element cell 1401～1416, and the resistance on the control circuit board 1418, electric crystal and conducting wire (not illustrating) can produce heat in charge and discharge process, and the heat meeting heating unit battery 1401～1416 of control circuit board 1418 causes being close near control circuit board 1418 element cell 1403～1406 temperature and is higher than the element cell mean temperature.
In actual measurement, can find that the temperature of element cell 1403～1406 can exceed 5～10 ℃ nearly than the element cell 1401,1402,1409,1410 away from control circuit board 1418, as shown in figure 15.In Figure 15, the contrast of temperature line and element cell number such as following table three, wherein temperature line 4 and 5 is respectively the top (near control circuit board 1418) and below measurement temperature to element cell 1404.
Table three
| Temperature line | The element cell number | Temperature line | The |
| 1 | 1401 | 10 | 1409 |
| 2 | 1402 | 11 | 1410 |
| 3 | 1403 | 12 | 1411 |
| 4 | 1404 tops | 13 | 1412 |
| 5 | 1404 |
14 | 1413 |
| 6 | 1405 | 15 | 1414 |
| 7 | 1406 | 16 | 1415 |
| 8 | 1407 | 17 | 1416 |
| 9 | 1408 |
As can be seen from Figure 15, the temperature that is positioned at the element cell 1403～1406 under the control circuit board 1418 exceeds more than 5 ℃ than element cell 1401～1402, and the temperature of element cell 1411～1413 that is positioned at the control circuit board 1418 below second layers is also a little more than other element cells.In addition, also can be observed a little higher than other element cells of temperature of element cell 1407 and 1408 from Figure 15, this is because the foreign current connection line is positioned near it, causes the heat of circuit to pass to element cell 1407 and 1408.
Therefore, the combined type heat-conducting plate among the present invention also can be arranged between control circuit board and circuit and the element cell, and as Figure 16 and shown in Figure 17, it is the heat radiation in according to a sixth embodiment of the invention the battery system and the stereogram of thermal runaway diffusion safeguard structure.
Please earlier with reference to Figure 16, the thermal runaway of present embodiment diffusion safeguard structure comprises a battery housing 1600 of being made up of radiating fin and a plurality of combined type heat-conducting plate 1602a, the 1602b that contacts with battery housing 1600.And combined type heat-conducting plate 1602a, 1602b can make different structural designs according to the shape of element cell 1604, and it is described that details please refer to above each embodiment.And be simplicity of illustration, in Figure 16, only show the combined type heat-conducting plate 1602b between element cell 1604 and control circuit board 1606 at combined type heat-conducting plate 1602a between the element cell 1604 and position with component symbol 1602a, 1602b.The heat-conducting layer (not illustrating) of combined type heat-conducting plate 1602b in the present embodiment can be located at control circuit board 1606 sides, thermal insulation layer (not illustrating) can be located at element cell 1604 sides, therefore can be by having the combined type heat-conducting plate 1602b of incorgruous thermal conduction characteristic, the heat of control circuit board 1606 is passed to battery housing 1600 heat radiations, and the heat conduction of obstruct control circuit board 1606 is to element cell 1604 place's heating unit batteries 1604, to prevent to be close to the element cell 1604 very fast deteriorations of control circuit board 1606, have influence on the battery pack bulk life time.
In addition, please refer to Figure 17, wherein only show the structure in the battery housing, and being shaped as of element cell 1700 is cylindric, so the combined type heat-conducting plate 1702a of position between element cell 1700 can then only show the combined type heat-conducting plate of diverse location with reference to Fig. 7 A or Fig. 7 B with component symbol 1702a, 1702b and 1702c in Figure 17.Wherein, combined type heat-conducting plate 1702a position between the element cell 1700, combined type heat-conducting plate 1702b position between element cell 1700 and the control circuit board 1704, combined type heat-conducting plate 1702c is between element cell 1700 and circuit 1706.Can be located at control circuit board 1704 sides and circuit 1706 sides of heating respectively as for the heat-conducting layer (not illustrating) of combined type heat-conducting plate 1702b and 1702c; The thermal insulation layer of combined type heat-conducting plate 1702b and 1702c (not illustrating) then can be located at element cell 1700 sides.
The foregoing description is heat radiation and the thermal runaway diffusion safeguard structure in the battery pack that belongs in battery system, but the present invention also can be applicable to the battery module in the battery system, the seventh embodiment of the present invention as shown in figure 18.
In Figure 18, thermal runaway diffusion safeguard structure comprises a battery module (pack) housing 1800 and at least one combined type heat-conducting plate 1810.A plurality of battery pack 1802 are arranged, and each battery pack 1802 can be wherein one type or multiple using with in Fig. 2～Fig. 7 B and Figure 16～17 in battery module housing 1800, and battery module housing 1800 also can equally there be radiating fin 306 by image pattern 3.As for combined type heat-conducting plate 1810 is to contact and insert between at least two the battery pack 1802 with battery module housing 1800 in battery module housing 1800, wherein the structure of combined type heat-conducting plate 1810 is the three layers of anisotropy conductive structure (as the 3rd embodiment) that are made of two-layer heat-conducting layer 1812 folder one deck thermal insulation layers 1814, or according to required selection above-mentioned first, second, combined type heat-conducting plate among the 4th or the 5th embodiment, so do not repeat them here.In addition, in the part battery module, can have the member of settling control circuit board, circuit etc. to generate heat in the battery housing 1800 of battery pack 1802, so combined type heat-conducting plate 1810 also can be arranged between battery pack 1802 and these members that can generate heat.
In addition, if the housing of battery pack 1802 (not indicating) is the metal material (for example: aluminium, aluminium alloy etc.) of the high thermal conduction characteristic of tool, then the housing of battery pack 1802 can directly be used as the heat-conducting layer of combined type heat-conducting plate 1810.The structure of sign 1812 then only needs the support structure as fixed cell battery 1802 among Figure 18, does not limit to the material that uses above-mentioned table one or table two to exemplify.
In sum, the present invention is by being arranged at the combined type heat-conducting plate between element cell and/or the battery pack, may command also prevents battery pack or the thermal runaway safety problem of battery pack, effectively single battery because of short circuit, the thermal runaway harm that overcharges and cause, be confined in single battery or a few battery, the heat that discharges during with the battery thermal runaway carries out certain party tropism's conduction, the radiating fin that main heat all is directly delivered to housing dispels the heat, reduction heat passes to adjacent cells and causes adjacent cells thermal runaway situation and takes place, and prevents that battery pack from comprehensive thermal runaway taking place.In addition, combined type heat-conducting plate of the present invention also possesses the heat conduction and heat radiation function simultaneously, cooperates the radiating fin of housing can solve the problem of dispelling the heat in the battery system with temperature gradient, improves the cycle life of battery pack.
Though disclosed the present invention in conjunction with above embodiment; yet it is not in order to limit the present invention; be familiar with this operator in the technical field under any; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; can do a little change and retouching, thus protection scope of the present invention should with enclose claim was defined is as the criterion.
Claims (38)
1. dispel the heat and thermal runaway diffusion safeguard structure in a battery system, comprising:
Battery housing is wherein put a plurality of element cells; And
At least one combined type heat-conducting plate, in this battery housing, contact and insert between those element cells of at least two, wherein the multilayer anisotropy conductive structure formed by at least one heat-conducting layer and at least one thermal insulation layer of this combined type heat-conducting plate with this battery housing.
2. heat radiation in the battery system and thermal runaway diffusion safeguard structure comprises:
The battery module housing is wherein put a plurality of battery pack; And
At least one combined type heat-conducting plate, in this battery module housing, contact and insert between those battery pack of at least two, wherein the multilayer anisotropy conductive structure formed by at least one heat-conducting layer and at least one thermal insulation layer of this combined type heat-conducting plate with this battery module housing.
3. heat radiation in the battery system as claimed in claim 1 or 2 and thermal runaway diffusion safeguard structure, wherein this combined type heat-conducting plate comprises by this thermal insulation layer of one deck and the double-decker that this heat-conducting layer constituted of one deck.
4. heat radiation in the battery system as claimed in claim 1 or 2 and thermal runaway diffusion safeguard structure, wherein this combined type heat-conducting plate comprises the three-decker that this thermal insulation layer constituted by this two-layer heat-conducting layer folder one deck.
5. the heat radiation in the battery system as claimed in claim 1 or 2 and thermal runaway diffusion safeguard structure, wherein this combined type heat-conducting plate comprises the structure of this thermal insulation layer alternate configurations of this heat-conducting layer of multilayer and multilayer.
6. heat radiation in the battery system as claimed in claim 1 and thermal runaway diffusion safeguard structure, wherein this combined type heat-conducting plate comprises:
Two-layer this heat-conducting layer;
A plurality of structure stands are arranged between those heat-conducting layers, to support those heat-conducting layers and to form a plurality of inner spaces; And
Heat-barrier material is filled in those inner spaces, as this thermal insulation layer.
7. heat radiation in the battery system as claimed in claim 6 and thermal runaway diffusion safeguard structure, wherein those heat conduction supports comprise that line style is reined in bar, trellis is reined in bar, square some type structure, water chestnut lattice type dots structure or round dot type structure.
8. heat radiation in the battery system as claimed in claim 6 and thermal runaway diffusion safeguard structure, wherein this heat-conducting layer is the shell of those element cells.
9. heat radiation in the battery system as claimed in claim 2 and thermal runaway diffusion safeguard structure, wherein this combined type heat-conducting plate comprises:
Two-layer this heat-conducting layer;
A plurality of structure stands are arranged between those heat-conducting layers, to support those heat-conducting layers and to form a plurality of inner spaces; And
Heat-barrier material is filled in those inner spaces, as this thermal insulation layer.
10. heat radiation in the battery system as claimed in claim 9 and thermal runaway diffusion safeguard structure, wherein those heat conduction supports comprise that line style is reined in bar, trellis is reined in bar, square some type structure, water chestnut lattice type dots structure or round dot type structure.
11. heat radiation in the battery system as claimed in claim 9 and thermal runaway diffusion safeguard structure, wherein this heat-conducting layer is the housing of those battery pack.
12. heat radiation in the battery system as claimed in claim 1 or 2 and thermal runaway diffusion safeguard structure, wherein the coefficient of heat conduction k of this heat-conducting layer is greater than 50W/mK.
13. heat radiation in the battery system as claimed in claim 12 and thermal runaway diffusion safeguard structure, wherein the coefficient of heat conduction k of this heat-conducting layer is between 50W/mK～100W/mK.
14. heat radiation in the battery system as claimed in claim 13 and thermal runaway diffusion safeguard structure, wherein the material of this heat-conducting layer comprises the composite material that nickel, nickel alloy, iron, steel, carbon material or an above wherein material and plastics blend together.
15. heat radiation in the battery system as claimed in claim 12 and thermal runaway diffusion safeguard structure, wherein the coefficient of heat conduction k of this heat-conducting layer is between 100W/mK～450W/mK.
16. heat radiation in the battery system as claimed in claim 15 and thermal runaway diffusion safeguard structure, wherein the material of this heat-conducting layer comprises the composite material that gold, silver, aluminium, aluminium alloy, copper, copper alloy, magnesium, magnesium alloy, metal oxide or an above wherein material and plastics blend together.
17. heat radiation in the battery system as claimed in claim 15 and thermal runaway diffusion safeguard structure, wherein the material of this heat-conducting layer comprises the composite material that high heat-conducting ceramic powder and plastics blend together.
18. heat radiation in the battery system as claimed in claim 1 or 2 and thermal runaway diffusion safeguard structure, wherein the coefficient of heat conduction k of this thermal insulation layer is less than 2W/mK.
19. heat radiation in the battery system as claimed in claim 18 and thermal runaway diffusion safeguard structure, wherein the coefficient of heat conduction k of this thermal insulation layer is between 0.05W/mK～2W/mK.
20. heat radiation in the battery system as claimed in claim 19 and thermal runaway diffusion safeguard structure, wherein this thermal insulation layer comprises asbestos, resinoid bond glass plate or plastic plate.
21. heat radiation in the battery system as claimed in claim 20 and thermal runaway diffusion safeguard structure, wherein the material of this plastic plate comprises polyethylene, vinylacetate, polypropylene, epoxy resin or polyvinyl chloride.
22. heat radiation in the battery system as claimed in claim 18 and thermal runaway diffusion safeguard structure, wherein the coefficient of heat conduction k of this thermal insulation layer is between 0.001W/mK～05W/mK.
23. heat radiation in the battery system as claimed in claim 22 and thermal runaway diffusion safeguard structure, wherein this thermal insulation layer comprises the macromolecular material of foaming.
24. heat radiation in the battery system as claimed in claim 23 and thermal runaway diffusion safeguard structure, wherein the macromolecular material of this foaming comprises polyethylene, polypropylene, epoxy resin or polyvinyl chloride.
25. heat radiation in the battery system as claimed in claim 22 and thermal runaway diffusion safeguard structure, wherein this thermal insulation layer comprises low melting point macromolecular material, liquid or air, and this low melting point macromolecular material is the macromolecular material of fusing point between 40 ℃～80 ℃.
26. heat radiation in the battery system as claimed in claim 25 and thermal runaway diffusion safeguard structure, wherein this liquid comprises water or silicone oil.
27. heat radiation in the battery system as claimed in claim 25 and thermal runaway diffusion safeguard structure, wherein this low melting point macromolecular material comprises paraffin oil or aliphatic acid.
28. the heat radiation in the battery system as claimed in claim 1 or 2 and thermal runaway diffusion safeguard structure, wherein the gross thickness of this combined type heat-conducting plate between 2.0cm～0.05cm, the thickness of this heat-conducting layer thickness that accounts for 3%～70% and this thermal insulation layer of this gross thickness accounts for 30%～97% of this gross thickness.
29. the heat radiation in the battery system as claimed in claim 1 or 2 and thermal runaway diffusion safeguard structure, wherein the gross thickness of this combined type heat-conducting plate between 1.0cm～0.05cm, the thickness of this heat-conducting layer thickness that accounts for 5%～70% and this thermal insulation layer of this gross thickness accounts for 30%～95% of this gross thickness.
30. the heat radiation in the battery system as claimed in claim 1 or 2 and thermal runaway diffusion safeguard structure, wherein the gross thickness of this combined type heat-conducting plate between 0.5cm～0.05cm, the thickness of this heat-conducting layer thickness that accounts for 10%～70% and this thermal insulation layer of this gross thickness accounts for 30%～90% of this gross thickness.
31. heat radiation in the battery system as claimed in claim 1 and thermal runaway diffusion safeguard structure, wherein this battery housing comprises a radiating fin.
32. heat radiation in the battery system as claimed in claim 31 and thermal runaway diffusion safeguard structure, wherein this combined type heat-conducting plate and this radiating fin are to interconnect via physics or solder bond mode.
33. heat radiation in the battery system as claimed in claim 2 and thermal runaway diffusion safeguard structure, wherein this battery module housing comprises a radiating fin.
34. heat radiation in the battery system as claimed in claim 33 and thermal runaway diffusion safeguard structure, wherein this combined type heat-conducting plate and this radiating fin are to interconnect via physics or solder bond mode.
35. heat radiation in the battery system as claimed in claim 1 and thermal runaway diffusion safeguard structure also comprise:
Control circuit board is arranged in this battery housing; And
This combined type heat-conducting plate comprises that also the position is between this control circuit board and those element cells.
36. heat radiation in the battery system as claimed in claim 2 and thermal runaway diffusion safeguard structure also comprise:
Control circuit board is arranged in this battery module housing; And
This combined type heat-conducting plate also comprises between this control circuit board and those battery pack.
37. heat radiation in the battery system as claimed in claim 1 and thermal runaway diffusion safeguard structure also comprise:
One circuit is arranged in this battery housing; And
This combined type heat-conducting plate comprises that also the position is between this circuit and those element cells.
38. heat radiation in the battery system as claimed in claim 2 and thermal runaway diffusion safeguard structure also comprise:
One circuit is arranged in this battery module housing; And
This combined type heat-conducting plate comprises that also the position is between this circuit and those battery pack.
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