CN102116856A - Transverse relaxation time measuring method and system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a transverse relaxation time measuring method. The method comprises the following steps of: acquiring an echo signal; fitting the echo signal to acquire a prior estimate value of the relaxation time; and calculating echo time interval according to the prior estimate value, and feeding the echo time interval to the fitting calculation to acquire a measurement value of the relaxation time. Through rough estimation on the relaxation by the fitting calculation, the transverse relaxation time measuring method and system realize optimization on the signal to noise ratio of the relaxation time in the echo signal, so that the accuracy of relaxation time measurement is effectively improved.
Description
[technical field]
The present invention relates to biomedical technology, particularly relate to a kind of T2 measuring method and system.
[background technology]
MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging, magnetic resonance imaging) technology because have very high resolution, to the measurement of the multiple parameter of human body and can utilize the relaxation time weighting that tumour is carried out early diagnosis, evaluation and approved widely and use.Relaxation time is the most basic contrast mechanisms of magnetic resonance imaging.Utilize the feature in relaxation time to distinguish, to cut apart and to classify, thereby improve the detection and the supervision level of disease tissue.
In the clinical practice of reality, common direct various weighted images of collection, relaxation time weighted image for example, and carry out the diagnosis of various diseases according to the relaxation time weighted image, still, this diagnostic mode needs to depend on doctor's experience to a great extent.In generating the process of weighted image, because the weight difference of each parameter weighting, and weight can be along with all multifactor and change, even obtain weighted image by mixed weighting, even therefore veteran doctor also unavoidably misidentification can take place.
[summary of the invention]
Based on this, be necessary to provide a kind of T2 measuring method that improves accuracy.
In addition, also be necessary to provide a kind of T2 measuring system that improves accuracy.
A kind of T2 measuring method may further comprise the steps: obtain echoed signal; Described echoed signal is carried out the priori valuation that The Fitting Calculation obtains the relaxation time; Calculate the echo time interval and feed back to the measured value that obtains the relaxation time in the The Fitting Calculation according to described priori valuation.
Preferably, the described step of obtaining echoed signal is: obtain echoed signal by magnetic resonance pulse sequence.
Preferably, describedly described echoed signal is carried out the step that The Fitting Calculation obtains the priori valuation in relaxation time be: described echoed signal is carried out the priori valuation that linear fit obtains the relaxation time by least square method.
Preferably, described step of echoed signal being carried out linear fit by least square method is that preceding at least 3 echoed signals in the echoed signal are carried out least-squares algorithm linear fitting.
Preferably, described according to described priori valuation calculate the echo time at interval and the step that feeds back to the measured value that obtains the relaxation time in the The Fitting Calculation be: calculate the echo time at interval according to described priori valuation; Fed back to the measured value that obtains the relaxation time in the linear fit of least square method the described echo time at interval.
A kind of T2 measuring system comprises at least: acquisition module is used to obtain echoed signal; Fitting module is used for described echoed signal is carried out the priori valuation that The Fitting Calculation obtains the relaxation time, and obtains the measured value in relaxation time by The Fitting Calculation according to the echo time interval of computing module feedback; Computing module is used for calculating described echo time interval and feeding back to The Fitting Calculation according to described priori valuation.
Preferably, described acquisition module is used for obtaining echoed signal by magnetic resonance pulse sequence.
Preferably, described fitting module is used for by least square method described echoed signal being carried out the priori valuation that linear fit obtains the relaxation time.
Preferably, described fitting module is used for preceding at least 3 echoed signals of echoed signal are carried out least-squares algorithm linear fitting.
Preferably, described fitting module is further used for the echo time of feedback is obtained by the linear fit of least square method at interval the measured value in relaxation time.
Above-mentioned T2 measuring method and system carry out the guestimate in relaxation time by The Fitting Calculation, and then have realized the optimization to relaxation time signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) in the echoed signal, have improved the accuracy of relaxation time measurement effectively.
[description of drawings]
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of T2 measuring method among the embodiment;
Fig. 2 be among the embodiment echo time at interval with the graph of a relation in relaxation time;
Fig. 3 is the synoptic diagram of T2 measuring system among the embodiment;
Fig. 4 is that the conventional relaxed Method Of Time Measurement of SNR=50 in the computer simulation emulation and the performance of T2 measuring method compare;
Fig. 5 is that the conventional relaxed Method Of Time Measurement of SNR=10 in the computer simulation emulation and the performance of T2 measuring method compare;
Fig. 6 is the phantom relaxation time collection of illustrative plates of T2 measuring method in the phantom measurement;
Fig. 7 is the phantom relaxation time collection of illustrative plates of conventional relaxed Method Of Time Measurement in the phantom measurement;
Fig. 8 is the knee relaxation time collection of illustrative plates of T2 measuring method in the anthropological measuring;
Fig. 9 is the knee relaxation time collection of illustrative plates of conventional relaxed Method Of Time Measurement in the anthropological measuring.
[embodiment]
Fig. 1 shows the method flow that a T2 among the embodiment is measured, and may further comprise the steps:
In step S10, obtain echoed signal.In the present embodiment, the step of obtaining echoed signal is for to obtain echoed signal by magnetic resonance pulse sequence.Obtain the echoed signal of whole imaging region, but, only calculate at the echoed signal in the area-of-interest for reducing the calculated amount in the follow-up fit procedure.
For example, can adopt many echoes SE sequence (self-rotary echo-pulse series) to carry out cross-section bit scan, obtain echoed signal, so that this echoed signal is carried out match.
In step S30, echoed signal is carried out the priori valuation that The Fitting Calculation obtains the relaxation time.In the present embodiment, the echoed signal after the intercepting is carried out guestimate, obtain the priori valuation in relaxation time by match.Particularly, can obtain the priori valuation in relaxation time by the mode of least-squares algorithm linear fitting.Because the echoed signal signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of leading portion is higher in the echo train, makes match comparatively accurate, can utilize the echoed signal of leading portion in the echo train to carry out match.The step of echoed signal being carried out linear fit by least square method refers to carries out least-squares algorithm linear fitting to preceding at least 3 echoed signals in the echoed signal.But, in fit procedure, the echo that participates in least-squares algorithm linear fitting is many more, the needed time is also just long more, therefore in a preferred embodiment, only preceding 3 echoed signals in the echoed signal are carried out least-squares algorithm linear fitting, thereby in the minimizing time and improved under the situation of match speed, also guaranteed the accuracy of match.
In step S50, valuation calculates the echo time interval and feeds back to the measured value that obtains the relaxation time in the The Fitting Calculation according to priori.In the present embodiment, the echo time is meant the time interval between adjacent two echoed signals in the imaging sequence echo train at interval.According to the priori valuation in conjunction with relaxation time signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) (T
2-to-noise-ratio, T
2NR) calculate the optimum echo time at interval, and echo time that should optimum feed back in the The Fitting Calculation at interval and go, utilize the echo time of the optimum that calculates to carry out least-squares algorithm linear fitting at interval.To feed back at interval through the echo time that relaxation time signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) optimization obtains in the linear fit of least square method,, improve the accuracy of relaxation time measurement effectively to obtain relaxation time measured value through optimizing.
The priori valuation T that match is obtained
2And standard deviation
Bring in the following formula, to obtain echo time interval delta T E.
Wherein, S is an echoed signal intensity, and σ is the standard variance of Gaussian noise,
Be the standard deviation of echoed signal, Δ TE is the echo time interval.S
1/ σ at imaging parameters one regularly can be used as scale parameter and handle.
Particularly, in the measurement in relaxation time, corresponding standard deviation of relaxation time is the parameter of important sign noise transmission, satisfy TR＞＞TE, TR＞＞T
1Condition under, the expression formula of signal intensity can be approximately in the echoed signal:
S＝S
0exp(-TE/T
2) (2)
Wherein, TR is the repetition time, and TE is echo time (from the time interval between excitation pulse and the generation echo), T
1Be reversing time, S
0Signal intensity during for TE=0.
By the visible relaxation time T of (2) formula
2Can estimate with the ratio of the echoed signal intensity of two different echo time TE, suppose that two echo times are respectively TE
1And TE
2, and TE
2＞TE
1, then:
S
1＝S
0exp(-TE
1/T
2)?(3)
S
2＝S
0exp(-TE
2/T
2)?(4)
Wherein, S
1Be to be TE the echo time
1The time echoed signal intensity, S
2Be to be TE the echo time
2The time echoed signal intensity.
Relaxation time T then
2Computing formula be:
Consider The noise, Gaussian noise be superimposed on above-mentioned two echoed signals, by the fundamental error analysis principle, can with
Regard S as
1And S
2Function:
Can try to achieve the standard deviation in relaxation time through deriving is:
Finally, the relaxation time signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) can ask into:
Wherein, S
1/ σ is TE
1The signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) that constantly measures at imaging parameters one regularly, can be used as scale parameter and handle, and Δ TE is two echo times intervals between the echo.
This shows T
2The optimization of NR comes down to about Δ TE and T
2The binary function maximal value find the solution problem.As shown in Figure 2, as relaxation time T
2One regularly, optimum T
2The NR value is by the Δ TE decision of correspondence; As Δ TE one timing, corresponding relaxation time T
2Optimum T will be determined
2NR.Therefore, for relaxation time T
2Measurement, can be equivalent to and work as T
2Value one is regularly found the solution and is made T
2Δ TE when NR gets maximal value, i.e. Zui You Δ TE, thus obtain optimum echo time of being used to carry out curve fitting at interval.
In addition, also be necessary to provide a kind of T2 measuring system.As shown in Figure 3, this system comprises acquisition module 10, fitting module 30 and computing module 50.
For example, acquisition module 10 can adopt many echoes SE sequence (self-rotary echo-pulse series) to carry out cross-section bit scan, obtains echoed signal, so that this echoed signal is carried out match.
Fitting module 30 is carried out the priori valuation that linear fit obtains the relaxation time by least square method to the echoed signal after intercepting.Particularly, the relaxation time is estimated roughly, obtained the priori valuation in relaxation time by least-squares algorithm linear fitting.Among another embodiment, because the echoed signal signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of leading portion is higher in the echo train, make match comparatively accurate, fitting module 30 can utilize the echoed signal of leading portion in the echo train to carry out match.In a preferred embodiment, for further improving the accuracy of match, improve match speed, preceding at least 3 echoed signals in 30 pairs of echoed signals of fitting module are carried out least-squares algorithm linear fitting.
Particularly, computing module 50 priori valuation T that match is obtained
2Bring in the following formula, to obtain echo time interval delta T E.
Wherein, S
1Be echoed signal intensity, σ is the standard variance of Gaussian noise,
Be the standard deviation of echoed signal, Δ TE is the echo time interval, S
1/ σ at imaging parameters one regularly can be used as scale parameter and handle.
Below in conjunction with computer simulation emulation, phantom measurement and anthropological measuring, the accuracy of above-mentioned T2 measuring method and system is assessed and contrasted.Phantom and human experimentation are all carried out on the 0.35T magnetic resonance device, and used coil is a knee coil.Computer simulation emulation and Data Post all on Windows XP platform, are used MATLAB R2008a, realize that with the software of establishment voluntarily wherein view data is the DICOM form.
Computer simulation emulation produces the spin echo signal of simulation by (1) formula, TE=5～130ms wherein, echo sounding Δ TE=5ms, T
2=10～120MS.With zero-mean, standard variance is that Gaussian noise and the echoed signal of σ superposes, and obtains final signals and associated noises.Signal to noise ratio snr (SNR=S during TE=0
0/ σ) be respectively 10 and 50.To different SNR and T
210,000 tests are respectively done in combination, calculate T at last
2The average and the standard variance of value are assessed T
2The accuracy of measuring.
In the conventional relaxed Method Of Time Measurement, noise gate σ
NoiseEqual the standard variance σ of noise, signal intensity S in the echo train＜2 σ
NoiseFirst echoed signal and echo afterwards thereof will be clipped, remaining echoed signal will be used for The Fitting Calculation.And T in the T2 measuring method
2The priori valuation obtain by first three the echoed signal match in the echo train.
Compared under different SNR conditions the performance of conventional relaxed Method Of Time Measurement and above-mentioned T2 measuring method among Fig. 4 to Fig. 5.Under the high s/n ratio condition, promptly during SNR=50, two kinds of methods all obtain result more accurately, all show with the fine of actual value to coincide, but at T
2Be the part of 10～50ms, the conventional relaxed Method Of Time Measurement is to T
2The priori valuation have a little higher, and above-mentioned T2 measuring method is at whole T
2All keep stable in the dynamic range of value and valuation accurately.Under the low signal-to-noise ratio condition (Fig. 5), promptly during SNR=10, two kinds of methods all show T
2Over-evaluate.Comparatively speaking, the conventional relaxed Method Of Time Measurement to over-evaluate degree bigger, and at whole T
2Continue to over-evaluate in the dynamic range of value, and above-mentioned T2 measuring method is at T
2Value is the part of 80～120ms, over-evaluates situation and restrains oneself, and tends to accurate valuation gradually.In general, above-mentioned T2 measuring method has T more accurately than the conventional relaxed Method Of Time Measurement
2Valuation, and at whole T
2Show the robustness stronger in the dynamic range of value to noise.The size of SNR can influence two kinds of methods to T
2Valuation, SNR is low more, T
2Valuation high more, big more with the deviation of ideal value, error is big more.
The multi-functional phantom of phantom measurement experiment use standard is measured, and the imaging aspect has 5 cylindrical regions, is filled with 0.001%, 0.002%, 0.004%, 0.007% and 0.012% MnCl respectively
24H
2O and distilled water.Peripheral filling material is 0.125%NiSO
46H
2O, 0.5%NaCl and distilled water.The concentration difference causes solution T
2The difference of value, and concentration is big more, T
2Be worth more little.The room temperature of scanning room is controlled at 24 ℃.
Adopt the many echo sequences of individual layer to carry out cross-section bit scan, imaging parameters is: FOV=220mm * 220mm, TR=5000ms, TE=20～500ms, echo sounding Δ TE=20ms, echo train length ETL=25, times of collection Nacq=1, bandwidth BW=80Hz/pixel, bed thickness TH=7mm, image array 256 * 256.
With 25 width of cloth T that obtain
2Weighted image calculates the priori valuation in relaxation time through least-squares algorithm linear fitting.Wherein, in the conventional relaxed Method Of Time Measurement, noise gate σ
NoiseStandard variance by signal homogeneous area in first echo is determined signal amplitude S in the echo train＜2 σ
NoiseFirst echoed signal and echoed signal afterwards thereof will be clipped, remaining echoed signal will be used for The Fitting Calculation.In the above-mentioned T2 measuring method, T
2The priori valuation obtain by first three echo match.The T that after The Fitting Calculation, obtains
2Collection of illustrative plates as shown in Figure 6.
Among Fig. 7, see the T of above-mentioned T2 measuring method gained on the whole
2The signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of collection of illustrative plates is better than the conventional relaxed Method Of Time Measurement, especially is 0.012% and 0.007% zone (short T in concentration
2).
The phantom experiment shows that the priori valuation of resulting relaxation time of self-adaptation type approximating method is on the low side than conventional relaxed Method Of Time Measurement gained result, and at whole T
2In the dynamic range of value, can both obtain T more accurately
2Measured value.Especially for short T
2The measurement of value, the advantage of above-mentioned T2 measuring method has clearly demonstrated fully the robustness of this method to noise, and T
2The optimization of NR is to T
2The improvement effect of measurement accuracy.
Anthropological measuring is carried out the knee imaging to 25 years old healthy volunteer, and room temperature is controlled at 24 ℃.Adopt the many echo sequences of multilayer to carry out cross-section bit scan, imaging parameters is: FOV=160mm * 160mm, TR=1250ms, TE=15～120ms, echo sounding Δ TE=15ms, echo train length ETL=8, image array 256 * 256, times of collection Nacq=2, bandwidth BW=130Hz/pixel, bed thickness TH=4mm gets 9 layers of cross-section positions, interlamellar spacing 4mm, total scanning time TA=6 ' 44 ".
In the conventional relaxed Method Of Time Measurement, noise gate σ
NoiseDetermine consistent with the process of above-mentioned phantom measurement.In the T2 measuring method, T
2The priori valuation obtain by first three echo match.
By Fig. 8 and shown in Figure 9, as articular cartilage, muscle etc., with the resulting T of T2 measuring method
2Measured value is on the low side than the conventional relaxed Method Of Time Measurement, so the conventional relaxed Method Of Time Measurement is to T
2The phenomenon that value is over-evaluated is confirmed once more.From T
2See on the collection of illustrative plates that the collection of illustrative plates that the T2 measuring method obtains is more level and smooth, details is abundanter, has higher signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio).
Above-mentioned T2 measuring method and system can be applicable in the diagnosis of osteoarthritis; knee joint is the most complicated prudent joint of human body maximum; articular cartilage is an indispensable important structure in the knee joint normal activity, and age growth and various joint disease all can cause the regression of cartilage or damage and influence kneed normal activity.But because it can't directly jeopardize people's life, often unlike other diseases, come into one's own, fail in time to treat, cause nonreversibility to change and easily be left in the basket.(osteoarthritis OA) is the key factor that influences knee joint stability to osteoarthritis, also is simultaneously modal a kind of joint diseases in the global range.Along with the development of each related discipline such as molecular biology, materia medica, make the early treatment of cartilage lesion become possibility, this just need carry out early diagnosis to cartilage lesion.Magnetic resonance has big diagnostic value as a kind of method of Noninvasive is verified for cartilage lesion, can come the long term monitoring osteoarthritis by the variation of measuring magnetic resonance relaxation time quantitative test articular cartilage inner tissue composition, extensively be approved at present.
Above-mentioned T2 measuring method and system carry out the guestimate in relaxation time by The Fitting Calculation, and then have realized the optimization to relaxation time signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) in the echoed signal, have improved the accuracy of relaxation time measurement effectively.
The above embodiment has only expressed several embodiment of the present invention, and it describes comparatively concrete and detailed, but can not therefore be interpreted as the restriction to claim of the present invention.Should be pointed out that for the person of ordinary skill of the art without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, can also make some distortion and improvement, these all belong to protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, the protection domain of patent of the present invention should be as the criterion with claims.
Claims (10)
1. T2 measuring method may further comprise the steps:
Obtain echoed signal;
Described echoed signal is carried out the priori valuation that The Fitting Calculation obtains the relaxation time;
Calculate the echo time interval and feed back to the measured value that obtains the relaxation time in the The Fitting Calculation according to described priori valuation.
2. T2 measuring method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the described step of obtaining echoed signal is:
Obtain echoed signal by magnetic resonance pulse sequence.
3. T2 measuring method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, describedly described echoed signal is carried out the step that The Fitting Calculation obtains the priori valuation in relaxation time is:
By least square method described echoed signal is carried out the priori valuation that linear fit obtains the relaxation time.
4. T2 measuring method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, described step of echoed signal being carried out linear fit by least square method is that preceding at least 3 echoed signals in the echoed signal are carried out least-squares algorithm linear fitting.
5. according to the T2 measuring method of claim 3, it is characterized in that, described according to described priori valuation calculate the echo time at interval and the step that feeds back to the measured value that obtains the relaxation time in the The Fitting Calculation be:
Calculate the echo time at interval according to described priori valuation;
Fed back to the measured value that obtains the relaxation time in the linear fit of least square method the described echo time at interval.
6. a T2 measuring system is characterized in that, comprises at least:
Acquisition module is used to obtain echoed signal;
Fitting module is used for described echoed signal is carried out the priori valuation that The Fitting Calculation obtains the relaxation time, and obtains the measured value in relaxation time by The Fitting Calculation according to the echo time interval of computing module feedback;
Computing module is used for calculating described echo time interval and feeding back to The Fitting Calculation according to described priori valuation.
7. T2 measuring system according to claim 6 is characterized in that described acquisition module is used for obtaining echoed signal by magnetic resonance pulse sequence.
8. T2 measuring system according to claim 6 is characterized in that, described fitting module is used for by least square method described echoed signal being carried out the priori valuation that linear fit obtains the relaxation time.
9. T2 measuring method according to claim 8 is characterized in that, described fitting module is used for preceding at least 3 echoed signals of echoed signal are carried out least-squares algorithm linear fitting.
10. T2 measuring method according to claim 8 is characterized in that, described fitting module is further used for the echo time of feedback is obtained by the linear fit of least square method at interval the measured value in relaxation time.
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| CN103110421A (en) * | 2013-02-07 | 2013-05-22 | 四川大学华西医院 | Method of improving signal to noise ratio of magnetic resonance imaging and system thereof |
| CN103218788A (en) * | 2013-04-24 | 2013-07-24 | 南方医科大学 | Method for measuring liver magnetic resonance crosswise relaxation rate R2* parameter |
| CN103675722A (en) * | 2013-11-27 | 2014-03-26 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Automatic matching method for acquisition parameters of rock T2-G tests |
| CN106597338A (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2017-04-26 | 北京航空航天大学 | Method for measuring atomic transverse relaxation time based on electron resonance phase frequency analysis |
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