CN102115809A - Environment-friendly heat treatment process for large shaft forgings - Google Patents
Environment-friendly heat treatment process for large shaft forgings Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an environment-friendly heat treatment process for large shaft forgings. According to the heat treatment process, the traditional oil and tap water are substituted by a commercial water soluble quenching medium PAG (poly alkylene glycol) or BW, the concentration of the quenching medium PAG or BW is adjusted, and the process parameters such as the heating speed, holding time, quenching temperature, quenching time, tempering temperature, cooling speed and the like are strictly controlled, thereby solving the problems of deformation and even defects liable to occur by water cooling of large shaft parts and lower rigidity, environmental pollution and the like liable to occur by oil cooling of large shaft parts, and simultaneously solving the problems of heavy weight, great change of sectional dimension, uneven performance after heat treatment and the like of large shaft parts.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a part heat treatment technics field, be specifically related to the environmental protection thermal treatment process of macrotype axes series forging.
Background technology
Traditional large parts employed quenchant that quenches is used tap water and oils more.Because the characteristic of water is very fast in high-temperature zone and cold zone speed of cooling, make steam film produce excessive velocities and improve water temperature, therefore adopt thermal treatment process condition control difficulty when using water as quenchant, and occur defective such as hardening crack easily; Because the speed of cooling of oil is slower, when being used for the quench treatment of medium carbon low alloy steel class large component, problems such as the hard or quench-hardened case of parts quenching is shallow often appear, what is more important, oil is as quenchant, and is seriously polluted.
The macrotype axes series parts mostly are the key part of carrying, the service condition complexity, and carry load is big, so its thermal treatment process is strict.The technological difficulties of the thermal treatment process of macrotype axes series parts are as follows: (1) workpiece Heavy Weight, and sectional dimension is big, and it is on the low side that oil cooling performance do not occur firmly because of quenching easily, and distortion even crackle appear greatly in the water-cooled stress; (2) macrotype axes series parts (as bent axle, rotor etc.) size difference is big, makes thermal treatment process control difficulty.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of environmental protection thermal treatment process of macrotype axes series forging, adopts water-cooled to occur distortion even defective, employing oil cooling easily to be easy to generate problems such as the on the low side and environmental pollution of hardness to solve macrotype axes series parts; And solution macrotype axes series parts weight is big, sectional dimension changes greatly the unequal problem of performance after the thermal treatment.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts technical scheme as described below:
This scheme adopts traditional well formula heat treatment furnace, adopt commercially available water-soluble quenching medium PAG or BW to substitute traditional oil and tap water, processing parameters such as strict control rate of heating, quenching temperature, cool time, tempering temperature and speed of cooling, make the macrotype axes series parts performance good, environmental friendliness, its step is as follows:
(1), macrotype axes series parts is vertically hung in the heat treatment furnace, be warming up to 350-400 ℃, be incubated 3.5-4.5 hour with 30-60 ℃/hour speed by suspender; And then be warming up to 600-650 ℃ with 40-60 ℃/hour speed, be incubated 6-8 hour;
(2), after the 600-650 ℃ insulation, be warming up to quenching temperature 850-970 ℃, be incubated with 40-50 ℃/hour speed;
(3), workpiece is hung in the quenching tank that quenchant is housed quench treatment;
(4), quench after, shove charge tempering in time; Be warming up to 250-450 ℃ with 20-30 ℃/hour speed, be incubated; Continue to be warming up to tempering temperature 550-670 ℃ with 30-50 ℃ speed then, evenly insulation;
(5), behind the tempering heat tracing, the tempering speed of cooling is controlled between 10-25 ℃, the temperature cooling air cooling of coming out of the stove below 150 ℃.
Be better implement the invention, in the step 2, be warmed up to quenching temperature after, soaking time was calculated according to quenching workpiece maximum cross-section diameter, in the cross section insulation of 1-1.5 meters of diameters 9-15 hour.
Be better implement the invention, in the step 3, in volume percent, the PAG type quenchant that the BW type quenchant that quenchant is chosen 5-30% is equipped with the water of 70-95% or 3-15% is equipped with the water of 85-97%.
Be better implement the invention, in the step 3, quench media temperature is controlled at below 60 ℃.
Be better implement the invention, in the step 3, the cool time is controlled according to the maximum cross-section diameter of quenching workpiece, and relevant with quenchant concentration; To the workpiece of diameter 1-1.5 rice, adopt the BW type quenchant cool time to calculate according to 150-350 minute; Adopt PAG type quenchant, the cool time calculated according to 250-400 minute; Quenchant concentration is big more, and the cool time is short more.
Being better implement the invention, before the tempering, should keeping each position temperature of workpiece even, the temperature difference is controlled at ± and 10 ℃.
Be better implement the invention, in the step 4, when tempering was warming up to 250-450 ℃, soaking time was relevant with the maximum cross-section of workpiece, and for the cross section of diameter 1-1.5 rice, soaking time is 8-20 hour.
Be better implement the invention, in the step 4, when tempering was warming up to 550-670 ℃, soaking time was relevant with the maximum cross-section of workpiece, and for the cross section of diameter 1-1.5 rice, soaking time is 40-46 hour.
Alleged BW type quenchant is that water-based hardening liquid ORNCQUENCH BW type quenchant or precious (PETROFER) company of German moral profit that German Ou Runke company releases produces among the present invention; PAG type quenchant is produced by U.S. Union Carbide Corp (UCONA).
Owing to adopt technical scheme as mentioned above, the present invention has following technical superiority:
This scheme adopts commercially available water-soluble quenching medium PAG and BW to replace traditional quenchant tap water, overcome tap water in high-temperature zone and the cold zone speed of cooling is fast and technology controlling and process is difficult shortcoming, workpiece is hardened evenly, can obviously reduce quenching strain and tearing tendency; Adopt commercially available water-soluble quenching medium PAG and BW to replace oil, do not have oil smoke when workpiece is quenched, can avoid dirty, black, the cigarette, fire of heat treatment department etc., improved working conditions greatly, simultaneously can save workpiece cleaning cost etc., bring the benefit of efficient, energy-conservation and environmental protection to industrial production.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that material is the quenching technology figure of the large rotor of 30CrMoV steel;
Fig. 2 is that material is the quenching technology figure of the large rotor of 25Cr2Ni4MoV steel.
Embodiment
In conjunction with Fig. 1, material is that 30CrMoV steel, weight are the quenching technology of 28 tons large rotor, and concrete processing step is as follows:
(1), adopt dop that large rotor is vertically hung in the heat treatment furnace, be warming up to 345 ± 5 ℃ with 40 ℃/hour speed, be incubated 4 hours; And then be warming up to 655 ± 5 ℃ with 40 ℃/hour speed, be incubated 6.5 hours;
(2), after 655 ℃ of insulations, be warming up to 950 ± 5 ℃ of quenching temperatures, be incubated 10 hours with 45 ℃/hour speed;
(3), rapidly large rotor is vertically hung in the quenching tank, in volume percent, the quenchant in the quenching tank is the water of 8%PAG and 92%, and quench media temperature is controlled at below 50 ℃, quenches 270 minutes;
(4), hang out large rotor and be cooled to below 200 ℃, shove charge is warming up to 350 ± 5 ℃ with 30 ℃/speed at one hour rating, is incubated 8 hours; Continue to be warming up to 670 ℃ ± 5 ℃ of tempering temperatures with 40 ℃ of speed then, evenly insulation is incubated 40 hours; At last, cool off below 150 ℃ the air cooling of coming out of the stove with 10-15 ℃ speed of cooling.
Final inspection, large rotor distortion and tearing tendency are little, and every performance index all meet technical requirements, and performance index are as follows:
In conjunction with Fig. 2, material is the quenching technology of the large rotor of 25Cr2Ni4MoV steel, and concrete processing step is as follows:
(1), adopt dop that large rotor is vertically hung in the heat treatment furnace, be warming up to 400 ± 5 ℃ with 55 ℃/hour speed, be incubated 4 hours, and then be warming up to 600 ± 5 ℃ with 35 ℃/hour speed, be incubated 8.5 hours;
(2), after 600 ℃ of insulations, be warming up to 855 ± 5 ℃ of quenching temperatures, be incubated 10 hours with 40 ℃/hour speed;
(3), rapidly large rotor is vertically hung in the quenching tank, in volume percent, the quenchant in the quenching tank is the water of 15%BW and 85%, and quench media temperature is controlled at below 50 ℃, quenches 300 minutes;
(4), hang out large rotor and be cooled to below 200 ℃, shove charge is warming up to 400 ± 5 ℃ with 30 ℃/speed at one hour rating, is incubated 8 hours; Continue to be warming up to 600 ℃ ± 5 ℃ of tempering temperatures with 35 ℃ of speed then, evenly insulation is incubated 35 hours; At last, cool off the air cooling of coming out of the stove below 150 ℃ with 10 ℃ speed of cooling.
Final inspection, large rotor distortion and tearing tendency are little, and every performance index all meet technical requirements, and the specific performance index is as follows:
Claims (8)
1. the environmental protection thermal treatment process of a macrotype axes series forging is characterized in that: specifically comprise the steps:
(1), macrotype axes series parts is vertically hung in the heat treatment furnace, be warming up to 350-400 ℃, be incubated 3.5-4.5 hour with 30-60 ℃/hour speed by suspender; And then be warming up to 600-650 ℃ with 40-60 ℃/hour speed, be incubated 6-8 hour;
(2), after the 600-650 ℃ insulation, be warming up to quenching temperature 850-970 ℃, be incubated with 40-50 ℃/hour speed;
(3), workpiece is hung in the quenching tank that quenchant is housed quench treatment;
(4), quench after, shove charge tempering in time; Be warming up to 250-450 ℃ with 20-30 ℃/hour speed, be incubated; Continue to be warming up to tempering temperature 550-670 ℃ with 30-50 ℃ speed then, evenly insulation;
(5), behind the tempering heat tracing, the tempering speed of cooling is controlled between 10-25 ℃, the temperature cooling air cooling of coming out of the stove below 150 ℃.
2. the environmental protection thermal treatment process of macrotype axes series forging according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the step 2, after being warmed up to quenching temperature, soaking time was calculated according to quenching workpiece maximum cross-section diameter, in the cross section insulation of 1～1.5 meter of diameter 9～15 hours.
3. the environmental protection thermal treatment process of macrotype axes series forging according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the step 3, in volume percent, the PAG type quenchant that the BW type quenchant that quenchant is chosen 5-30% is equipped with the water of 70-95% or 3-15% is equipped with the water of 85-97%.
4. the environmental protection thermal treatment process of macrotype axes series forging according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the step 3, quench media temperature is controlled at below 60 ℃.
5. the environmental protection thermal treatment process of macrotype axes series forging according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the step 3, the cool time is controlled according to the maximum cross-section diameter of quenching workpiece, and relevant with quenchant concentration; To the workpiece of 1～1.5 meter of diameter, adopt the BW type quenchant cool time according to 150-350 minute meter; Adopt PAG type quenchant, the cool time was according to 250-400 minute meter; Quenchant concentration is big more, and the cool time is short more.
6. the environmental protection thermal treatment process of macrotype axes series forging according to claim 1 is characterized in that: before the tempering, should keep each position temperature of workpiece even, and the temperature difference is controlled at ± and 10 ℃.
7. the environmental protection thermal treatment process of macrotype axes series forging according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the step 4, when tempering was warming up to 250-450 ℃, soaking time was relevant with the maximum cross-section diameter of workpiece, for the cross section of diameter 1-1.5 rice, soaking time is 8-20 hour.
8. the environmental protection thermal treatment process of macrotype axes series forging according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the step 4, when tempering was warming up to 550-670 ℃, soaking time was relevant with the maximum cross-section diameter of workpiece, for the cross section of diameter 1-1.5 rice, soaking time is 40-46 hour.
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| CN102703668A (en) * | 2012-06-06 | 2012-10-03 | 张家港海陆重型锻压有限公司 | Seal head blank production process |
| CN102952926A (en) * | 2012-10-24 | 2013-03-06 | 荣成锻压机床有限公司 | Thermal refining method of press eccentric body made from 35CrMo |
| CN102989953A (en) * | 2012-08-22 | 2013-03-27 | 昌利锻造有限公司 | Forging method of automotive eccentric shaft |
| CN103103333A (en) * | 2013-01-28 | 2013-05-15 | 临沂业隆通用机械有限公司 | Intermediate frequency quenching and tempering heat treatment process and special equipment for pin shaft |
| CN104480265A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-04-01 | 三明学院 | Fast-marching and controlling quenching tank device and control method thereof |
| CN104531974A (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2015-04-22 | 中国第一重型机械股份公司 | Large forging quenching heat treatment process |
| CN106191389A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2016-12-07 | 上海交通大学 | A kind of two-step method tempering process improving nuclear power heavy forging impact flexibility |
| CN107151726A (en) * | 2016-03-03 | 2017-09-12 | 内蒙古航天红岗机械有限公司 | A kind of integral heat-processing method of major diameter superhigh intensity steel metal shell |
| CN107649834A (en) * | 2017-09-19 | 2018-02-02 | 无锡宏达重工股份有限公司 | A kind of manufacturing process of carbon steel forged shaft peculiar to vessel |
| CN109735763A (en) * | 2018-12-31 | 2019-05-10 | 宝鼎科技股份有限公司 | 25X2H4M ф A steel alloy large-size steam turbine shaft forging and preparation method |
| CN111089151A (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2020-05-01 | 岳西县盛宏工贸有限责任公司 | Anti-fracture chain wheel support structure and forging process thereof |
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| CN112359174A (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-02-12 | 通裕重工股份有限公司 | Heat treatment method for forge piece |
| CN112646970A (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-04-13 | 内蒙古北方重工业集团有限公司 | Deformation-preventing tempering method for high-strength and high-toughness steel long step shaft |
| CN113564472A (en) * | 2021-07-21 | 2021-10-29 | 通裕重工股份有限公司 | Whole-circular-ring magnetic yoke forging and tempering process thereof |
| CN114657341A (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2022-06-24 | 西华大学 | Quenching equipment and method for engine crankshaft of hydrogen energy hybrid commercial vehicle |
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| CN1287183A (en) * | 2000-07-12 | 2001-03-14 | 董元宇 | Bearing steel suitable for the working condition of heavy load and great shock and its heat treatment process |
| CN1540004A (en) * | 2003-11-03 | 2004-10-27 | 中国重型汽车集团有限公司 | Therma processing method for crankshaft of high-power engine |
| CN101445867A (en) * | 2008-12-25 | 2009-06-03 | 中国北车集团大连机车车辆有限公司 | Heat treatment method for high-power locomotive diesel engine crankshafts |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1287183A (en) * | 2000-07-12 | 2001-03-14 | 董元宇 | Bearing steel suitable for the working condition of heavy load and great shock and its heat treatment process |
| CN1540004A (en) * | 2003-11-03 | 2004-10-27 | 中国重型汽车集团有限公司 | Therma processing method for crankshaft of high-power engine |
| CN101445867A (en) * | 2008-12-25 | 2009-06-03 | 中国北车集团大连机车车辆有限公司 | Heat treatment method for high-power locomotive diesel engine crankshafts |
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| CN102703668A (en) * | 2012-06-06 | 2012-10-03 | 张家港海陆重型锻压有限公司 | Seal head blank production process |
| CN102703668B (en) * | 2012-06-06 | 2013-07-10 | 张家港海陆重型锻压有限公司 | Seal head blank production process |
| CN102989953A (en) * | 2012-08-22 | 2013-03-27 | 昌利锻造有限公司 | Forging method of automotive eccentric shaft |
| CN102952926A (en) * | 2012-10-24 | 2013-03-06 | 荣成锻压机床有限公司 | Thermal refining method of press eccentric body made from 35CrMo |
| CN103103333A (en) * | 2013-01-28 | 2013-05-15 | 临沂业隆通用机械有限公司 | Intermediate frequency quenching and tempering heat treatment process and special equipment for pin shaft |
| CN103103333B (en) * | 2013-01-28 | 2014-06-25 | 临沂业隆通用机械有限公司 | Intermediate frequency quenching and tempering heat treatment process and special equipment for pin shaft |
| CN104531974A (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2015-04-22 | 中国第一重型机械股份公司 | Large forging quenching heat treatment process |
| CN104480265A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-04-01 | 三明学院 | Fast-marching and controlling quenching tank device and control method thereof |
| CN104480265B (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2016-09-07 | 三明学院 | The hardening pool device quickly propelled and control and control method thereof |
| CN107151726A (en) * | 2016-03-03 | 2017-09-12 | 内蒙古航天红岗机械有限公司 | A kind of integral heat-processing method of major diameter superhigh intensity steel metal shell |
| CN107151726B (en) * | 2016-03-03 | 2019-03-05 | 内蒙古航天红岗机械有限公司 | A kind of integral heat-processing method of major diameter superhigh intensity steel metal shell |
| CN106191389A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2016-12-07 | 上海交通大学 | A kind of two-step method tempering process improving nuclear power heavy forging impact flexibility |
| CN107649834A (en) * | 2017-09-19 | 2018-02-02 | 无锡宏达重工股份有限公司 | A kind of manufacturing process of carbon steel forged shaft peculiar to vessel |
| CN109735763A (en) * | 2018-12-31 | 2019-05-10 | 宝鼎科技股份有限公司 | 25X2H4M ф A steel alloy large-size steam turbine shaft forging and preparation method |
| CN111089151A (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2020-05-01 | 岳西县盛宏工贸有限责任公司 | Anti-fracture chain wheel support structure and forging process thereof |
| CN111099523A (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2020-05-05 | 岳西县盛宏工贸有限责任公司 | Forklift gantry tilt cylinder piston rod end mounting support and forging and pressing process thereof |
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| CN112359174A (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-02-12 | 通裕重工股份有限公司 | Heat treatment method for forge piece |
| CN112646970A (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-04-13 | 内蒙古北方重工业集团有限公司 | Deformation-preventing tempering method for high-strength and high-toughness steel long step shaft |
| CN113564472A (en) * | 2021-07-21 | 2021-10-29 | 通裕重工股份有限公司 | Whole-circular-ring magnetic yoke forging and tempering process thereof |
| CN114657341A (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2022-06-24 | 西华大学 | Quenching equipment and method for engine crankshaft of hydrogen energy hybrid commercial vehicle |
| CN114657341B (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2023-06-20 | 西华大学 | Engine crankshaft quenching equipment and method for hydrogen energy hybrid commercial vehicle |
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Application publication date: 20110706 |