CN102111206A - Communication apparatus and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a communication apparatus and a method which are intended for phase quantization and equal gain precoding in a wireless communication system. The method comprises scaling a phase vector by a receiving device based on a predetermined scaling factor to determine a first lattice point; determining a second lattice point by the receiving device based on the determined first lattice point; and determining a quantized phase vector by the receiving device based on the determined second lattice point and the predetermined scaling factor. Based on the disclosed apparatus and method, signals from different transport nodes do not destructively interfere with each other, and thus the giant diversity gain does not disappear.

Description

Communicator and method

Technical field

The invention relates to a kind of communicating devices and method of being applicable to, particularly relevant for being applicable to that phase place (phase) quantizes and using the apparatus and method that wait the precoding (equal gain precoding) that gains of lattice (lattice).

Background technology

Wireless communication system does not need in the time of can allowing wireless device to connect by the entity circuit.Because wireless communication system closely links to each other with daily life, for the wireless communication system that can support multimedia service, demand increases day by day; Multimedia service comprises: speech, recording, video recording, archives and network download or the like.In order to cater to the demand of wireless communication system and multimedia service, and the effect of improving multimedia service, wireless communication protocol miscellaneous and transmission controlling mechanism develop out.

In wireless communication system, multiple-input and multiple-output (multiple-input and multiple-output, be called for short MIMO) is a kind of intelligent antenna technology, its use a plurality of antennas at transmitting terminal and receiving terminal to improve communication quality.At first, MIMO technique is defined in Point-to-Point Communication System, and its transmitting terminal and receiving terminal all have a plurality of antennas.Yet, present MIMO technique has been extended to and has been used in more complicated situation, for example: space segmentation multiple access (space division multiple access is called for short SDMA) and cooperative communication (cooperative communication).Because the cooperative process between a plurality of terminals (terminal), this expansion may be finished, and wherein, each terminal has single antenna, can be considered as single transmission node or single receiving node (node), form a virtual antenna array (antenna array).

Precoding (precoding) is the scheme that is used to support MIMO technique.In precoding, a plurality of crossfire signals are independently and at the suitable weight (weighting) of each antenna adjustment to be transmitted by transmitting antenna, and the transfer rate (throughput) that makes receiving system receive maximizes.Suppose that transmitting terminal knows complete channel information, precoder (precoder) and decoder (decoder) can be designed as the optimization Several Parameters, for example: least mean-square error (minimum mean square error, MMSE), maximum information speed (information rate) or maximum signal to noise ratio (signal tonoise ration, SNR).

Though code book basis (codebook-based) precoding goes for given bit resolution (bit resolution), obtains optimum efficiency, it must be searched completely to find suitable code word (codeword).In addition, many operating processes are may be too complicated and can't be implemented in the system of reality, need a large amount of memories, or (and) the potential discounted risk of effect that makes.

Below Shuo Ming embodiment can overcome one or more above problems of setting forth.

Summary of the invention

At the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of communication means, be applicable to phase quantization and precoding such as gain such as grade in a wireless communication system, comprise: via a receiving system, according to a set zoom factor, convergent-divergent one phase vectors is to determine one first lattice-site; Via above-mentioned receiving system, above-mentioned first lattice-site according to decision determines one second lattice-site; And,, determine one to quantize phase vectors according to above-mentioned second lattice-site and the above-mentioned set zoom factor of decision via above-mentioned receiving system.

In addition, the invention provides a kind of communicator, be applicable to phase quantization and precoding such as gain such as grade in a wireless communication system, comprising: at least one memory, storage data and instruction; At least one processor, the above-mentioned memory of access, and when above-mentioned processor is carried out above-mentioned instruction, be used for: according to a set zooming parameter, a phase vectors is to determine one first lattice-site; Above-mentioned first lattice-site according to decision determines one second lattice-site; And, determine one to quantize phase vectors according to above-mentioned second lattice-site and the above-mentioned set zooming parameter that determine.

In addition, the invention provides a kind of communication means, be applicable to phase quantization and precoding such as gain such as grade in a wireless communication system, comprising: via a receiving system, according to a set zoom factor, convergent-divergent one phase vectors is to determine one first lattice-site; Via above-mentioned receiving system, above-mentioned first lattice-site according to decision determines one second lattice-site; And,, determine one to quantize phase vectors according to above-mentioned second lattice-site and the above-mentioned set zoom factor of decision via above-mentioned receiving system; Via above-mentioned receiving system, calculate a scalar values that is applicable to above-mentioned first lattice-site; Via above-mentioned receiving system, according to the above-mentioned scalar values of calculating, changing above-mentioned quantification phase vectors becomes a bit stream; And, transmit above-mentioned bit and flow to an emitter via above-mentioned receiving system.

In addition, the invention provides a kind of communicator, be applicable to phase quantization and precoding such as gain such as grade in a wireless communication system, comprising: at least one memory, storage data and instruction; At least one processor, the above-mentioned memory of access, and when above-mentioned processor is carried out above-mentioned instruction, be used for: according to a set zooming parameter, convergent-divergent one phase vectors is to determine one first lattice-site; Above-mentioned first lattice-site according to decision determines one second lattice-site; According to above-mentioned second lattice-site and the above-mentioned set zooming parameter of decision, determine one to quantize phase vectors; Calculating is applicable to a scalar values of above-mentioned first lattice-site; According to the above-mentioned scalar values of calculating, changing above-mentioned quantification phase vectors becomes a bit stream; And transmit above-mentioned bit and flow to an emitter.

Method and apparatus disclosed herein can be used to allow from the signal of different transmission nodes destruction interference mutually not, and the nasolabial groove diversity gain is disappeared.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that shows the described multiple input, multiple output wireless communication system of an embodiment;

Fig. 2 a is the schematic diagram that shows the described base station of an embodiment;

Fig. 2 b is the schematic diagram that shows the described base station of an embodiment;

Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram that shows that the described multiple input, multiple output wireless communication system of an embodiment receives and transmits;

Fig. 4 is the flow chart that shows the algorithm of described user of an embodiment and precoder selection;

Fig. 5 is the flow chart that shows the algorithm of an embodiment described position conversion;

Fig. 6 a is the schematic diagram that shows that the described two-dimensional phase of an embodiment quantizes;

Fig. 6 b is the schematic diagram that shows that the described two-dimensional phase of an embodiment quantizes;

Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram that shows the described phase quantization of an embodiment;

Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram that shows the described phase quantization of an embodiment;

Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram that shows the described phase quantization of an embodiment;

Figure 10 is the schematic diagram that shows the described phase quantization of an embodiment;

Figure 11 is the flow chart that shows the algorithm of described user of an embodiment and precoder selection.

[main element symbol description]

100～wireless communication system;

110a～serving BS;

110b, 110c～neighbor base station;

120～receiving system;

111,121～central processing unit;

112,122～random access memory;

113,123～read-only memory;

114,124～memory device;

115,125～database;

116,126～input/output terminal;

117,127～user interface;

118,128～antenna;

300～wait the gain precoder;

400,500,1100～flow chart;

700,800,900,1000～matrix.

Embodiment

For making the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and with reference to accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in more detail.

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that shows the described multiple input, multiple output wireless communication system 100 of an embodiment.In one embodiment, wireless communication system 100 shown in Figure 1 is according to for example: global microwave intercommunication access (the worldwide interoperability for microwave access that is promoted by WiMax Forum, hereinafter to be referred as WiMAX) system, and be based upon the standard of IEEE 802.16 classification and technical.In another embodiment, wireless communication system 100 shown in Figure 1 is according to for example: the standard and the technology of 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) classification.

In certain embodiments, wireless communication system 100 can be the system of transmitting terminal cooperative communication more than (multi-transmitter collaborative communication system), has single emitter, and a plurality of antenna element.In other embodiments, wireless communication system 100 can be the system of transmitting terminal cooperative communication more than, has one group of emitter, cooperation running each other.In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, wireless communication system 100 is multi-user (multi-user, be called for short MU) multiple input, multiple output wireless communication system 100, wherein downstream signal (downlink signal) is sent to one or more receiving systems by a plurality of emitters.Embodiment shown in Figure 1 can be called a cooperation multiple-input and multiple-output (collaborative multiple-input multiple-output is called for short CO-MIMO) wireless communication system.

As shown in Figure 1, wireless communication system 100 can comprise one or more emitters, be called base station (base station, be called for short BS) 110, for example: serving BS 110a, neighbor base station 110b, neighbor base station 110c, and one or more receiving systems (receiving device is called for short RD) 120.Base station 110 can be the communicator of any kind of, be used for transmitting or (and) receive data or (and) communicate by letter with one or more receiving systems 120 at wireless communication system 100, these all are known in the art.In certain embodiments, base station 110 also for example can be called: Node B (Node-B), base transceiver system (base transceiver system is called for short BTS), access point (access point) or the like.In other embodiments, base station 110 can be the mobile station (mobile station) of relay station (relay station), via node (intermediate node), relaying (intermediary) or any kind of.In one embodiment, can there be broadcasting or range of receiving in base station 110, and radio communication can be made with one or more receiving systems 120 in base station 110 in this scope.Broadcasting area and energy, position, interference (physics or electronic jamming) is relevant and can change.

Fig. 2 a is the schematic diagram that shows the described base station 110 of an embodiment.Shown in Fig. 2 a, each base station 110 can comprise one or more following elements: at least one central processing unit (central processing unit, be called for short CPU) 111 (being also referred to as processor) at this, be used to carry out the calculator program command, reach various programs and method; Random-access memory (ram) 112 and read-only memory (ROM) 113 is used for access and stored information and calculator program command; Memory 114 is used to store data and information; Database 115 is used to store the data structure of form, tabulation or other kind; Input/output unit (I/O device) 116, user interface 117, antenna 118 or the like.Each element is known in the art, will can again not do introduction more.

Receiving system 120 can be the calculator device of any kind of, be used for the base station 110 wireless transmission of wireless communication system 100 or (and) receive data.Receiving system 120 for example can comprise: and server (server), client (client), desktop PC (desktop computer), mobile computer (laptop computer), network computer (network computer), work station (workstation), personal digital assistant (personal digital assistant, PDA), flat computer (tablet PC), scanner (scanner), telephone device, beeper (pager), camera, music apparatus or the like.In addition, receiving system 120 can comprise one or more wireless sensers (sensor), is arranged in the wireless sensor network, is used to do the communication of central type (centralized) or distributed (distributed).In one embodiment, receiving system 120 can be an action calculation element.In another embodiment, receiving system 120 can operate in the fixedly calculation element under the action environment, and the action environment can be bus, train, aircraft, ship or automobile or the like.

Fig. 2 b is the schematic diagram that shows the described receiving system 120 of an embodiment.Shown in 2b figure, each receiving system 120 can comprise one or more following elements: at least one central processing unit 121 (being also referred to as processor) at this, be used to carry out the calculator program command, and reach various programs and method; Random access memory 122 and read-only memory 123 are used for access and stored information and calculator program command; Memory 124 is used to store data and information; Database 125 is used to store the data structure of form, tabulation or other kind; Input/output unit 126, user interface 127, antenna 128 or the like.Each element is known in the art, will can again not do introduction more.

Fig. 3 shows the described schematic diagram that waits gain precoder (equal gain precoder) 300 of an embodiment.In certain embodiments, wait gain precoder 300 can be used for weighting independently (weight) and transmit signals, so that the maximization of the binding transfer rate of receiving system output from a plurality of crossfires that each transmits antenna.In the embodiment shown in fig. 3, (for example: when base station 110) knowing complete channel information, precoder and decoder can be designed to the optimization Several Parameters jointly, for example: least mean-square error, maximum information speed, or maximum signal to noise ratio when transmitting terminal.Deng one or more elements of gain precoder 300, can be included in one or more base stations 110 or (and) among the receiving system 120.

(for example: one or more base stations 110), wait gain precoder 300 can comprise Nt transmitting antenna, above-mentioned transmitting antenna can be included among one or more base stations 110 on transmitting terminal.As shown in Figure 3, be applicable to that of precoding transmits symbol, can be sent to each N _tIndividual branch (for example: branch (1), branch (2) ..., (the N of branch _t)), each corresponding transmitting antenna of each branch.In certain embodiments, transmitting symbol can be carrier wave (carrier) quantity that is equal to fourier transform size (the size of a Fourier transform), can be by data carrier (data carrier), guiding carrier wave (pilot carrier), zero carrier (null carrier) or the like construction.In certain embodiments, transmitting symbol can be according to digital modulation schemes modulation (modulate), for example: Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (quadrature phase-key shifting is called for short QPSK), orthogonal amplitude modulating and changing (quadrature amplitude modulation) (for example: 16-QAM, 64-QAM, 128-QAM, 256-QAM or the like) or the like.

At N _tThe transmission symbol of each branch can multiply by a different phase place rotation (phase rotation) in the individual branch, and is according to equation 1, as follows:

Equation 1:

$e^{j{\mathrm{\θ}}_1}/\sqrt{N_t},...,e^{j{\mathrm{\θ}}_t}/\sqrt{N_t},$ Wherein

Parameter

Represent phasor (phasor);

Parameter θ represents phase place;

Parameter N _tRepresentative antennas quantity; And

T represents the index (index) of transmitting antenna.

Respectively to transmit symbol and keep same total transmitting power in order to allow, phasor can divided by

Shown in equation 1.Phase theta can by receiving terminal (for example: receiving system 120) receive, and through one according to the feedback information (feedback message) of estimating channel situation.After precoding, a symbolic vector s (s=(s ₁, s ₂, s ₃)) being sent to one or more receiving systems 120 from one or more base stations 110, it can determine according to equation 2, and is as follows:

Equation 2:

$s=\frac{1}{\sqrt{N_t}}\mathrm{px},$ Wherein

Parameter p is represented a N _t* 1 vector is defined as

Parameter N _tRepresentative antennas quantity;

The parameter x representative transmits symbol; And

Parametric t is represented the index of transmitting antenna.

Receiving terminal (for example: one or more receiving systems 120), receiving symbol r can be by equation 3 decision, and is as follows:

Equation 3:

R=h ^TS+n, wherein

Parameter h represents a N _t* 1 channel vector is made up of channel parameter, is defined as $h={(h_1{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="h"\; filenames="HSA00000407942400091.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">h</figure-callout>}}_2...h_{N_t})}^T;$

Parameter N _tRepresentative antennas quantity;

The symbolic vector that the parameter s representative transmits;

Parameter n represents the noise scale; And

Parametric t is represented the index of transmitting antenna.

In the embodiments of figure 3, can at first to multiply by the passage vector of conjugation (be h to the symbol r of reception ^*).Come again, can multiply by opposite phases rotation (for example:

), to obtain scale z.More than Cao Zuo mathematical expression is equation 4, and is as follows:

Equation 4:

Z=p ^ψh ^*R, wherein

Parameter p ^ψRepresent the vectorial p behind the conjugate transpose;

Parameter h ^*Represent the passage vector of conjugation; And

The symbol that parameter r representative receives.

Utilize equation 1, equation 3 and equation 4, the relation of parameter x and parameter z can be write as equation 5, and is as follows:

Equation 5:

$z=\frac{1}{\sqrt{N_t}}{p}^{\mathrm{\&psi;}}{h}^{*}{h}^{\mathrm{\&psi;}}\mathrm{px}+p^{\mathrm{\&psi;}}{h}^{*}r,$ Wherein

Parameter p ^ψh ^*h ^ψPx is exactly γ, promptly comprises the gain effect after diversity gain and the Xie Code gain in advance;

Parameter p ^ψh ^*R is through the noise after the decoding;

Parameter p is represented a N _t* 1 vector is defined as

Parameter N _tRepresentative antennas quantity; And

Parameter h represents a N _t* 1 channel vector is made up of channel parameter, is defined as $h={(h_1{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="h"\; filenames="HSA00000407942400091.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">h</figure-callout>}}_2...h_{N_t})}^T.$

Roughly, lattice-site (lattice point) (for example: codeword vector) can produce according to equation 6, as follows:

Equation 6:

w _i=Tu _i, wherein

Parameter T represents the lattice matrix of m * n, and m is more than or equal to n; And

Parameters u _iEqual 0, ± 1, ± 2......

Lattice quantizes (lattice quantization) can be used for looking for the lattice-site of the most approaching given vectorial w, according to equation 7, as follows:

Equation 7:

$\hat{w}=\arg \underset{w_i}{\min }{\left|\right|w_i-w\left|\right|}^2,$ Wherein

Parameter

Represent the most suitable lattice-site of given vectorial w; And

Parameter w _iRepresent lattice-site.

Because the rule structure of lattice does not need to carry out thorough search to find the most suitable lattice-site again.The substitute is, the algorithm of equation 7 is called fast algorithm (fast algorithm) again, can be used for picking out the most suitable lattice-site In such embodiments, with deciding the most suitable lattice-site

Calculating reduce, therefore reduced assessing the cost and potential decoding.In addition, because do not need to use extra memory to store code book, lattice quantizes to improve the memory use of the system with a large amount of code words, because the lattice code word can produce in real time.

For example, equation 6 that is used in and equation 7 can be found out the most suitable lattice-site

Corresponding u _iAlso can calculate according to equation 8, as follows:

Equation 8:

${\hat{u}}_i=T^{\mathrm{inv}}\hat{w},$ Wherein

Parameter T ^InvThe vacation that is matrix T be inverted (pseudo inverse); And

Parameters u _iEqual 0, ± 1, ± 2......

In the present embodiment,

Can by receiving terminal (for example: receiving system 120) be sent to transmitting terminal (for example: base station 110), via one or more feedback informations.Transmitting terminal (for example: base station 110) can take turns user's formula 6 to obtain corresponding code word.

Fig. 4 shows the described flow chart 400 of an embodiment, at a wireless communication system (for example: the phase quantization wireless communication system 100) (phase quantization) illustrates.Specifically, Fig. 4 illustrates an embodiment, and its medium gain precoder 300 is carried out lattice convergent-divergent (lattice scaling) and phase quantization.In disclosed embodiment, convergent-divergent can be used for reaching different quantization (quantization bit).For a phase quantizer (qunatizer), phase place can be quantized interval [π ,-π].

As shown in Figure 4, phase vectors Θ equals (θ ₁θ ₂... θ _n), can scaled (step 410).In certain embodiments, a set zoom factor α can use, and is used to allow the scaled factor alpha convergent-divergent of phase vectors Θ, and promptly lattice-site w equals Θ/α.Therefore, peaked | Θ/α | less than parameter c, the parameter c here is that integer or integer add 1/2 either-or, to produce a lattice-site w.Decision zoom factor α can be according to one or more rule, as the detailed description of ensuing Fig. 7, Fig. 8 and Fig. 9.

Utilize lattice-site w, can determine the most suitable lattice-site

(step 420), in certain embodiments, the fast algorithm of equation 7 can be used for obtaining the most suitable lattice-site

That is

Thus, the phase vectors of quantification can determine (step 430).In certain embodiments, the phase vectors of quantification can obtain (promptly by separating convergent-divergent (de-scaling)

).Then, the phase vectors of quantification can convert bit stream (bit stream) (step 440) to.Bit stream can be stored by receiving system 120, or (and) send base station 110 by receiving system 120 to via one or more feedback informations.

The 5th is to show the described flow chart 500 of an embodiment, illustrates that (for example: the phase vectors that the conversion wireless communication system 100) quantizes becomes bit stream at a wireless communication system.Specifically, need not set up look-up table (look-up table) for lattice-site w, among the embodiment of Fig. 5 explanation, the phase vectors of quantification converts bit stream to, is applicable to that digital feedback (digital feedback) and the step 440 of Fig. 4 are associated.

A given lattice-site w equals [w ₁, w ₂..., w _n], corresponding scalar values S can calculate (step 510).In certain embodiments, corresponding scalar values S can calculate according to equation 9, and is as follows:

Equation 9:

$S=\mathrm{fix}\left[\frac{(w_i+c)\mathrm{mod}\left(2c\right)}{2}\right]+\underset{i=2}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\left\{\frac{{\left(2c\right)}^{i-1}}{2}\right[(w_i+c)\mathrm{mod}\left(2c\right)\left]\right\}$ Wherein,

Parameter w _iRepresent lattice-site;

Parameter n represents the noise scale; And

Parameter c is represented an integer.

In equation 9, function f ix[x] parameter x can be gone to 0 direction and look for immediate integer.The scalar values S that calculates can convert a bit stream (step 520) to.For example, a given lattice-site w equals that { 4,2} is at a lattice D ₂In, parameter c equals 4, via above condition, just can calculate formula S=fix{ (0/2)+4 * [(2+4) mod 8] }=24.Conversion S equals 24, and to become binary form be 11000.Binary data 11000 can be received device 120 storages, or is sent to one or more receiving systems 110 by receiving system 120.

In certain embodiments, changing a bit stream becomes corresponding lattice-site w, can use following algorithm routine code:

R＝S；

k＝n；

x＝zeros(1，n)；

for?j＝1:(n-1)；

x _k＝floor(R/[0.5*(2c) ^k-1])；

R＝remainder(R/[0.5*(2c) ^k-1])；

k＝k-1；

end

if(sum(x)is?even)

x ₁＝(2*R)；

else

x ₁＝(2*R)+1；

end

From above algorithm routine code, lattice-site w can be write as formula w _i=x _i-c, form, equal 1,2,3 at this i ..., n.For example, a given lattice D ₂, parameter c equals 2, receives bit stream 11010, and its metric numerical value S equals 26.From for circulation, can determine x2, x3} equal 1,3}, and R equals 0.Since function sum (x) is an even number (is x ₂+ x ₃=4), according to formula x ₁=(2*R)=0, can calculate x ₁Value.At last, lattice-site w can be according to formula w _i=x _i-c calculates, and therefore, can obtain formula w ₁=0-2=-2, w ₂=1-2=-1, w ₃=3-2=1.Therefore, in this example, lattice-site w equal 2 ,-1,1}.

Fig. 6 a and Fig. 6 b illustrate respectively and use lattice D ₂Two dimension (two-dimensional) phase quantization.At lattice D ₂In, hollow and solid round dot is represented lattice-site, all Nuo Shi (Voronoi) zone of the corresponding lattice-site of solid line square representative, and big dashed square is represented quantization areas.Embodiment of Fig. 6 a explanation applies mechanically set zoom factor α, and embodiment of Fig. 6 b explanation does not apply mechanically set zoom factor α.

Mentioning Fig. 6 a can find, quantization areas has covered 41 lattice-sites, the corresponding code word of each lattice-site, lattice-site on the edge (that is the lattice-site outside the big dashed square), have at least a coordinate be not+π is exactly-π (for example: (0-π), (0 π), (π 0), (π 0)).Suppose that zoom factor α equals α ₁, also equal π/4, utilize character π=-π, the lattice-site on the edge can point to identical code word.Therefore, the lattice-site with repetition code word can be eliminated, and does not influence the effect of disclosed embodiment.

For example, in Fig. 6 a, lattice-site w _i ^TEqual (4 α, 2 α), gain such as correspondence pre-encoding codeword p ^tEqual (e ^{-j π}e ^{The j pi/2}).Similarly, lattice-site w _i ^TEqual (4 α, 2 α), gain pre-encoding codeword p such as correspond to ^TEqual (e ^{J π}e ^{The j pi/2}), the above both identical in fact.Because the lattice-site among Fig. 6 unrolls (wrap around), lattice-site w _i ^TEqual (4 α, 2 α) and lattice-site w _i ^TEqualing (4 α, 2 α) in fact overlaps.Therefore, 9 hollow round dots can be deleted, and the number of codewords M that Fig. 6 a needs equals 32, and the quantity B of corresponding total quantization position is as relational expression B=log ₂M=5.At last, because all Nuo Shi zone of 32 code words of result is clocklike, a given phase vectors in quantization areas, the fast algorithm of equation 7 can be applied mechanically, and finds out the most suitable code word.

Method as described in Figure 4, an example is used the lattice D of Fig. 6 a ₂, the phase vectors Θ that establishes 2x1 equals

Use lattice D ₂Quantize.In this example, set zoom factor α can be set at π/4, and corresponding parameter c equals 4.At first, as above discussion about Fig. 4 step 410, phase vectors Θ can (be w=Θ/α), lattice-site w is equaled divided by zoom factor α Then, as the discussion about Fig. 4 step 420, the algorithm in the equation 7 can be applied mechanically (promptly

The most suitable feasible lattice-site

Equal (42).At last, as discussion, separate convergent-divergent and can carry out, as relational expression about Fig. 4 step 430

(i.e. (π/4) (42)).Therefore, use lattice D ₂The quantification phase vectors, when applying mechanically set zoom factor α, have relational expression

Consult Fig. 6 b, because embodiment of Fig. 6 b explanation does not make suitable convergent-divergent, and zoom factor α equals α ₂, and relational expression π/4＜α is arranged ₂＜2 π/7.Similar with Fig. 6 a, the quantization areas of Fig. 6 b also has 41 lattice-sites, corresponding 41 all Nuo Shi zones.Yet opposite with Fig. 6 a, point to identical code word without any one in 41 lattice-sites.Therefore, aforesaid unrolling can't be applied mechanically situation so far.Also therefore, the number of codewords N that does not unroll equals 41.As from the foregoing, unsuitable convergent-divergent may cause increasing quantization.In Fig. 6 b, code word is dwindled ratio (codeword reduction ratio) r can be defined as relational expression

The effect that can represent zoom factor α.In Fig. 6 b, code word is dwindled ratio r and is equaled 9/32.

Since all Nuo Shi zone of 16 of outermost lattice-sites can be less relatively among the corresponding diagram 6b, 16 lattice-sites removing outermost can cause the zone to the irregular all Nuo Shi of the lattice-site of inferior periphery.Therefore, extra computation complexity needs, and to handle the phase vectors about inferior peripheral lattice-site, therefore, equation 2 can't be applied mechanically to above-mentioned phase vectors.For fear of inefficient quantization, or (and) about the extra computation amount of inappropriate convergent-divergent, preferably determine a zoom factor α, the lattice-site on the edge can be removed, and equation 2 promptly can be applied mechanically to other lattice-site.

Fig. 7, Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 explanation is applicable to various phase quantizer (lattice D just _n, lattice D _n ^*With lattice E ₈) zoom factor α.In the embodiment of Fig. 7, Fig. 8 and Fig. 9, the zoom factor α of the example efficient number of codewords M that can lead, and the lattice-site on its edge points to same code word.In addition, Fig. 7, Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 illustrate the corresponding number of codewords M that derives separately, and it is applicable to the zoom factor α of example, and the direct correlation quantization.Fig. 7, Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 illustrate and use suitable zoom factor α that the quantization B of integer can reach.Further say, the zoom factor α of usage example, the fast algorithm in the equation 7 can be used to quantize phase vectors.Therefore, because all Nuo Shi zone of causing is regular, need not to increase again extra amount of calculation (or only needing a small amount of) and remove to handle the lattice-site on the edge.

Fig. 7 shows the described matrix 700 of an embodiment, and the method for decision zoom factor α is described.That is, Fig. 7 illustrates an embodiment, wherein determines a zoom factor α, the fast algorithm in the equation 7 can be applied mechanically to all lattice code words, so result code number of words M can be more efficient in the process of phase quantization.As shown in Figure 7, matrix 700 is lattice D _nOne of convergent-divergent produces matrix (generation matrix), lattice D _nDefinitional relation D _n={ (w ₁w ₂... w _n) ∈ Z _n: w ₁+ w ₂+ ...+w _nBe even number }.In Fig. 7, to lattice D _nThe determinant result of matrix T be 2 α ⁿ

When phase quantization, to lattice D _nZoom factor α can be made as relational expression α=π/c, the parameter c here is an integer.When zoom factor α was made as π/c, the code word on one group of edge can be pointed to same code word, and the quick calculation in the equation 7 can be applied mechanically to all lattice code words, makes that result code number of words M can be more efficient in the process of phase quantization.Just, lattice D _nCan be by selection Z alternately _nPoint and obtain, and obtain the point of selection.Therefore, lattice D _nCan have a result code number of words M in quantization areas, wherein result code number of words M equals (2c) ⁿ/ 2.With parameter c=π/α substitution, result code number of words M can be obtained by equation 10, and is as follows:

Equation 10:

$M={\left(\frac{\mathrm{\&pi;}}{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}\right)}^n{2}^{n+1}$

User's formula 10 is when parameter c equals 2 ^k, be an integer at this k, and k is more than or equal to 0, quantization B is an integer, and B equals log ₂M.In the present embodiment, lattice D ₂Can quantize (two-dimensional scalar quantization) (lattice Z just with two-dimentional scale ₂) congruence.Use suitable zoom factor α at lattice D ₂With lattice Z ₂On, can reach the different bit resolutions (bit resolution) that are applicable to above-mentioned two lattices.For example, at lattice Z ₂In, quantization can be that (just, quantization B is an even number, but for lattice D for the multiple of n ₂, be even number when parameter c equals π/α, quantization B is an odd number).Therefore, use lattice D together ₂And Z ₂, can reach the bit resolution of wider scope.

Fig. 8 shows the described matrix 800 of an embodiment, and the method for decision zoom factor α is described.Fig. 8 illustrates an embodiment, wherein determines a zoom factor α, and the fast algorithm in the equation 7 can be applied mechanically to all lattice code words, and result code number of words M can be more efficient in the process of phase quantization.As shown in Figure 8, matrix 800 is lattice D _n ^*One of convergent-divergent produces matrix, dual lattice D _n ^*Be defined as n dimension (n-dimensional) integer lattice Z _nThe combination of point, and lattice Z _nTranslate (translation) via vector (1/21/2...1/2), just

In Fig. 8, the determinant of matrix 800 is 0.5 α ⁿ, and be applicable to lattice D _n ^*The relational expression of zoom factor α be α=π/c, parameter c is an integer, or integer adds 1/2.Zoom factor α=π/c is arranged, and the code word on the edge can be pointed to identical code word, can be calculated by equation 10 at the corresponding number of codewords M of quantization areas.

Fig. 9 shows the described matrix 900 of an embodiment, and the method for decision zoom factor α is described.Just, Fig. 7 illustrates an embodiment, wherein determines a zoom factor α, the fast algorithm in the equation 7 can be applied mechanically to all lattice code words, so result code number of words M can be more efficient in the process of phase quantization.As shown in Figure 9, matrix 00 is lattice E ₈One of convergent-divergent produces matrix, lattice E ₈Definitional relation

E ₈={ (w ₁w ₂... w ₈) ∈ Z ₈Or Z ₈+ 1:w ₁+ w ₂+ ...+w ₈Be even number }.

In Fig. 9, the determinant of matrix 800 is 1, and is applicable to lattice E ₈The relational expression of zoom factor α be α=π/c, parameter c is an integer, or integer adds 1/2.Zoom factor α=π/c is arranged, and the code word on the edge can be pointed to identical code word, can be calculated by equation 10 at the corresponding number of codewords M of quantization areas.Relational expression just

When parameter c equals 2 ^k, be an integer at this k, and k is more than or equal to 0, the quantization B among Fig. 9 embodiment can be an integer.Yet, importantly, even parameter c also can be to lattice E ₈An integer add 1/2, the lattice-site that can remove with the character of unrolling when parameter c is integer, is that integer can be more efficient when adding 1/2 than parameter c.Just, when parameter c is an integer when adding 1/2, lattice E ₈An element, lattice-site w _iEqual+c, vector is via allowing w _iEqual-c and forming, other element is then constant, can not become lattice E ₈A lattice-site.For example, when parameter c equals 3/2, and lattice E ₈The lattice-site of a convergent-divergent be

First element be multiply by-1, just

Making lattice-site can not be lattice E again ₈A lattice-site.Therefore, when parameter c is integer when adding 1/2, when being integer than parameter c, the lattice-site quantity that can remove still less.

In certain embodiments, desire is carried out dimension conversion (dimension transformation), just from low dimension matrix conversion to high-dimensional matrix, or (and) from high-dimensional matrix conversion to low dimension matrix, so zoom factor α can utilize the fast algorithm decision of program 7.Result code number of words M can be more efficient in the process of phase quantization.

Roughly, carry out the dimension conversion, can obtain lattice-site at a lattice.In the embodiment of Figure 10, lattice-site can obtain by the column space (column space) of scanning (scan) matrix T, and this matrix T is that one of this lattice produces matrix, and the size of this lattice is m * n, and m herein is greater than n.Because the order of matrix T (rank) is n, singular value decomposition (singular value decomposition is called for short SVD) can be overlapped and be used matrix T, and is according to equation 11, as follows:

Equation 11:

$T=\left(U_0{U}_1\right)\left(\frac{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}{0_{(m-n)\&times;n}}\right)v^T={\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="U"\; filenames="HSA00000407942400081.png,HSA00000407942400091.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">U</figure-callout>}}_0\mathrm{\&Sigma;}{V}^T,$ Wherein

Parameter U ₀It is the matrix of a m * n size; And

The parameter ∑ is the diagonal matrix (diagonal matrix) of a n * n size, is made up of n singular value of matrix T.

Apply mechanically equation 6, as previously disclosed, as the high-dimensional code word w of result _iMultiply by matrix

Low dimension coding v _iCan be write as relational expression

Therefore, low dimension code word can be converted into the high-dimensional code word of self, applies mechanically equation 12, and is as follows:

Equation 12:

w _i＝U ₀v _i

Figure 10 shows the described matrix 1000 of an embodiment, and a kind of method of dimension conversion is described.Figure 10 illustrates an embodiment, carries out the dimension conversion, just from low dimension matrix conversion to high-dimensional matrix, or (and) from high-dimensional matrix conversion to low dimension matrix, so zoom factor α can utilize the fast algorithm decision of program 7.Result code number of words M can be more efficient in the process of phase quantization.As shown in figure 10, matrix 1000 is lattice A of convergent-divergent ₂One produce matrix, be defined as relational expression A at this lattice A2 ₂={ (w ₀, w ₁, w ₂) ∈ Z ₃: w ₀+ w ₁+ w ₂=0}.

In the embodiment of Figure 10 explanation, since lattice A ₂Three elements are arranged, and these elements only provide the information of practicality to two-dimensions, and just n equals 2.Therefore, in order to reach better effect, change lattice A ₂Phase vectors become high-dimensional matrix.After the most suitable code word found, code word can be converted back to low dimension matrix as a result.

For example, lattice A ₂Can change, its method is to ignore zoom factor α, and at lattice A ₂Last execution singular value decomposition, the result can be with matrix U ₀Present, just relational expression $U_{}$ ${}_0={\left(\frac{\begin{array}{ccc}\frac{-1}{\sqrt{6}}& \frac{2}{\sqrt{6}}& \frac{-1}{\sqrt{6}}\end{array}}{\begin{array}{ccc}\frac{-1}{\sqrt{2}}& 0& \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\end{array}}\right)}^T.$

Next, to lattice A ₂Transition matrix Q can normalization (normalized), therefore when zoom factor α equals 1, beeline is 1 between the two-dimensional crystal lattice point that is close to.Therefore, for example as vectorial u ₀Equal (0 0 0) ^T, and vectorial u ₁Equal (0 0 1) ^TThe time, zoom factor α equals 1, at lattice-site QTu ₀With lattice-site QTu ₁Between distance be 1.Can pass through will

Divided by

Reach, just relational expression

As vectorial u _iElement be 0 and during ± 1 combination, lattice-site QTu _iTo produce 7 lattice-sites, cause hexagonal lattice.In order to convert code word to high-dimensional code word by low dimension code word, the vacation that low dimension code word can multiply by matrix Q be inverted matrix, just relational expression $Q=\sqrt{2}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="U"\; filenames="HSA00000407942400081.png,HSA00000407942400091.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">U</figure-callout>}}_0=\left(\frac{\begin{array}{ccc}\frac{-1}{\sqrt{3}}& \frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}& \frac{-1}{\sqrt{3}}\end{array}}{\begin{array}{ccc}-1& 0& 1\end{array}}\right).$

To lattice A ₂, two elements are all arranged at each low dimension lattice-site.Since about being all the lattice-site of 0 (all-zero), hexagonal lattice is asymmetric, lattice A ₂The edge on lattice-site will only have an element, its value is ± π, no matter whether zoom factor α is arranged, all can cause inefficient number of codewords.Therefore, to lattice A ₂, add the fit value that finds a zoom factor α, can quantize to cause the lattice-site on the edge to possess efficient number of codewords by excute phase.

Figure 11 shows the described flow chart 1100 of an embodiment, and the phase quantization in wireless communication system is described.Specifically, Figure 11 illustrates an embodiment, and its medium gain pre-decode device 300 at a lattice (for example: lattice A ₂) go up and carry out lattice convergent-divergent and phase quantization.In disclosed embodiment, convergent-divergent can be used to reach different quantization.For a phase quantizer (qunatizer), phase place can be quantized interval [π ,-π].

As shown in figure 11, to specific zoom factor α, adjacent two the lattice-site QTu of each in quantization areas _iMaximum can determine (step 1110).And the maximum of i element can be expressed as θ _{I, max}, and have relational expression | θ _{I, max}|≤π.Get back to the matrix T among Figure 10, when zoom factor α equals π, lattice-site QTu ₁Maximum be θ _{1, max}Equal 0.866 π, and lattice-site QTu ₂Maximum be θ _{2, max}Equal π.In certain embodiments, this maximum can be by in 7 code words of quantization areas and obtain.

Then, phase vectors Θ can convergent-divergent, converts high-dimensional matrix (step 1120) again to.In certain embodiments, to lattice A ₂Convergent-divergent and the conversion can carry out according to equation 13, as follows:

Equation 13:

w＝Q ^invΘ/α

The most suitable lattice-site

Can be via using lattice-site w to obtain (step 1130).In certain embodiments, the fast algorithm of equation 7 can use, to obtain the most suitable lattice-site

Relational expression just

Thus, can obtain the phase vectors (step 1140) of quantification.In certain embodiments, the phase vectors of quantification can be via separating convergent-divergent and conversion (just,

) obtain.If result element

In any one reaches corresponding maximum

This element can be replaced by π.Use this alastrim plate (ceiling-like) program, the lattice-site on the more polygon edge can be arranged, cause more efficient number of codewords.

Then, the phase vectors of quantification can be converted to bit stream (step 1150).In certain embodiments, the phase vectors of quantification can convert bit stream to as the explanation about Fig. 5.Above-mentioned bit stream can be stored by receiving system 120, or (and) through one or more feedback informations, be sent to base station 110 from receiving system 120.

Though disclosed here embodiment is standard and the technology of 3GPP, these embodiment can be applied in the wireless communication system that uses IEEE 802.16 standards and technology.For example, above embodiment can use in the wireless communication system of WiMAX, and WiMAX is promoted by WiMax Forum, and is based upon on the standard and technology of IEEE 802.16.

Method and apparatus disclosed herein can be used to allow from the signal of different transmission nodes destruction interference mutually not, and nasolabial groove diversity gain (macro-diversity gain) is disappeared.In addition, method and apparatus disclosed herein can reduce assessing the cost, particularly about the assessing the cost of how thorough method for searching, and the amount that reduces reponse system expense (feedback overhead).In this scheme, disclosed embodiment can reduce signal processing time, and improves data traffic, and this data traffic is to transmit about the signal in various wireless networks.Similar, about the method and apparatus of describing in the disclosed embodiment, can be used to operate in any conveyer or (and) receiving system.

For knowing those skilled in the art scholar, clearly, various modifications and variations can be embodied among the above-mentioned system and method, as long as these modifications and variations can be accepted by telecommunication network.Above embodiment is only by as for example, and the claim of real protection illustrates it by above claim.

Above-described specific embodiment; purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect are further described; institute is understood that; the above only is specific embodiments of the invention; be not limited to the present invention; within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of being made, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (15)

1. a communication means is applicable to phase quantization and precoding such as gain such as grade in a wireless communication system, comprising:

According to a set zoom factor, via a receiving system, convergent-divergent one phase vectors is to determine one first lattice-site;

According to above-mentioned first lattice-site,, determine one second lattice-site via above-mentioned receiving system; And

According to above-mentioned second lattice-site and the above-mentioned set zoom factor of decision,, determine one to quantize phase vectors via above-mentioned receiving system.

2. communication means according to claim 1 also comprises:

Via above-mentioned receiving system, changing above-mentioned quantification phase vectors becomes a bit stream; And

Via above-mentioned receiving system, transmit above-mentioned bit and flow to an emitter.

3. communication means according to claim 2 is wherein changed the step of above-mentioned quantification phase vectors, also comprises:

Via above-mentioned receiving system, obtain a scalar values that is applicable to above-mentioned first lattice-site; And

According to the above-mentioned scalar values that obtains, via above-mentioned receiving system, changing above-mentioned quantification phase vectors becomes above-mentioned bit stream.

4. communication means according to claim 1 also comprises:

Via above-mentioned receiving system, determine one first contiguous lattice-site and one second contiguous lattice-site; And

Via above-mentioned receiving system, determine one first maximum about the above-mentioned first contiguous lattice-site, and about above-mentioned second one second maximum of being close to lattice-site.

5. communication means according to claim 4 wherein determines also to comprise the step of above-mentioned quantification phase vectors:

Separate the above-mentioned phase vectors of convergent-divergent, separate the convergent-divergent phase vectors to produce one; And

When above-mentioned said first maximum or above-mentioned second maximum of separating an element of convergent-divergent phase vectors, the above-mentioned above-mentioned element of separating the convergent-divergent phase vectors is substituted by π greater than decision.

6. a communicator is applicable to phase quantization and precoding such as gain such as grade in a wireless communication system, comprising:

At least one memory is stored a plurality of data and a plurality of instruction;

At least one processor, the above-mentioned memory of access, and when above-mentioned processor is carried out above-mentioned instruction, be used for:

According to a set zooming parameter, convergent-divergent one phase vectors is to determine one first lattice-site;

Above-mentioned first lattice-site according to decision determines one second lattice-site; And

According to above-mentioned second lattice-site and the above-mentioned set zooming parameter of decision, determine one to quantize phase vectors.

7. communicator according to claim 6, wherein above-mentioned processor also is used for:

Change above-mentioned quantification phase vectors and become a bit stream; And

Transmit above-mentioned bit and flow to an emitter.

8. communicator according to claim 7, wherein when above-mentioned processor was used to change above-mentioned quantification phase vectors and becomes above-mentioned bit stream, above-mentioned processor also was used for:

Calculating is applicable to a scalar values of above-mentioned first lattice-site; And

According to the above-mentioned scalar values of calculating, changing above-mentioned quantification phase vectors becomes above-mentioned bit stream.

9. communicator according to claim 6, wherein above-mentioned processor also is used for:

Determine one first contiguous lattice-site and one second contiguous lattice-site; And

Decision is about one first maximum of the above-mentioned first contiguous lattice-site, and about one second maximum of the above-mentioned second contiguous lattice-site.

10. communicator according to claim 9, wherein when above-mentioned processor was used to determine above-mentioned quantification phase vectors, above-mentioned processor also was used for:

Separate the above-mentioned phase vectors of convergent-divergent, separate the convergent-divergent phase vectors to produce one; And

When above-mentioned said first maximum or above-mentioned second maximum of separating an element of convergent-divergent phase vectors, the above-mentioned above-mentioned element of separating the convergent-divergent phase vectors is substituted by π greater than decision.

11. a communication means is applicable to phase quantization and precoding such as gain such as grade in a wireless communication system, comprising:

Via a receiving system, according to a set zoom factor, via a receiving system, convergent-divergent one phase vectors is to determine one first lattice-site;

Above-mentioned first lattice-site according to decision via above-mentioned receiving system, determines one second lattice-site; And

According to above-mentioned second lattice-site and the above-mentioned set zoom factor of decision,, determine one to quantize phase vectors via above-mentioned receiving system;

Via above-mentioned receiving system, calculate a scalar values that is applicable to above-mentioned first lattice-site;

According to the above-mentioned scalar values of calculating, via above-mentioned receiving system, changing above-mentioned quantification phase vectors becomes a bit stream; And

Via above-mentioned receiving system, transmit above-mentioned bit and flow to an emitter.

12. communication means according to claim 11 also comprises:

Via above-mentioned receiving system, determine one first contiguous lattice-site and one second contiguous lattice-site; And

Via above-mentioned receiving system, determine one first maximum about the above-mentioned first contiguous lattice-site, and about above-mentioned second one second maximum of being close to lattice-site.

13. communication means according to claim 12, wherein above-mentioned receiving system determines above-mentioned quantification phase vectors, also comprises:

Separate the above-mentioned phase vectors of convergent-divergent, separate the convergent-divergent phase vectors to produce one; And

When above-mentioned said first maximum or above-mentioned second maximum of separating an element of convergent-divergent phase vectors, the above-mentioned above-mentioned element of separating the convergent-divergent phase vectors is substituted by π greater than decision.

14. a communicator is applicable to phase quantization and precoding such as gain such as grade in a wireless communication system, comprising:

At least one memory is stored a plurality of data and a plurality of instruction;

At least one processor, the above-mentioned memory of access, and when above-mentioned processor is carried out above-mentioned instruction, be used for:

According to a set zooming parameter, convergent-divergent one phase vectors is to determine one first lattice-site;

Above-mentioned first lattice-site according to decision determines one second lattice-site;

According to above-mentioned second lattice-site and the above-mentioned set zooming parameter of decision, determine one to quantize phase vectors;

Calculating is applicable to a scalar values of above-mentioned first lattice-site;

According to the above-mentioned scalar values of calculating, changing above-mentioned quantification phase vectors becomes a bit stream;

And

Transmit above-mentioned bit and flow to an emitter.

15. communicator according to claim 14, wherein when above-mentioned processor was used to determine above-mentioned quantification phase vectors, above-mentioned processor also was used for:

Separate the above-mentioned phase vectors of convergent-divergent, separate the convergent-divergent phase vectors to produce one; And

When above-mentioned said first maximum or above-mentioned second maximum of separating an element of convergent-divergent phase vectors, the above-mentioned above-mentioned element of separating the convergent-divergent phase vectors is substituted by π greater than decision.

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