CN102102533B - Method for forecasting real-time measurement of spatial geometrical information of coal rock dynamic disaster - Google Patents
Method for forecasting real-time measurement of spatial geometrical information of coal rock dynamic disaster Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for forecasting the real-time measurement of spatial geometrical information of a coal rock dynamic disaster, comprising the following steps of: regarding a tunnel or a working surface as an early warning centre, and dividing a monitoring region into different early warning units; carrying out real-time measurement on the early warning unit through a laser three-dimensional scanner to obtain deformation error of the coal rock spatial geometrical information in the early warning unit; transmitting the measurement values of all the early warning units to a computer center and displaying in the graphic form; judging as a high stress danger unit when the measured deformation error is more than the early warning critical value; judging as a high stress increasing unit when the deformation error increasing ratio in the time is more than the critical increasing ratio; and judging as a high stress gradient unit when two or more adjacent early warning units are increased or reduced sharply. The district that the disaster is possible to take place is analyzed according to the early warnings under different situations, much more time is provided so that an operator can withdraw and take necessary measures, and a convenient way is provided for accurately forecasting the coal rock dynamic disaster.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to coal mine safety monitoring and monitoring technique field, especially a kind of method of coming the real-time estimate coal rock dynamic disaster by the continuously uninterrupted accurate measurement coal and rock space geometry change in information of non-contact laser spatial digitizer.
Background technology
Coal rock dynamic disaster is a kind of phenomenon with dynamic effect and disaster consequence that coal and rock takes place under extraneous stress effect at short notice, refers to mainly that coal and gas are given prominence to, bump, top board subsides and surrouding rock deformation etc.The generation main body of coal rock dynamic disaster phenomenon is all kinds of unstable coal petrographys, be its externally physical chemistry and the mechanics comprehensive function under fast deformation fracture, the process that develops rapidly.Notable features such as sudden, instantaneous vibratility and considerable damage that coal rock dynamic disaster has, and along with this phenomenon of continuous expansion of the continuous extension of the depth of excavation and exploitation scale is serious day by day, will cause a large amount of casualtiess and property loss, Mine Safety in Production in serious threat.The coal rock dynamic disaster phenomenon is predicted and effective research of preventing and treating is the important technical that guarantees safe production and increase economic efficiency, and is again the great science difficult problem that domestic and international Mine Safety in Production needs to be resolved hurrily.
At the great demand of Safety of Coal Mine Production to the coal rock dynamic disaster prevention, extensively carried out both at home and abroad the coal rock dynamic disaster Study on Forecast, at present, the main method of coal rock dynamic disaster danger forecasting has static state (index) predicted method and dynamic (continuously) predicted method.The index prediction method comprises coal powder quantity of bore, drilling cuttings multiplying power method, the gas of holing is gushed out initial velocity method, R index method and the drilling cuttings method of aggregative indicator.Because the index prediction method all realizes by holing, and therefore claims boring method again.Static method is drilled and parametric measurement asks and the space that engineering quantity is very big need take operation the time, and the prediction activity duration is also longer, and production is had certain influence, and forecasting institute costs also higher; Poor stability easily brings out dynamic disaster when drilling; The accuracy of static prediction method is lower, is subject to manually reach coal body influence pockety.Coal seam or coal body and the inner gas that contains thereof not are equally distributed, neither be stable.Near predicting the outcome of obtaining boring only is local, can not represent the outburst hazard in the whole prediction step scope fully, the result who constantly obtains in prediction also is static, can not represent the outburst hazard of coal body in stable preceding whole period fully, because coal and rock is among the dynamic change, delaying outstanding is exactly illustration.So regional dynamically continuous positive paid more and more attention of Study on Forecast.
The dynamic prediction method comprises acoustic emission (AE) method, micro-seismic method, infrared radiation method, electromagnetic radiation (EMR) method etc.
Acoustic emission and microseism phenomenon are to be found by U.S. L. Alpert and W.L. Dewar that late 1930s.A large amount of research data show both at home and abroad, the stand under load coal petrography can produce acoustic emission and microseismic signals before deformation failure, each acoustic emission and microseismic signals are all comprising the abundant information of coal petrography internal state change, handle to the received signal, analyze, can be used as the foundation of estimating coal petrography stability.Therefore, can utilize this characteristics of coal petrography acoustic emission and microseism to disclose coal and rock failure mechanism, the stability of engineering coal petrography is monitored, thereby the landslide of forecast coal petrography, roof fall, wall caving, landslide, rock burst and coal and gas such as give prominence at the coal rock dynamic disaster phenomenon.Chinese invention patent " method of realizing micro-seismic monitoring and real-time early warning to mine power disaster (CN 101582191A) " discloses and a kind ofly by microseismic detection mine power disaster has been carried out real-time early warning, ensures the method for mine safety exploitation.Chinese patent " based on the mine motive force disaster monitoring system (ZL 200720187838.1) of acoustic emission " discloses a kind of monitoring system of the mine motive force disaster based on acoustic emission.But during prediction was implemented at the scene, because acoustic emission and microseismic signals generation event very dense, data were handled relatively difficulty, and interfering signal is more and not easily separated, influences treatment effect.The general amount of calculation of wanting 3 to 4 hours at the soonest could be made dangerous report to coal rock dynamic disaster.The retardation of this time has reduced acoustic-emission, the micro-seismic method using value (because coal rock dynamic disaster often all is paroxysmal, delay any time all may mean the loss of life and property) on Mine Safety in Production widely.
It mainly is due to the variation of environment temperature field, tunnel and stress excite that the infrared radiation of coal petrography changes.1985, Luong M.P. at first utilizes thermal imaging to study rock and the thermal infrared radiation phenomenon of concrete in rupture process, professors such as domestic Wu Lixin, Wang Jinzhuan, Liu Shanjun have carried out experimental study to coal petrography pressurized thermal infrared phenomenon and radiation temperature feature, obtain some useful qualitative, quantitative achievements, but in the coal rock dynamic disaster prediction, also do not obtained application in practice.
The nineties in 20th century, professor such as He Xueqiu, Wang Enyuan has furtherd investigate the electromagnetic radiation effect in the lower coal rock deformation rupture process of coal containing methane gas, concrete equal strength, principle and the forecasting procedure of the outstanding and bump of electromagnetic radiation forecasting coal and gas have been proposed, develop KBD5 type and KBD7 moulded coal rock dynamic disaster electromagnetic radiation monitoring instrument, and be applied in the monitoring and prediction of coal rock dynamic disaster danger such as coal and gas are outstanding, bump.Chinese patent " coal rock dynamic disaster electromagnetic radiation monitoring device (CN 25108651) " discloses a kind of coal rock dynamic disaster electromagnetic radiation monitoring device.Chinese patent " real time monitoring forecasting device of coal rock dynamic disaster and forecasting procedure (CN 1619340) " discloses a kind of technology and device of predicting coal rock dynamic disaster by continuous uninterrupted monitoring coal petrography concrete deformation fracture electromagnetic radiation information.Electromagnetic radiation method is the popular direction of Recent study, but in information utilization (excavation of precursor data and utilize the degree of depth), remove environmental disturbances (electromagnetic noise that electromechanical equipment produces) and signal and accurately locate aspects such as (forecasting accuracy and reliabilities) and be still waiting further deeply to inquire into and study.
Coal rock dynamic disaster occurrence cause complexity in addition, influence factor is numerous.Therefore, thoroughly be familiar with and grasp genesis mechanism and the condition of coal rock dynamic disaster, effectively it is carried out prediction and prevent and treat that sizable difficulty is still arranged.Up to the present, its genesis mechanism and influence factor and inner link thereof are not also made clear so far fully, and along with the continuous increase of the depth of excavation and mining rate, the difficulty that causes making a breakthrough aspect basic theory is constantly aggravated.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem: the objective of the invention is to overcome the weak point in the prior art, the Forecasting Methodology of a kind of coal rock dynamic disaster space geometry information accurate measurement is provided, by the real-time analysis of coal and rock space geometry information to scanning, determine fast the deformation extent of coal and rock three-dimensional geometry feature in the monitored area, the trend of destruction, and the influence that may cause pit mining and construction of this trend.
Technical scheme: the Forecasting Methodology that coal rock dynamic disaster space geometry information of the present invention is measured in real time comprises the steps:
The zone that a, at first definite stope need be monitored according to the measurement category of laser 3 d scanner, is divided into a plurality of prewarning unit with the monitored area, and to a plurality of prewarning unit numberings;
B, be not more than in scanning angle of arranged in front of each prewarning unit
Laser 3 d scanner in the scope, the distance of laser 3 d scanner and prewarning unit
=1～10 meters;
C, laser 3 d scanner real-time accurate are measured the D coordinates value of coal and rock space geometry information in each prewarning unit, and the result to scanning stores by down-hole acquisition process substation;
D, in the acquisition process substation of down-hole, set up the three-dimensional Model Measured of coal and rock space geometry information in each prewarning unit; And calculate in scanning
In time the
The average of individual prewarning unit coal and rock space geometry information three-dimensional Model Measured distortion inaccuracy
As
The final measurement of individual prewarning unit is with this foundation as this prewarning unit coal rock dynamic disaster size of evaluation;
F, then the measured value of all prewarning unit
Be transferred to ground-based computer control centre by down-hole acquisition process substation, and show by the prewarning unit numeral order in the mode of figure;
When survey
The distortion inaccuracy of individual prewarning unit
Greater than the early warning threshold
The time, be judged to be heavily stressed dangerous unit;
When
The error of internal strain constantly growth rate
Greater than the borderline increases rate
The time, be judged to be heavily stressed growth unit;
When adjacent two or more prewarning unit distortion inaccuracies present rapid increase or sharply reduce, be judged to be the high stress gradients unit;
When occurring a kind of situation in heavily stressed dangerous unit, the three kinds of situations in heavily stressed growth unit and high stress gradients unit, by ground-based computer control centre early warning with carry out the prevention in advance of disaster; When two kinds of situations occurring in three kinds of situations, the precautionary measures are taked in early warning immediately; When three kinds of situations occurred simultaneously, the people was removed in early warning immediately.
Beneficial effect: the present invention utilize laser 3 d scanner can be in real time, determine coal and rock three-dimensional entity model and space geometry feature in the prewarning unit fast: as the spatial distribution of shape, position, attitude, crackle (distortion, expansion and ftracture), realized noncontact, reached fast prediction in real time, continuously.In conjunction with the overall condition according to surrouding rock stress state DYNAMIC DISTRIBUTION in the scope of the resulting monitored area of criterion, but the real-time possibility that the analysis-by-synthesis mine power disaster takes place is sent forecast or early warning immediately.The advanced prediction that is suitable for the forward probe in the manufacturing process and geological structure or stress abnormality district under coal mine, also and be adapted to ground prediction, as: the stability of landslide, large-scale rock and earthquake etc.When coal rock dynamic disaster may take place, urgent degree according to its generation gives the alarm, analyze the contingent location of disaster, provide more time so that operating personnel withdraw and take the necessary measures, for forecasting that accurately coal rock dynamic disaster provides fast way.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of prediction coal rock dynamic disaster of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is that the present invention arranges schematic diagram at stope coal rock dynamic disaster space geometry information monitoring device;
Fig. 3 is the monitoring result figure that the present invention simulates prediction coal rock dynamic disaster possibility occurrence size in the tunnel.
Among the figure: 1-laser 3 d scanner, 2-stope, 3-down-hole acquisition process substation, 4-ground-based computer control centre, 5-prewarning unit.
The specific embodiment
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, the zone that tunnel or stope 2 need be monitored is namely selected, according to the measurement category of laser 3 d scanner 1 at first selected required monitored area, the monitored area is divided into a plurality of prewarning unit 5, and to a plurality of prewarning unit 5 numberings (as: a, b, c ...,
i... n); Scanning angle of arranged in front in each prewarning unit is not more than
Laser 3 d scanner 1 in the scope, the distance of laser 3 d scanner 1 and prewarning unit 5
=1～10 meters; Measure the D coordinates value of coal and rock space geometry information in each prewarning unit 5 by laser 3 d scanner 1 real-time accurate, the result by 3 pairs of scannings of down-hole acquisition process substation stores; In the acquisition process substation of down-hole, set up the three-dimensional Model Measured of coal and rock space geometry information in each prewarning unit 5 then; And calculate in scanning
In time the
The average of individual prewarning unit coal and rock space geometry information three-dimensional Model Measured distortion inaccuracy
As
The final measurement of individual prewarning unit is used as the foundation of estimating this prewarning unit coal rock dynamic disaster size; Then the measured value of all prewarning unit
Be transferred to ground-based computer control centre 4 by down-hole acquisition process substation 3, and show with the mode of the figure numeral order by each prewarning unit 5; The judgement index of coal rock dynamic disaster is the D coordinates value of gathering coal and rock space geometry characteristic parameter, the i.e. average of the distortion inaccuracy of coal and rock space geometry information three-dimensional physical model
, can reflect in proportion that based on the test result of coal and rock space geometry information coal rock dynamic disaster carries out, the distortion inaccuracy of certain monitoring means is more big, shows that then the danger of the coal rock dynamic disaster generation in this unit is more big.The decision criteria of coal rock dynamic disaster is the distortion inaccuracy of coal and rock space geometry information
With the early warning threshold
, adjacent monitoring means
,
The distortion inaccuracy growth rate
With the threshold growth rate
The conclusion that draws after comparing.In figure separately, mark the early warning threshold at first respectively
With the threshold growth rate
Horizontal line.The as can be seen from Figure 3 regularity of distribution of different monitoring means coal rock dynamic disaster danger, the distortion inaccuracy of monitoring means
More big, show that the danger that coal rock dynamic disaster takes place in this monitoring means is more big.Fig. 3 is the monitoring result figure of prediction coal rock dynamic disaster possibility occurrence size in certain tunnel of simulation, and its abscissa is monitoring time; A, b, c are the numberings of three tested prewarning unit, and ordinate is the distortion inaccuracy that calculates
, distortion inaccuracy
Be that 0 the bar of coordinate is up and down represented dangerous warning line threshold
What measured value was reacted is the size of coal and rock space geometry information three-dimensional Model Measured distortion inaccuracy in this prewarning unit,, has all taken place during the moment at 28h in 23h, the 28h moment and prewarning unit c at prewarning unit b among the figure
Situation, this shows that this prewarning unit carves at this moment and has showed heavily stressed dangerous unit that ground-based computer control centre should make prompting and carry out the prevention in advance of disaster.The criterion of the danger that coal rock dynamic disaster takes place in the monitoring means sees Table 1, namely when the distortion inaccuracy of surveying
Greater than the early warning threshold
The time, be judged to be heavily stressed dangerous unit; When
Time internal strain error growth rate
Greater than the borderline increases rate
The time, be judged to be heavily stressed growth unit; When adjacent two or more prewarning unit distortion inaccuracies present rapid increase or sharply reduce, be judged to be the high stress gradients unit.Above situation has illustrated that near the coal rock dynamic disaster danger this prewarning unit or this prewarning unit is bigger.
The early warning threshold
With the threshold growth rate
Determine:
At first with the average deformation error of the coal and rock space geometry information three-dimensional physical model of measuring stability region, rear, tunnel of laser 3 d scanner precision
Growth rate with distortion inaccuracy
, and as a reference value.Suppose Normal Distribution between actual measurement desired value and the outstanding factor, obtain its mean square deviation according to known conditions
Allow the early warning threshold then
Be set at respectively
,
With
Three different dangerous thresholds.The growth rate of the error of critical strain simultaneously
Also be set at
,
With
Three different dangerous thresholds, its detailed criterion is shown in Table 1:
The criterion of table 1 coal rock dynamic disaster
When survey
The distortion inaccuracy of individual prewarning unit
Greater than the early warning threshold
The time, be judged to be heavily stressed dangerous unit;
When
The error of internal strain constantly growth rate
Greater than the borderline increases rate
The time, be judged to be heavily stressed growth unit;
When adjacent two or more prewarning unit distortion inaccuracies present rapid increase or sharply reduce, be judged to be the high stress gradients unit;
When occurring a kind of situation in heavily stressed dangerous unit, the three kinds of situations in heavily stressed growth unit and high stress gradients unit, by ground-based computer control centre 4 early warnings with carry out the prevention in advance of disaster; When two kinds of situations occurring in three kinds of situations, the precautionary measures are taked in early warning immediately; When three kinds of situations occurred simultaneously, the people was removed in early warning immediately.
Claims (1)
1. the Forecasting Methodology that coal rock dynamic disaster space geometry information is measured in real time is characterized in that comprising the steps:
The zone that a, at first definite stope (2) need be monitored according to the measurement category of laser 3 d scanner (1), is divided into a plurality of prewarning unit (5) with the monitored area, and a plurality of prewarning unit (5) is numbered;
B, be not more than in scanning angle of arranged in front of each prewarning unit
Laser 3 d scanner (1) in the scope, the distance of laser 3 d scanner (1) and prewarning unit (5)
=1～10 meters;
C, laser 3 d scanner (1) real-time accurate are measured the D coordinates value of the interior coal and rock space geometry of each prewarning unit (5) information, and the result to scanning stores by down-hole acquisition process substation (3);
D, in the acquisition process substation of down-hole, set up the three-dimensional Model Measured of coal and rock space geometry information in each prewarning unit (5); And calculate in scanning
In time the
The average of individual prewarning unit coal and rock space geometry information three-dimensional Model Measured distortion inaccuracy
As
The final measurement of individual prewarning unit is with this foundation as this prewarning unit coal rock dynamic disaster size of evaluation;
F, then the measured value of all prewarning unit
Be transferred to ground-based computer control centre (4) by down-hole acquisition process substation (3), and show by the prewarning unit numeral order in the mode of figure;
When survey
The distortion inaccuracy of individual prewarning unit
Greater than the early warning threshold
The time, be judged to be heavily stressed dangerous unit;
When
The error of internal strain constantly growth rate
Greater than the borderline increases rate
The time, be judged to be heavily stressed growth unit;
When adjacent two or more prewarning unit distortion inaccuracies present rapid increase or sharply reduce, be judged to be the high stress gradients unit;
When occurring a kind of situation in heavily stressed dangerous unit, the three kinds of situations in heavily stressed growth unit and high stress gradients unit, by ground-based computer control centre (4) early warning with carry out the prevention in advance of disaster; When two kinds of situations occurring in three kinds of situations, the precautionary measures are taked in early warning immediately; When three kinds of situations occurred simultaneously, the people was removed in early warning immediately.
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