CN102101371B - 粘合物件的方法 - Google Patents

粘合物件的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102101371B
CN102101371B CN201010524873.4A CN201010524873A CN102101371B CN 102101371 B CN102101371 B CN 102101371B CN 201010524873 A CN201010524873 A CN 201010524873A CN 102101371 B CN102101371 B CN 102101371B
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China
Prior art keywords
cnt
bonding
stratiform structure
carbon nano
objects
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CN201010524873.4A
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CN102101371A (zh
Inventor
王佳平
谢睿
姜开利
范守善
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Tsinghua University
Hongfujin Precision Industry Shenzhen Co Ltd
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Tsinghua University
Hongfujin Precision Industry Shenzhen Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201010524873.4A priority Critical patent/CN102101371B/zh
Priority to US13/093,849 priority patent/US20120103509A1/en
Publication of CN102101371A publication Critical patent/CN102101371A/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/06—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the heating method
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • B29C65/3604—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3608—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint comprising single particles, e.g. fillers or discontinuous fibre-reinforcements
    • B29C65/3612—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint comprising single particles, e.g. fillers or discontinuous fibre-reinforcements comprising fillers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • B29C65/3672—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the composition of the elements heated by induction which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3684—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the composition of the elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being non-metallic
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    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7232—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
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    • B29C66/91411—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the parts to be joined, e.g. the joining process taking the temperature of the parts to be joined into account
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
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    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9161—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux
    • B29C66/91651—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux by controlling or regulating the heat generated by Joule heating or induction heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/919—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/919—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
    • B29C66/9192—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams
    • B29C66/91921—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature
    • B29C66/91931—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature in explicit relation to the fusion temperature or melting point of the material of one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/91921—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature
    • B29C66/91931—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature in explicit relation to the fusion temperature or melting point of the material of one of the parts to be joined
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B32B2309/60—In a particular environment
    • B32B2309/62—Inert
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2309/00—Parameters for the laminating or treatment process; Apparatus details
    • B32B2309/60—In a particular environment
    • B32B2309/68—Vacuum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2310/00—Treatment by energy or chemical effects
    • B32B2310/08—Treatment by energy or chemical effects by wave energy or particle radiation
    • B32B2310/0806—Treatment by energy or chemical effects by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/04—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the partial melting of at least one layer

Abstract

本发明涉及一种粘合物件的方法。该粘合物件的方法包括以下步骤：提供一第一物件，该第一物件具有一第一表面；提供一碳纳米管层状结构于第一表面；提供一第二物件，该第二物件包括一第二表面，将该第二物件的第二表面覆盖并接触该碳纳米管层状结构设置，使该碳纳米管层状结构位于第一物件和第二物件之间形成一多层结构；放置上述多层结构于一电磁波环境中一段时间使第一物件和第二物件粘合于一体。

Description

粘合物件的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种粘合物件的方法。
背景技术
现有技术中，通常会遇到将物件粘合于一体的情况，例如，将两个或多个塑料基体粘合于一体构成一固定的形状或使其具有一定的功能。现有的粘合物件的方法通常包括直接采用粘结剂粘合的方法或热压的方法。
该直接采用粘合剂粘合物件的方法为将两个物件需要接触的表面涂覆一定量的粘合剂，然后将物件粘合，烘干粘合剂之后，两物件便固定形成一体结构。这种粘合方法中，起粘合作用的为粘合剂。然而，由于粘合剂本身易老化且粘结力有限，这种粘合方法所粘合的两物件结合不牢固，易脱离。
所述热压将两物件粘合于一体的方法是将需要粘合的两个物件相互接触后，在一定温度下加热，等物件软化或表面部分开始液化时，对该两个物件施加一定的压力，使两物件粘合于一体，待物件再固化之后，该两物件即牢固的结合。然而，这种方法虽然可以使两个物件牢固的粘合于一体，但是由于需要对整个物件加热使其发生结构改变或形变，易将物件破坏。且这种方法需要将两物件整体加热，消耗的热量较大，不利于节约能源。
发明内容
有鉴于此，确有必要提供一种不破坏物件本身且有利于节约能源的粘合两物件的方法。
本发明涉及一种粘合物件的方法。该粘合物件的方法包括以下步骤：提供一第一物件，该第一物件具有一第一表面；提供一碳纳米管层状结构形成于第一表面；提供一第二物件，该第二物件包括一第二表面，将该第二物件的第二表面覆盖并接触该碳纳米管层状结构设置，使该碳纳米管层状结构位于第一物件和第二物件之间形成一多层结构；放置上述多层结构于一电磁波环境中一段时间使第一物件和第二物件粘合于一体，所述电磁波的功率为300瓦至2000瓦，频率为1GHz至10GHz。
本发明还涉及一种碳纳米管层结构在物件粘合中的使用方法。该碳纳米管层结构在物件粘合中的使用方法包括如下步骤：提供两个欲粘合的物件，每一物件具有与另一物件欲粘合的一表面，其中所述物件的电磁波吸收能力低于碳纳米管层结构的电磁波吸收能力；至少一个物件的所述表面上设置碳纳米管层结构；将两个物件欲粘合的表面对接并在电磁波环境中放置至所述欲粘合的表面软化或熔化，所述电磁波的功率为300瓦至2000瓦，频率为1GHz至10GHz。
相较于现有技术，本发明所提供的粘合两物件的方法通过利用碳纳米管层状结构设置于第一物件和第二物件之间并与第一物件和第二物件的表面接触，通过碳纳米管层状结构与电磁波的相互作用，使碳纳米管层状结构迅速升温，从而仅使第一物件和第二物件与该碳纳米管层状结构接触的表面软化或液化，无需将第一物件和第二物件整体加热，不会对物件本身造成伤害，且有利于节约能源。
附图说明
图1为本技术方案第一实施例所提供的粘合物件的方法的流程图。
图2为本技术方案第一实施例所提供的粘合物件的方法的过程的示意图。
图3为本技术方案第一实施例中将两物件粘合于一体之后的两物件之间结合的强度和微波加热时间的关系图。
图4为本技术方案第二实施例所提供的粘合两物件的方法的过程的示意图。
主要元件符号说明
第一物件               100，400
第一表面               102，402
第二物件               200，600
第二表面               202，602
碳纳米管层状结构       120，420
多层结构               300，500
整体                   10，20
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图及具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
请参阅图1及图2，本技术方案第一实施例提供一种粘合两物件的方法，其具体包括以下步骤：
步骤一、提供一第一物件100，该第一物件100具有一第一表面102。
所述第一物件100的形状不限，可以为规则的形状也可以为不规则的形状。所述规则的形状包括正方体、长方体、圆锥或圆柱等。所述第一物件100的材料可以为绝缘材料，如玻璃、陶瓷或高分子材料。所述高分子材料包括环氧树脂、双马来酰亚胺树脂、氰酸酯树脂、聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚乙烯醇、聚苯烯醇、聚碳酸酯或聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯等。优选地，所述第一物件100的熔点小于600℃。所述第一表面102可以为平面，也可以为弯曲表面。本实施例中，所述第一物件100为一长方体结构，厚度为9毫米，边长为3毫米。所述第一表面102为边长为3毫米的正方形的平面。第一物件100的材料为聚乙烯。
步骤二、形成一碳纳米管层状结构120，将该碳纳米管层状结构120设置于第一物件100的第一表面102。
所述碳纳米管层状结构120的厚度不限，可以为10纳米至100微米，优选为10纳米至200纳米。所述碳纳米管层状结构120包括多个碳纳米管均匀分布。该碳纳米管层状结构120可以为由该多个碳纳米管组成的纯的碳纳米管结构。该碳纳米管层状结构120中的碳纳米管之间可以通过范德华力紧密结合。该碳纳米管层状结构120中的碳纳米管为无序或有序排列。这里的无序排列指碳纳米管的排列方向无规律，这里的有序排列指至少多数碳纳米管的排列方向具有一定规律。具体地，当碳纳米管层状结构120包括无序排列的碳纳米管时，碳纳米管相互缠绕或者各向同性排列；当碳纳米管层状结构120包括有序排列的碳纳米管时，碳纳米管沿一个方向或者多个方向择优取向排列。所述碳纳米管层状结构120的单位面积热容可以小于2×10-4焦耳每平方厘米开尔文，甚至可以小于等于1.7×10-6焦耳每平方厘米开尔文。由于碳纳米管的热容较小，所以该碳纳米管层状结构120具有较快的热响应速度，即在吸收微波的能量之后能快速的升温。碳纳米管层状结构可以通过喷涂或涂敷的方法直接形成于第一表面102。所述碳纳米管层状结构120可以通过先制备至少一自支撑的碳纳米管膜，然后将该至少一碳纳米管膜铺设于第一物件100的第一表面102形成该碳纳米管层状结构120。所述自支撑为碳纳米管膜不需要大面积的载体支撑，而只要相对两边提供支撑力即能整体上悬空而保持自身膜状状态，即将该碳纳米管膜置于（或固定于）间隔一固定距离设置的两个支撑体上时，位于两个支撑体之间的碳纳米管膜能够保持自身膜状状态。该碳纳米管膜包括多个均匀分布的碳纳米管。该碳纳米管膜可仅由碳纳米管构成，碳纳米管膜本身具有一定的粘性，因此，由碳纳米管膜构成的碳纳米管层状结构120可以直接贴合于片状结构的表面，无须粘合剂。所述碳纳米管膜可以为碳纳米管拉膜、碳纳米管絮化膜或碳纳米管碾压膜。所述碳纳米管层状结构可以由上述三种碳纳米管膜中的任一种或者任意两种以上的膜层叠设置或并列设置等任意组合构成。
（一）碳纳米管拉膜的制备方法包括以下步骤：
首先，提供一碳纳米管阵列形成于一生长基底，该阵列为超顺排的碳纳米管阵列。
该碳纳米管阵列的制备方法采用化学气相沉积法，其具体步骤包括：（a）提供一平整生长基底，该生长基底可选用P型或N型硅生长基底，或选用形成有氧化层的硅生长基底，本发明实施例优选为采用4英寸的硅生长基底；（b）在生长基底表面均匀形成一催化剂层，该催化剂层材料可选用铁（Fe）、钴（Co）、镍（Ni）或其任意组合的合金之一；（c）将上述形成有催化剂层的生长基底在700℃～900℃的空气中退火约30分钟～90分钟；（d）将处理过的生长基底置于反应炉中，在保护气体环境下加热到500℃～740℃，然后通入碳源气体反应约5分钟～30分钟，生长得到碳纳米管阵列。该碳纳米管阵列为多个彼此平行且垂直于生长基底生长的碳纳米管形成的纯碳纳米管阵列。通过上述控制生长条件，该定向排列的碳纳米管阵列中基本不含有杂质，如无定型碳或残留的催化剂金属颗粒等。
其次，采用一拉伸工具从碳纳米管阵列中拉取碳纳米管获得至少一碳纳米管拉膜，其具体包括以下步骤：（a）从所述超顺排碳纳米管阵列中选定一个或具有一定宽度的多个碳纳米管，优选为采用具有一定宽度的胶带、镊子或夹子接触碳纳米管阵列以选定一个或具有一定宽度的多个碳纳米管；（b）以一定速度拉伸该选定的碳纳米管，从而形成首尾相连的多个碳纳米管片段，进而形成一连续的碳纳米管拉膜。该拉取方向沿基本垂直于碳纳米管阵列的生长方向。
在上述拉伸过程中，该多个碳纳米管片段在拉力作用下沿拉伸方向逐渐脱离生长基底的同时，由于范德华力作用，该选定的多个碳纳米管片段分别与其它碳纳米管片段首尾相连地连续地被拉出，从而形成一连续、均匀且具有一定宽度的碳纳米管拉膜。
该碳纳米管拉膜的宽度与碳纳米管阵列的尺寸有关，该碳纳米管拉膜的长度不限，可根据实际需求制得。当该碳纳米管阵列的面积为4英寸时，该碳纳米管拉膜的宽度为0.5纳米～10厘米，该碳纳米管拉膜的厚度为0.5纳米～100微米。该碳纳米管拉膜的制备方法请参见范守善等人于2007年2月9日申请的，于2008年8月13日公开的第CN101239712A号中国公开专利申请“碳纳米管膜结构及其制备方法”，申请人：清华大学，鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司。为节省篇幅，仅引用于此，但上述申请所有技术揭露也应视为本发明申请技术揭露的一部分。
该碳纳米管拉膜可作为一碳纳米管层状结构使用，也可以将至少两层碳纳米管拉膜层叠设置或并排设置形成一碳纳米管层状结构。
（二）碳纳米管絮化膜的制备方法包括以下步骤：
首先，提供一碳纳米管原料。
所述碳纳米管原料可以为通过化学气相沉积法、石墨电极恒流电弧放电沉积法或激光蒸发沉积法等各种方法制备的碳纳米管。
采用刀片或其他工具将上述定向排列的碳纳米管阵列从基底刮落，获得一碳纳米管原料。优选地，所述的碳纳米管原料中，碳纳米管的长度大于100微米。
其次，将上述碳纳米管原料添加到一溶剂中并进行絮化处理获得一碳纳米管絮状结构，将上述碳纳米管絮状结构从溶剂中分离，并对该碳纳米管絮状结构定型处理以获得一碳纳米管絮化膜。
溶剂可选用水、易挥发的有机溶剂等。絮化处理可通过采用超声波分散处理或高强度搅拌等方法。优选地，本发明实施例采用超声波分散10分钟～30分钟。由于碳纳米管具有极大的比表面积，相互缠绕的碳纳米管之间具有较大的范德华力。上述絮化处理并不会将该碳纳米管原料中的碳纳米管完全分散在溶剂中，碳纳米管之间通过范德华力相互吸引、缠绕，形成网络状结构。
所述的分离碳纳米管絮状结构的方法具体包括以下步骤：将上述含有碳纳米管絮状结构的溶剂倒入一放有滤纸的漏斗中；静置干燥一段时间从而获得一分离的碳纳米管絮状结构。
所述的碳纳米管絮状结构的定型处理过程具体包括以下步骤：将上述碳纳米管絮状结构置于一容器中；将该碳纳米管絮状结构按照预定形状摊开；施加一定压力于摊开的碳纳米管絮状结构；以及，将该碳纳米管絮状结构中残留的溶剂烘干或等溶剂自然挥发后获得一碳纳米管絮化膜。
可以理解，本发明可通过控制该碳纳米管絮状结构摊开的面积来控制该碳纳米管絮化膜的厚度和面密度。碳纳米管絮状结构摊开的面积越大，则该碳纳米管絮化膜的厚度和面密度就越小。
另外，上述分离与定型处理碳纳米管絮状结构的步骤也可直接通过抽滤的方式实现，具体包括以下步骤：提供一孔隙滤膜及一抽气漏斗；将上述含有碳纳米管絮状结构的溶剂经过该孔隙滤膜倒入该抽气漏斗中；抽滤并干燥后获得一碳纳米管絮化膜。该孔隙滤膜为一表面光滑、尺寸为0.22微米的滤膜。由于抽滤方式本身将提供一较大的气压作用于该碳纳米管絮状结构，该碳纳米管絮状结构经过抽滤会直接形成一均匀的碳纳米管絮化膜。且，由于孔隙滤膜表面光滑，该碳纳米管絮化膜容易剥离，得到一自支撑的碳纳米管絮化膜。所述碳纳米管絮化膜及其制备方法请参见范守善等人于2007年4月13日申请的，于2008年10月15日公开的第CN101284662A号中国公开专利申请“碳纳米管薄膜的制备方法”，申请人：清华大学，鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司。为节省篇幅，仅引用于此，但上述申请所有技术揭露也应视为本发明申请技术揭露的一部分。
可以理解，该碳纳米管絮化膜具有一定的厚度，且通过控制该碳纳米管絮状结构摊开的面积以及压力大小可以控制碳纳米管絮化膜的厚度。该碳纳米管絮化膜可作为一碳纳米管层状结构使用，也可以将至少两层碳纳米管絮化膜层叠设置或并排设置形成一碳纳米管层状结构。
（三）碳纳米管碾压膜的制备方法包括以下步骤：
首先，提供一碳纳米管阵列形成于一生长基底，该阵列为定向排列的碳纳米管阵列。
所述碳纳米管阵列优选为一超顺排的碳纳米管阵列。所述碳纳米管阵列与上述碳纳米管阵列的制备方法相同。
其次，采用一施压装置，挤压上述碳纳米管阵列获得一碳纳米管碾压膜，其具体过程为：
该施压装置施加一定的压力于上述碳纳米管阵列上。在施压的过程中，碳纳米管阵列在压力的作用下会与生长基底分离，从而形成由多个碳纳米管组成的具有自支撑结构的碳纳米管碾压膜，且所述的多个碳纳米管基本上与碳纳米管碾压膜的表面平行。
施压装置为一压头，压头表面光滑，压头的形状及挤压方向决定制备的碳纳米管碾压膜中碳纳米管的排列方式。优选地，当采用平面压头沿垂直于上述碳纳米管阵列生长基底的方向挤压时，可获得碳纳米管为各向同性排列的碳纳米管碾压膜；当采用滚轴状压头沿某一固定方向碾压时，可获得碳纳米管沿该固定方向取向排列的碳纳米管碾压膜；当采用滚轴状压头沿不同方向碾压时，可获得碳纳米管沿不同方向取向排列的碳纳米管碾压膜。
可以理解，当采用上述不同方式挤压上述的碳纳米管阵列时，碳纳米管会在压力的作用下倾倒，并与相邻的碳纳米管通过范德华力相互吸引、连接形成由多个碳纳米管组成的具有自支撑结构的碳纳米管碾压膜。所述碳纳米管碾压膜及其制备方法请参见范守善等人于2007年6月1日申请的，于2008年12月3日公开的第CN101314464A号中国公开专利申请“碳纳米管薄膜的制备方法”，申请人：清华大学，鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司。为节省篇幅，仅引用于此，但上述申请所有技术揭露也应视为本发明申请技术揭露的一部分。
可以理解，该碳纳米管碾压膜具有一定的厚度，且通过碳纳米管阵列的高度以及压力大小可以控制其厚度。所以该碳纳米管碾压膜可以直接作为一碳纳米管层状结构120使用。另外，可以将至少两层碳纳米管碾压膜层叠设置或并排设置形成一碳纳米管层状结构120。
因为所述碳纳米管膜可以为一自支撑结构，所述碳纳米管膜可直接铺设于第一物件100的第一表面102上，并与该第一表面102贴合设置。可以理解，可将多个碳纳米管膜层叠或平行无间隙铺设。当碳纳米管膜层叠设置时，相邻的两层碳纳米管膜的层叠角度不限，相邻的碳纳米管膜通过范德华力紧密结合，从而在第一物件100的第一表面102构成一碳纳米管层状结构120。
另外，也可预先将所述碳纳米管膜层叠设置构成一碳纳米管层状结构120后再直接将碳纳米管层状结构120设置于第一物件100的第一表面102。其具可包括以下步骤：提供一支撑结构；将至少一层碳纳米管膜设置于该支撑结构的表面形成一碳纳米管层状结构120；将该碳纳米管层状结构120从该支撑结构上取下，铺设于所述第一物件100的第一表面102。可以理解，所述支撑结构可以为一基底，也可以为一框架结构。当支撑结构为一框架结构时，碳纳米管层状结构120可部分悬空，此时可直接将悬空的碳纳米管层状结构120直接铺设于第一物件100的第一表面102上，再将该框架结构的支撑结构去除。
步骤三、提供一第二物件200，该第二物件200包括一第二表面202，将该第二物件200的第二表面202覆盖并接触该碳纳米管层状结构120设置，使该碳纳米管层状结构120位于第一物件100和第二物件200之间形成一多层结构300。
可以理解，在同一实施例中，第二物件200的形状可以与第一物件100的形状相同，也可以不同；第二物件200的材料可以与第一物件100的材料相同，也可以不同2。本实施例中，所述第二物件200所包括的形状和材料与第一物件100所包括的形状和材料相同。设置于第一物件100与第二物件200之间的碳纳米管层状结构分别与所述第一物件100的第一表面102及第二物件200的第二表面202接触。
步骤四、放置上述多层结构300于一电磁波环境中一段时间使该第一物件100和第二物件200粘合于一体，行成一整体10。
所述电磁波的功率为300瓦至2000瓦，频率为1GHz至10GHz。所述电磁波可以为无线电波或微波。本实施例中，所述电磁波为微波，所述微波的功率为300瓦至1500瓦，频率为1GHz至5GHz，多层结构300在微波环境中放置的时间为3秒至90秒。微波的功率越大，多层结构300在微波环境中的放置时间越短。物质一般由极性分子和非极性分子组成，微波能够产生电磁场，在微波电磁场作用下，物质中的极性分子从原来的随机分布状态转向依照电场的极性排列取向。而在高频电磁场作用下，这些取向按交变电磁的频率不断变化，这一过程造成极性分子的运动和相互摩擦从而产生热量，使物质温度不断升高，这就是微波加热的原理。由于绝缘材料中几乎没有极性分子，因此，微波几乎是穿越而不被吸收。而，实验证明，碳纳米管层状结构120中的碳纳米管能与微波产生较强的相互作用，从而使碳纳米管层状结构120能快速吸收微波的能量。由于第一物件100和第二物件200均为绝缘材料，其对微波能量的吸收远小于碳纳米管层状结构，且第一物件100和第二物件200的热容大于碳纳米管层状结构120，因此，第一物件100和第二物件200本身靠其自身吸收的微波能量所产生的温度升高可以忽略，即，不会使整个第一物件100或第二物件200熔化。由于碳纳米管层状结构120的热容较小，且与微波之间的相互作用较大，吸收微波能量之后的碳纳米管层状结构120快速升高温度，从而使与碳纳米管层状结构120接触的第一物件100的第一表面102与第二物件200的第二表面202的温度逐渐升高。当第一物件100的第一表面102和第二物件200的第二表面202达到一定温度之后，开始软化或熔化。此时，断开微波或者将上述多层结构300从微波环境中取出。本实施例中，第一物件100和第二物件200的材料均为聚乙烯，聚乙烯的熔点为137℃左右，因此当碳纳米管层状结构120的温度达到137℃或略高于聚乙烯的熔点时，第一物件100的第一表面102和第二物件200的表面开始熔化，此时断开微波。
可以理解，上述步骤也可在真空环境下或有保护气体存在的环境下进行。所述真空环境的真空度可以为10-2～10-6帕。所述保护气体包括氮气和惰性气体。由于碳纳米管层状结构120中的碳纳米管在600℃左右时容易被氧化破坏，因此，在真空环境或保护气体存在的情况下，可以保护碳纳米管层状结构120在高温时不被破坏，碳纳米管层状结构120的温度可以达到2000℃左右，可用于粘合熔点较高的物件。
将上述多层结构300冷却之后，第一物件100和第二物件200便粘附于一体。由于第一物件100的第一表面102和第二物件200的第二表面202已开始软化或熔化，第一物件100位于第二物件200的上方，由于重力作用，第一物件100施加一定压力于第二物件200，使第一物件100和第二物件200牢固地固定于一体。由于该碳纳米管层状结构120包括多个微孔，熔化的第一物件100的第一表面102和第二物件200的第二表面202可渗透到碳纳米管层状结构120中，并透过该多个微孔相互粘合。由于碳纳米管层状结构120的厚度较小，第一物件100和第二物件200之间不会存在缝隙。
可选择地，还可以施加一定压力于第一物件100和第二物件200以使该第一物件100与第二物件200相互粘合。也可以在多层结构300位于微波环境中的同时，对第一物件100和第二物件200施加压力。
本实施例中，在多层结构300位于微波环境中的同时，对第一物件100和第二物件200施加0.5牛顿的压力，在微波环境中加热的时间为30秒。
图3为第一物件100和第二物件200之间结合的强度和微波加热时间的关系图，其中，微波的能量为750瓦，频率为2.15GHz。从图3可以看出，第一物件100和第二物件200之间的结合力随着微波加热的时间增加而增加。当微波加热的时间为30秒时，第一物件100和第二物件200结合处的拉伸强度为3.78MPa；当微波加热时间为75秒时，第一物件100和第二物件200结合处的拉伸强度为9.66MPa，基本接近一体成型的纯聚乙烯的拉伸强度。
本发明所提供的粘合两物件的方法具有以下优点：其一，本发明通过碳纳米管层状结构与电磁波的相互作用加热第一物件和第二物件与该碳纳米管层状结构接触的表面，使第一物件和第二物件的表面熔化，无需将第一物件和第二物件整体加热，不会对物件本身造成伤害。其二，由于碳纳米管层状结构具有较强的电磁波吸收能力，且具有较小的热容，升温速度快，因此，可以快速地将第一物件和第二物件粘合；其三，碳纳米管层状结构的厚度较小，可以达到纳米级，使用该碳纳米管层状结构粘合两基体不会在两物件之间形成缝隙，因此，本发明所提供的粘合两物件的方法使两物件结合牢固，使两物件粘合趋于一体之后美观大方；其四，碳纳米管层状结构具有较好的柔韧性，使用该碳纳米管层状结构粘合两物件后，不会对粘合后物件的柔韧性造成影响；其五，本发明所提供的方法，简单可控，适用于工业化应用。
请参见图4，本发明第二实施例提供一种粘合物件的方法。本实施例所提供的制备方法与第一实施例基本相同，其区别在于，所述第一物件400的第一表面402与第二物件600的第二表面602均为曲面。第一表面402和第二表面602的形状相互吻合。碳纳米管层状结构420设置于第一表面402和第二表面602之间，由于碳纳米管层状结构420具有良好的柔韧性，可以很好的贴合于第一表面402和第二表面602。第一物件400和第二物件600相互粘合后形成一整体20。
另外，本领域技术人员还可在本发明精神内做其他变化，当然，这些依据本发明精神所做的变化，都应包含在本发明所要求保护的范围之内。

Claims (19)

1.一种粘合物件的方法，其包括以下步骤：
提供一第一物件，该第一物件具有一第一表面；
提供一碳纳米管层状结构，将该碳纳米管层状结构设置于第一表面；
提供一第二物件，该第二物件包括一第二表面，将该第二物件的第二表面覆盖并接触该碳纳米管层状结构设置，使该碳纳米管层状结构位于第一物件和第二物件之间形成一多层结构；
放置上述多层结构于一电磁波环境中一段时间使第一物件和第二物件粘合于一体，所述电磁波的功率为300瓦至2000瓦，频率为1GHz至10GHz。
2.如权利要求1所述的粘合物件的方法，其特征在于，所述第一物件及第二物件的材料为绝缘材料。
3.如权利要求1所述的粘合物件的方法，其特征在于，所述第一物件及第二物件的材料的熔点低于600℃。
4.如权利要求1所述的粘合物件的方法，其特征在于，所述电磁波为微波，该微波的功率为300瓦至1500瓦，频率为1GHz至5GHz。
5.如权利要求4所述的粘合物件的方法，其特征在于，将所述多层结构放置于微波环境3秒至90秒。
6.如权利要求1所述的粘合物件的方法，其特征在于，所述碳纳米管层状结构为一由碳纳米管组成的纯的碳纳米管结构。
7.如权利要求1所述的粘合物件的方法，其特征在于，所述碳纳米管层状结构通过喷涂或涂敷的方法直接形成于第一物件第一表面。
8.如权利要求1所述的粘合物件的方法，其特征在于，所述碳纳米管层状结构形成于第一表面的方法包括以下步骤：制备至少一碳纳米管膜；将上述至少一碳纳米管膜铺设于第一物件第一表面。
9.如权利要求8所述的粘合物件的方法，其特征在于，所述至少一碳纳米管膜包括多个碳纳米管膜，将碳纳米管膜设置在第一物件的第一表面的方法包括将多个碳纳米管膜层叠铺设或平行无间隙铺设于第一物件的第一表面。
10.如权利要求1所述的粘合物件的方法，其特征在于，所述放置上述多层结构于一微波环境中一段时间的步骤，在10-2～10-6帕的真空环境或保护气体存在的情况下进行。
11.如权利要求1所述的粘合物件的方法，其特征在于，所述碳纳米管层状结构包括多个微孔，微孔的直径小于10微米，所述第一物件和第二物件液化的部分渗透到该碳纳米管层状结构中，并透过该碳纳米管层状结构的微孔相互接触并粘合于一体。
12.如权利要求1所述的粘合物件的方法，其特征在于，在放置上述多层结构于一电磁波环境中一段时间后，进一步包括一冷却所述多层结构的步骤。
13.如权利要求1所述的粘合物件的方法，其特征在于，在放置上述多层结构于一电磁波环境中一段时间后，进一步包括一施加压力于第一物件和第二物件的步骤。
14.如权利要求1所述的粘合物件的方法，其特征在于，所述第一物件的第一表面和第二物件的第二表面均为曲面，第一表面和第二表面的形状相互吻合。
15.一种碳纳米管层结构在物件粘合中的使用方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
提供两个欲粘合的物件，每一物件具有与另一物件欲粘合的一表面，其中所述物件的电磁波吸收能力低于碳纳米管层结构的电磁波吸收能力；
至少一个物件的所述表面上设置碳纳米管层结构；
将两个物件欲粘合的表面对接并在电磁波环境中放置至所述欲粘合的表面软化或熔化，所述电磁波的功率为300瓦至2000瓦，频率为1GHz至10GHz。
16.如权利要求15所述的碳纳米管层结构在物件粘合中的使用方法，其特征在于，所述第一物件及第二物件的材料为绝缘材料。
17.如权利要求15所述的碳纳米管层结构在物件粘合中的使用方法，其特征在于，所述第一物件及第二物件的材料的熔点低于600℃。
18.如权利要求15所述的碳纳米管层结构在物件粘合中的使用方法，其特征在于，所述所述电磁波为微波，微波的功率为300瓦至1500瓦，频率为1GHz至5GHz。
19.如权利要求18所述的碳纳米管层结构在物件粘合中的使用方法，其特征在于，将所述多层结构放置于微波环境3秒至90秒。
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