CN102094128B - Method for comprehensively recovering various valuable metals from germanium-containing material by wet process - Google Patents
Method for comprehensively recovering various valuable metals from germanium-containing material by wet process Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for comprehensively recovering various valuable metals from a germanium-containing material by a wet process, belonging to the field of metallurgy of rare metals. The method comprises the following steps: leaching and separating lead slag in the circulation process, recovering germanium dioxide by tannin extract germanium participation, and recovering copper slag and zinc slag from the germanium participation waste liquor. The method provided by the invention can comprehensively and effectively recover valuable elements, such as lead, zinc, copper and germanium, and the technological process is stable and convenient to control; the invention effectively solves the problem of environmental pollution, and the recovery rate of germanium is up to 90% or above.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the metallurgy of rare metal field, in particular, relate to a kind of from germanic material the comprehensive method that reclaims various valuable metals of wet method.
Background technology
Germanium belongs to rare diffusing precious metal, and independent mineral deposit is seldom arranged, and most of germanium are distributed in plumbous zinc mineral or the coal with isomorph or adsorbed state, its roughly content be: Ge:2.5kg/t; Cu:6%; Zn:24%; Pb:33%.Because of ge content is lower, complicated component brings enriched germanium to seriously influence.
Rotary kiln evaporation method or fuming furnace volatilization method are adopted in the conventional comprehensive recovery of above-mentioned germanic material usually; With the germanium enrichment in flue dust; Contain germanium oxide dust and go out to obtain germanic leach liquor through acidleach; The most typical processing of this leach liquor is that oxidizing roasting obtains the germanium concentrate of germanic 12%-30% with the heavy germanium of tannin extract (tannin); The germanium leaching yield of this technological process germanium is not high, is merely 73%; Tannin extract germanium slag is thin, and the filtering separation time is long, and liquid directly discharges behind the heavy germanium; Cause total germanium product direct yield low; Other valuable metal can not get reclaiming, for a long time, and in order to solve this technological problems; State invention patent publication No. CN 101638725A disclose " a kind of method of wet-process beneficiation germanium concentrate from low germanium coal dust " this method and comprises acid circulation leachings, slurries silica removal, the heavy germanium of tannin extract, come-up separation, washs processes such as drying, low-temperature bake in 3 days February in 2010; The mode that this method adopts circulation to leach improves the germanium leaching yield greater than 95%, makes tannin extract germanium slag " alligatoring " with positive ion organic high polymer coagulant (PDA), has shortened disengaging time greatly; But " alligatoring " operation makes production technique become complicated; This method does not relate to for the recovery problem of other valuable metal, and the waste liquid and the tannin extract germanium flue gas when oxidizing roasting that wherein contain tannin extract (tannin) still can't be resolved to the second environmental pollution problem.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is the deficiency to prior art, proposes a kind of from germanic material the method for the various valuable metals of the comprehensive recovery of wet method; Can comprehensively reclaim lead, zinc, copper, germanium valuable element effectively, stable technical process is convenient to control; Not only efficiently solve environmental pollution problems, and the recovery of germanium reaches more than 90%.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves is: a kind of from germanic material the comprehensive method that reclaims various valuable metals of wet method, comprise leaching in the circulation and separate lead skim, the heavy germanium of tannin extract reclaims germanium dioxide, heavy germanium waste liquid reclaims the process of copper ashes and cadmia; Concrete steps are:
1) soaks in the circulation, separate lead skim
1) a is 3: 1 hybrid reaction 1-3h with germanic material and sulphuric acid soln with liquid-solid ratio, control terminal point pH=2.5,95 ℃ of temperature of reaction; Immersion liquid in the separation is soaked slag in getting;
1) b again in soak in the slag by in soak 40% of slag weight and add the vitriol oil, add that water is regulated and control liquid-solid ratio 3: 1,95 ℃ of temperature of reaction, reaction times 2-3h, acidleach; Separate, obtain lead skim and contain: zinc≤1%, copper≤1.5%, germanium≤40g/t; Pickling liquor behind the separation lead skim is soaked in returning;
2) the heavy germanium of tannin extract reclaims germanium dioxide
2) a middle immersion liquid that will go up operation mixes 20-30min with the tannin extract solution stirring, and temperature of reaction 55-65 ℃, heavy germanium; The add-on of tannin extract solution is as the criterion with liquid ge content≤10mg/L after controlling heavy germanium; Press filtration separates behind ageing 3.0-4.0h, obtains tannin extract germanium slag;
2) b carries out oxidizing roasting with described tannin extract germanium slag under 500～560 ℃ of conditions, and roasting was lowered the temperature after 5 hours, made germanium concentrate; The flue gas that roasting process produced gathers dust through condensation, the absorption of alkali spray, tail gas emptying;
2) c above-mentioned 2) germanium concentrate that makes of b step is put into the concentrated hydrochloric acid is end liquid, and pH is greater than carrying out the chlorine distillation in 9 the solution, limit logical chlorine limit reaction, saturated to chlorine, reaction 1.5h is warmed up to 90-105 ℃, steams GeC
l4 usefulness absorption bottles are collected; When reacting to there not being GeCl
4When steaming, strengthen the chlorine amount of charging into, caught up with bottle 5-10 minute; When being cooled to 70 ℃, isolates by absorption bottle GeCl
4Solution; At GeCl
4Added tap water in 1: 6.5 by volume in the solution, hydrolysis stirring reaction 2 hours filters and washs 3 times, dry germanium dioxide;
2) d above-mentioned 2) the b step condenses dust that obtains that gathers dust is germanous oxide, ageing 10h autoxidation becomes germanium dioxide in air;
2) e above-mentioned 2) spray liquid that the spray absorption of b step alkali obtains, through hydrolysis reaction, filter and wash 3 times, dry germanium dioxide;
3) heavy germanium waste liquid reclaims copper ashes and cadmia
3) a is 2) behind the heavy germanium separated of a step press filtration in the liquid, extraordinarily go into the heavy copper of zinc powder by the 1.2-1.5 of theoretical amount, control reaction temperature 60-80 ℃, in 30 minutes reaction times, the content that makes liquid copper behind the heavy copper is crossed and is filtered the copper ashes that contains zinc≤1% less than 1g/L;
3) b adds soda ash in the liquid behind heavy copper, transfers pH=6.5, controlling reaction time 30 minutes, make heavy zinc after liquid contain zinc≤1g/L; Cross and filter cadmia; Liquid discharges through wastewater treatment behind the heavy zinc.
Above-mentioned liquid-solid ratio is the ratio of volume and quality, and volume is meant the volume of liquid, measure unit L, and quality is meant solid quality, measure unit kg;
The theoretical amount of above-mentioned zinc powder is the calculated value of the displacement chemical reaction of zinc and copper sulfate;
Germanic material of the present invention can be: the 1. germanium concentrate of flotation from germanic ore deposit; 2. from the by product of non-ferrous metal metallurgy flow process; 3. from the processing byproduct of germanic coal and coal; 4. various waste materials in the germanium course of processing.
The present invention use acidleach go out-tannin (tannin extract) precipitator method handle germanic material, utilize and contain abundant tannin composition in the tannin extract, have good deposition selectivity to be used for enriched germanium to germanium, heavy germanium rate can＞99%.Have the advantages that the germanium recovery is high, flow process is simple, production efficiency is high.Meliority of the present invention embodies in the following areas:
1, be 3: 1 through controlling germanic material and sulphuric acid soln with liquid-solid ratio, (2000～3500mg/L) characteristics make the germanium leaching yield reach maximum, and the germanium leaching yield is greater than 95% to utilize germanium dioxide to be issued to maxima solubility in pH=2.5 acidity.
2, separate through press filtration, avoided prior art will to tannin extract germanium slag " alligatoring " and on float to the surface and the complicated procedures of forming that reclaims;
3, through the reform calcining process, the design and installation flare system, through 500～560 ℃ of controlled temperature, following reaction: 2GeO because can take place during roasting in 5 hours reaction times
2+ C=2GeO+CO
2, when roasting, to increase a condensation dust collecting system and alkali spray adsorption process, to prevent the GeO loss, the oxidizing roasting recovery＞90% not only efficiently solves environmental pollution problems, has improved the grade of germanium concentrate simultaneously.
6, the germanium recovery rate of technology of the present invention is greater than 90%, and high-purity germanium dioxide product of output is up to state standards.Can comprehensively reclaim lead, zinc, copper, valuable element, the plumbous recovery＞98%, the recovery of copper, zinc＞90% simultaneously effectively.Operating procedure is simple, and production efficiency is high, environmental friendliness, and technical maturity is stable.
Description of drawings
Do to set forth in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing specific embodiments of the invention.
Fig. 1 is a process flow sheet of the present invention;
Embodiment
The material valuable metal that we handle roughly content is: Ge:2.5kg/t, Cu:6%, Zn:24%, Pb:33%, and test concrete content and be: Ge:2456g/t, Cu:6.2%, Zn:24.6%, Pb:33.4% material 1kg do experiment; The various valuable metals of the comprehensive recovery of wet method from this germanic material, its method comprises leaching in the circulation separates lead skim, and the heavy germanium of tannin extract reclaims germanium dioxide, and the germanium waste liquid that sinks reclaims the process of copper ashes and cadmia; Accompanying drawing is seen in concrete technical process:
1) soaks in the circulation, separate lead skim
1) a get material 500g do in acidleach go out, be 3: 1 with germanic material and sulphuric acid soln with liquid-solid ratio, hybrid reaction 1-3h controls terminal point pH=2.5,95 ℃ of temperature of reaction; Cross and filter filter residue 245g, middle immersion liquid 1500mL, immersion liquid contains Ge:813mg/L, Cu:19g/L, Zn:82g/L in this;
1) b again in soak in the slag and to add vitriol oil 110mL (soak in being equivalent to slag weight 40%), add that water is regulated and control liquid-solid ratio 3: 1,95 ℃ of temperature of reaction, reaction times 2-3h, acidleach; Separate, obtain lead skim 245g, lead skim contains: Ge:29g/t; Cu:0.6%; Zn:0.4%; Pb:68.1%.Pickling liquor behind the separation lead skim is soaked in returning;
2) the heavy germanium of tannin extract reclaims germanium dioxide
2) a middle immersion liquid that will go up operation mixes 20-30min with the tannin extract solution stirring, and temperature of reaction 55-65 ℃, heavy germanium; The add-on of tannin extract solution is as the criterion with liquid ge content≤10mg/L after controlling heavy germanium; Actually operating is: middle immersion liquid 1500mL, and tannin extract 40g, press filtration separates behind ageing 3.0-4.0h, obtains liquid 1500mL behind the heavy germanium, tannin extract germanium slag 42.5g, germanic 2.87%; 60 ℃ of temperature of reaction, 30 minutes reaction times, the germanic 6mg/L of liquid behind the heavy germanium;
2) b is because tannin extract germanium moisture is high, and contains large amount of organic, for handling the abundant oxidation of organism, described tannin extract germanium slag carried out oxidizing roasting under 500～560 ℃ of conditions, during roasting following reaction can take place:
2GeO
2+C＝2GeO+CO
2
Roasting was lowered the temperature after 5 hours, made germanium concentrate 17.8g; In order to prevent that the GeO loss flue gas that roasting process produced from gathering dust through condensation, the absorption of alkali spray, tail gas emptying;
2) c above-mentioned 2) the germanium concentrate 17.8g that makes of b step puts into the concentrated hydrochloric acid is end liquid, and pH is greater than carrying out the chlorine distillation in 9 the solution, limit logical chlorine limit reaction, saturated to chlorine, reaction 1.5h is warmed up to 90-105 ℃, steams GeCl
4Collect with absorption bottle; When reacting to there not being GeCl
4When steaming, strengthen the chlorine amount of charging into, caught up with bottle 5-10 minute; When being cooled to 70 ℃, isolates by absorption bottle GeCl
4Solution 51mL; At GeCl
4Added tap water in 1: 6.5 by volume in the solution, promptly add the 331.5mL tap water, hydrolysis stirring reaction 2 hours filters and washs 3 times, dry germanium dioxide 1.8g, germanic 67.7%;
2) d above-mentioned 2) the b step condenses dust that obtains that gathers dust is germanous oxide, ageing 10h autoxidation becomes germanium dioxide in air;
2) e above-mentioned 2) spray liquid that the spray absorption of b step alkali obtains, through hydrolysis reaction, filter and wash 3 times, dry germanium dioxide;
3) heavy germanium waste liquid reclaims copper ashes and cadmia
3) a is 2) behind the heavy germanium of the 1500mL that separates of a step press filtration in the liquid, extraordinarily go into the heavy copper of zinc powder, the actual zinc powder 28g that adds by the 1.2-1.5 of theoretical amount; Control reaction temperature 60-80 ℃, in 30 minutes reaction times, cross and to filter liquid 1500mL behind the heavy copper; Liquid cupric 90mg/L behind the heavy copper; Cross and filter copper ashes 50g, cupric 57% contains zinc≤1%;
3) b adds soda ash 171g among the liquid 1500mL behind heavy copper, transfers pH=6.5, and controlling reaction time 30 minutes is crossed and filtered to such an extent that contain the filter residue 353g of zinc 34.1%; Liquid contains zinc≤1g/L behind the heavy zinc, discharges through wastewater treatment.
Claims (2)
1. the comprehensive method that reclaims various valuable metals of wet method from germanic material comprises leaching in the circulation and separates lead skim, and the heavy germanium of tannin extract reclaims germanium dioxide, and heavy germanium waste liquid reclaims the process of copper ashes and cadmia; It is characterized in that: concrete steps are:
1) soaks in the circulation, separate lead skim
1) a is 3: 1 hybrid reaction 1-3h with germanic material and sulphuric acid soln with liquid-solid ratio, control terminal point pH=2.5,95 ℃ of temperature of reaction; Immersion liquid in the separation is soaked slag in getting;
1) b again in soak in the slag by in soak 40% of slag weight and add the vitriol oil, add that water is regulated and control liquid-solid ratio 3: 1,95 ℃ of temperature of reaction, reaction times 2-3h, acidleach; Separate, obtain lead skim and contain: zinc≤1%, copper≤1.5%, germanium≤40g/t; Pickling liquor behind the separation lead skim is soaked in returning;
2) the heavy germanium of tannin extract reclaims germanium dioxide
2) a middle immersion liquid that will go up operation mixes 20-30min with the tannin extract solution stirring, and temperature of reaction 55-65 ℃, heavy germanium; The add-on of tannin extract solution is as the criterion with liquid ge content≤l0mg/L after controlling heavy germanium; Press filtration separates behind ageing 3.0-4.0h, obtains tannin extract germanium slag;
2) b carries out oxidizing roasting with described tannin extract germanium slag under 500～560 ℃ of conditions, and roasting was lowered the temperature after 5 hours, made germanium concentrate; The flue gas that roasting process produced gathers dust through condensation, the absorption of alkali spray, tail gas emptying;
2) c above-mentioned 2) germanium concentrate that makes of b step is put into the concentrated hydrochloric acid is end liquid, and pH is greater than carrying out the chlorine distillation in 9 the solution, limit logical chlorine limit reaction, saturated to chlorine, reaction 1.5h is warmed up to 90-105 ℃, steams GeCl
4Collect with absorption bottle; When reacting to there not being GeCl
4When steaming, strengthen the chlorine amount of charging into, caught up with bottle 5-10 minute; When being cooled to 70 ℃, isolates by absorption bottle GeCl
4Solution; At GeCl
4Added tap water in 1: 6.5 by volume in the solution, hydrolysis stirring reaction 2 hours filters and washs 3 times, dry germanium dioxide;
2) d above-mentioned 2) the b step condenses dust that obtains that gathers dust is germanous oxide, ageing 10h autoxidation becomes germanium dioxide in air;
2) e above-mentioned 2) spray liquid that the spray absorption of b step alkali obtains, through hydrolysis reaction, filter and wash 3 times, dry germanium dioxide;
3) heavy germanium waste liquid reclaims copper ashes and cadmia
3) a is 2) behind the heavy germanium separated of a step press filtration in the liquid, extraordinarily go into the heavy copper of zinc powder by the 1.2-1.5 of theoretical amount, control reaction temperature 60-80 ℃, in 30 minutes reaction times, the content that makes liquid copper behind the heavy copper is crossed and is filtered the copper ashes that contains zinc≤1% less than 1g/L;
3) b adds soda ash in the liquid behind heavy copper, transfers pH=6.5, controlling reaction time 30 minutes, make heavy zinc after liquid contain zinc≤1g/L; Cross and filter cadmia; Liquid discharges through wastewater treatment behind the heavy zinc;
Above-mentioned liquid-solid ratio is the ratio of volume and quality, and volume is meant the volume of liquid, measure unit L, and quality is meant solid quality, measure unit kg.
2. according to claim 1 from germanic material the comprehensive method that reclaims various valuable metals of wet method, it is characterized in that: described germanic material is: the 1. germanium concentrate of flotation from germanic ore deposit; The by product of 2. non-ferrous metal metallurgy flow process; 3. the processing byproduct of germanic coal and coal; 4. various waste materials in the germanium course of processing.
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| CN102392144A (en) * | 2011-11-07 | 2012-03-28 | 云南东昌金属加工有限公司 | Process method for recovering indium and germanium from germanium concentrate |
| CN102703695A (en) * | 2012-06-15 | 2012-10-03 | 广西金山铟锗冶金化工有限公司 | Method for comprehensively recovering iron and germanium from zinc calcine containing high iron and high indium |
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| CN109439897A (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2019-03-08 | 衡阳恒荣高纯半导体材料有限公司 | Germanic organic matter produces germanium tetrachloride new process |
| CN111074082B (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2021-08-20 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for preparing germanium chloride from tannin germanium slag by microwave one-step method |
| CN112662898A (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-04-16 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for efficiently extracting germanium from zinc-germanium leaching solution |
| CN113337723A (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2021-09-03 | 广东先导稀材股份有限公司 | Method for separating and extracting silver, palladium, copper and germanium from silver separating slag |
| CN113430399A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-09-24 | 红河学院 | Method for recovering germanium and floating leached residues to co-produce high-quality coal in pressurized oxygen germanium leaching coal mine |
| CN113969356A (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2022-01-25 | 六盘水中联工贸实业有限公司 | Method for separating zinc and germanium from zinc smelting slag by using titanium dioxide |
| CN114887755B (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2023-05-12 | 中国矿业大学 | Full-size-fraction sorting pre-enrichment process of coal-series co-associated mineral germanium |
| CN115637338B (en) * | 2022-10-15 | 2023-10-13 | 云南驰宏资源综合利用有限公司 | Method for leaching germanium from high-silicon zinc oxide smoke dust |
| CN116640928B (en) * | 2023-07-27 | 2023-10-20 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for co-treatment of germanium chloride distillation residues and lead-zinc smelting acid wastewater |
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| CN101638725A (en) * | 2009-08-14 | 2010-02-03 | 扬州宁达贵金属有限公司 | Method for enriching germanium concentrates from low-germanium coal dust |
| CN101906542A (en) * | 2010-08-11 | 2010-12-08 | 云南蓝湾矿业有限公司 | Method for recovering germanium from flyash by wet process |
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| CA2580398C (en) * | 2004-09-29 | 2013-01-22 | Umicore | Process for the production of ge by reduction of geci4, with liquid metal |
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| CN101638725A (en) * | 2009-08-14 | 2010-02-03 | 扬州宁达贵金属有限公司 | Method for enriching germanium concentrates from low-germanium coal dust |
| CN101906542A (en) * | 2010-08-11 | 2010-12-08 | 云南蓝湾矿业有限公司 | Method for recovering germanium from flyash by wet process |
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