CN102092274A - 混合动力车辆 - Google Patents

混合动力车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102092274A
CN102092274A CN2010105826575A CN201010582657A CN102092274A CN 102092274 A CN102092274 A CN 102092274A CN 2010105826575 A CN2010105826575 A CN 2010105826575A CN 201010582657 A CN201010582657 A CN 201010582657A CN 102092274 A CN102092274 A CN 102092274A
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battery
storage battery
threshold value
vehicle
stroke
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迈克尔.波特
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/40—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for controlling a combination of batteries and fuel cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/28—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/46—Series type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
    • B60L50/62—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles charged by low-power generators primarily intended to support the batteries, e.g. range extenders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/24—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means
    • B60W10/26—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2510/24—Energy storage means
    • B60W2510/242—Energy storage means for electrical energy
    • B60W2510/244—Charge state
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2540/00—Input parameters relating to occupants
    • B60W2540/06—Ignition switch
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种混合动力车辆的蓄电池充电***(10、60)，其中，设置有一由使用者操纵的开关(40)用于在延长的行程时在相比于正常行程较早阶段激发发动机(12)为蓄电池(20)充电。设置一传感器(24)用于检测蓄电池的充电状态水平，将该传感器的输出值在比较器(26)处与一个由开关(40)设定的阈值比较。

Description

混合动力车辆
技术领域
本发明涉及一种混合动力车辆并且尤其涉及一种用于混合动力车辆的蓄电池充电***。
背景技术
外接充电式混合动力电动车辆(plug-in hybrid electric vehicle)和增程型电动车辆(range extended electric vehicle)具有为它们的所有者带来可观的燃料成本节约的潜力并且最终可以降低对石油的依赖性。对于这种车辆(尤其是增程型电动车辆)，可达到的性能与用于提供动力或对传统内燃机进行补充的蓄电池中的电量的可用性有关。一旦电量耗尽，则会降低车辆的性能。
在现有的混合动力车辆中，当蓄电池的充电水平低于一个固定的阈值时，内燃机被自动激发为蓄电池充电。这种设置的缺点是，相同的阈值可能不适用于所有可能发生的情况。
发明内容
本发明一个方面的目的在于避免蓄电池电力耗尽并且车辆不能恰当运行的情况或至少降低其发生的次数。
本发明另一个方面的目的在于提供一种混合动力车辆的蓄电池充电***，其中，蓄电池的充电可以考虑当前或预计的运行状况。
为实现按本发明第一方面的目的，本发明提供了一种运行混合动力车辆的方法，其中，在正常行程中，当蓄电池的变量值低于一个预设的阈值时，激发发动机来为蓄电池充电，而在艰难或长途行程中，当所述变量值低于一个更高的阈值时，激发所述发动机来为蓄电池充电。
因此，当使用者预计会过度使用车辆时，包括蓄电池上的负荷比正常情况的负荷更高时，可以提高阈值来降低蓄电池充电量耗尽的风险。
该车辆优选具有一个由使用者操纵的按钮或其它开关元件来设定升高的阈值。
与阈值进行比较的变量优选是蓄电池充电的状态。
阈值可以在行程开始之前设定。
使用者在任何时候都可以用按钮或开关元件使发动机为蓄电池充电。
为实现按本发明第二方面的目的，本发明提供了一种混合动力车辆的蓄电池充电***，其包括一蓄电池、一蓄电池变量传感器和一个比较器，该比较器与传感器的输出端连接并且将蓄电池变量的当前值与可调的阈值进行比较，所述***还包括一个蓄电池充电装置，该装置与比较器的输出端连接并且设计为在所述蓄电池变量低于当前设定的阈值时为蓄电池充电。
上述***的一个优点是，它使得使用者能够在默认的设定预计不能维持足够的性能的情况下设定由发动机开始为蓄电池充电的阈值。
可以在两个或多个不连续的水平上设定阈值，或者可选地，可以在两个极限值之间连续地设定阈值。这两种设置均可以根据预计的行程长度或行程的困难程度设定不同的阈值。
可选地，发动机可以随时被激发来为蓄电池充电。这等同于将阈值设定为相当于蓄电池的正常充电状态的值或高于该值。这种设定选择用于预计特别长或特别费力的行程，例如包括很多陡坡的行程。另外，该设定选择用于特别重要的行程，例如紧急情况的行程，此时可靠地完成行程比所有其它考虑都重要。
附图说明
现在仅示例性地参照附图阐述本发明的优选实施形式。在附图中：
图1是按本发明第一种实施形式的、用于混合动力车辆的蓄电池充电***的简图；以及
图2是按本发明第二种实施形式的、用于增程型车辆的蓄电池充电***的简图。
具体实施方式
在本说明书中使用的词语“混合动力车辆”包括所有混合动力电动车辆、外接充电式混合动力电动车辆(PHEV)和增程型车辆(REV)等。所述的“混合动力车辆”尤其包括所有带内燃机(或其它第二动力源)的车辆，不管该动力源是否能够直接驱动车辆的车轮或车辆的其它推进部件，并且该车辆带有一个或多个蓄电池，该蓄电池能够为驱动车轮或其它推进部件的电动机提供动力。
车辆可以具有任意期望数量的车轮。这种车辆可以是摩托车，因此涉及到驱动车轮时除了复数也包括单个驱动轮。按本发明的***可以使用在包括越野车在内的其它类型的车辆中或火车中。参照附图，图1示出了混合动力车辆的，通常是轿车或其它道路车辆的蓄电池充电***10。该***包括内燃机12，该内燃机能够直接为驱动传动轮系14提供机械的输出能量，以驱动车辆的车轮。发动机12也能够为发电机16供应机械的输出能量，发电机16为驱动蓄电池20供电。在需要时，蓄电池20为电动机22供电，电动机22转而为用于车辆车轮的驱动传动轮系14提供机械的输出能量。在车辆停放时，可以通过连接到标示为50的馈电线为蓄电池充电。
蓄电池20的充电状态由充电水平传感器24测得，该传感器将相应的输出信号通过线路31输送到比较器26的第一输入端。还设有一个开关40，该开关的输出在线路32上输送到比较器26的第二输入端。开关40由驾驶员或车辆的其他使用者手动操纵。例如，它可以通过仪表板上的一个按钮操纵。
开关40的输入端有选择地连接到两个输入端子41、42之一的相应电压电平上。端子41、42上的电压设定与线路31上的信号作比较的相应阈值水平。
当线路31上的信号低于在线路32上设定的特定阈值时，内燃机12被激发用于给发电机16提供能量来为蓄电池20充电。持续为蓄电池充电直到超过线路32上的阈值。如果在线路31上的信号低于阈值时，发动机12还没有开始运转，那么启动该发动机来提供所需的能量。然而，如果发动机已经在驱动车轮，则发动机输出的适当的一部分被提供给发电机16。这可能导致发动机的机械输出升高，因此发动机继续以同等水平给驱动传动轮系14供应能量并且额外向发电机16供应能量。可选地，将供应给驱动传动轮系14的能量中的一部分会转移给发电机16，因此供应给驱动传动轮系的能量减少。
供应给端子41的电压相应于适合车辆正常运行的阈值，也就是正常长度的行程(例如正常持续时间的行程，在该行程结束时蓄电池可以从馈电线50充电)。供应给端子42的电压相应于更高的阈值。该阈值适合长途行程或那些预计会特别费力的行程。更高的阈值向比较器26发出信号，表示发动机应该比正常情况更早地开始为蓄电池充电。车辆使用者通常在行程开始之前或行程开始时操纵开关40来选择阈值，但是可以在任何时间进行选择或改变选择。
上述设置的一个优点是，蓄电池的电量不会耗尽并且车辆运行仍然让人满意。因为这个特征只会偶然地被使用，驾驶员会在例如正常的上下班行程中体验到电力驱动的益处，而会在预计超过正常蓄电池范围的情况下具有更大的车辆效用。
在一种优选的实施形式中，传感器24检测蓄电池电压来监测充电状态。可选地，可以用化学的、电流整合的或压力方法确定蓄电池的充电状态。
在一种变型方案中，传感器24通过任何适当的传感装置实现，所述传感装置可以包括已经设置在***中的、用于其它目的的一个或多个传感器。
可以对上述的设置进行各种的变型设计。例如开关40可以具有多于两个的输入端子，从而阈值可以被设定为相应数量的值。因此，可以相应于正常、长途和非常长的行程提供三种设置。开关可以实现为按钮或其它输入装置，开关的操纵产生暂时的电流或电压脉冲用于在控制装置中设置相应的比特位(bit)。替代若干不连续的值，阈值输入装置可以包括电位计或用于在线路32上提供连续的或模拟的值的其它装置。这使得阈值的设定可更精细。
可以设置一个附加的超越控制(override)开关元件，该开关元件由车辆使用者操纵，并且致使发动机持续地为蓄电池充电，也就是在整个行程中为发电机提供机械输出来为蓄电池充电。这有效地将阈值设置为等于或大于蓄电池的正常充电状态水平。
发电机16可用来直接驱动电动机22。
这种设置可以用于所有类型的混合动力车辆中。例如车辆可以没有外接充电设备，因此没有提供将蓄电池连接到馈电线或其它外部能量供给的选择。
图2示出了按本发明第二种实施形式的、用于增程型车辆的蓄电池充电***60。与图1中的实施形式相同的元件具有相同的附图标记。
在这种实施形式中，只有电动机22能够直接驱动车轮。在车辆正常使用时，当汽车静止时，蓄电池20的主要能量供应来自如馈电线50这样的外部能量供应。在一些行程中，发动机12可能只在特述环境中使用，甚至可能根本不使用。对于延长的行程，按本发明的***在一个比在正常行程中设想的时间提前很多的阶段启动发动机12。
可以对第二种实施形式进行与第一种实施形式相同的变型设计。
为了使蓄电池能够在行程开始之前被充电，上述实施形式中的任一种可以包括一个附加的、由使用者操纵的开关，使得发动机能够在车辆停放时运行发电机为蓄电池充电。这种***在本申请人同日提交的、名称为“BatteryCharging System for Hybrid Vehicles(用于混合动力车辆的蓄电池充电***)”的共同未决的申请中公开。该共同未决的申请也公开了一种使用发动机为混合动力车辆的蓄电池充电的方法，其中，当车辆行驶时，检测蓄电池充电状态水平，并且当其小于一个预设的阈值时，自动地激发发动机为蓄电池充电，而在车辆停放时，手动激活开关元件使发动机运行来给蓄电池充电。在此，通过援引该共同未决的申请而将其内容也作为本申请公开内容的一部分。
尽管提到的是一个蓄电池20，但可以理解为该蓄电池通常由一系列蓄电池组成。
附图标记清单
10蓄电池充电***
12内燃机
14驱动传动轮系
16发电机
20蓄电池
22电动机
24充电水平传感器
26比较器
31，32比较器输入线路
40开关
41，42输入端子
50馈电线
60蓄电池充电***

Claims (15)

1.一种用于运行混合动力车辆的方法，其中，在正常行程中，当车辆的蓄电池变量的值低于一个预设的阈值时，激发所述车辆的发动机(12)为所述蓄电池(20)充电，以及在艰难或长途行程中，当所述变量值低于一个更高的阈值时，激发所述发动机来为所述蓄电池充电。
2.按权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述车辆包括一个带有由使用者操纵的输入控制元件(40)的蓄电池控制器，使用者可操纵该输入控制元件(40)来设定所述阈值。
3.按权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中，可以在行程开始之前设定所述阈值。
4.按前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中，可以将所述阈值设定在两个或多个不连续的水平上。
5.按权利要求1至3之一所述的方法，其中，所述阈值能够在两个极限值之间连续地被调节。
6.按前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述蓄电池变量是所述蓄电池(20)充电的状态。
7.按前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中，在整个延长的行程期间控制所述发动机(12)始终为所述蓄电池(20)充电。
8.一种混合动力车辆的蓄电池充电***(10、60)，其包括一个蓄电池(20)、一个蓄电池变量传感器(24)和一个比较器(26)，该比较器与所述传感器的输出端连接并且该比较器将蓄电池变量的当前值与可调的阈值进行比较，所述***还包括一个蓄电池充电装置(12、16)，该装置与比较器的输出端连接并且设计用于在所述蓄电池变量低于当前设定的阈值时为所述蓄电池充电。
9.按权利要求8所述的***，其中，所述蓄电池充电装置是由车辆的内燃机(12)驱动的发电机(16)。
10.按权利要求8或9所述的***，其中，所述变量是所述蓄电池(20)充电的状态。
11.按权利要求8至10之一所述的***，其中，所述阈值通过由使用者操纵的控制元件(40)设定。
12.按权利要求11所述的***，其中，所述阈值可设定到两个或多个不连续的水平上。
13.按权利要求11所述的***，其中，所述阈值可以在两个极限值之间连续地设定。
14.按权利要求11至13之一所述的***，其中，设有一单独的、由使用者操纵的控制元件来使所述蓄电池充电装置在车辆运行过程中随时为所述蓄电池充电。
15.一种混合动力车辆，其带有按权利要求8至14之一所述的蓄电池充电***。
CN2010105826575A 2009-12-14 2010-12-10 混合动力车辆 Pending CN102092274A (zh)

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