CN102092229B - Manufacturing process of clay ornaments - Google Patents
Manufacturing process of clay ornaments Download PDFInfo
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- CN102092229B CN102092229B CN 201010570967 CN201010570967A CN102092229B CN 102092229 B CN102092229 B CN 102092229B CN 201010570967 CN201010570967 CN 201010570967 CN 201010570967 A CN201010570967 A CN 201010570967A CN 102092229 B CN102092229 B CN 102092229B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a manufacturing process of clay ornaments, clay with plasticity index of 5-9 is taken as raw material, and the following steps are adopted: the first step: pretreatment and drying; the second step: crushing or tabletting and aging; the third step: mould pressing; and the fourth step: air-drying and post-treatment. The clay with the better plasticity index is utilized, or thermal refining is performed on the ordinary clay so as to enable the clay to achieve the better plasticity range, and the clay ornaments with low cost, attractive appearance and no cracks can be simply and quickly manufactured through the processes of drying, crushing, aging and mould pressing; and various waterproof and weathering-proof fine ornaments with high degree of imitation of antique imitation, copper imitation and the like can be manufactured by coating waterproof coatings on the surfaces and coloring with paints.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field of clay technique, especially a kind of manufacture craft of clay decorative building material.
Background technology
At present, the ornaments such as article modelled after an antique, imitative copper product, clay figurine, mud picture, wall body brick are a feast for the eyes in market and museum, of all shapes and colors, rich and varied, and have higher artistic view, realistic, remarkably true to life, and suitable people appreciate and collection; And these ornaments adopt cement, gypsum or metal material manufacturing more, complex process, and raw material and cost of manufacture are high.Although adopt common earth with low cost, but air-dry rear easy cracking, therefore need to add stalk, fiber etc. and play the reinforcement anti-crack function, and complicate fabrication process, kiln need to be set usually fire, earth is fired be pottery, such as brick and tile, container, flowerpot etc., these finished surface quality are coarse, the phenomenon of can produce cracking, getting damp.By selecting special material, high-temperature firing and glazing operation, also can produce the porcelain of exquisite appearance, such as tableware, teapot, ceramic tile, statue etc., but cost is higher, and operation is more complicated.Adopt kiln to fire that not only energy consumption is large, seriously polluted, and the ceramic quality after firing is hard, can not reclaim after damaging fragmentation, do not meet the requirement of environmental protection.The surface treatment procedure costs such as glazing are higher, and can't produce the artistic effect such as copper modelled after an antique, imitative.
Summary of the invention
The applicant is for the complex manufacturing technology of clay ornament in the present prior art, the shortcomings such as cost is high, seriously polluted provide the manufacturing process of clay ornaments of a kind of simple process, finished product exquisite appearance, and cost is low, use extensively, and meet the requirement of environmental protection.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of manufacturing process of clay ornaments, take the clay of plasticity index as 5～9 as raw material, adopt following steps:
The first step, preliminary treatment is with dry: filter solid particle and the impurity removed in the mud, be dried to suitable moisture content, i.e. the tack-free degree of mud;
Second step is pulverized: dried clay powder is broken into graininess;
The 3rd step, mold pressing: the granulated clay mould cavity of packing into after will pulverizing, the employing forcing press carries out mold pressing, can extruding rapidly clear correct figure as standard, after the compacting with the moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake demoulding;
The 4th step, air-dry and post processing: with the moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake natural air drying, adopt water-repellent paint to carry out the surface and apply.
It is further characterized in that: being dried to moisture content in the described first step is 1%～8%.
Being crushed to granularity in the described second step is 10～100 orders.
A kind of manufacturing process of clay ornaments, take the clay of plasticity index as 5～9 as raw material, adopt following steps:
The first step, preliminary treatment: adopt pug mill to practice system behind the solid particle in the filtration removal mud and the impurity;
Second step, compressing tablet and ageing: the clay compressing tablet is cut into blank and carried out ageing 1～15 day;
The 3rd step, mold pressing: with the sheet blank mould cavity of packing into, adopt forcing press to carry out mold pressing, can extruding rapidly clear correct figure as standard, after the compacting with the moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake demoulding;
The 4th step, air-dry and post processing: with the moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake natural air drying, adopt water-repellent paint to carry out the surface and apply.
It is further characterized in that: described clay employing plasticity index is 7.6～8.2 Hui Shanni.
Described clay is 5～9 clay by unselected clay with being made as plasticity index after adhesive mixes.
Described adhesive is environment-friendly type building glue, and the weight ratio of glue and clay is 0.05～0.1:1.
Mold pressing pressure is 3～30MPa in described the 3rd step.
Described water-repellent paint is benzene emulsion or acrylic acid ester emulsion.
Post processing also comprises the pigment coloring step described in the 4th step, on the moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake surface or water-repellent paint surface adopt mill base to carry out painted and polishing, dry rear surface applies water-repellent paint again.
The present invention utilizes the more excellent clay of plasticity index, perhaps unselected clay is carried out modifier treatment, make it reach more excellent plasticity scope, by dry, pulverizing and mould pressing process, can Simple fast produce is with low cost, good looking appearance, do not have the clay ornament of crackle; Apply water-repellent paint and pigment colouring by the surface, can produce various copper equal altitudes emulation modelled after an antique, imitative and the weatherproof exquisite ornament of waterproof.
The present invention need to be in clay the cracking-resistant material such as doping fiber, more do not need to adopt kiln to fire, directly clay can be made by pressure forming and natural air drying, green energy conservation and pollution-free, select different moulds and aftertreatment technology can produce flexibly varied clay ornament, satisfy the demand of various application occasions.Utilize the natural clay straight forming, earth is not carried out modification, but earth direct reuse after therefore broken meets the requirement of environmental protection.
Mold pressing after the present invention adopts and pulverizes, mold pressing after the ageing, and at moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake surface coating water-repellent paint, the FAQs such as solved the incident cracking of mud product, shrink, get damp, can produce the high-quality decorative product of appearance looks elegant, dimensionally stable, not only have wide market prospects, and effectively solve the roach stacking problem that building industry produces, have the significant value of environmental protection.
The specific embodiment
Raw material of the present invention one adopt the clay that impurity is few, purity good, fineness is thin take the favour mountain mud of Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province as Typical Representative, the main speciality of this type of clay is as follows: fineness is 0.45～0.28um, drying shrinkage is 10%～23%, plasticity index is 7.6～8.2, dry rear intensity 13～29.6mN/m
2In above-mentioned each index, fineness refers to the clay particle average diameter; Drying shrinkage refers to clay when natural drying, and moisture is wherein discharged gradually, and particle is arranged tight, close mutually, is directed at the ratio of volume contraction; Plasticity refers to that clay is after adding an amount of water, mix forging, beat and whip, crumple, the performance that can mould after agglomerating, the higher then plasticity of index is better, and the assay method of plasticity index can be measured with reference to " YB/T 5119-1993 clayey and High-Alumina plastic refractory plasticity index test method ".Usually fineness is thinner, and plasticity is stronger, and drying shrinkage is larger, and dried intensity is also higher.
Hui Shanni is dry in 115 ℃ of constant temperatures in the curium stove, then a certain amount of dried earth is put into the crucible burning of heating, carry out chemical analysis burning surplus filter residue, the comparing result of favour mountain mud and other unselected clay is as shown in table 1.
Table 1: the chemical analysis results of favour mountain mud and unselected clay
| Analysis project | Favour mountain mud | Unselected clay |
| Weight difference after the burning | 10.10% | 8.50% |
| Change color | Brown---〉bronzing | Shallow palm fibre--〉eggshell is white |
| Filter residue (aluminium silicon mixture) | 74.90% | 82.10% |
| Iron oxide | 4.03% | 0.50% |
| Magnesia | 0.25% | 1.41% |
| Calcium oxide | 0.02% | 0.15% |
| Zinc oxide | 0.01% | 0 |
Relatively can find out from above chemical analysis, the method for double differences is large after the burning of favour mountain mud, and organic matter is more than other mud, and aluminium silicon mixture lacks than other mud, and these meet the thin characteristic of favour mountain mud fineness, so plasticity is fine.
Raw material two of the present invention can improve its plasticity by interpolation adhesive after unselected clay being removed impurity, for example add an amount of environment-friendly type 801 adhesive, make the plasticity index of clay reach 5～9.For unselected clay, the adhesive of interpolation and the weight ratio of clay are 0.05～0.1:1.
The first embodiment of the present invention comprises the steps: preliminary treatment and drying, pulverizing, mold pressing, air-dry and post processing.
The first step: preliminary treatment is with dry.Be that clay in 5～9 scopes filter to be removed solid particle and the impurity in the mud with plasticity index, accumulation deposit and natural air drying are to being advisable so that mud is tack-free, and moisture content is 1%～8% usually.
Second step: pulverize.The dried clay powder of previous step is broken into graininess, and granularity is 10～100 orders.
The 3rd step: mold pressing.According to the constancy of volume principle, with the granular clay mould cavity of packing into, adopt forcing press that patrix is depressed, after the compacting with the moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake demoulding.According to the embossment depth, the careful degree of flower type size is different, can select the corresponding pressure between 3Mpa～30Mpa to carry out pressure testing, extrudes qualified colored type take most economical full blast ground as standard.
The 4th step: air-dry and post processing.With moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake natural air drying 1～4 day, namely can obtain self-colored clay ornament.Behind the moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake natural air drying, brush again the water-repellent paint of layer of transparent on the surface, for example can adopt benzene emulsion, benzene emulsion is the commercially available prod, is got milky white liquid, band blue light through emulsion copolymerization by styrene and acrylate monomer; Solids content 40～45%, viscosity 80～1500mPas, level of residual monomers 0.5%, pH value 8～9; Benzene emulsion adhesive force is good, and glued membrane is transparent, and water-fast, oil resistant, heat-resisting, ageing-resistant performance is good.Perhaps also can adopt for example acrylic acid ester emulsion of other water-repellent paints, acrylic acid ester emulsion is commercially available chemical industry resistant material, compares with epoxy resin mortar with tradition, and the acrylic acid ester emulsion cost is low, easy construction; Acrylic acid ester emulsion construction can manually be smeared, but also mechanically spraying; Nontoxic, thermal adaptability is good, anti-atmospheric aging.
The present invention can adopt pigment that moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake is carried out surface colour, both can directly adopt commercially available colour carbon black mill base to be coated with on the moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake surface that degree of drying is fit to, also can after adopting the benzene emulsion coating film forming, adopt the mill base coating that contains colour carbon black; Surperficial with the cloth that is fit to or sand paper wiping or the dyed layer of polishing afterwards until the mill base drying, the true qualities of moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake are exposed in the part, obtain desirable texture, behind the cleaning dust, again with benzene emulsion or the coating of pure acrylate emulsion one time or multipass, until reach desirable case hardness and waterproof degree.Because the true qualities of moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake are close to coppery, and the colour carbon black color paste layer after the process polishing presents effects mottled and vicissitudes, therefore can produce imitative copper and antique effect true to nature, and treatment process are simple, cost is low.
Another embodiment of the invention also can adopt following steps to carry out, preliminary treatment, section and ageing, mold pressing, air-dry and post processing, different from the first embodiment is: in the first step preliminary treatment be that clay in 5～9 scopes filters solid particle and the impurity of removing in the mud with plasticity index, send into the pug mill white silk and become the pug of moisture content below 18%; Then second step is sent clay into the cylinder Mechanical pressing, be cut into the size value after designed product size is considered shrinkage factor, square final products of 30cm x 30cm for example, the complete slice moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake that needs 35cm x 35cm, thickness is generally 0.3～5cm, carries out 1～15 day ripening in the ageing chamber.The purpose of ageing is to make molecular structure more even, simultaneously realizes evenly drying in the shade contraction in this process, has reduced dimensional contraction risk after the mold pressing, has guaranteed the stability of product quality.The 3rd step did not need to pulverize before the mold pressing, and directly cutting and ageing clay that finish, that the meet die size mould cavity of packing into is suppressed, and subsequent step is identical with the first embodiment.This embodiment key is to carry out ripening after the clay stripping and slicing, and clay is inner basically identical with surface moisture content after the ageing, thereby can not cause more greatly shrinking the uneven situation that produces cracking because of inside and outside moisture content difference in pressing process; And substantially finish dry the contraction, and larger contraction can not occur therefore after compacting, cause the unsettled situation of product size.
Table 2 is the specific embodiment and testing result form, and wherein embodiment one～embodiment three is the comparative example, and embodiment four～embodiment seven is specific embodiments of the invention.
From relatively can finding out of table 2:
Embodiment one crackle namely occurs after adopting unselected clay to suppress after the demoulding, air-dry rear dry and cracked serious, very easily air-dry broken with cracking.
Without pulverizing and ageing, monoblock is placed on mould inner pressure system to embodiment two with Hui Shanni, and crackle appears in air-dry rear surface, places for a long time the rear surface and the earth dust occurs.
Embodiment three employing moisture content are 5% Hui Shanni, be crushed to 50 orders, adopt less pressure to carry out mold pressing, during the demoulding, the air-dry rear crackle that all do not occur, but because water-proofing treatment is not carried out on the surface, therefore the rear product of long-time placement can shrink and expand, and size is unstable, and a small amount of earth dust can appear in the surface.
It is 3% Hui Shanni that embodiment four adopts moisture content, is crushed to 10 orders, adopts suitable pressure to carry out mold pressing, during the demoulding, the air-dry rear crackle that all do not occur; Then at surface coating one deck benzene emulsion, flawless produces also without any weathering and change in size after long-time the placement, and can use wet cloth wiped clean.
It is 8% Hui Shanni that embodiment five adopts moisture content, is crushed to 100 orders, adopts suitable pressure to carry out mold pressing, during the demoulding, the air-dry rear crackle that all do not occur; Then apply one deck benzene emulsion on the surface, be coated with one deck benzene emulsion after applying color again again, flawless produces also without any weathering after long-time the placement, and dimensionally stable, and effective waterproof, whole product are dipped in the water 48 hours and are not any change.
Embodiment six adds adhesive with unselected clay, makes the plasticity index of clay reach 5～9, and being dried to moisture content is 5%, is crushed to 100 orders, adopts suitable pressure to carry out mold pressing, during the demoulding, the air-dry rear crackle that all do not occur; Then apply one deck benzene emulsion on the surface, be coated with one deck benzene emulsion after applying color again again, flawless produces also without any weathering after long-time the placement, and dimensionally stable, and effective waterproof, whole product are dipped in the water 48 hours and are not any change.
Embodiment seven is cut into Hui Shanni thin of 30x30x1cm, and ageing 3 days adopts suitable pressure to carry out mold pressing, during the demoulding, the air-dry rear crackle that all do not occur; Then apply one deck benzene emulsion on the surface, be coated with one deck benzene emulsion after applying color again again, flawless produces also without any weathering after long-time the placement, and dimensionally stable, and effective waterproof can bear the cloth scouring of wetting.
Table 2: the specific embodiment and contrast table as a result
| Project | Embodiment one | Embodiment two | Embodiment three | Embodiment four | Embodiment five | Embodiment six | Embodiment seven |
| Raw material | Unselected clay | Favour mountain mud | Favour mountain mud | Favour mountain mud | Favour mountain mud | Unselected clay+adhesive | Favour mountain mud |
| Moisture content | 5% | 5% | 5% | 3% | 8% | 5% | 5% |
| Pulverize the order number | 50 orders | Without pulverizing and ageing, directly monoblock compacting | 50 orders | 10 orders | 100 orders | 50 orders | Ageing is 3 days behind the stripping and slicing 30x30x1cm |
| Molding pressure | 20Mpa | 20Mpa | 3Mpa | 20Mpa | 30Mpa | 30Mpa | 30Mpa |
| Air-dry time | 3 days | 3 days | 3 days | 3 days | 1 day | 3 days | 3 days |
| Surface treatment | Nothing | Nothing | Nothing | The surface applies one deck benzene emulsion | The surface applies one deck benzene emulsion, is coated with one deck benzene emulsion after applying color again again | The surface applies one deck benzene emulsion, is coated with one deck benzene emulsion after applying color again again | The surface applies one deck benzene emulsion, is coated with one deck benzene emulsion after applying color again again |
| The cracking test | Not quite clear | Surface flawless during the demoulding, the visual visible crack of air-dry rear appearance | During the demoulding, air-dry rear flawless, place for a long time also flawless | During the demoulding, air-dry rear flawless, place for a long time also flawless | During the demoulding, air-dry rear flawless, place for a long time also flawless | During the demoulding, air-dry rear flawless, place for a long time also flawless | During the demoulding, air-dry rear flawless, place for a long time also flawless |
| Waterproof test | Can not waterproof | Can not waterproof | Can not waterproof | Wet cloth wiped clean can be used in the surface | Can bear regular immersion cleans | Can bear regular immersion cleans | Can bear regular immersion cleans |
| The weathering test | Easy-weathering is broken with cracking | The earth dust appears in the surface | A small amount of earth dust appears in the surface | Without any weathering | Without any weathering | Without any weathering | Without any weathering |
Above description is explanation of the invention, is not that limited range of the present invention is referring to claim, in the situation that without prejudice to spirit of the present invention, the present invention can do any type of modification to the restriction of invention.For example adopt other waterproof materials to carry out the surface and apply, perhaps in unselected clay, add other adhesive to improve the plasticity of clay.
Claims (10)
1. manufacturing process of clay ornaments is characterized in that: take the clay of plasticity index as 5～9 as raw material, adopt following steps:
The first step, preliminary treatment is with dry: filter solid particle and the impurity removed in the clay, be dried to suitable moisture content, i.e. tack-free degree;
Second step is pulverized: dried clay powder is broken into graininess;
The 3rd step, mold pressing: the granulated clay mould cavity of packing into after will pulverizing, the employing forcing press carries out mold pressing, can extruding rapidly clear correct figure as standard, after the compacting with the moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake demoulding;
The 4th step, air-dry and post processing: with the moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake natural air drying, adopt water-repellent paint to carry out the surface and apply.
2. according to manufacturing process of clay ornaments claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: being dried to moisture content in the described first step is 1%～8%.
3. according to manufacturing process of clay ornaments claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: being crushed to granularity in the described second step is 10～100 orders.
4. manufacturing process of clay ornaments is characterized in that: take the clay of plasticity index as 5～9 as raw material, adopt following steps:
The first step, preliminary treatment: adopt pug mill to practice system behind the solid particle in the filtration removal clay and the impurity;
Second step, compressing tablet and ageing: the clay compressing tablet is cut into blank and carried out ageing 1～15 day;
The 3rd step, mold pressing: with the sheet blank mould cavity of packing into, adopt forcing press to carry out mold pressing, can extruding rapidly clear correct figure as standard, after the compacting with the moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake demoulding;
The 4th step, air-dry and post processing: with the moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake natural air drying, adopt water-repellent paint to carry out the surface and apply.
5. according to claim 1 or manufacturing process of clay ornaments claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: described clay employing plasticity index is 7.6～8.2 Hui Shanni.
6. according to claim 1 or manufacturing process of clay ornaments claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: described clay is 5～9 clay by unselected clay with being made as plasticity index after adhesive mixes.
7. according to manufacturing process of clay ornaments claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that: described adhesive is environment-friendly type building glue, and the weight ratio of glue and clay is 0.05～0.1:1.
8. according to claim 1 or manufacturing process of clay ornaments claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: mold pressing pressure is 3～30MPa in described the 3rd step.
9. according to claim 1 or manufacturing process of clay ornaments claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: described water-repellent paint is benzene emulsion or acrylic acid ester emulsion.
10. according to claim 1 or manufacturing process of clay ornaments claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: post processing also comprises the pigment coloring step described in the 4th step, on the moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake surface or water-repellent paint surface adopt mill base to carry out painted and polishing, dry rear surface applies water-repellent paint again.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104433597A (en) * | 2014-12-02 | 2015-03-25 | 李裕森 | Manufacturing method of black brick tea set |
| CN104497487A (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2015-04-08 | 无锡伊诺永利文化创意有限公司 | Environment-friendly artware raw material formula |
| CN104924830B (en) * | 2015-05-27 | 2018-01-23 | 无锡泥研坊文化创意有限公司 | Mud coin manufacture craft |
| DE102016109816A1 (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2017-11-30 | Udo Tartler | Method and device in particular for applying clay to a surface |
| CN108658581B (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2021-03-05 | 界首市东城群海彩陶工作室 | Preparation method of painted pottery pug |
| CN111516424A (en) * | 2020-05-17 | 2020-08-11 | 深圳市手足情文化艺术有限公司 | Method for making clay thin sheet and color-overlapped three-dimensional decorative picture |
| CN113650447A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-11-16 | 广东始创文化艺术发展有限公司 | Manufacturing process of simulated human ultralight clay skeleton color-plastic skin |
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| CN101524944A (en) * | 2008-03-07 | 2009-09-09 | 曹丽丽 | Method for fabricating clay sculpture craftwork |
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| JP2005297526A (en) * | 2004-04-13 | 2005-10-27 | Pajiko:Kk | Method for preparing clay molded article with decorative pattern |
| JP2005343154A (en) * | 2004-05-31 | 2005-12-15 | Pajiko:Kk | Method for making clay shaped article with decorative pattern |
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| CN1715082A (en) * | 2005-06-28 | 2006-01-04 | 赵建高 | Sintered clay figurine and its making method |
| CN101524944A (en) * | 2008-03-07 | 2009-09-09 | 曹丽丽 | Method for fabricating clay sculpture craftwork |
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| JP特开2005-343154A 2005.12.15 |
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