CN102084601A - 分布式天线分集传输方法 - Google Patents

分布式天线分集传输方法 Download PDF

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CN102084601A
CN102084601A CN2009801054171A CN200980105417A CN102084601A CN 102084601 A CN102084601 A CN 102084601A CN 2009801054171 A CN2009801054171 A CN 2009801054171A CN 200980105417 A CN200980105417 A CN 200980105417A CN 102084601 A CN102084601 A CN 102084601A
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CN102084601B (zh
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A·哈菲兹
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Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/022Site diversity; Macro-diversity
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0426Power distribution
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0456Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
    • H04B7/046Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting taking physical layer constraints into account
    • H04B7/0465Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting taking physical layer constraints into account taking power constraints at power amplifier or emission constraints, e.g. constant modulus, into account
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/08Access point devices
    • H04W88/085Access point devices with remote components
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02DCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
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    • Y02D30/70Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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Abstract

分布式天线***采用需要受限信道信息反馈和比信息广播所需的更少的信号间相干性的下行链路传输方法。分布式天线被看作是具有给定功率分配的分集天线。每个天线可通过发射它们信号的加权和来向多个UE发射,并且多个天线可通过发射加权空间-时间(或空间-频率)编码信号来向一个UE发射。通过以按天线功率约束最大化最小UE信息率或最小UE平均信噪比来确定功率分配权重。

Description

分布式天线分集传输方法
技术领域
本发明一般涉及无线通信***,并且更具体地说,涉及分布式天线分集传输方法以及对应的分布式天线***的资源分配方案。
背景技术
分布式天线***(DAS)包括空间上分布在地理位置并经回程连接到中央处理单元(CPU)的天线(或天线阵列)。CPU协调经分布式天线向该地理位置中所有用户设备(UE)的传输。已经显示出,DAS可通过向服务区中的多个UE广播信息在下行链路中实现高用户和总吞吐量。这在文章“On the achievable throughput of a multiantenna Gaussian broadcast channel”(by G.Caire and S.Shamai,published in the IEEE Trans.Info.Theory,vol.49,no.7,pp.1691-1706,July 2003)中有所描述,并且这篇文章通过参考结合于本文中。
在上面参考的文章中所描述的信息广播需要广播中所涉及的所有UE与所有分布式天线之间相当准确的传播信道知识。在时分双工(TDD)***中,可从上行链路信道获取这个知识。然而,在频分双工(FDD)***中,这个知识必须经反馈信道从UE反馈给基站天线,这给***容量增加了负担。另一个问题是,信息广播需要从分布式天线的信号发射高度相干。该方案相对于信道估计误差、反馈延迟和***同步误差不是非常健壮。
发明内容
根据本发明的一个或多个实施例,下行链路传输方法需要受限的信道信息反馈和比信息广播更少的从基站天线发射的信号间相干性。根据一个或多个实施例,分布式天线被看作是具有给定功率分配的分集天线。每个基站天线可通过简单地发射它们信号的加权和来向多个UE发射,并且多个基站天线可通过发射加权空间-时间编码信号向一个UE发射。通过施加具有按天线功率约束的最优功率分配策略来确定权重。
通过分布式天线向单个用户的空间-时间编码传输在现有技术中是已知的。见″Coded transmit macrodiversity:block spacetime codes over distributed antennas″(Y.Tang and M.C.Valenti,IEEE VTC Spring,pp.1435-1438,2001);“Transmit antenna selection with power and rate allocation for generalized distributed wireless communication systems”(S.Hah,S.Zhou,J.Wang and W.Park,IEEE PIMRC,pp.2430-2434,2005);以及“Suboptimal transmission of orthogonal space-time block codes over correlated distributed antennas″(S.Han,S.Zhou,J.Wang,V.O.K.Li and K.Park,IEEE Trans.Sig.Proc.Letters,vol.14,no.2,pp.89-92,Feb,2007),全都通过参考结合于本文中。根据一个或多个实施例,空间-时间编码信号被发射到多个用户。多用户情况根本上不同于单用户情况,因为多用户信号之间相互干扰。作为这个的结果,对于多用户***,不推荐为单用户***设计的功率分配权重。
附图说明
图1是从3个基站天线向2个用户设备发射信号的分布式天线***的功能框图。
图2是从分布式天线***向两个或更多用户设备发射信息信号的方法的两个实施例的流程图(这些实施例具有公共的方法步骤)。
具体实施方式
图1描绘了带有M=3个分布式基站天线和K=2个UE的分布式天线***(DAS),其中L个独立的平坦衰落信道(频率块(frequency chunk)或时隙)包括每个基站天线与每个UE之间的传播介质。对于信道1,在UE k的接收器接收的基带信号可写为:
y k , l ( n ) = Σ m = 1 M w k , l , m h k , l , m x k , l , m ( n ) + Σ i ≠ k Σ m = 1 M w i , l , m h i , l , m ( n ) + z k , l ( n )
其中hk,l,m和xi,l,m(n)分别是针对UE k与基站天线m之间的第1个信道的脉冲响应系数和在时间n发射的符号,并且zk,l(n)是UE k和信道1的具有零均值和单位方差的白高斯噪声的样本。在上式中,wk,l,m是UE k与基站天线m之间第1个信道的功率分配权重。全速率和全分集空间-时间(或空间-频率)代码用于在每个信道上从所有分布式天线(具有非零功率分配权重)向每个UE传送信息。例如,在仅存在具有用于在信道1上向UE k传输的非零权重的两个分布式天线m1和m2的情况下,发射的符号可根据Alamouti代码选择为:
x k,l,m1=[sk,l(1),sk,l(2),sk,l(3),sk,l(4),…]和
x ‾ k , l , m 2 = [ - s k , l * ( 2 ) , s k , l * ( 1 ) , - s k , l * ( 4 ) , s k , l * ( 3 ) , . . . ]
其中sk,l(n)是UE k的第1个信道的信道编码信息符号。
假设,每个UE的接收器知道它自己的信道脉冲响应系数和功率分配权重。接收器使用这些信道脉冲响应系数和功率分配权重的知识解码它的空间-时间代码块。信道1在UE k的接收器的信号干扰与噪声比(SINR)由下式给出:
SINR k , l = Σ m = 1 M w k , l , m p k , l , m 1 + Σ i ≠ k Σ m = 1 M w i , l , m p i , l , m
其中pk,l,m=|hk,l,m|2。可分配给UE k的信息率,单位是位/秒/赫兹,因此由下式给出:
Σ l = 1 L R k , l ( w k , l , m ) = Σ l = 1 L log ( 1 + Σ m = 1 M w k , l , m p k , l , m 1 + Σ i ≠ k Σ m = 1 M w i , l , m p i , l , m )
接下来,我们描述可如何设计功率分配权重。一个标准是,最大化总UE速率。然而,这一般导致UE间的高度不公平的速率分配。按照公平性的高度期望的标准是,最大化最小UE速率。在DAS的文献中已经广泛使用了对基站天线的总功率约束。然而,这种约束是不实际的,因为天线并不位于同一位置。由此,我们考虑在按天线功率约束下最大化最小UE速率,如下所述。
基于下面的标准设计权重:
max w k , l , m min k Σ l = 1 L R k , l ( w k , l , m ) - - - ( 1 )
使得满足约束:
Σ k = 1 K Σ l = 1 L w k , l , m = 1 ∀ m w k , l , m ≥ 0 ∀ k , l , m
一般而言,以上问题不是凸优化问题。然而,对于L=1的特殊情况,问题变得如下所示一样凸。可以观察到,对于L=1(对于信道0来说),我们有:
R k , 0 ( w k , 0 , m ) = - log ( 1 - Σ m = 1 M w k , 0 , m p k , 0 , m 1 + Σ i = 1 K Σ m = 1 M w i , 0 , m p i , 0 , m )
表达式(1)中的优化问题因此可表述为:
max w k , 0 , m ( min k Σ m = 1 M w k , 0 , m p k , 0 , m ) 1 + Σ i = 1 K Σ m = 1 M w i , 0 , m p i , 0 , m - - - ( 2 )
使得满足约束:
Σ k = 1 K w k , 0 , m = 1 ∀ m w k , 0 , m ≥ 0 ∀ k , m .
可以显示出,上述问题等效于:
max w k , 0 , m min k Σ m = 1 M w k , 0 , m p k , 0 , m - - - ( 3 )
使得满足约束:
Σ k = 1 K w k , 0 , m = 1 ∀ m w k , 0 , m ≥ 0 ∀ k , m
由于仿射表达式的最小值是凹的,所以问题变成可通过凸优化工具诸如CVX容易解决的凹表达式的最大化问题。在L>1的情况下,可以使用通用优化工具至少找到局部最大值。
在一个实施例中,UE向基站天线反馈瞬时信道功率pk,l,m。基站天线经回程向CPU转发这个信息。CPU根据优化标准诸如在按天线功率约束下最大化最小UE速率来确定功率分配权重wk,l,m。给每个基站天线和每个UE提供相关权重和速率信息(wk,l,m,Rk,l)。使用适当定维度的空间-时间或空间-频率代码,在根据权重信息对信号加权之后,基站天线向所有UE发射给定信息率的独立数据流。每个UE中的接收器通过使用权重信息和信道脉冲响应系数的估计解码空间-时间或空间-频率代码。
在另一个实施例中,UE向基站天线反馈平均接收信号功率基站天线经回程向CPU转发这个信息。CPU根据优化标准诸如在按天线功率约束下最大化最小UE平均SINR来确定功率分配权重wk,m。第k个UE的平均SINR定义为:
SINR ‾ k = Σ m = 1 M w k , m p ‾ k , m 1 + Σ i ≠ k Σ m = 1 M w i , m p ‾ i , m
注意,以上优化问题与对于L=1的已知瞬时信道功率最大化最小UE速率一样(表达式(3))。凸优化工具由此可用于在CPU找到权重。给每个基站天线和每个UE提供相关权重信息。UE然后估计具有非零权重的每个基站天线的信道脉冲响应系数。这些天线的瞬时信道功率被反馈给对应的天线,并从那到CPU上。使用该瞬时信道功率信息,CPU确定可分配给每个UE的信道的信息率Rk,l。速率信息被传到基站天线上。使用适当定维度的空间-时间或空间-频率代码,在根据权重信息对它们的信号加权之后,基站天线向所有UE发射给定信息率的独立数据流。每个UE中的接收器通过使用其权重信息以及其信道脉冲响应系数的估计解码空间-时间或空间-频率代码。
由于权重矩阵一般是稀疏的,因此对于每个UE,只有少数基站天线具有正权重。由此,本发明第二实施例中所需的信道信息反馈量显著地小于第一实施例。注意,代替反馈具有非零权重的每个基站的瞬时信道信息,UE可基于信道信息反馈期望的速率。
在实际DAS中,可在每个UE接收从许多基站天线发射的信号。可以非常低的功率接收这些信号中的一些。本领域技术人员将明白的是,这种信号可被认为是热噪声的一部分。这意味着,每个UE可具有不同的噪声方差。然而,可以用这个方差的平方根倒数来缩放所接收信号,以便使得在每个UE噪声方差为一(unity)。
图2描绘了从DAS向两个或更多UE发射信息信号的方法100的两个实施例。如上所述的第一实施例由图2中左手边的流程图描绘;上面描述的第二实施例由右手边流程图描绘。本领域的技术人员将认识到,根据任一实施例的方法100的步骤正在进行并继续。然而,方法100的第一实施例可说成“开始”于DAS的天线从每个UE接收瞬时信道功率信息(块102)时。天线向CPU发射瞬时信道功率信息,CPU计算在按天线功率约束下最大化最小UE数据速率的功率分配权重(块104)。CPU给天线指定功率分配权重(块106),天线向UE发射这些权重(块108)。DAS使用适当定维度的(在这个实施例中是全速率和全分集)空间-时间或空间-频率代码将送往两个或更多UE的信息信号编码(块110)。DAS然后从两个或更多天线向两个或更多UE发射已编码信息信号,在每个天线通过指定给该天线的非零功率分配权重为该信息信号加权(块112)。每个UE中的接收器使用信道脉冲响应系数的估计和天线的指定功率分配权重解码空间-时间或空间-频率代码(块114)。方法100然后重复。
方法100的第二实施例“开始”于DAS的天线从每个UE接收平均接收信号功率信息(块116)。天线向CPU发射平均接收信号功率信息,CPU计算在按天线功率约束下最大化最小UE平均SINR的功率分配权重(块118)。CPU给天线指定功率分配权重(块106),天线向UE发射权重(块108)。DAS然后从每个UE接收瞬时信道功率信息(块120)。天线向CPU发射瞬时信道功率信息,CPU确定可分配给每个UE的信道的信息率(块122)。DAS使用适当定维度的空间-时间或空间-频率代码以预定速率将送往两个或更多UE的信息信号编码(块110)。DAS然后从两个或更多天线向两个或更多UE发射已编码信息信号,在每个天线通过指定给该天线的非零功率分配权重为该信息信号加权(块112)。每个UE中的接收器使用信道脉冲响应系数的估计和天线的指定功率分配权重解码空间-时间或空间-频率代码(块114)。方法100然后重复。
在分布式天线***的下行链路中有利地采用根据本发明实施例的分集传输方案。在一个实施例中,瞬时信道功率被反馈给基站天线。在另一个实施例中,反馈所有天线的平均信道功率和少数天线的瞬时功率。在任一实施例中,比信息广播需要显著更少的信道信息反馈。在本发明中,可使用不需要来自分布式天线的相干传输的空间-时间代码。这些在文章“Space-time coding for distributed antenna arrays”(by D.Goeckel and Y.Hao,published in IEEE ICC,pp.747-751,2004)中有所描述,并且该文章通过参考结合于本文中。相比之下,在信息广播中所用的脏纸代码需要相干传输。
本发明的实施例组合了宏分集和微分集的好处。宏分集由分布式天线提供并有助于对抗路径损耗和遮蔽效应。微分集由空间-时间编码提供,这有助于缓解多径衰落效应。
分布式天线的功率分配权重设计成在按天线功率约束下最大化最小用户信息率。这导致具有实际约束的用户之间的公平资源分配。已经显示出,该方案执行得比相等功率分配更好。
当然,本发明可以与本文特别阐述的那些不同的其它方式执行,并不脱离本发明的实质特性。本发明实施例在所有方面都要被视为例证性的而非限制的,并且来自所附权利要求书的意义和等效范围内的所有改变都旨在被包含于其中。

Claims (19)

1.一种从分布式天线***向两个或更多用户设备UE发射信息信号的方法,其特征在于:
给两个或更多分布式天线中的每个指定非零功率分配权重;
使用空间-时间或空间-频率代码将到两个或更多UE的信息信号编码;以及
从所述两个或更多天线中的每个向所述两个或更多UE中的每个发射已编码信息信号,在每个天线通过指定给该天线的所述非零功率分配权重为所述信息信号加权。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中给两个或更多天线中的每个指定非零功率分配权重包括:计算在按天线功率约束下最大化最小UE信息率的功率分配权重。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征还在于:从每个UE接收瞬时信道功率信息,并响应于所述瞬时信道功率信息计算功率分配权重。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征还在于:向每个UE发射每个天线的计算的非零功率分配权重和所述UE信息率。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征还在于:通过使用信道脉冲响应系数的估计和权重信息在每个UE中解码所述空间-时间或空间-频率代码。
6.如权利要求2-5中任一项所述的方法,其中基于标准
Figure FPA00001204741100011
选择所述非零功率分配权重,使得满足约束 Σ k = 1 K Σ l = 1 L w k , l , m = 1 ∀ m w k , l , m ≥ 0 ∀ k , l , m , 其中:
m是天线索引,
k是UE索引,
l是包括每个天线与每个UE之间传播介质的独立的平坦衰落信道的索引,
wk,l,m是UE k与天线m之间第1个信道的功率分配权重,以及
Rk,l(wk,l,m)是可分配给UE k的信息率,单位是位/秒/赫兹。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法,其中L=1,并基于如下标准选择所述非零功率分配权重:
Figure FPA00001204741100021
使得满足约束:
Figure FPA00001204741100022
Figure FPA00001204741100023
其中pk,l,m是UE k向天线m报告的单个信道l=0的所述瞬时信道功率。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法,其中基于等效标准
Figure FPA00001204741100024
选择所述非零功率分配权重,使得满足约束 Σ k = 1 K w k , 0 , m = 1 ∀ m w k , 0 , m ≥ 0 ∀ k , m .
9.如权利要求1-8中任一项所述的方法,其中给两个或更多天线中的每个指定非零功率分配权重包括:计算在按天线功率约束下最大化最小UE平均信噪比SINR的功率分配权重。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征还在于:从每个UE接收平均接收信号功率信息,并响应于所述平均接收信号功率信息计算功率分配权重。
11.如权利要求9-10中任一项所述的方法,其特征还在于:
向每个UE发射每个天线的计算的非零功率分配权重;
从每个UE接收具有非零功率分配权重的每个天线的所述信道脉冲响应系数的估计;以及
确定可响应于所述瞬时信道功率信息分配给每个UE的信道的所述信息率;以及
其中将到两个或更多UE的信息信号编码包括:以预定信息率使用适当定维度的空间-时间或空间-频率代码编码所述信息信号。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法,其特征还在于:通过使用所述信道脉冲响应系数的估计和所述权重信息在每个UE中解码所述空间-时间或空间-频率代码。
13.如权利要求9-12中任一项所述的方法,其中第k个UE的所述平均信噪比SINR是:
SINR ‾ k = Σ m = 1 M w k , m p ‾ k , m 1 + Σ i ≠ k Σ m = 1 M w i , m p ‾ i , m 其中:
m是天线索引,
k是UE索引,
wk,m是UE k与天线m之间的功率分配权重,以及
Figure FPA00001204741100032
是所述第k个UE从所述天线m接收的平均信号功率。
14.一种分布式天线***DAS,包括:
多个天线,各可操作以向多个用户设备UE发射独立的功率加权空间-时间或空间-频率编码信号;以及
控制器,处于与所述多个天线的数据传送关系中,所述控制器可操作以计算每个天线的功率分配权重作为具有按天线功率约束的最优功率分配策略。
15.如权利要求14所述的DAS,其中所述天线各还可操作以向所述多个UE发射它们的相应功率分配权重。
16.如权利要求14-15中任一项所述的DAS,其中所述控制器可操作以计算在按天线功率约束下最大化所述最小UE数据速率的功率分配权重。
17.如权利要求16所述的DAS,其中所述控制器从每个UE接收瞬时信道功率信息,并响应于所述瞬时信道功率信息计算所述功率分配权重。
18.如权利要求14-17中任一项所述的DAS,其中所述控制器可操作以计算在按天线功率约束下最大化所述最小UE平均SINR的功率分配权重。
19.如权利要求18所述的DAS,其中所述控制器从每个UE接收平均接收信号功率信息,并响应于所述平均接收信号功率信息计算所述功率分配权重。
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