CN102078947A - Method for calculating heat flow density in solidification heat transfer process of continuous casting crystallizer - Google Patents
Method for calculating heat flow density in solidification heat transfer process of continuous casting crystallizer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for calculating heat flow density in a solidification heat transfer process of a continuous casting crystallizer. The method comprises the following steps of: calculating molten steel of unit volume by using the thickness of a billet shell at the outlet of the crystallizer of a square billet continuous casting machine and the thickness of a billet shell at the outlet of a slab crystallizer as standards; and calculating the heat of the solidification billet shell transferred from the crystallizer through the volume of the billet shell solidified in unit time, and calculating the heat flow density on unit area by using the heat. The method is simple, easy and feasible, and provides a convenient path for the solidification heat transfer process of the crystallizer in large-scale continuous casting production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the continuous casting and solidifying diabatic process, especially the thermal boundary condition of solidification and heat transfer model is determined in the crystallizer.
Background technology
As the heart of casting process, the heat transfer behavior of continuous casting molten steel in crystallizer guaranteed carrying out smoothly of continuous casting production process.In the casting process, liquid molten steel enters crystallizer by the mouth of a river, via the crystallizer cooling, constantly self heat is outwards transmitted, and just forms the solidified shell with definite shape below meniscus.From the thermal conduction study angle, the diabatic process of molten steel has very significant effects to slab quality.Rate of heat transfer is too fast and inhomogeneous, and excessive thermal stress then may cause the strand crackle; On the contrary,, then may cause the base shell bulge that approaches if it is insufficient to conduct heat, distortion, even by bleedout.The behavior of solidifying of strand depends on that molten steel outwards carries out the ability that heat is transmitted.Therefore, the heat-transfer character of understanding and control initial solidification base shell is grasped molten steel heat transfer behavior and thermal boundary condition in the crystallizer, for improving the copper coin condition of work, realizes breakout prediction, and lifting cc billet surface quality etc. all has important role.
In the research of continuous casting billet solidification and heat transfer, people pass through to consider the liquid phase convection current, oscillation mark, and solid-liquid scoriform attitude, factors such as air gap obtain the process of setting that corresponding complex heat transfer coefficient calculates molten steel in the crystallizer.But in this process, because people are to liquid phase convection current degree, the oscillation mark scope, the understanding of detailed process parameters such as solid-liquid slag distribution and air gap is variant, and computational process is quite complicated.This obtains simple thermal boundary condition and is used for solidification and heat transfer calculating and inapplicable in the actual production.Further, the researcher fastens by the pass of measuring hot-fluid and molten steel dead time in water mold, obtains the local heat flux density's empirical equation between strand and crystallizer interface, has greatly simplified the heat transfer research process.Be to obtain the concrete parametric solution in the formula, people or adopt traditional plate/square billet calculating parameter (slab: q=2.688-0.227
Square billet: q=2.688-0.335
), there is error in fixing parameter to different types.Under the traditional calculations mode, proposed oppositely to determine the method for heat flow density again, but this process can not be suitable for extensively in actual production in conjunction with measured data, be only applicable to laboratory etc. on a small scale in the research.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: a kind of computational methods that are used for continuous cast mold solidification and heat transfer process heat flow density are provided, this method simple and feasible, for the research of the crystallizer solidification and heat transfer process that is used for extensive continuous casting production provides fast way, thereby guarantee carrying out smoothly of continuous casting production process.
The present invention solves its technical problem and adopts following technical scheme:
The computational methods that are used for continuous cast mold solidification and heat transfer process heat flow density provided by the invention, specifically: with the safe thickness of billet caster crystallizer exit base shell and the safe thickness of plate slab crystallizer exit base shell is standard, and it is converted into the molten steel of unit volume; Base shell volume by solidifying in the unit interval then, converting obtains the heat that solidified shell passes out from crystallizer, and comes heat flow density on the unit of account area with this heat.
Described heat flow density can be obtained by following method, and its step comprises:
The first step is determined the overheated distribute heat Q of molten steel
1:
In unit interval, the overheated distribute heat Q of a certain amount of molten steel
1Draw by heat Calculation formula (1),
Q
1=C
pm(T
c-T
L) （1）
In the formula: Q
1Be the heat excessively that molten steel distributes, C
pBe the specific heat capacity of molten steel, m is a molten steel weight, T
cBe the cast temperature of molten steel, T
LLiquidus temperature for the casting steel grade;
In second step, determine molten steel solidification process distribute heat Q
2:
In unit interval, a certain amount of molten steel solidification process distribute heat Q
2Draw by heat Calculation formula (2),
Q
2=C
effm(T
L-T
s) （2）
In the formula: Q
2Be the heat that the solidification of molten steel process is distributed, C
EffIn the solidification of molten steel process, the equivalent specific heat capacity of solid-liquid two-phase region, m is for solidifying molten steel weight, T
LBe the liquidus temperature of casting steel grade, T
sSolidus temperature for the casting steel grade;
In the 3rd step, determine that the solidified shell cooling procedure distributes sensible heat heat Q
3:
In unit interval, the solidified shell cooling procedure is distributed sensible heat heat Q
3Draw by heat Calculation formula (3),
Q
3=C
sm(T
s-T
0)/2 （3）
In the formula: Q
3For the solidified shell cooling procedure is distributed sensible heat heat, C
sBe the specific heat capacity of casting steel grade, m is for solidifying molten steel weight, T
sBe the solidus temperature of casting steel grade, T
0Be crystallizer exit base shell surface temperature;
In the 4th step, obtain the total distribute heat Q after solidified shell goes out crystallizer:
With above-mentioned Q
1, Q
2And Q
3In the value substitution heat Calculation formula (4), obtain the total distribute heat Q value after interior a certain amount of solidified shell of unit interval goes out crystallizer,
Q=Q
1+Q
2+Q
3 （4）
The 5th step, the mean heat flux q on the unit of account area
0:
Through above-mentioned steps, the mean heat flux on the unit are is drawn by hot-fluid computing formula (5),
q
0=Q/A （5）
In the formula: q
0Be the mean heat flux on the unit are, Q is the total loses heat value after interior a certain amount of solidified shell of unit interval goes out crystallizer, and A is the effective usable floor area of crystallizer;
In the 6th step, calculate crystallizer transient heat flow q:
Transient heat flow q in the crystallizer can be drawn by hot-fluid computing formula (6),
（6）
Through above-mentioned steps, can obtain described heat flow density.
Described heat flow density, its heat flow value is tested by crystallizer cooling range and crystallizer observed temperature.
The present invention can adopt following method to test: by comparative unit in the time cooling water take away heat Q
0Just can check the data of the heat flow density that aforementioned calculation obtains, and heat flow data is done further correction.
Q
0=Cm?T （7）
In the formula: Q
0Be the heat that cooling water in the unit interval is taken away, C is that specific heat of water holds, and m is the flow of cooling water in the unit interval, and T is turnover crystallizer cooling range;
The present invention is the thickness≤10mm with billet caster crystallizer exit base shell, and plate slab crystallizer exit shell thickness 15 ~ 20mm is a standard, and it is converted into the molten steel of unit volume.
The present invention compared with prior art has following main beneficial effect:
The solidification and heat transfer of strand has crucial effects to the quality of product in the crystallizer, and is under the condition of high temperature, and the size of heat flow density then reflects the heat-transfer capability of crystallizer in the crystallizer.For this reason, the present invention from crystallizer ejection shell safe thickness as starting point, base shell safe thickness notion is incorporated in the calculating of hot-fluid boundary condition, has comparatively simply determined the relevant parameter in the heat flow density formula, obtain the heat flow density between strand and crystallizer interface.
Such as: 150 mm billet casters casting Q235 steel, 1535 ℃ of cast temperatures, crystallizer cooling water flow 110 m
3/ h, the temperature difference 7 K.With 10 mm safe thicknesses is the basis of calculation, and transient heat flow density is: q=2.688-0.3696
, the total amount of heat that both calculate is respectively 890 kJ and 887 kJ, and is basic identical.
This method simple and feasible is for the research of the crystallizer solidification and heat transfer process that is used for extensive continuous casting production provides fast way.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that the inventive method is at casting Stb32 steel, the mean heat flux distribution schematic diagram that obtains on 1000 * 200 mm slab casters.
Fig. 2 is that the inventive method is at casting Q235 steel, the mean heat flux distribution schematic diagram that obtains on 150 * 150 mm billet casters.
The specific embodiment
The computational methods that are used for continuous cast mold solidification and heat transfer process heat flow density provided by the invention are based on that the heat conservation of molten steel and conservation of mass principle propose.In the actual production, the thickness of billet caster crystallizer exit base shell generally is not less than 10 mm, and plate slab crystallizer exit shell thickness is a standard to be not less than 15 ~ 20 mm generally, and we are converted into the molten steel of unit volume with it.By the base shell volume of solidifying in the unit interval, converting obtains the heat that solidified shell passes out from crystallizer.Calculate the solidification and heat transfer process of molten steel, obtain the heat flow density boundary condition of concrete solidification and heat transfer process, calculate mould temperature field and base shell Temperature Distribution with this.
The computational methods that are used for continuous cast mold solidification and heat transfer process heat flow density provided by the invention, its step comprises:
1. determine the overheated distribute heat Q of molten steel
1:
In unit interval, the overheated distribute heat Q of a certain amount of molten steel
1Draw by heat Calculation formula (1),
Q
1=C
pm(T
c-T
L) （1）
In the formula: Q
1Be the heat excessively that molten steel distributes, C
pThe specific heat capacity of molten steel, m molten steel weight, T
cBe the cast temperature of molten steel, T
LLiquidus temperature for the casting steel grade.
2. determine molten steel solidification process distribute heat Q
2:
In unit interval, a certain amount of molten steel solidification process distribute heat Q
2Draw by heat Calculation formula (2),
Q
2=C
effm(T
L-T
s) （2）
In the formula: Q
2Be the heat that the solidification of molten steel process is distributed, C
EffIn the solidification of molten steel process, the equivalent specific heat capacity of solid-liquid two-phase region, m is for solidifying molten steel weight, T
LBe the liquidus temperature of casting steel grade, T
sSolidus temperature for the casting steel grade.
3. definite solidified shell cooling procedure is distributed sensible heat heat Q
3:
In unit interval, the solidified shell cooling procedure is distributed sensible heat heat Q
3Draw by heat Calculation formula (3),
Q
3=C
sm(T
s-T
0)/2 （3）
In the formula: Q
3For the solidified shell cooling procedure is distributed sensible heat heat, C
sBe the specific heat capacity of casting steel grade, m is for solidifying molten steel weight, T
sBe the solidus temperature of casting steel grade, T
0Be crystallizer exit base shell surface temperature, its scope is chosen between 1050 ~ 1300 ℃ as the case may be.
4. obtain the total distribute heat Q after solidified shell goes out crystallizer:
With above-mentioned Q
1, Q
2And Q
3In the value substitution heat Calculation formula (4), obtain the total distribute heat Q value after interior a certain amount of solidified shell of unit interval goes out crystallizer,
Q=Q
1+Q
2+Q
3 （4）
5. the mean heat flux q on the unit of account area
0:
Through above-mentioned steps, the mean heat flux on the unit are is drawn by hot-fluid computing formula (5),
q
0=Q/A （5）
In the formula: q
0Be the mean heat flux on the unit are, Q is the total loses heat value after interior a certain amount of solidified shell of unit interval goes out crystallizer, and A is the effective usable floor area of crystallizer.
6. calculate crystallizer transient heat flow q:
Transient heat flow q in the crystallizer can be drawn by hot-fluid computing formula (6),
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing.
Embodiment 1:
At 1000 * 200 mm slab caster top casting Stb32 steel, plate slab crystallizer exit shell thickness should be a standard to be not less than 15 ~ 20 mm, and 1572 ℃ of cast temperatures obtain the heat flow density on the crystallizer, are presented among Fig. 1.
1. overheated release:
Q
1=C
pm(1572-1534) （7）
2. latent heat of solidification discharges:
Q
2=C
effm(1534-1484) （8）
3. the cooling sensible heat discharges:
Q
3=C
sm(1484-1150)/2 （9）
Therefore, the transient heat flow density relationship in the crystallizer is:
q=2.688-0.2787
（10）
Embodiment 2:
At 150 * 150 mm billet caster top casting Q235 steel, little square blank crystallizer exit shell thickness should be a standard to be not less than 10 mm, and 1535 ℃ of cast temperatures obtain the heat flow density on the crystallizer, are presented among Fig. 2.
1. overheated release:
Q
1=C
pm(1535-1505) （11）
2. latent heat of solidification discharges:
Q
2=C
effm(1505-1450) （12）
3. the cooling sensible heat discharges:
Q
3=C
sm(1450-1250)/2 （13）
Therefore, the transient heat flow density relationship in the crystallizer is:
q=2.688-0.3696
（14）
Claims (5)
1. computational methods that are used for continuous cast mold solidification and heat transfer process heat flow density, it is characterized in that with the safe thickness of billet caster crystallizer exit base shell and the safe thickness of plate slab crystallizer exit base shell be standard, it is converted into the molten steel of unit volume; Base shell volume by solidifying in the unit interval then, converting obtains the heat that solidified shell passes out from crystallizer, and comes heat flow density on the unit of account area with this heat.
2. the computational methods that are used for continuous cast mold solidification and heat transfer process heat flow density according to claim 1 is characterized in that described heat flow density is obtained by following method, and its step comprises:
The first step is determined the overheated distribute heat Q of molten steel
1:
In unit interval, the overheated distribute heat Q of a certain amount of molten steel
1Draw by heat Calculation formula (1),
Q
1=C
pm(T
c-T
L) （1）
In the formula: Q
1Be the heat excessively that molten steel distributes, C
pBe the specific heat capacity of molten steel, m is a molten steel weight, T
cBe the cast temperature of molten steel, T
LLiquidus temperature for the casting steel grade;
In second step, determine molten steel solidification process distribute heat Q
2:
In unit interval, a certain amount of molten steel solidification process distribute heat Q
2Draw by heat Calculation formula (2),
Q
2=C
effm(T
L-T
s) （2）
In the formula: Q
2Be the heat that the solidification of molten steel process is distributed, C
EffIn the solidification of molten steel process, the equivalent specific heat capacity of solid-liquid two-phase region, m is for solidifying molten steel weight, T
LBe the liquidus temperature of casting steel grade, T
sSolidus temperature for the casting steel grade;
In the 3rd step, determine that the solidified shell cooling procedure distributes sensible heat heat Q
3:
In unit interval, the solidified shell cooling procedure is distributed sensible heat heat Q
3Draw by heat Calculation formula (3),
Q
3=C
sm(T
s-T
0)/2 （3）
In the formula: Q
3For the solidified shell cooling procedure is distributed sensible heat heat, C
sBe the specific heat capacity of casting steel grade, m is for solidifying molten steel weight, T
sBe the solidus temperature of casting steel grade, T
0Be crystallizer exit base shell surface temperature;
In the 4th step, obtain the total distribute heat Q after solidified shell goes out crystallizer:
With above-mentioned Q
1, Q
2And Q
3In the value substitution heat Calculation formula (4), obtain the total distribute heat Q value after interior a certain amount of solidified shell of unit interval goes out crystallizer,
Q=Q
1+Q
2+Q
3 （4）
The 5th step, the mean heat flux q on the unit of account area
0:
Through above-mentioned steps, the mean heat flux on the unit are is drawn by hot-fluid computing formula (5),
q
0=Q/A （5）
In the formula: q
0Be the mean heat flux on the unit are, Q is the total loses heat value after interior a certain amount of solidified shell of unit interval goes out crystallizer, and A is the effective usable floor area of crystallizer;
In the 6th step, calculate crystallizer transient heat flow q:
Transient heat flow q in the crystallizer can be drawn by hot-fluid computing formula (6),
Through above-mentioned steps, can obtain described heat flow density.
3. the computational methods that are used for continuous cast mold solidification and heat transfer process heat flow density according to claim 2 is characterized in that described heat flow density, and its heat flow value is tested by crystallizer cooling range and crystallizer observed temperature.
4. the computational methods that are used for continuous cast mold solidification and heat transfer process heat flow density according to claim 3 is characterized in that adopting following method to test:
Q
0=Cm?T （7）
In the formula: Q
0Be the heat that cooling water in the unit interval is taken away, C is that specific heat of water holds, and m is the flow of cooling water in the unit interval, and T is turnover crystallizer cooling range;
By comparative unit in the time cooling water take away heat and just can check the data that calculate in the claim 2, and heat flow data is done further correction.
5. the computational methods that are used for continuous cast mold solidification and heat transfer process heat flow density according to claim 1, it is characterized in that thickness≤10mm with billet caster crystallizer exit base shell, plate slab crystallizer exit shell thickness 15 ~ 20mm is a standard, and it is converted into the molten steel of unit volume.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102228972A (en) * | 2011-06-30 | 2011-11-02 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | Calculation method for solidification heat transfer process of continuous casting crystallizer |
| CN102228971A (en) * | 2011-06-30 | 2011-11-02 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | Method for online simulation of molten steel solidification heat-transfer process inside continuous casting crystallizer |
| CN102847904A (en) * | 2012-09-11 | 2013-01-02 | 首钢总公司 | System and method for dynamic control of cooling of slab continuous casting crystallizer |
| CN113695539A (en) * | 2021-08-29 | 2021-11-26 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | Method for determining cooling liquid flux of crystallizer for high titanium steel |
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2011
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Patent Citations (5)
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| JPH05208249A (en) * | 1992-01-31 | 1993-08-20 | Nippon Steel Corp | Method for continuously casting steel |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102228972A (en) * | 2011-06-30 | 2011-11-02 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | Calculation method for solidification heat transfer process of continuous casting crystallizer |
| CN102228971A (en) * | 2011-06-30 | 2011-11-02 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | Method for online simulation of molten steel solidification heat-transfer process inside continuous casting crystallizer |
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| CN102847904A (en) * | 2012-09-11 | 2013-01-02 | 首钢总公司 | System and method for dynamic control of cooling of slab continuous casting crystallizer |
| CN102847904B (en) * | 2012-09-11 | 2014-05-28 | 首钢总公司 | System and method for dynamic control of cooling of slab continuous casting crystallizer |
| CN113695539A (en) * | 2021-08-29 | 2021-11-26 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | Method for determining cooling liquid flux of crystallizer for high titanium steel |
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