CN102074968B - Photovoltaic miniature grid-connected inverter control device and control method thereof - Google Patents
Photovoltaic miniature grid-connected inverter control device and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic grid-connected power generation, in particular to a photovoltaic miniature grid-connected inverter control device and a control method thereof. In the miniature photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, a flyback inverter serves as a topological structure; aiming at the problems that the primary peak current is too large in the process of running at high power and the efficiency is too low in the process of running at low power in the traditional intermittent conduction mode, different control modes are adopted according to the power of the inverter; a critical conduction mode is adopted in the process of running at high power, namely current type grid connection can be realized, and the primary peak current can be reduced; an intermittent conduction mode is adopted in the process of running at medium power, and the primary peak current is not particularly high and the problem that switching frequency of a switching tube is increased with the reduction of power in the critical conduction mode is solved; and a burst mode is adopted at low power, the grid is connected at certain power at a certain time interval, and the problems of low power and low efficiency can be solved.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to the parallel network power generation technical field, particularly a kind of photovoltaic miniature grid-connected inverter control device and control method thereof.
Background technology:
Photovoltaic building one grid-connected system is subjected to easily the blocking of object such as surrounding buildings, trees and forms local shade, the centralized grid-connected inverting system of tradition is applied to these occasions, because being blocked the assembly electric current sharply descends, limit the impact of other assembly electric current output, cause sharply reducing of photovoltaic system power output.Miniature photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is installed the Miniature inverter of integrated various protections and control function at the every photovoltaic module back side; directly be connected to the grid some equal modules formation in parallel with electrical network grid-connected photovoltaic system after by Miniature inverter transformation of electrical energy being become alternating current.Than traditional centralized grid-connected photovoltaic system, each module of miniature photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is carried out MPPT maximum power point tracking, can reduce the power loss that assembly does not mate or local shade causes, and improves the efficient of system; Each module becomes the standardized module of " plug and play ", can select module number according to different building shapes and area, increase system flexibility, make things convenient for simultaneously from now on dilatation of system, therefore, miniature photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is particularly suitable for suffering easily the photovoltaic building one electricity generation system of partial occlusion.
Many topology and corresponding control strategies thereof for miniature photovoltaic grid-connected inverter are in the news, wherein take Buck-Boost inverter and back exciting converter as the typical case, four or five switches of Buck-Boost inverter employing are realized boosting and inversion, and back exciting converter only adopts three switches, is better than the Buck-Boost inverter on the structure.When but back exciting converter is applied to miniature photovoltaic parallel in system at present, in order to realize that current mode is incorporated into the power networks, back exciting converter is generally operational in discontinuous conduction mode, cause inverter former limit peak current when rated power very large, the wire diameter that certainly will need capacity and the former limit winding of increasing power switching tube, and there is again the not high problem of system effectiveness in inverter when being operated in small-power, therefore, discontinuous conduction mode can not satisfy the gamut optimal control of miniature photovoltaic grid-connected inverter.The present invention adopts different conduction modes according to the inverter power size, adopts critical conduction mode when high-power operation, can realize that namely current mode is incorporated into the power networks, and can reduce again former limit peak current; Adopt discontinuous conduction mode when mid power is moved, this moment, former limit peak current was not large especially, and the problem of having avoided critical conduction mode to increase with its switching frequency of power reduction; When small-power, adopt the burst pattern, be incorporated into the power networks with certain power every the end time, can solve the inefficient problem of small-power.
Summary of the invention
The present invention adopts back exciting converter as the miniature photovoltaic grid-connected inverter topological structure, excessive for traditional discontinuous conduction mode former limit peak current when the high-power operation, the too low problem of efficient during the small-power operation, the present invention adopts different control modes according to the inverter power size, when high-power operation, adopt critical conduction mode, can realize that namely current mode is incorporated into the power networks, can reduce again former limit peak current; Adopt discontinuous conduction mode when mid power is moved, this moment, former limit peak current was not large especially, and the problem of having avoided critical conduction mode to increase with its switching frequency of power reduction; When small-power, adopt the burst pattern, be incorporated into the power networks with certain power every the end time, can solve the inefficient problem of small-power.
According to the inventive concept of appeal, the present invention adopts following technical proposals:
A kind of photovoltaic miniature grid-connected inverter control device, comprise a digital signal processor, a back exciting converter main circuit, detect supplied with digital signal processor behind photovoltaic cell output voltage and the electric current by a voltage sensor and current sensor, voltage zero-crossing point of power grid detector of input behind the voltage sensor senses line voltage, described voltage zero-crossing point of power grid detector carries out crossover point signal with the mains voltage signal that detects and processes rear supplied with digital signal processor, after detecting the flyback transformer secondary current, a current sensor inputs zero current detector, described zero current detector carry out signal process after with flyback transformer secondary zero current signal supplied with digital signal processor, digital signal processor generates according to the voltage zero-crossing point of power grid signal of input and drives signal S
2And S
3, described driving signal amplifies the rear drive switch transistor T through drive circuit power
2And switch transistor T
3, digital signal processor obtains peak current envelope and pulse signal S according to photovoltaic cell voltage signal and photovoltaic cell current signal
1Rear input peak current controller, described peak current controller generates the drive switch transistor T
1
In the above-mentioned photovoltaic miniature grid-connected inverter control device, described current sensor adopts resistor current sample circuit or Hall current sensor circuit; Described voltage sensor adopts bleeder circuit or Hall voltage sensor circuit; Described voltage sensor comes with bleeder circuit or Hall voltage sensor circuit or voltage transformer circuit; Described current sensor adopts the auxiliary winding circuit of resistor current sample circuit or Hall current sensor circuit or flyback transformer.
In the above-mentioned photovoltaic miniature grid-connected inverter control device, described voltage zero-crossing point of power grid detector is made of digital processing unit or analog circuit, compare with no-voltage according to the mains voltage signal that sampling obtains, generate the positive half cycle crossover point signal of line voltage and negative half period crossover point signal, calculate simultaneously and obtain electrical network crest voltage U
mDescribed zero current detector is made of digital processing unit or analog circuit, generates flyback transformer secondary zero current signal.
In the above-mentioned photovoltaic miniature grid-connected inverter control device, described drive circuit adopts the EXB841 of FUJI ELECTRIC or HR065 or the M57962L of Mitsubishi or PC923 or the HCPL-3120 of Agilent or IR2110 or the IR2130 drive circuit of HCPL-316J or American I R company of Sharp that Japanese English reaches.
In the above-mentioned photovoltaic miniature grid-connected inverter control device, described peak current controller is according to the pulse signal S of digital signal processor
1Signal is opened in generation, generates cut-off signals when detecting the flyback transformer primary current greater than the peak current envelope of digital signal processor input.
A kind of control method for photovoltaic miniature grid-connected inverter control device, described digital signal processor generates driving signal S according to the positive half cycle crossover point signal of line voltage and negative half period crossover point signal
2And S
3, actuating switch pipe T during the positive half cycle of line voltage
2, on-off switching tube T
3Actuating switch pipe T during the line voltage negative half period
3, on-off switching tube T
2
A kind of control method for photovoltaic miniature grid-connected inverter control device, the control step is as follows:
1. the photovoltaic cell output current i that current sensor is detected
PvPhotovoltaic cell output voltage u with voltage sensor senses
PvBe input to digital signal processor;
2. digital signal processor calculates the output power from photovoltaic cells P
Pv=u
Pv* i
Pv
3. move the MPPT maximum power point tracking algorithm, generate grid-connected current set point I
m
4. the output power from photovoltaic cells P
PvWith setting power thresholding P
Thresholding 1Compare, if P
Pv>P
Thresholding 1, finish behind the startup critical conduction mode; Otherwise jump to step 5.;
5. start discontinuous conduction mode;
6. the output power from photovoltaic cells P
PvWith setting power thresholding P
Thresholding 2Compare, if P
Pv<P
Thresholding 2, set grid-connected current I
Burst, finish after the startup burst pattern; Otherwise directly finish;
The control method of above-mentioned photovoltaic miniature grid-connected inverter control device, described control step is moved when the positive half cycle crossover point signal of line voltage or line voltage negative half period crossover point signal; Described power thresholding P
Thresholding 1Be the setting power value of critical conduction mode and discontinuous conduction mode switching, P
Thresholding 1Be between 30%~50% rated power; Described power thresholding P
Thresholding 2For starting the setting power value of burst pattern, P
Thresholding 2Be between 10%~20% rated power.
The control method of above-mentioned photovoltaic miniature grid-connected inverter control device, during critical conduction mode, described digital signal processor is according to voltage zero-crossing point of power grid calculated signals current time line voltage operation angle θ, with photovoltaic cell output voltage u
Pv, electrical network crest voltage U
m, the setting electric current I that is incorporated into the power networks that generated by MPPT maximum power point tracking
m, flyback transformer secondary and former limit number of turn multiple n, electrical network angle θ inputs formula
Generate peak current envelope input peak current controller, when detecting secondary zero current signal production burst signal S
1
The control method of above-mentioned photovoltaic miniature grid-connected inverter control device, during discontinuous conduction mode, described digital signal processor is according to voltage zero-crossing point of power grid calculated signals current time line voltage operation angle θ, by the setting electric current I that is incorporated into the power networks of current operation angle θ and the acquisition of MPPT maximum power point tracking algorithm
mGenerate sinusoidal wave peak current envelope I
mSin θ inputs peak current controller, and digital signal processor is every set time production burst signal S
1
The control method of above-mentioned photovoltaic miniature grid-connected inverter control device is according to photovoltaic cell voltage u
PvControl burst pattern is worked as u
Pv>U
HShi Yunhang burst pattern is set sinusoidal peak value envelope I
Burst* sin θ, switch transistor T
1Control mode with above-mentioned discontinuous conduction mode, work as u
Pv<U
LThe time on-off switching tube T
1, U
HPhotovoltaic cell setting voltage upper limit thresholding during for the burst pattern, U
LPhotovoltaic cell setting voltage lower limit thresholding during for the burst pattern
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is photovoltaic miniature grid-connected inverter control device structured flowchart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is photovoltaic miniature grid-connected inverter control method flow chart.
Fig. 3 is critical conduction mode current waveform schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is discontinuous conduction mode current waveform schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is Burst mode current waveform schematic diagram.
Grid-connected current, grid voltage waveform when Fig. 6 is the given sinusoidal peak value envelope of critical conduction mode.
Grid-connected current, grid voltage waveform when Fig. 7 is the given peak envelope line of critical conduction mode the present invention.
Specific implementation method
Details are as follows by reference to the accompanying drawings for the preferred embodiments of the present invention:
Referring to Fig. 1, a kind of photovoltaic miniature grid-connected inverter control device, comprise a digital signal processor 1, a back exciting converter main circuit 10, detect supplied with digital signal processor 1 behind photovoltaic cell output voltages and the electric current by a voltage sensor 6 and current sensor 5, voltage zero-crossing point of power grid detector of input behind the voltage sensor 8 detection of grid voltages, described voltage zero-crossing point of power grid detector carries out crossover point signal with the mains voltage signal that detects and processes rear supplied with digital signal processor 1, after detecting the flyback transformer secondary current, a current sensor 7 inputs zero current detector 4, described zero current detector 4 carry out signal process after with flyback transformer secondary zero current signal supplied with digital signal processor 1, digital signal processor 1 generates according to the voltage zero-crossing point of power grid signal of input and drives signal S
2And S
3, described driving signal is through drive circuit 3 power amplification rear drive switch transistor T
2And switch transistor T
3, digital signal processor 1 obtains peak current envelope and pulse signal S according to photovoltaic cell voltage signal and photovoltaic cell current signal
1Rear input peak current controller 9, described peak current controller 9 generates the drive switch transistor T
1
In the above-mentioned photovoltaic miniature grid-connected inverter control device, described current sensor 5 adopts resistor current sample circuit or Hall current sensor circuit; Described voltage sensor 6 adopts bleeder circuit or Hall voltage sensor circuit; Described voltage sensor 8 adopts bleeder circuit or Hall voltage sensor circuit or voltage transformer circuit; Described current sensor 7 adopts the auxiliary winding circuit of resistor current sample circuit or Hall current sensor circuit or flyback transformer.
In the above-mentioned photovoltaic miniature grid-connected inverter control device, described voltage zero-crossing point of power grid detector is made of digital processing unit or analog circuit, compare with no-voltage according to the mains voltage signal that sampling obtains, generate the positive half cycle crossover point signal of line voltage and negative half period crossover point signal, calculate simultaneously and obtain electrical network crest voltage U
mDescribed zero current detector is made of digital processing unit or analog circuit, generates flyback transformer secondary zero current signal.
In the above-mentioned photovoltaic miniature grid-connected inverter control device, described drive circuit 3 adopts the EXB841 of FUJI ELECTRIC or HR065 or the M57962L of Mitsubishi or PC923 or the HCPL-3120 of Agilent or IR2110 or the IR2130 drive circuit of HCPL-316J or American I R company of Sharp that Japanese English reaches.
In the above-mentioned photovoltaic miniature grid-connected inverter control device, described peak current controller is according to the pulse signal S of digital signal processor 1
1Signal is opened in generation, generates cut-off signals when detecting the flyback transformer primary current greater than the peak current envelope of digital signal processor 1 input.
A kind of control method for photovoltaic miniature grid-connected inverter control device, described digital signal processor 1 generates driving signal S according to the positive half cycle crossover point signal of line voltage and negative half period crossover point signal
2And S
3, actuating switch pipe T during the positive half cycle of line voltage
2, on-off switching tube T
3Actuating switch pipe T during the line voltage negative half period
3, on-off switching tube T
2
Referring to Fig. 2, a kind of control method for photovoltaic miniature grid-connected inverter control device, the control step is as follows:
1. the photovoltaic cell output current i that current sensor 5 is detected
PvPhotovoltaic cell output voltage with voltage sensor 6 detections
UpvBe input to digital signal processor 1;
2. digital signal processor 1 calculates the output power from photovoltaic cells P
Pv=u
Pv* i
Pv
3. move the MPPT maximum power point tracking algorithm, generate grid-connected current set point I
m
4. the output power from photovoltaic cells P
PvWith setting power thresholding P
Thresholding 1Compare, if P
Pv>P
Thresholding 1, finish behind the startup critical conduction mode; Otherwise jump to step 5.;
5. start discontinuous conduction mode;
6. the output power from photovoltaic cells P
PvWith setting power thresholding P
Thresholding 2Compare, if P
Pv<P
Thresholding 2, set grid-connected current I
Burst, finish after the startup burst pattern; Otherwise directly finish;
The control method of above-mentioned photovoltaic miniature grid-connected inverter control device, described control step is moved when the positive half cycle crossover point signal of line voltage or line voltage negative half period crossover point signal; Described power thresholding P
Thresholding 1Be the setting power value of critical conduction mode and discontinuous conduction mode switching, P
Thresholding 1Be between 30%~50% rated power; Described power thresholding P
Thresholding 2For starting the setting power value of burst pattern, P
Thresholding 2Be between 10%~20% rated power.
The control method of above-mentioned photovoltaic miniature grid-connected inverter control device, during critical conduction mode, described digital signal processor 1 is according to voltage zero-crossing point of power grid calculated signals current time line voltage operation angle θ, with photovoltaic cell output voltage u
Pv, electrical network crest voltage U
m, the setting electric current I that is incorporated into the power networks that generated by MPPT maximum power point tracking
m, flyback transformer secondary and former limit number of turn multiple n, electrical network angle θ inputs formula
Generate peak current envelope input peak current controller 9, when detecting secondary zero current signal production burst signal S
1
The control method of above-mentioned photovoltaic miniature grid-connected inverter control device, during discontinuous conduction mode, described digital signal processor 1 is according to voltage zero-crossing point of power grid calculated signals current time line voltage operation angle θ, by the setting electric current I that is incorporated into the power networks of current operation angle θ and the acquisition of MPPT maximum power point tracking algorithm
mGenerate sinusoidal wave peak current envelope I
mSin θ inputs peak current controller 9, and digital signal processor 1 is every set time production burst signal S
1
The control method of above-mentioned photovoltaic miniature grid-connected inverter control device is according to photovoltaic cell voltage u
PvControl burst pattern is worked as u
Pv>U
HShi Yunhang burst pattern is set sinusoidal peak value envelope I
Burst* sin θ, switch transistor T
1Control mode with above-mentioned discontinuous conduction mode, work as u
Pv<U
LThe time on-off switching tube T
1, U
HPhotovoltaic cell setting voltage upper limit thresholding during for the burst pattern, U
LPhotovoltaic cell setting voltage lower limit thresholding during for the burst pattern
Should be understood that; concerning the those of ordinary skill in field, place of the present invention; can be equal to accordingly according to technical scheme of the present invention and design thereof and change or replace, and all these changes or replacement, all should belong to the protection range of claims of the present invention.
This photovoltaic miniature grid-connected inverter control device and controlling party ratio juris are summarized as follows:
As shown in Figure 6, when back exciting converter is operated in critical conduction mode, it is very large to utilize the control of sinusoidal envelope line peak value can cause exporting the grid-connected current harmonic wave, do not meet grid-connected requirement, this mainly be since during critical conduction mode carrier frequency change with the size of peak current, the highest in sine-wave current near zero-crossing point carrier frequency, and minimum in sine-wave current peak value place carrier frequency.In order to satisfy high-quality generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems, the peak envelope line is revised in the time of need to be to critical conduction mode, in order to can realize that sine wave is incorporated into the power networks.
Suppose that line voltage and unity power factor grid-connected current expression formula are:
U
grid=U
msinωt(1)
I
grid=I
msinωt(2)
The flyback transformer secondary current is triangular pulse, and establishing its peak value is I
S, p, ON time is T
Off, carrier cycle is T
s, then the mean value of secondary current is:
The flyback transformer primary current is similarly the triangular pulse ripple, and its ON time is:
In the formula
Be former limit peak current, V
InBe input supply voltage, L
pBe the transformer primary side inductance.
Suppose that the former and deputy limit of flyback transformer turn ratio is 1: n, then the current peak on former and deputy limit closes and is:
Secondary afterflow ON time is:
Formula (1), formula (5) brought into:
Comparison expression (4), formula (7) can get:
Flyback transformer is operated in the BCM pattern, so its work period is:
Bringing formula (7), formula (9) into formula (3) gets:
Abbreviation gets:
Adopt formula (11) envelope to carry out peak current control when Figure 7 shows that critical conduction mode, grid-connected current has realized sine wave fully among the figure.
Claims (9)
1. photovoltaic miniature grid-connected inverter control device, comprise a digital signal processor (1), a back exciting converter main circuit (10), it is characterized in that: by supplied with digital signal processor (1) behind a DC input voitage transducer (6) and a direct current input current transducer (5) detection photovoltaic cell output voltage and the electric current, voltage zero-crossing point of power grid detector of input behind an ac output voltage transducer (8) the detection of grid voltage, described voltage zero-crossing point of power grid detector carries out crossover point signal with the mains voltage signal that detects and processes rear supplied with digital signal processor (1), an ac output current transducer (7) is inputted zero current detector (4) after detecting the flyback transformer secondary current, described zero current detector (4) carry out signal process after with flyback transformer secondary zero current signal supplied with digital signal processor (1), digital signal processor (1) generates according to the voltage zero-crossing point of power grid signal of input and drives signal S
2And S
3, described driving signal is through drive circuit (3) power amplification rear drive switch transistor T
2And switch transistor T
3Digital signal processor (1) obtains inputting peak current controller (9) behind the peak current envelope according to photovoltaic cell voltage signal, photovoltaic cell current signal, voltage zero-crossing point of power grid signal, according to the secondary zero current signal, or the set time production burst signal S of being separated by
1Rear input peak current controller (9), described peak current controller (9) generates the drive switch transistor T
1
2. photovoltaic miniature grid-connected inverter control device according to claim 1 is characterized in that described direct current input current transducer (5) adopts resistor current sample circuit or Hall current sensing inductive circuit; Described DC input voitage transducer (6) adopts bleeder circuit or Hall voltage sensor circuit; Described ac output voltage transducer (8) adopts bleeder circuit or Hall voltage sensor circuit or voltage transformer circuit; Described ac output current transducer (7) adopts the auxiliary winding circuit of resistor current sample circuit or Hall current sensor circuit or flyback transformer.
3. photovoltaic miniature grid-connected inverter control device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described voltage zero-crossing point of power grid detector is made of digital processing unit or analog circuit, compare with no-voltage according to the mains voltage signal that sampling obtains, generate the positive half cycle crossover point signal of line voltage and negative half period crossover point signal, calculate simultaneously and obtain electrical network crest voltage U
mDescribed zero current detector is made of digital processing unit or analog circuit, generate flyback transformer secondary zero current signal, described digital signal processor (1) generates driving signal S according to the positive half cycle crossover point signal of line voltage and negative half period crossover point signal
2And S
3, actuating switch pipe T during the positive half cycle of line voltage
2, on-off switching tube T
3Actuating switch pipe T during the line voltage negative half period
3, on-off switching tube T
2
4. photovoltaic miniature grid-connected inverter control device according to claim 1 is characterized in that described drive circuit (3) adopts the EXB841 of FUJI ELECTRIC or HR065 or the M57962L of Mitsubishi or PC923 or the HCPL-3120 of Agilent or IR2110 or the IR2130 drive circuit of HCPL-316J or American I R company of Sharp that Japanese English reaches.
5. photovoltaic miniature grid-connected inverter control device according to claim 1 is characterized in that described peak current controller is according to the pulse signal S of digital signal processor (1)
1Signal is opened in generation, generates cut-off signals when detecting the flyback transformer primary current greater than the peak current envelope of digital signal processor (1) input.
6. control method that is used for photovoltaic miniature grid-connected inverter control device according to claim 1, it is as follows to it is characterized in that controlling step:
1. the photovoltaic cell output current i that direct current input current transducer (5) is detected
PvPhotovoltaic cell output voltage u with DC input voitage transducer (6) detection
PvBe input to digital signal processor (1);
2. digital signal processor (1) calculates the output power from photovoltaic cells P
Pv=u
Pv* i
Pv
3. move the MPPT maximum power point tracking algorithm, generate grid-connected current set point I
m
4. the output power from photovoltaic cells P
PvWith setting power thresholding P
Thresholding 1Compare, if P
Pv>P
Thresholding 1, finish behind the startup critical conduction mode; Otherwise jump to step 5.;
5. start discontinuous conduction mode, finish.
7. the control method of photovoltaic miniature grid-connected inverter control device according to claim 6 is characterized in that described control step moves when the positive half cycle crossover point signal of line voltage or line voltage negative half period crossover point signal; Described power thresholding P
Thresholding 1Be the setting power value of critical conduction mode and discontinuous conduction mode switching, P
Thresholding 1Be between 30%~50% rated power.
8. the control method of photovoltaic miniature grid-connected inverter control device according to claim 7, when it is characterized in that critical conduction mode, described digital signal processor (1) is according to voltage zero-crossing point of power grid calculated signals current time line voltage operation angle θ, with photovoltaic cell output voltage u
Pv, electrical network crest voltage U
m, the setting electric current I that is incorporated into the power networks that generated by MPPT maximum power point tracking
m, flyback transformer secondary and former limit number of turn multiple n, electrical network angle θ inputs formula
Generate peak current envelope input peak current controller (9), when detecting secondary zero current signal production burst signal S
1
9. the control method of photovoltaic miniature grid-connected inverter control device according to claim 7, when it is characterized in that discontinuous conduction mode, described digital signal processor (1) is according to voltage zero-crossing point of power grid calculated signals current time line voltage operation angle θ, by the setting electric current I that is incorporated into the power networks of current operation angle θ and the acquisition of MPPT maximum power point tracking algorithm
mGenerate sinusoidal wave peak current envelope I
mSin θ inputs peak current controller (9), and digital signal processor (1) is every set time production burst signal S
1
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CN105553281B (en) * | 2016-02-04 | 2018-01-19 | 盐城工学院 | The peak point current numerical control system and method for the grid-connected micro- inverter of inverse-excitation type |
CN106058927B (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2020-07-17 | 扬州大学 | Photovoltaic grid-connected micro-inverter maximum power point rapid algorithm based on peak current |
CN111917124B (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2022-05-10 | 昱能科技股份有限公司 | Control device and method for solar photovoltaic grid-connected inverter |
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