CN102072883B - Device and method for detecting comprehensive quality of crop seeds - Google Patents
Device and method for detecting comprehensive quality of crop seeds Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and method for detecting comprehensive quality of crop seeds. The detecting device comprises a charger (1), a conveyor belt (2), a motor (3), an imaging spectrometer (4), light sources (5), a processing unit (6) and a discharger (7), wherein the charger (1) is positioned right above one end of the conveyor belt (2); the imaging spectrometer (4) is positioned right above the middle of the conveyor belt (2) and used for acquiring a high spectrum data cube of the seeds to be detected; the motor (3) is used for driving the conveyor belt (2) to convey the seeds; the imaging spectrometer (4) is connected with the processing unit (6); and the two halogen tungsten lamp light sources (5) are positioned on two sides of the imaging spectrometer (4). The device and the method can be used for quickly and nondestructively detecting the comprehensive quality of single or multiple seeds.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to crop seeds detection technique field, particularly relate to a kind of comprehensive quality of crop seeds pick-up unit and method.
Background technology
The exterior quality of crop seeds, constituent etc. are the important parameters of its integrated quality, and the detection of comprehensive quality of crop seeds has great importance to grain quality classification, seed selection breeding, food processing etc.The present online test method that is used for crop seeds has detection method and the near infrared spectrum detection method based on machine vision.If gather the image of seed by industrial camera based on the detection owner of machine vision, then obtain the external appearance characteristic parameter of seed by image processing algorithm, such as grain length, wide, the mechanical damage of grain, disease etc., thereby realize the detection to the seed exterior quality, or realize that (referring to non-patent literature: the rice paddy seed quality based on machine vision detects machine online, agricultural research for seed variety ONLINE RECOGNITION etc., 2009, the 10th phase, 79 pages-81 pages, 88 pages; Referring to patent: be used for the image of record cereal-granules to detect the method and apparatus of crackle, application number: 01819050.2).Mainly obtain the spectroscopic data of seed by spectral technique based on the detection method of near infrared spectrum, the seed compositions that combined standard is measured is set up forecast model, then gather the spectroscopic data of seed to be measured, spectroscopic data is imported above-mentioned model, draw testing result, and to the result show, storage etc. is (referring to patent: a kind of cereal is carried out method and the device thereof of Quality Detection, application number: 01140315.2).
Online test method based on machine vision is only limited to by apparent parameter detection crop seeds quality, can not carry out internal component to it and detect; NIR Analysis can be realized the detection of crop seeds internal component, but adopt optical fiber to receive the light that seed reflects more, seed in the moving process is because the scrambling of size shape unevenness and placement location, can only increase field range, obtain the averaged spectrum of many seeds, and be difficult to accurately obtain single seeded spectrum, therefore can only the component content of many seeds be detected, and can not realize the detection of single seed composition.
Summary of the invention
The technical matters that (one) will solve
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: for existing machine vision on-line detection method can only detect the exterior quality of seed, the method for near-infrared analysis can only realize the defective of the online detection of many Interior Seed compositions, a kind of comprehensive quality of crop seeds on-line measuring device and method are provided, utilize imaging spectrometer to gather the high spectral cube data of seed, then obtain simultaneously its exterior quality and internal component information, thereby realize the online detection of crops simple grain and many seed integrated qualities.
(2) technical scheme
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of comprehensive quality of crop seeds detection method, it comprises step:
S1, hopper loader sorts seed to be measured one by one, falls on the travelling belt when single seed arrives the lower end of discharging opening;
S2, travelling belt is sent to the imaging spectrometer below with seed;
S3, imaging spectrometer gathers the high-spectral data cube of seed, and sends the data that collect to processing unit;
S4, processing unit detect the integrated quality that comprises exterior quality parameter and internal component content of seed according to described high-spectral data cube;
Comprise the method for internal component content in the prediction seed among the described step S4, specifically comprise:
S4-1 ', the high-spectral data cube according to seed obtains single seeded image outline and position coordinates, extracts the spectrum of each pixel in this seed, and calculates averaged spectrum;
S4-2 ' is by the quantitative testing result of standard method of measurement acquisition seed compositions content;
S4-3 ' carries out pre-service to the averaged spectrum that obtains among the S4-1 ';
S4-4 ' utilizes the pretreated spectroscopic data that obtains among the seed compositions content quantitative testing result that obtains among the S4-2 ' and the S4-3 ', adopts chemometrics method to set up mathematical model between spectrum and the component content;
S4-5 ' with the described mathematical model of high-spectral data cube substitution of seed, dopes the content of each internal component;
Among the described step S4-2 ', when described single seed weight meets GB specified standard measuring method, adopt Kjeldahl method to survey single seeded thick protein, adopt the single seeded fat of soxhlet extraction side; When described single seed weight did not meet GB specified standard measuring method, selected shape, color, many similar seeds of quality were put together and are measured its thick protein and fat content, and corresponding averaged spectrum is also calculated by many seeds and obtained.
Preferably, comprise the method for extracting seed external appearance characteristic parameter among the described step S4, be specially:
S4-1, the image of selection specific band;
S4-2 does pre-service to the image of described specific band;
S4-3 extracts the external appearance characteristic parameter to pretreated image.
(3) beneficial effect
With respect to the seed on-line detecting system based on machine vision, the present invention not only can measure seed exterior quality parameter, also can measure the internal component parameter of seed, realizes the measurement of seed integrated quality.With respect to existing on-line measurement system based near infrared spectrum, the present invention not only can measure a certain amount of many seed compositions, and can realize the measurement of single seed composition, thereby is particularly suitable for the application of the aspects such as seed purity detection, breed breeding.The advantage that device provided by the invention has fast, can't harm, automatically detects can be widely used in grain depot, flour mill, grease factory, breed breeding, variety and quality supervision department to the fast detecting of crop seeds quality.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the comprehensive quality of crop seeds on-line measuring device structural representation according to embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the comprehensive quality of crop seeds online test method process flow diagram according to embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein, 1: hopper loader; 2: travelling belt; 3: motor; 4: imaging spectrometer; 5: light source; 6: processing unit; 7: discharger; 8: seed.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.Following examples are used for explanation the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
As shown in Figure 1, the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of comprehensive quality of crop seeds on-line measuring device, it comprises hopper loader 1, travelling belt 2, motor 3, imaging spectrometer 4, light source 5, processing unit 6, described hopper loader 1 be positioned at described travelling belt 2 one ends directly over, described imaging spectrometer 4 be positioned in the middle of the described travelling belt 2 directly over, be used for gathering the high-spectral data cube of seed to be measured, described motor 3 is used for driving described travelling belt 2 transmissions, described imaging spectrometer 4 is connected with described processing unit 6, described two halogen tungsten lamp light sources 5 are two, the both sides that it lays respectively at described imaging spectrometer 4 are 45 ° of irradiations.Described pick-up unit also comprises the discharger 7 that is positioned at described travelling belt 2 other ends.Be provided with larger charging door on the top of described hopper loader 1, make things convenient for charging, the bottom is provided with oval discharging opening, and its diameter is designed to only allow single seed to pass through.The vertical range of the discharging opening of described hopper loader 1 and described travelling belt 2 is 10mm.The wavelength band that described imaging spectrometer 4 gathers image is 800-2500nm.
Imaging spectrometer 4 is cores in the described device.In the high spectrum image gatherer process, the reflected light of sample sees through the grating slit, through imaging on the two-dimensional CCD detecting element after the dispersion, the every frame of imaging spectrometer can only scan the spectrum data of delegation's pixel, along with the even movement of sample, imaging spectrometer is realized the scanner uni splicing of multirow pixel, so just can collect the two dimensional image of sample, and make each pixel in the image that the reflective light intensity data of a corresponding hundreds of spectral band be arranged, make imaging spectrometer data become a data cube.The wavelength band of the image of imaging spectrometer collection is 800-2500nm, i.e. near-infrared band, and this wave band has comprised Major Nutrient component (for example moisture, protein, starch, fat) the characteristic of correspondence wave band of seed.
Light source 5 is halogen tungsten lamp light source in the described device, and the light wavelength scope of emission is 400-3000nm, contains imaging spectrometer 4 and gathers the required wave band of image.The intensity of illumination and homogeneity have a great impact the quality of the collection of illustrative plates of collection, and over-exposed, under-exposed, uneven illumination is even can to make data analysis that certain error is arranged, so will choose best condition of work by the method that blank is proofreaied and correct.
In the described device, processing unit 6 can adopt computing machine, is used for a large amount of spectrum datas that storage of collected arrives, and detects the integrated quality of crop seeds by the Correlation method for data processing method.
The comprehensive quality of crop seeds online test method of the embodiment of the invention as shown in Figure 2.The top of hopper loader 1 is set to larger charging door in the described device, makes things convenient for charging, and the bottom is discharging opening, and discharging opening is oval, and can only allow single seed to pass through.For dissimilar crop seeds, outlet size is different.Contain the electromagnetic shock box in the hopper loader, seed is sorted one by one, and seed falls when arriving discharging opening, cuts off light path, form a pulse, stop vibrations by circuit controling electromagnetism vibrations box, after reaching preset time, the electromagnetism box shakes again, next seed is freely fallen, so just can realize single seed is dropped on the belt evenly, so that a seed is just arranged in every image of spectrometer collection, and can realize the continuous acquisition of all drawing of seeds pictures on the travelling belt.
Be designed to a rectangular recess in the described device in the middle of the travelling belt 2, recess width is larger a little than single seed, and single seed is just fallen in the groove from the hopper loader outlet.The distance of hopper loader discharging opening and belt is little in addition, is 10mm, and rear position is unfixing in order to avoid seed drops.
The comprehensive quality of crop seeds online test method of the embodiment of the invention as shown in Figure 2 comprises step: S1, and hopper loader sorts seed to be measured one by one, falls on the travelling belt when single seed arrives feed opening; S2, travelling belt is sent to the imaging spectrometer below with seed; S3, imaging spectrometer gathers the high-spectral data cube of seed, and sends the data that collect to processing unit; S4, processing unit detect the integrated quality that comprises exterior quality parameter and internal component of seed according to described high-spectral data cube.
The described method of obtaining crop seeds exterior quality parameter may further comprise the steps:
1, selects the image of specific band.In the high-spectral data cube that obtains, the piece image of corresponding seed under each wavelength, under different wave length, the feature difference of seed is very large, owing to gather the wavelength coverage of collection of illustrative plates at 800-2500nm, therefore the image under each wavelength is different from the RGB figure of visible region, and the image that needs selection can react under certain wavelength of seed appearance information is analyzed.For wheat seed, preferred wavelength band is: 900-950nm, 1288-1328nm, 1866-1906nm.
2, image pre-service.To crop seeds, common image pre-processing method has Threshold segmentation, burn into expansion etc.
3, the external appearance characteristic parameter extraction of seed.By Edge extraction, obtain particle shape (length, width, length breadth ratio, area), the exterior quality parameter informations such as grain look, plumpness of seed.
The detection of described crop seeds internal component is combined the component data that standard method is measured, and is set up the content of mathematical model prediction Related Component with spectroscopic data, key step is:
1, for the high-spectral data cube of crop seeds, under a certain wave band, obtains single seeded image outline and position coordinates by background segment, then extract the spectrum of each pixel in this seed according to coordinate, and calculate averaged spectrum.
2, obtain the quantitative testing result of crop seeds Related Component by GB specified standard measuring method.As surveying thick protein with Kjeldahl method, survey moisture with oven drying method, survey fat with soxhlet extraction.The measurement of described seed components standard value, if seed weight is too little, do not satisfy the minimal sample amount of national standard method regulation, then shape, color, the similar seed of quality are put together and measure its chemical score, and corresponding averaged spectrum is also calculated acquisition by many seeds.
3, the averaged spectrum data of selected crop seeds are carried out pre-service, preprocess method comprises calculating reflection strength, reflectivity, absorbance, first order derivative, second derivative etc.
4, utilize measured value and the spectroscopic data of seed compositions, the employing chemometrics method is set up the mathematical model between spectrum and the composition, and described chemometrics method comprises polynomial regression, partial least squares regression, support vector regression etc.When setting up model, need to collect the representative sample of some, cover range of application in the future.
5, built vertical good model is inserted in the computer software, to the unknown species subsample, imaging spectrometer gathers the high-spectral data cube of this seed, and calculates in real time the averaged spectrum of this seed, goes out the content of each nutrition composition according to model prediction.Simultaneously, software also can extract the external appearance characteristic parameter of this seed.
6, last, computer software is estimated comprehensive quality of crop seeds in conjunction with apparent parameter and the ingredient prediction result of seed, evaluation result is shown in real time, and store in the database.
The present invention detects as example explanation embodiment so that the wheat seed integrated quality is online.Chosen No. 8, Handan 6172, Shijiazhuang, raised No. 7 four strains of wheat 13 and Zheng Nong, from each kind, chosen respectively 100 seeds and measure, therefrom chosen respectively again 70 seeds and be used for setting up model, remaining for online detection.At first survey the gross protein value of seed with Kjeldahl method, gather the four strains spectrum data of totally 280 seeds with imaging spectrometer again, then set up the model of spectroscopic data and gross protein value with Chemical Measurement software, obtain institute's test sample exterior quality parameter originally by image processing algorithm simultaneously.At last model and the exterior quality parameter extracting method of setting up imported in the process software of wheat seed integrated quality detection system.
Next remaining wheat seed is detected online, online detecting step is: at first open light source, after 15 minutes spectrometer being carried out blank proofreaies and correct, adjust the aperture of spectrometer, the scanning frame frequency, the parameters such as focusing ring position, with Electric Machine Control software suitable belt travelling speed is set again, at last wheat seed is put into charging door, starter motor and image capture software, beginning online acquisition seed spectrum data, the process software of integrated quality detection system imports the data that collect in real time, carry out the calculating of exterior quality parameter and seed compositions content, and preservation result of calculation, the then determination data of seed outward appearance and internal parameters and comprehensive evaluation result on the detection system software interface.
The s main working parameters of example of the present invention is: the wavelength band of the image that spectrometer collects is 800-2500nm, and lens focus is 90mm, and operating distance is 90mm, and belt movement speed is 0.9702mm/s, and frame frequency is 15fps, and the image size is the 320x240 pixel.
In the method for the present invention, having selected wave band is the exterior quality parameter of the image calculation wheat seed of 1308nm.
Key problem in technology point of the present invention is:
1, adopts the characteristics of imaging spectrometer collection of illustrative plates unification, obtain online the high spectrum image of seed, according to the cubical processing of high-spectral data, obtain simultaneously exterior quality and the internal component content of crops, thereby realize online detection and the evaluation of seed integrated quality.
2, the wavelength band of the image of imaging spectrometer collection is 800-2500nm, i.e. near-infrared band.The principal ingredient of crop seeds, such as the characteristic wave bands of protein, fat, starch all in the near-infrared band scope.
3, native system need to be proofreaied and correct, and determines best online testing conditions by methods such as blank correction, focusings.
4, the image that needs selection can react under certain wavelength of seed appearance information is analyzed, thereby obtains seed external appearance characteristic parameter.
5, for the difficulties of single seed component calibration, to the high-spectral data Cube computation averaged spectrum of the similar seed of many qualities, and many seeds are put together with national standard method bioassay standard value, thereby set up the seed components forecast model.
6, in the device provided by the invention, need to guarantee that the frame frequency of conveyer belt speed and imaging spectral collection image is complementary, namely calculate conveyer belt speed corresponding to frame frequency according to formula, make the anamorphose of collection less.
As can be seen from the above embodiments, with respect to the seed on-line detecting system based on machine vision, the present invention not only can measure seed exterior quality parameter, also can measure the internal component parameter of seed, realizes the measurement of seed integrated quality.With respect to existing on-line measurement system based near infrared spectrum, the present invention not only can measure a certain amount of many seed compositions, and can realize the measurement of single seed composition, thereby is particularly suitable for the application of the aspects such as seed purity detection, breed breeding.The advantage that device provided by the invention has fast, can't harm, automatically detects can be widely used in grain depot, flour mill, grease factory, breed breeding, variety and quality supervision department to the fast detecting of crop seeds quality.
The above only is preferred implementation of the present invention; should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the technology of the present invention principle; can also make some improvement and modification, these improve and modification also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. a comprehensive quality of crop seeds detection method is characterized in that, described detection method comprises step:
S1, hopper loader (1) sorts seed to be measured (8) one by one, falls on the travelling belt (2) when single seed arrives the lower end of discharging opening;
S2, travelling belt (2) is sent to imaging spectrometer (4) below with seed (8);
S3, imaging spectrometer (4) gathers the high-spectral data cube of seed (8), and sends the data that collect to processing unit (6);
S4, processing unit (6) detect the integrated quality that comprises exterior quality parameter and internal component content of seed according to described high-spectral data cube;
Comprise the method for internal component content in the prediction seed among the described step S4, specifically comprise:
S4-1 ', the high-spectral data cube according to seed obtains single seeded image outline and position coordinates, extracts the spectrum of each pixel in this seed, and calculates averaged spectrum;
S4-2 ' is by the quantitative testing result of standard method of measurement acquisition seed compositions content;
S4-3 ' carries out pre-service to the averaged spectrum that obtains among the S4-1 ';
S4-4 ' utilizes the pretreated spectroscopic data that obtains among the seed compositions content quantitative testing result that obtains among the S4-2 ' and the S4-3 ', adopts chemometrics method to set up mathematical model between spectrum and the component content;
S4-5 ' with the described mathematical model of single seeded high-spectral data cube substitution, dopes the content of each internal component;
Among the described step S4-2 ', when described single seed weight meets GB specified standard measuring method, adopt Kjeldahl method to survey single seeded thick protein, adopt soxhlet extraction to survey single seeded fat; When described single seed weight did not meet GB specified standard measuring method, selected shape, color, many similar seeds of quality were put together and are measured its thick protein and fat content, and corresponding averaged spectrum is also calculated by many seeds and obtained.
2. comprehensive quality of crop seeds detection method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, comprises the method for extracting seed external appearance characteristic parameter among the described step S4, is specially:
S4-1, the image of selection specific band;
S4-2 does pre-service to the image of described specific band;
S4-3 extracts the external appearance characteristic parameter to pretreated image.
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