CN102070999A - Transparent anti-fog film based on one or serveral graphene layers - Google Patents
Transparent anti-fog film based on one or serveral graphene layers Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A transparent anti-fog film based on one or serveral graphene layers belongs to the technical field of surface treatment. The anti-fog film is used in the fields of surface anti-fogging and self-cleaning of the transparent material. The preparation method of the anti-fog film uses one or serveral layers of graphene as functional material and comprises the following steps: dispersing graphene in water or inorganic solvent evenly through stirring, supersonic treatment and other methods, wherein the concentration of the solution is 0.001-1mg/ml; evenly coating the solution with graphene on the surface of a material through hand painting, soaking, spin coating, spraying or other conduction methods; drying naturally or heating to form a continuous graphene conductive network; and preparing electrodes, and then fast heating under an applied voltage to obtain the anti-fog film. Microscopic analysis shows that one or serveral layers of graphene can be evenly dispersed on the surface of the material; compared with the other materials, the conductive network can be formed by using a small amount of graphene; after several coatings, the thickness of the anti-fog film is controlled to no more than 10nm; the light transmittance is more than 90%; and the anti-fog film is combined with the base well and can realize good anti-fogging effect under a lower voltage which is 1-30V.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of material and method for preparing antifogging film, belong to technical field of surface, its Application Areas comprises the antifog and cleaning of material surface.
Background technology
No matter be window materials such as simple glass, toughened glass or synthetic glass, marquis when the both sides temperature differs greatly, glass one side all can form water smoke or frost because of condensation vapor.For driving family, when autumn or winter early morning assembly find to park in the open a night after, water smoke and frost often appear in automobile forward sight interior surfaces of glass, wipe fuzzyly more more, have a strong impact on driver's mood and sight line.This is because the temperature in the car is higher than the temperature of car external environment and glass, makes airborne moisture content form the water smoke or the formation frost of sublimating in the internal surface liquefaction of glass.At some cold districts, evening, external temperature reached subzero tens degree, when sleet occurring, rested on the sharply cooling of sleet on the car glass outer surface, can be frozen into frost at the window glass outside surface, covered the window glass outside surface.Boats and ships, automobile require very high for the transparency of window glass, the situation of obstruct the view can not occur.But sometimes, particularly in the driving procedure in winter, be higher than the outer natural temperature of wheel house and the temperature of car forward sight glass owing to drive room temp, add that the breathing of driving indoor occupant causes reasons such as atmospheric moisture is big little water droplet can occur and form water smoke at the window glass internal surface easily.For this situation, the officer carries out frequent wiping to car forward sight glass, has a strong impact on officer's driving safety.Also can be not bright and not clear for mirror or glass that some saunas, toilet etc. are local because of fog, bring great inconvenience.For some other window material,, when using, some special occasions also all can have the problem that hazes on the surface such as the optical window material made from diamond thin or Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan).The synthetic glass that use PMMA makes on the aircraft is as aircraft windows, and temperature is very low out of my cabin when high-altitude flight for aircraft, and the aircraft surfaces temperature is generally subzero 28 ℃ when a meters altitude, and water droplet can freeze on the glass outer side surface in the atmospheric layer; And temperature is a room temperature in the aircraft seat cabin, and airborne moisture can be met cold liquefaction and form fog in interior surfaces of glass in the cabin.
And, some research equipments such as high/low-temperature impact experimental box, weather-resistant tester, low temperature storag cabinet, aging incubator etc. to antifog requirement than higher.Especially high and low temperature impact test case, internal temperature between-70 ℃ to+200 ℃, adds that humidity inside strengthens usually during its operation, causes the observation window glass surface generation condensation made with double glazing or frosting and influences vision.Therefore, if some equipment can not solve the problem of glass surface knot water smoke and frost, can produce great effect to the use of equipment and instrument.Therefore antifog technology still all has crucial meaning to scientific research to daily life.
The method for preparing antifogging film in the market is a lot, comprise pad pasting, wired, make the internal heat type double glazing at the very thin silver of glass surface printing slurry lines with glass.Adopting method for adhering film at present is to make TiO
2Film utilizes TiO
2The superpower wetting ability of rete under uviolizing reaches except that fog effect with the moisture of absorption glass surface.But shortcoming is to be used for preparing TiO
2Titanic acid ester residual easily, often cause and occur the iris color spot on the coated glass, cause the transparency of glass obviously to reduce thus, though someone proposes with containing water and the alcoholic acid butanol solution is washed film, but used solution must all be analytical pure level material, proportioning also all will be strict with, and is difficult to guarantee just do not have the residual of titanic acid ester after washing film, and this just limits the use range of this method.The patent of this respect has Chinese patent CN200510072444.3.For wired and also can play the effect of demist to a certain extent at the very thin silver of glass surface printing slurry lines, but can influence the globality of glass like this, influence visual effect, and can not guarantee homogeneous heating, very easily causing can demist around the heating line, but elsewhere then demist not to the utmost, glass edge especially is so be difficult to ideally deal with problems.
Chinese patent ZL200820067213.6 proposes glass is made bilayer, and water filling in the hollow cavity is by adding the effect that hot water reaches demist.But this method shortcoming is a lot, and the incident direction that not only consumes energy, changes light causes refraction and influence observation, and can be easy to burst glass because of expanding with heat and contract with cold.
Chinese patent ZL200820052240.3 proposes vehicle glass is made bilayer, form the fluidizing air space between the internal and external layers of glass, in the window-frame bottom hot air inlet and venting port are installed, hot air inlet connects the tide of motorism wind regime, and hot air inlet is installed serial connection dry filter device.But this method is used a lot of restrictions is arranged, and can not guarantee the air adiabatic drying that feeds, then can influence the transparency of glass, and the steam that enters to be difficult to remove in case there is steam to feed glass inside.
Chinese patent ZL200720052462.3 proposes mainly to adopt a kind of novel internal heat type to conduct electricity antifog double glazing in some antifog requirements than higher occasion, adopt two or two above ordinary plate glass or dull and stereotyped toughened glass to form one or more hollow cavities with aluminium frame or adhesive tape, filling rare gas element in the hollow cavity, the aluminium frame is a hollow structure, built-in siccative or suction molecular sieve are with steam in the absorption hollow cavity, one side at least one sheet glass plates metal conductive film, conducting film faces hollow cavity, affixed with the sealing of aluminium frame, and be provided with insulation layer at aluminium frame and glass coating face, on the plated film face, be provided with two leads, be positioned at the both sides of coated glass and be in the hollow cavity place, can make the monolithic glass surface heat when heating like this, solve and generated heat inhomogeneous and the not good problem of visual effect.But it is very high that shortcoming is a cost, can not be used in daily life widely, can only be used for exigent special occasions such as weather-resistant tester, high/low-temperature impact experimental box, refrigerating cabinet.The front windshield of aircraft generally all can use electrically heated gold film mist elimination anti-icing, costs dearly, and cab side porthole is then used the warm air demist, and effect is relatively poor, and device is complicated.
Graphene is a kind of monolayer carbon atom material that separates from graphite material, is the two dimensional crystal that is made of carbon atom.The theoretic throat of this graphite crystal film has only 0.335 nanometer, the monoatomic layer the same (cellular) of carbon atom arrangement and graphite.Therefore having the people also to be referred to as " mono-layer graphite ", is the elementary cell that makes up other dimension carbonaceous materials (as zero dimension soccerballene, one dimension carbon nanotube, three-dimensional graphite).Just because of the two dimensional crystal structure of Graphene uniqueness, Graphene shows surprising characteristic.The theoretical specific surface area of grapheme material is up to 2600m
2/ g has outstanding mechanical property (1060GPa), has outstanding heat conductivility (3000w/ (mK) and conductivity (electronic mobility (15000cm under the room temperature
2/ (Vs)).The present invention utilizes to have the single of excellent transparency and electroconductibility or less than the Graphene of ten atomic shells, abbreviate individual layer or a few layer graphene as, the graphene film uniform spreading is formed conductive network at material surface, realize anti-fog effect under impressed voltage thereby the conductive network in these different paths evenly generates heat.Because graphene film is transparent, at the bottom of the density, electrical and thermal conductivity performance is good, compared with prior art has remarkable advantages.
Summary of the invention
The deficiency of the existing antifog technology that the present invention is directed in the technical background to be set forth is (such as TiO
2Pad pasting requires uviolizing, and wired and silver-colored line surface printing is because skewness causes antifog blind area, and complexity etc. is adorned, put to double glazing cost height), a kind of antifog technology based on individual layer or several layer graphenes is proposed.Method such as individual layer or a few layer graphene utilization stirred and ultrasonic is dispersed in water and the organic solvent, pass through hand brush, dipping, method such as spin coating or spraying evenly is coated in the mixture of graphitiferous alkene solution the surface of material, behind seasoning or heat drying, form successive graphene conductive network, make electrode again and power supply obtains antifogging film, construction is simple, is fit to scale operation.
Described individual layer or a few layer graphene, be by mechanical glass method, epitaxial growth method, chemical process or electrochemical production obtain, adopt solid phase blend grinding and liquid phase to mix and carry out surface-functionalized processing, obtain containing the two-dimensional plane material of organo-functional group, to 1000 square microns, single-sheet thickness is 0.34 to 5 nanometer to the area of single graphene film in 100 square nanometers.The specific surface area of the single Graphene that makes is 100 to 2600m
2/ g.
Described surface-functionalized, be for solve Graphene owing to the reactive force of water and organic solvent a little less than be difficult to the dispersive problem, on the benzene six-ring of Graphene, introduce specific functional group, for example the surface has sulfonic acid group through after the sulfonation reaction.The organo-functional group that contains after surface-functionalized can be that hydroxyl, epoxy group(ing), sulfonic group, thiophene, pyrroles, carboxyl, phenyl isocyanate, aniline or any one carbon chain lengths are 6 to 20 chain alkyl functional group.The selection of organo-functional group is decided according to application requiring.Surface-functionalized the whole bag of tricks no longer is described in detail here at the existing report of prior art.
Described Graphene homodisperse method is: be that Graphene is dispersed in water or the organic solvent.Through after the high-speed stirring, ultrasonic again 0.5 to 3 hour to disperse graphene film.Can add some tensio-active agents in the solvent to increase the solubility of Graphene, as sodium laurylsulfonate and TRITON (X-100) etc., also can add some conductive auxiliary agents, as have the metal nanometer line of high length-diameter ratio and carbon nanotube etc., disperse with a plurality of graphene film between play a part to increase the conductive network and the approach that conducts electricity.Disperse to finish the back and oarse-grained reunion or other foreign material are removed by filtration or centrifugal separation method, in order to avoid influence the performance and the outward appearance of final antifogging film, thus obtaining the Graphene dispersion liquid, the concentration of Graphene solution is 0.001 to 1mg/ml.
Described organic solvent includes but not limited to: methyl alcohol, ethanol, Virahol, acetone, ethyl acetate, chloroform, tetracol phenixin, tetrahydrofuran (THF), benzene,toluene,xylene, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, trichlorobenzene, trichloromethane and dimethyl formamide etc.Organic solvent plays a part to disperse Graphene, and the selection of organic solvent is decided according to following requirement: the solubleness of Graphene, to the influence of physical environment with to the drying process requirement of antifogging film.
Described film comprises:
1. hand brush, the cleaning material surface forms the rare conductive mesh of successive graphite by manual brushing at material surface.If manual brushing film and material surface bonding force are not enough, then need material is cleaned and surface modification treatment, as grind, polishing or matting etc. in acidic solution.
2. dipping, material is particularly complex-shaped and need two-sided antifog material, through directly immersing in the Graphene dispersion liquid for preparing after the surface treatment, take out material and oven dry or dry the back naturally at the surface of material formation successive graphene conductive network.Can be according to the concentration and the viscosity of conduction situation regulator solution.If impregnated membranes and material surface bonding force are not enough, then need material is cleaned and surface modification treatment, as grind, polishing or matting etc. in acidic solution.
3. spraying, cleaning needs the surface of spray material, and the Graphene dispersion liquid is configured to the concentration that is suitable for spraying, just adjusts the spraying number of times according to concentration, the flushing with clean water of carrying out after each spraying oven dry, one or many spraying back forms the rare conductive mesh of successive graphite on the surface of material.
4. spin coating, cleaning needs the surface of spin-on material, and the Graphene dispersion liquid is configured to be suitable for the concentration of spin coating, just adjusts the spin coating number of times according to concentration, the flushing with clean water of carrying out after each spin coating oven dry, the surface at material after the multiple spin coating forms the rare conductive mesh of successive graphite.If spin-coating film and material surface bonding force are not enough, then need material is cleaned and surface modification treatment, as grind, polishing or matting etc. in acidic solution.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the surface atom force microscope photo of embodiment one sample
Fig. 2 is along the thickness analysis chart of white line direction among the figure one
Embodiment
Further specify content of the present invention below in conjunction with example:
Case one:
The preparation of Graphene: utilize improved Hummer method at 98% the vitriol oil, subcooling adds a certain amount of natural flake graphite, NaNO in the stirring
3And KMnO
4, reacting liquid temperature is controlled at 0～10 ℃, and stirring reaction carries out pyroreaction after 5 hours, and reacting liquid temperature is no more than 100 ℃, continues to stir 30 minutes, with deionized water reacted solution is diluted, and adds an amount of H again
2O
2, filtered while hot does not have SO to the product after filtering with the deionized water thorough washing in filtrate
4 2-, dry then, grind the back of sieving and obtain individual layer or which floor graphene platelet 1200 ℃ of rapid thermal process.The area of prepared single Graphene be 100 square nanometers to 10 square microns, thickness is 0.3-3nm, specific surface area is 650m
2/ g.It is that sulphonating agent carries out the sulfonating surface processing that prepared graphene is advanced with the sulfanilic acid, makes the surface have sulfonic acid group.
Graphene dispersion liquid: get surface-functionalized graphene film and be dissolved in dimethyl formamide, starting point concentration is 0.05mg/ml, supersound process obtains stable dispersion liquid half an hour, dispersion liquid rotating speed with 4000rpm on whizzer was separated 5 minutes, obtain finely dispersed 0.03mg/ml Graphene solution.
Film-forming process: after substrate of glass is handled through cleaning surfaces, with dispersant liquid drop (sheet glass length and width and thickness are respectively 30,30 and 2mm) on sheet glass, under the rotating speed of 3000rpm, be coated with once by spin coater, sample 100 ℃ of flash bakings, is repeated to be coated with four times again.
The bright graphene film of surface atom force microscope table with test results can form conductive network (Fig. 1) at material surface really, promptly surpassing 95% single graphene film interconnects, form network structure, and the synergetic number of plies of graphene film is also only 1 to 20 layer after being coated with five times, thickness analysis as shown in Figure 2.The percent of pass of coating light in visible-range is greater than 90%.
Antifog test: (about 60 ℃) dry glass surface in air dry oven, in culture dish, place 25 ℃ water, the sample that the Graphene coating will be arranged is on culture dish, with the slit between adhesive tape sealing sample and the culture dish.Graphene coating two ends apply different voltages after one minute (1-10V), and device is positioned over (about 2 ℃) in the refrigerator, and test result is as shown in table 1.
Case two:
The preparation of Graphene: utilize improved Staudenmaier method in the mixed solution of 98% the vitriol oil and nitric acid, to add natural flake graphite, stir and add Potcrate, 0-10 ℃ of control reacting liquid temperature, reaction stirred obtained graphite oxide in 24 hours.With the reactant dilution, filter, the ionized water thorough washing does not have SO in filtrate
4 2-, dry then, grind the back of sieving and obtain individual layer or which floor graphene platelet 1100 ℃ of rapid thermal process.The area of prepared single Graphene is 1 to 100 square micron, and thickness is 0.3-2nm, and specific surface area is 850m
2/ g adds multi-walled carbon nano-tubes, and the mass ratio of Graphene and multi-walled carbon nano-tubes is 10: 1.
The Graphene dispersion liquid: the graphene film after heat-obtaining is handled is dissolved in dichlorobenzene, starting point concentration is 0.1mg/ml, supersound process obtained stable dispersion liquid in one hour, and dispersion liquid rotating speed with 5000rpm on whizzer was separated 3 minutes, obtained finely dispersed 0.07mg/ml Graphene solution.
Film-forming process: after (sheet glass length and width and thickness are respectively 30,30 and 2mm) is handled through cleaning surfaces on the sheet glass, directly immerse Graphene solution, take out sheet glass, 100 ℃ of flash bakings, repeated impregnations coating 10 times.
Antifog test: (about 60 ℃) dry glass surface in the air dry oven, in culture dish, place 25 ℃ water, will there be the sample of Graphene coating to be placed on the culture dish, with the slit between adhesive tape sealing sample and the culture dish.Graphene coating two ends apply different voltages after one minute (0.5-2.5V), and device is positioned over (about 2 ℃) in the refrigerator, and test result is as shown in table 1.
Case three:
The preparation of Graphene: utilize improved Staudenmaier method in the mixed solution of 98% the vitriol oil and nitric acid, to add natural flake graphite, stir and add SODIUMNITRATE, 0-10 ℃ of control reacting liquid temperature, reaction stirred obtained graphite oxide in 8 hours.With the reactant dilution, filter, the ionized water thorough washing does not have SO in filtrate
4 2-, dry then, grind the back of sieving and obtain graphene platelet 800 ℃ of rapid thermal process, after one hour, obtain individual layer or which floor graphene film through supersound process in 60 ℃ of oven dry.The area of prepared single Graphene is the 2-150 square micron, and thickness is 0.3-2nm, and specific surface area is 850m
2/ g does not carry out surface-functionalized processing.
The Graphene dispersion liquid: the graphene film after heat-obtaining is handled is dissolved in ethanol, and concentration is 0.5mg/ml, and supersound process obtained stable dispersion liquid in one hour.
Film-forming process: toughened glass (sheet glass length and width and thickness are respectively 500,500 and 3mm) uses gun spraying directly the Graphene dispersion liquid to be sprayed on armourplate glass surface, natural drying at room temperature after handling through cleaning surfaces.
Antifog test: (about 60 ℃) dry glass surface in the air dry oven, in culture dish, place 25 ℃ water, will there be the sample of Graphene coating to be placed on the culture dish, with the slit between adhesive tape sealing sample and the culture dish.Graphene coating two ends applied 30V voltage after one minute, and device is positioned over (about 2 ℃) in the refrigerator-freezer, and test result is as shown in table 1.
Table 1
Claims (9)
1. based on the transparent antifogging film of individual layer or several layer graphenes, it is characterized in that: with individual layer or a few layer graphene is functional materials, is dispersed in water or the organic solvent graphite is rare, and obtaining concentration is the Graphene dispersion liquid of 0.001-1mg/ml; The Graphene dispersion liquid evenly is coated in the surface of material by hand brush, dipping, spin coating or spraying, after through seasoning or heat drying, form successive graphene conductive network on the surface of material, obtain transparent antifogging film, on transparent antifogging film, add top electrode and voltage and can realize anti-fog effect.
2. the described transparent antifogging film of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described individual layer or a few layer graphene are the two-dimensional plane materials that obtains by mechanical glass method, epitaxial growth method, chemical process or electrochemical production.
3. the described transparent antifogging film of claim 2 is characterized in that: described individual layer or a few layer graphene are through containing the two-dimensional plane material of organo-functional group after the surface-functionalized processing.
4. the described transparent antifogging film of claim 3, it is characterized in that: described organo-functional group is that hydroxyl, epoxy group(ing), sulfonic group, thiophene, pyrroles, carboxyl, phenyl isocyanate, aniline or any one carbon chain lengths are 6 to 20 chain alkyl functional group.
5. claim 1,2 or 3 described transparent antifogging films, it is characterized in that: to 1000 square microns, lamellar spacing is 0.34 to 5 nanometer to the area of single graphene film in 100 square nanometers; Specific surface area is 100 to 2600m
2/ g.
6. the described transparent antifogging film of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the homodisperse method of Graphene refers to: Graphene is dispersed in water or the organic solvent, described organic solvent comprises methyl alcohol, ethanol, Virahol, acetone, ethyl acetate, chloroform, tetracol phenixin, tetrahydrofuran (THF), benzene, toluene, dimethylbenzene, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, trichlorobenzene, trichloromethane or dimethyl formamide, through after the high-speed stirring, ultrasonic again 0.5 to 3 hour to disperse graphene film, disperse to finish the back and oarse-grained reunion or other foreign material are removed, thereby obtain the Graphene dispersion liquid by filtration or centrifugal separation method.
7. the described transparent antifogging film of claim 6 is characterized in that: add tensio-active agent increasing the solubility of Graphene in described solvent, or add conductive auxiliary agent and be scattered in and play a part to increase conductive network and conduction approach between a plurality of graphene films.
8. the described transparent antifogging film of claim 1, it is characterized in that: electrode is by manually or automatically welding or be painted on the transparent antifogging film, and the impressed voltage scope is 0.1-30V.
9. the application of the described transparent antifogging film of claim 1 on window material.
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| CN103253656A (en) * | 2013-05-02 | 2013-08-21 | 南京科孚纳米技术有限公司 | Preparation method of graphene dispersion liquid |
| CN103449420A (en) * | 2013-08-22 | 2013-12-18 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | High-quality graphene dispersion method and film preparation method |
| CN103747548A (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2014-04-23 | 深圳市千积水电子材料有限公司 | Heating structure including transparent-grapheme circuit and preparation method and application of heating structure |
| CN103903818A (en) * | 2014-04-08 | 2014-07-02 | 国家纳米科学中心 | Method for manufacturing large-area grapheme transparent conducting film |
| CN104071778A (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2014-10-01 | 宁波墨西科技有限公司 | Graphene dispersion liquid and method for preparing graphene material power |
| CN105696921A (en) * | 2016-04-01 | 2016-06-22 | 无锡市翱宇特新科技发展有限公司 | Heat insulation window |
| CN106045334A (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2016-10-26 | 东莞宜安科技股份有限公司 | Anti-fogging coating for automotive glass |
| CN113484399A (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2021-10-08 | 南京工业大学 | Graphene film-based gas production testing method for metal ion battery, film assembly and preparation method |
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| CN103253656A (en) * | 2013-05-02 | 2013-08-21 | 南京科孚纳米技术有限公司 | Preparation method of graphene dispersion liquid |
| CN103253656B (en) * | 2013-05-02 | 2016-01-20 | 南京科孚纳米技术有限公司 | A kind of graphene dispersion liquid and preparation method thereof |
| CN103449420B (en) * | 2013-08-22 | 2015-03-25 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | High-quality graphene dispersion method and film preparation method |
| CN103449420A (en) * | 2013-08-22 | 2013-12-18 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | High-quality graphene dispersion method and film preparation method |
| CN103747548A (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2014-04-23 | 深圳市千积水电子材料有限公司 | Heating structure including transparent-grapheme circuit and preparation method and application of heating structure |
| CN103903818A (en) * | 2014-04-08 | 2014-07-02 | 国家纳米科学中心 | Method for manufacturing large-area grapheme transparent conducting film |
| CN103903818B (en) * | 2014-04-08 | 2016-08-17 | 国家纳米科学中心 | A kind of preparation method of large-area graphene nesa coating |
| CN104071778A (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2014-10-01 | 宁波墨西科技有限公司 | Graphene dispersion liquid and method for preparing graphene material power |
| CN105696921A (en) * | 2016-04-01 | 2016-06-22 | 无锡市翱宇特新科技发展有限公司 | Heat insulation window |
| CN105696921B (en) * | 2016-04-01 | 2017-05-03 | 无锡市翱宇特新科技发展有限公司 | Heat insulation window |
| CN106045334A (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2016-10-26 | 东莞宜安科技股份有限公司 | Anti-fogging coating for automotive glass |
| CN106045334B (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2018-07-24 | 东莞宜安科技股份有限公司 | A kind of automobile glass anti-fog coating |
| CN113484399A (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2021-10-08 | 南京工业大学 | Graphene film-based gas production testing method for metal ion battery, film assembly and preparation method |
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Application publication date: 20110525 |