CN102064652B

CN102064652B - Direct current motor

Info

Publication number: CN102064652B
Application number: CN 201110009702
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李英杰; 李庆光; 冯仕朋
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2011-01-17
Filing date: 2011-01-17
Publication date: 2013-08-14
Anticipated expiration: 2031-01-17
Also published as: CN102064652A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of motors. The rotor of the motor in the prior art has a ring-shaped structure, a plurality of positive and negative magnetic steels distributed at intervals are arranged in the motor, the stator is arranged in the rotor, the stator is provided with a pair of windings, the windings in a power on state for a long term are easy to emit heat, and the heat generated by the windings is not easy to dissipate. A direct current motor comprises a rotor (1) and a stator core (2), wire slots (3) uniformly isolated and distributed are formed in the stator core (2), stator coils (4) staggered and distributed across are correspondingly arranged in the wire slots (3), the heads of the stator coils (4) are connected with a public end, the tails of the stator coils (4) are connected on a rotary positioning switching group (5), the stator coils (4) in the power on state generate radial magnetic fields with the same direction on a pole shoe (6), the rotor (1) is provided with a nonmagnetic support (7), and the support (7) is provided with a permanent magnet (8) with radial polarity.

Description

DC motor

Technical field

The invention belongs to technical field of motors.

Background technology

In Chinese patent literature, denomination of invention is the DC permanent-magnetic brushless torque motor, application number 002618648, a kind of direct current torque motor is disclosed, it adopts 2 tilings of magnet steel body to stick in the rotor case worker, and main shaft 5 is pressed into stator silicon steel plate 6, and stator winding 7 embeds in the stator silicon steel plate 6, by bearing 4 supportings, end cap 3 is installed on the rotor case 1.Housing 1 surface radially equalization is shaped on notch; Magnetic guiding loop is equipped with at magnet steel body 2 two ends; Be made as big or small plank frame due to silicon steel sheet 6, the big utmost point equals N and subtracts C, and platelet C respectively is 2 symmetrical distributions.Be shaped on due to iron core slot on the stator silicon steel plate 6, stator silicon steel plate 6 is designed to big or small plank frame, setting the total number of poles of son is N, be single-phase or two phase structure as Electromagnetic Design, large number of poles is that N subtracts C, and can be divided exactly by 4, the little utmost point C of side 2 is symmetrically distributed, and can be designed to the motor of heterogeneous formula winding construction according to this design.Winding adopts whole square laminated type, utmost point cabinet, and span is one, one very just around, a very back-roll, and a wire-wound becomes, and two utmost points exchange and are commutation.Add a platelet from beginning to end at every phase winding, be referred to as to start the afterburning utmost point, play the afterburning effect of starting.The polarity of all platelets must be opposite with contiguous main pole.

Magnet steel body 2 is thin-walled, rectangle compound of sand, clay, etc. for making earthenware body.Narrow notch is offered on rotor case 1 surface unshakable in one's determination radially equalization.The metal magnetic conducting ring is equipped with at magnet steel body 2 two ends, and magnet steel body 2 is arranged as a positive reciprocal cross and sticks in the rotor case 1 interior garden groove for tiling.Main shaft 5 is pressed into the silicon steel sheet 6 of stator, embeds in the core slots of silicon steel sheet 6 due to winding 7, and the centre bore of lead-out wire 8 trailing wheels passes,

The rotor of above-mentioned existing torque motor is circular ring, wherein be provided with some positive and negative magnet steel bodies that are intervally arranged, and stator is arranged in the rotor, is provided with a pair of winding at stator, winding is in "on" position for a long time and easily generates heat, and the heat that winding produces is difficult for scattering.

Summary of the invention

The magnetic direction that the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of stator coil to produce all points to the center of circle, and the adjacent stators coil generation rotating magnetic field of switching on successively can constantly push away or haul the DC motor that permanent magnet rotor that polarity radially arranges is rotated.

For realizing purpose of the present invention, described DC motor, comprise rotor and stator core, be provided with the wire casing that even isolation distributes in the described stator core, the corresponding stator coil that in described wire casing, is provided with the dislocation cross-distribution, the head end of described stator coil is connected to common port, the tail end of described stator coil is connected on the rotation position-sensing switch group, produce the identical radial magnetic field of direction at pole shoe under each stator coil "on" position, described rotor is provided with the bearing of non-magnetic conduction, and described bearing is provided with the permanent magnet that polarity radially arranges.

Because the head end of stator coil is connected to common port, and tail end is connected on the rotation position-sensing switch group, when after adding direct voltage between rotation position-sensing switch group and the common port, according to the polarity difference that is added in the direct voltage on the stator coil, during the stator coil energising, stator coil around pole shoe produce radially magnetic field, according to the right-handed helix rule, the magnetic direction that produces during each stator coil energising all points to the center of circle or deviates from the center of circle as can be known.

Rotation position-sensing switch group is opened, make the 1st corresponding stator coil energising, be in the pole shoe generation magnetic field entad in this stator coil, suppose when magnetic direction when the magnetic field on the pole shoe and permanent magnet surfaces is opposite, permanent magnet is repelled, rotor is subjected to the promotion of repulsive force, and is inevitable to a direction rotation.After permanent magnet turned over certain angle, rotation position-sensing switch group was opened, and made adjacent the 2nd the stator coil energising that is on the direction of rotation, was in the pole shoe generation magnetic field entad in this stator coil equally, continued to promote rotor.Rotation position-sensing switch group disconnects, and makes the 1st corresponding stator coil outage.The rest may be inferred, to different positions, makes corresponding stator coil break-make by the rotation of rotation position-sensing switch group inductiopn rotor, make rotor ceaselessly by adjacent stator coil successively in turn the conducting reverse magnetic field with it that produces circulation promote and rotate.

When the polarity of DC power supply is exchanged be added on common port and the rotation position-sensing switch group again after, the magnetic direction that stator coil energising back pole shoe produces is identical with the magnetic direction of permanent magnet surfaces, permanent magnet will be subjected to the attraction of pole shoe, and rotor is subjected to the pulling of attraction, and will be inevitable to counter-rotation.Therefore, can make corresponding stator coil break-make by the rotation of rotation position-sensing switch group inductiopn rotor to different positions equally, make rotor ceaselessly by magnetic field suction pulling in the same way and reverse rotation.

Description of drawings

The drawing of accompanying drawing is described as follows:

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of 30 groove DC motor of the embodiment of the invention 1.

Fig. 2 is the A-A cutaway view among Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is the B-B cutaway view among Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is the structural representation of 4 groove DC motor of the embodiment of the invention 2.

Fig. 5 is stator coil connection line figure.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of DC motor of the present invention is described in further detail:

Embodiment 1, and as shown in Fig. 1,2,3,4, DC motor of the present invention comprises rotor 1 and stator core 2, and stator core 2 is made by silicon steel sheet, which is provided with 30 and evenly isolates the wire casings 3 that distribute.Corresponding 30 stator coils 4, per two adjacent stator coils, the 4 dislocation cross-distribution of in 30 wire casings 3, being provided with.The head end a of 30 stator coils 4 is connected to common port 12, the tail end b of 30 stator coils 4 is connected on the rotation position-sensing switch group 5,30 switches rotate in the position-sensing switch group 5 should be arranged, stator coil 4 of a switch control, rotor 1 revolution is crossed a special angle just a switch open, and an adjacent switch disconnects.In the magnetic field that pole shoe 6 produces radially, magnetic direction all points to the center of circle under stator coil 4 "on" positions, and rotor 1 is provided with the bearing 7 of non-magnetic conduction, and bearing 7 is provided with the permanent magnet 8 that polarity radially arranges.

Be provided with C wire casing 3 at least in the stator core 2, in X wire casing 3 and X+M-D*C wire casing 3, stator coil 4 is set, according to the order of sequence C stator coil 4 can be set respectively, X is the natural number greater than zero, and C is the natural number greater than 3, and it is greater than 1 natural number less than C that cross-slot is counted M, when X+M≤C, D=0, when X+M＞C, D=1.

In the present embodiment 1, C=30, M=4, just rotor 1 stator core 2 is provided with in 3,30 wire casings 3 of 30 wire casings and is provided with 30 stator coils 4, and each stator coil 4 is arranged in a pair of wire casing 3 that differs 4 wire casings 3.Therefore, each stator coil 4 is around living 4 pole shoes 6.As shown in Figure 2, wherein illustrate 6 groups of stator coils 4, difference called after the 1st, 2,3 groups of stator coils 4 and the 16th, 17,18 group of stator coil 4, its corresponding head end corresponds to a1, a2, a3, a16, a17, a18 respectively, and be connected to common port 12, tail end corresponds to b1, b2, b3, b16, b17, b18 respectively, is connected on the rotation position-sensing switch group 5.After 4 energisings of b1 stator coil, 4 pole shoes 6 form 4 radially inner magnetic poles, shown in 6 upward arrows of pole shoe among Fig. 2.When rotor 1 clockwise revolution is crossed a special angle θ, during θ=360o/C=360o/30=12o, the switch of rotation position-sensing switch group 5 produces once and switches, and makes 4 energisings of b2 stator coil, 4 outages of b1 stator coil.This moment, b2 stator coil 4 formed 4 radially inside or outside magnetic poles around 4 pole shoes 6 of living, and the magnetic field of 3 pole shoes 6 is former to be formed by 4 energisings of b1 stator coil before this and wherein have, and the magnetic field of each pole shoe 6 all radially inwardly or outside.When rotating 12o again, the switch of rotation position-sensing switch group 5 produces once again and switches, and makes 4 energisings of b3 stator coil, 4 outages of b2 stator coil.By that analogy, every anglec of rotation θ just has magneticaction that the magnetic pole of an other M=4 pole shoe 6 produces on the permanent magnet 8 of rotor 1, rotor 1 is constantly remained under the magneticaction of M=4 pole shoe 6 magnetic poles rotate.Because the gap between pole shoe 6 and the permanent magnet 8 is little, and both magnetic directions all are in the footpath upwards, thus between active force big especially, can produce very big torque.This DC motor is equivalent to C=30 utmost point DC motor, though stator coil 4 quantity are many, but remain at one or adjacent two stator coils, 4 energisings of permanent magnet 8 correspondences, be equivalent to a permanent magnet corresponding to C the utmost point of rotor, and each utmost point is at every circle 1/C, i.e. 1/30 scope work conduction time, therefore the situation that does not have the 4 energising work of unnecessary stator coil, the efficient height, and be difficult for heating, even stator coil 4 generated heat when working, the time of heating is also of short duration, every circle heating 1/30 time, and can dissipate by stator core 2 rapidly, be convenient to make multipolar dynamo.

The permanent magnet 8 of prior art one positive one anti-arranges often in pairs, and during work, rotating magnetic field pushes away one of them permanent magnet 8, and another permanent magnet 8 is inhaled, thereby make the rotor rotation.Present embodiment 1 has adopted a pair of symmetrically arranged permanent magnet 8, and like this, 30 stator coils 4 just have front two groups of stator coils, 4 energising work, and as shown in Figure 2, wherein the 1st and the 16th group of stator coil 4 switched on simultaneously and cut off the power supply.The the 2nd and the 17th group of stator coil 4 switched on simultaneously and cut off the power supply.The the 3rd and the 18th group of stator coil 4 switched on simultaneously and cut off the power supply.Naturally the 4 every circles heatings of each stator coil are 1/15 time, but power increases and is twice, by that analogy.The magneticaction that is subjected to owing to a permanent magnet 8 is monolateral, therefore easy flexural deformation when armature spindle is thin.Permanent magnet 8 adopts at least two, and is symmetrical arranged, and adopts symmetrically arranged permanent magnet 8, can make armature spindle stressed evenly, keeps rotation with one heart.So-called permanent magnet 8 is symmetrical arranged, and is exactly that angle between all permanent magnet 8 equates, and the magnetic direction unanimity, namely all points to the center of circle or deviates from the center of circle, and this is the difference with prior art.

Rotation position-sensing switch group 5 is provided with the annulus 9 of relative fixed on stator core 2, annulus 9 is dead ring, C electric conductor 10 of even isolation distribution arranged on the annulus 9, electricity isolation mutually between C the electric conductor 10, the tail end b of C stator coil 4 is connected respectively on the electric conductor 10 according to the order of sequence, and rotor 1 is provided with the coil-end carbon brush 11 that can contact with two adjacent electric conductors 10.When rotor 1 rotation carries out the transition to another adjacent stator coil 4 from a stator coil 4, for a permanent magnet 8, have the work of switching on simultaneously of flashy two stator coils 4 at intersection, the time length of the work of switching on simultaneously depends on two size of space and the width of a coil-end carbon brush 11 and rotating speeds of rotor 1 between the electric conductor 10.The size of space between two electric conductors 10 and the width of a coil-end carbon brush 11 differ more big, and switch on simultaneously time of work of two stator coils 4 is just more long, otherwise just more short.The rotating speed of rotor 1 is more little, and switch on simultaneously time of work of two stator coils 4 is just more long, otherwise just more short.Therefore the load excess load on rotor 1 can produce the work of switching on simultaneously of two stator coils 4, and power output formed moment automatically and increased this moment, and rotor 1 moment is increased.Wire casing 3 numbers that arrange on the stator core 2 are more many, and also more many once switch on the simultaneously number of times of work of interior two stator coils 4 of circle, the number of times of reinforcement is also just more many, and rotor 1 is not easy by stall.

Permanent magnet 8 both sides stator coil 4 tail end b in the corresponding wire casing 3 to the angle α of axial line are connected on the electric conductor 10 that contacts with coil-end carbon brush 11.Can guarantee like this and permanent magnet 8 corresponding nearest stator coil 4 energising work that the magnetic field and the active force between the magnetic field between the permanent magnet 8 that produce within it the pole shoe 6 after stator coil 4 energising this moment are very big, thereby can make the increase of rotor 1 moment.The magnetic field that produces within it the pole shoe 6 after stator coil 4 energising and permanent magnet 8 certain angle that should stagger, so that rotor 1 can keep rotating to a direction all the time under the situation of energising, and remains to opposite spin under the situation of power supply reversal connection.

Rotating shaft 13 at rotor 1 is provided with conducting ring 14, is electrically connected by lead 15 between this conducting ring 14 and the coil-end carbon brush 11.Conducting ring 14, coil-end carbon brush 11 and lead 15 rotate with rotor 1.Be provided with the electrode carbon brush 18 that suppresses on conducting ring 14 at stator case 17, an end of the DC power supply of power supply is added on the electrode carbon brush 18, and the other end is added on the common port 12.Because coil-end carbon brush 11 can contact with two adjacent electric conductors 10, therefore having a stator coil 4 at least is in "on" position, as long as stator coil 4 energisings, the magnetic field that just produces on the pole shoe 6 is rotated rotor 1.

Embodiment 2, and as shown in Figure 4, DC motor difference from Example 1 of the present invention is that stator core 2 is provided with and is provided with 4,4 stator coils 4 of 4 stator coils in 3,4 wire casings 3 of 4 wire casings and is respectively c1, c2, c3, c4.Each stator coil 4 is arranged in a pair of wire casing 3 that differs 2 wire casings 3.Therefore, each stator coil 4 is around living 2 pole shoes 6.After 4 energisings of c1 stator coil, 2 pole shoes 6 form 2 radially inner S magnetic poles.When rotor 1 by figure in arrow inhour revolution when crossing a special angle 90o, the switch of rotation position-sensing switch group 5 produces and switches, make 4 energisings of c2 stator coil, 4 outages of c1 stator coil, this moment, c2 stator coil 4 was around 2 radially inner S magnetic poles of 2 pole shoes, 6 formation of living, was formed by c1 stator coil 4 energising before this and the magnetic field that 1 pole shoe 6 is wherein arranged is former, and the magnetic field of each pole shoe 6 all radially inwardly or outside.By that analogy, every anglec of rotation 90 just has magneticaction that the magnetic pole of 1 other pole shoe 6 produces on the permanent magnet 8 of rotor 1, rotor 1 is constantly remained under the magneticaction of 1 pole shoe 6 magnetic pole rotate.

According to the difference of permanent magnet 8 magnetic field intensitys, different with Gauss's parameter of core material, angle α is unsuitable excessive and too small.Permanent magnet 8 outer surfaces are arc surface, keeping between permanent magnet 8 outer surfaces and the pole shoe 6 apart from equating, between interactional magnetic force even everywhere, output torque is constant relatively, and power output is also exported constant relatively.

Claims

1. DC motor, comprise rotor (1) and stator core (2), be provided with the wire casing (3) that even isolation distributes in the described stator core (2), the corresponding stator coil (4) that in described wire casing (3), is provided with the dislocation cross-distribution, it is characterized in that: the head end of described stator coil (4) is connected to common port, the tail end of described stator coil (4) is connected on the rotation position-sensing switch group (5), produce the identical radial magnetic field of direction at pole shoe (6) under each stator coil (4) "on" position, described rotor (1) is provided with the bearing (7) of non-magnetic conduction, described bearing (7) is provided with the permanent magnet (8) that polarity radially arranges, (8) at least two of described permanent magnets, and be symmetrical arranged, so-called permanent magnet (8) is symmetrical arranged, be exactly that angle between all permanent magnet (8) equates, and the magnetic direction unanimity, namely all point to the center of circle or deviate from the center of circle.

2. DC motor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that being provided with in the described stator core (2) C wire casing (3) at least, in X wire casing (3) and X+M-D*C wire casing (3) stator coil (4) is set, according to the order of sequence C stator coil (4) can be set respectively, X is the natural number greater than zero, C is the natural number greater than 3, cross-slot is counted M for greater than 1 natural number less than C, when X+M≤C, and D=0, when X+M＞C, D=1.

3. DC motor according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that described rotation position-sensing switch group (5) is provided with the annulus (9) of relative fixed on stator core (2), described annulus (9) is provided with C electric conductor of even isolation distribution (10), the tail end of C described stator coil (4) is connected respectively on the described electric conductor (10) according to the order of sequence, and described rotor (1) is provided with the coil-end carbon brush (11) that can contact with adjacent two electric conductors (10).

4. DC motor according to claim 3 is characterized in that described permanent magnet (8) both sides stator coil (4) tail end in the corresponding wire casing (3) to the angle α of axial line is connected on the electric conductor (10) that contacts with coil-end carbon brush (11).

5. DC motor according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that described permanent magnet (8) outer surface is arc surface.