CN102052068B - 油气井复合压裂射孔方法及装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明是一种能在射孔的同时对地层进行深度压裂的油气井复合压裂射孔方法及装置，它是利用复合压裂射孔器的射孔弹***引燃射孔器内的一级火药，一级火药燃烧引燃射孔器内的二级火药，一级火药和二级火药的压力峰值时差为5～10毫秒，从而形成了能量的互补，在孔道中形成持续的高压状态，延长了裂缝的长度；一级火药主要由高氯酸铵和端羟基聚丁二烯组成，二级火药主要由高氯酸铵和聚醚组成；复合压裂射孔装置中的射孔枪枪身上设有正对射孔弹射流方向的泄压孔，泄压孔上装有密封堵片，在圆筒形弹架上安装有内药盒和外药盒，其中装有一级火药的内药盒装在圆筒形弹架内，且位于相邻聚能射孔弹之间，装有第二级火药外药盒附着在圆筒型弹架外壁。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于石油勘探开发领域，是一种能够在射孔的同时对地层进行深度压裂改造的复合压裂射孔方法及装置。
背景技术
在油气井勘探开发领域中，射孔是完井工程中的关键环节，射孔的完善程度决定了油气井的产能和寿命。当今油气井射孔普遍采用聚能射孔，由于单纯的聚能射孔会在孔道壁面形成一定厚度的压实带，这种压实带所带来的后果是渗透率大幅降低，严重影响油气井产能和寿命。为此，人们在不断地探索中开发了复合射孔技术。复合射孔是将聚能射孔和火药结合，在完成射孔的同时利用火药爆燃产生的气体作用于地层，用于解除堵塞污染，破除射孔孔道内的压实带，达到增产增注的目的。目前，枪内装药的一体式复合射孔由于其具有施工简单，安全可靠，对井筒损伤小，已在油田得到了广泛应用。但是，由于一体式复合射孔大多采用弹间装药形式，特别是在孔密较高的情况下火药装药量大幅降低，使作用效果变得很差。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的问题是：提供一种能够有效提高能量利用率、提高射孔穿深、延长裂缝，进而提高压裂效果的油气井复合压裂射孔方法及装置。
本发明为解决解决上述问题所提供的油气井复合压裂射孔方法是：利用复合压裂射孔器的射孔弹***引燃射孔器内的一级火药，一级火药燃烧引燃射孔器内的二级火药，一级火药和二级火药的压力峰值时差为5～10毫秒，一级火药性能参数是：爆热3600～4200kJ/kg、火药力600～1100kJ/kg，二级火药的性能参数是：爆热2800～3400kJ/kg、火药力600～1100kJ/kg。
本发明为解决上述问题所提供的油气井复合压裂射孔装置由一节射孔器或多节射孔器连接构成，所述的射孔器具有一个射孔枪，该射孔枪中设有圆筒型弹架，在该圆筒形弹架上装有多个聚能射孔弹；本发明的特别之处是：在正对射孔弹射流方向的枪身上设置泄压孔，泄压孔上装有密封堵片，在圆筒形弹架上安装内药盒和外药盒，其中内药盒装在圆筒形弹架内，且位于相邻聚能射孔弹之间，内药盒内装一级火药，外药盒附着在圆筒型弹架外壁，外药盒内装二级火药；其中一级火药的组分重量配比为：高氯酸铵75～80％、端羟基聚丁二烯20～25％和适量添加剂，高氯酸铵和端羟基聚丁二烯之和为100％，所说的添加剂是固化剂、增塑剂、缓燃剂和稳定剂，一级火药的性能参数是爆热3600～4200kJ/kg、火药力600～1100kJ/kg；二级火药的组分重量配比为：高氯酸铵75～80％、聚醚20～25％和适量添加剂，高氯酸铵和聚醚之和为100％，所说的添加剂是固化剂、增塑剂、缓燃剂和稳定剂，二级火药的性能参数是爆热2800～3400kJ/kg、火药力600～1100kJ/kg。
利用上述一级火药与二级火药在枪内的装药方式可实现装药量的增加，并达到延长压力作用时间的目的。
上述的密封堵片可以是脆性材料密封堵片，譬如粉末冶金密封堵片或氧化铝-氧化锆陶瓷密封堵片。
上述的泄压孔最好是台阶孔，该台阶孔的小端位于圆筒形弹架的内壁，密封堵片装在该台阶孔的台阶上。这样做的目的是提高射孔弹的炸高，而炸高的提够增大射孔弹的穿深效果。
射孔时，导爆索引燃射孔弹，射孔弹***后的产物首先点燃内药盒里的一级火药，然后再点燃弹架外侧射孔弹两侧外药盒中的二级火药。一级火药与二级火药压力峰值的时差为5～10毫秒。由于一级火药与二级火药的压力峰值存在时差，从而形成了能量的互补，在孔道中形成有效压力的持续时间更长，充分提高了能量的利用率，延长了裂缝的长度。
本发明将一级和二级火药分别装在药盒里，不但简化了装配工艺，便于包装和运输，且提高了安全性，而且这种结构形式也便于规模化和标准化生产。本发明在正对射孔弹射流方向的枪身上设置泄压孔，所产生的爆燃气体无需通过井筒环空纵向和径向运动，而是直接通过泄压孔释放到射孔孔道，从而降低了爆燃气体的能量损失。本发明适用于电缆、钻杆或油管输送等现场作业工艺。
附图说明
图1是本发明的整体结构图。
图2是图1射孔器枪身上的泄压孔及堵片部分的局部视图。
图3是图1弹架外侧外药盒的剖视图。
图4是图1弹架外侧外药盒的立体图。
图5是本发明射孔弹***、一级火药和二级火药燃烧的压力曲线图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的内容加以详细说明。
如图1所示：射孔器枪身1的左端是接头2，右端是尾堵3。圆筒形弹架4上装有多个射孔弹5，各射孔弹按照设定的方位螺旋形排列。内药盒6装在圆筒形弹架4的里面，每两个相邻的射孔弹之间安装一个内药盒6；外药盒7装在圆筒形弹架4的外面。
参见图2，在枪身1上正对射孔弹弹头的位置设有泄压孔8，泄压孔8内装有堵片9。泄压孔8设计成台阶形孔，堵片9装在泄压孔的台阶上。堵片9采用现有的氧化铝-氧化锆增韧陶瓷，其中氧化铝占95％，氧化锆占3％。也可选用粉末冶金材料，譬如铁基粉末冶金材料。堵片在射孔弹***作用下能够完全破碎，不仅消除了原先钢制堵片对井筒的污染，而且避免了以往钢制堵片在射孔后下落搭桥而可能引起的卡枪事故。
如图3、图4所示。为了便于安装，上述的外药盒7的最佳方式是：两个外药盒7连为一体，构成外药盒组件，该外药盒组件具有一个圆筒形药盒架71，圆筒形药盒架上设有安置射孔弹的孔72，两个外药盒位于圆筒形药盒架上安置射孔弹的孔72的两侧。安装时只需将外药盒组件一个个套在弹架的外面即可，所以安装十分简单，而且很安全。内药盒里装有一级火药，外药盒里装有二级火药。这种一体化的药盒能够方便的与弹架、射孔弹和导爆索进行合理装配，同时也适用于可变孔密和相位的个性化设计。上述的一级火药的组分重量配比为：高氯酸铵75％、端羟基聚丁二烯25％，高氯酸铵和端羟基聚丁二烯之和为100％，添加剂(固化剂、增塑剂、缓燃剂和稳定剂)占酸铵和HTPB之和的1.3％，其性能参数是爆热3700～3900kJ/kg、火药力700～900kJ/kg；二级火药的组分重量配比为：高氯酸铵80％、聚醚20％，高氯酸铵和聚醚之和为100％，添加剂(固化剂、增塑剂、缓燃剂和稳定剂)占酸铵和聚醚之和的1.5％，其性能参数是爆热3900～4100kJ/kg、火药力900～1100kJ/kg。
图5给出了射孔弹***、一级火药和二级火药燃烧的压力曲线，图中曲线A是射孔弹的***压力曲线，曲线B是一级火药燃烧时的压力曲线，曲线C是二级火药燃烧时的压力曲线，曲线D是一级火药和二级火药燃烧复合后的压力曲线。可以看出，由于一级火药与二级火药的压力峰值时差洽到好处，其复合后的压力下降缓慢，且持续时间较长，这样就在孔道中形成持续的高压状态，其作用时间比普通复合射孔延长一倍以上，从而延长了裂缝的长度。
参见图3，在外药盒7中可以用支撑砂73来替换部分二级火药74，在裂缝压开的同时，支撑砂被高压气体带入裂缝中，能够起到对裂缝的支撑作用，阻止裂缝闭合，进一步提高油气导流能力，达到增产的目的。根据射孔方案的不同，外药盒内可以是上部装支撑砂73，下部装二级火药74；或者一侧装支撑砂，另一侧装二级火药；也可以将部分外药盒全装支撑砂。
内外药盒的盒体材料采用可燃性材料，在火药燃烧过程中能够完全燃烧，无残余物；药盒盒体还能够有效抵挡射孔弹***冲击波和高温对火药的直接作用而引起的***反应，使火药始终处于一种快速燃烧状态。
Claims (7)
1.油气井复合压裂射孔方法，其特征是：利用复合压裂射孔器的射孔弹***引燃射孔器内的一级火药，一级火药燃烧引燃射孔器内的二级火药，一级火药和二级火药的压力峰值时差为5～10毫秒，一级火药性能参数是：爆热3600～4200kJ/kg、火药力600～1100kJ/kg，二级火药的性能参数是：爆热2800～3400kJ/kg、火药力600～1100kJ/kg；在正对射孔弹射流方向的枪身上设置泄压孔，泄压孔上装有密封堵片，火药产生的爆燃气体直接通过泄压孔释放到射孔孔道。
2.实施权利要求1所述方法的油气井复合压裂射孔装置，由一节射孔器或多节射孔器连接构成，所述的射孔器具有一个射孔枪，该射孔枪中设有圆筒型弹架(4)，在该圆筒形弹架(4)上装有多个聚能射孔弹(5)，其特征是：在正对射孔弹射流方向的枪身上设置泄压孔(8)，泄压孔上装有密封堵片(9)，在圆筒形弹架上安装内药盒(6)和外药盒(7)，其中内药盒装在圆筒形弹架内，且位于相邻聚能射孔弹之间，内药盒(6)内装一级火药，外药盒(7)附着在圆筒型弹架外壁，外药盒(7)内装二级火药，其中一级火药的组分重量配比为：高氯酸铵75～80％、端羟基聚丁二烯20～25％和适量添加剂，高氯酸铵和端羟基聚丁二烯之和为100％，所说的添加剂是固化剂、增塑剂、缓燃剂和稳定剂，一级火药的性能参数是爆热3600～4200kJ/kg、火药力600～1100kJ/kg；二级火药的组分重量配比为：高氯酸铵75～80％、聚醚20～25％和适量添加剂，高氯酸铵和聚醚之和为100％，所说的添加剂是固化剂、增塑剂、缓燃剂和稳定剂，二级火药的性能参数是爆热2800～3400kJ/kg、火药力600～1100kJ/kg。
3.根据权利要求2所述的复合压裂射孔装置，其特征是密封堵片(9)是脆性材料密封堵片。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的复合压裂射孔装置，其特征是泄压孔(8)是台阶孔，该台阶孔的小端位于圆筒形弹架的内壁，密封堵片(9)装在该台阶孔的台阶上。
5.根据权利要求4所述的复合压裂射孔装置，其特征是两个外药盒(7)连为一体，构成外药盒组件，该外药盒组件具有一个圆筒形药盒架(71)，圆筒形药盒架上设有安置射孔弹的孔(72)，两个外药盒位于圆筒形药盒架上安置射孔弹的孔(72)的两侧。
6.根据权利要求5所述的复合压裂射孔装置，其特征是在外药盒中用支撑砂来替换部分二级火药。
7.根据权利要求6所述的复合压裂射孔装置，其特征是外药盒内上部装支撑砂，下部装二级火药；或者一侧装支撑砂，另一侧装二级火药。
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| PCT/CN2010/078601 WO2011057564A1 (zh) | 2009-11-11 | 2010-11-10 | 油气井复合压裂射孔方法及装置 |
| US13/521,522 US8960289B2 (en) | 2009-11-11 | 2010-11-10 | Combined fracturing and perforating method and device for oil and gas well |
| CA2789357A CA2789357C (en) | 2009-11-11 | 2010-11-10 | Combined fracturing and perforating method and device for oil and gas well |
| US13/759,064 US9027667B2 (en) | 2009-11-11 | 2013-02-05 | Structure for gunpowder charge in combined fracturing perforation device |
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| US20130098681A1 (en) | 2013-04-25 |
| CN102052068A (zh) | 2011-05-11 |
| US8960289B2 (en) | 2015-02-24 |
| CA2789357A1 (en) | 2011-05-19 |
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| WO2011057564A1 (zh) | 2011-05-19 |
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