CN102032049B - 涉及碳封存和发动机的方法及*** - Google Patents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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Abstract
本发明指向涉及碳封存和发动机的方法及***。具体而言,一种用于功率发生的***(100)包括:发动机(102),其可操作以输出废气(103);碳捕集机构(104),其可操作以从废气(103)移除二氧化碳(CO2)并且输出CO2(105);和压缩机(204),其可操作以接收C02(105)并且输出冷却发动机(102)的构件的压缩的CO2(105)。
Description
技术领域
本文中所公开的主题涉及碳封存,且更具体地,涉及在功率***中封存碳。
背景技术
功率***常排出二氧化碳废气。碳封存***从废气中移除二氧化碳气体并且储藏二氧化碳。
从废气中移除二氧化碳气体消耗了能量,该能量否则将被利用来产生有用的轴功率。需要一种方法和***,其允许***封存碳并且更有效地操作。
发明内容
根据本发明的一个方面,用于产生动力的***包括:发动机,其可操作以输出废气;碳捕集机构,其可操作以从废气移除二氧化碳(CO2)并且输出CO2;以及压缩机,其可操作以接收CO2并且输出冷却发动机的构件的压缩的CO2。
根据本发明的另一方面,一种操作功率***的方法包括:从发动机输出废气;从废气移除二氧化碳(CO2);压缩CO2;以及用该压缩的CO2冷却发动机的构件。
根据联系附图获得的以下描述,这些和其它优点和特征将变得更清楚。
附图说明
本文所附的权利要求书中具体地指出并且清楚地要求保护被认为是本发明的主题。根据联系附图获得的以下详细说明,本发明的前述和其它特征和优点将显而易见,在其中:
图1图示了用于产生动力的示例性***和方法。
图2图示了用于产生动力的***和方法的示例性备选实施例。
图3图示了图1和图2的发动机的示例性实施例的框图。
通过参考附图的示例,本详细说明解释了本发明的实施例和优点及特征。
部件清单
100***
102燃气涡轮发动机
103燃烧后废气
104碳捕集机构
106热回收蒸汽发生器(HRSG)
105CO2
107冷却气体入口
108压缩机
109冷却气体出口
110封存场所
111第一流体通道
112热交换器
113第二流体通道
114膨胀器
115蒸汽发生器
200***
202压缩机部分
204燃烧器部分
206功率涡轮部分
208定子(喷嘴)
210过渡件
具体实施方式
碳捕集机构和封存装置(CCS)用来从***废气中移除CO2并且在封存场所中储存该CO2。CCS方法常消耗能量,导致***效率的降低;例如,燃烧后的基于胺的CO2的移除使用能量来再生溶剂,例如来自热回收蒸汽发生器或蒸汽涡轮机提取的热能和功率被用来驱动压缩CO2的压缩机,以进行封存。燃气涡轮发动机常使用燃烧前压缩的空气(放气(bleed air))来冷却发动机构件。使用放气降低了性能,即燃气涡轮发动机的输出和热效率。
图1图示了用于增加使用CCS的功率***的效率的示例性***和方法。在这点上,***100包括燃气涡轮发动机102,该燃气涡轮发动机102经由热回收蒸汽发生器(HRSG)106将燃烧后的废气103输出至碳捕集机构104。该图示的示例性实施例包括HRSG 106,其冷却废气103并且输出蒸汽,然而其它实施例可不包括该HRSG 106。在该图示的示例性实施例中的碳捕集机构104可以例如是基于胺的***,该***可例如从HRSG 106接收蒸汽;然而,可使用任何其它合适的碳捕集机构方法或***从废气103提取CO2。碳捕集机构104从废气103中移除CO2。在105处的CO2由压缩机108压缩,并且被引导至封存场所110。封存场所110可包括例如地下存储场所,其可例如远离发电设备几百英尺或几百英里。在合适的压力下从CO2压缩机中的一个端口提取压缩的CO2的一部分,用来经由充分设计的管道***输送至燃气涡轮机并且从燃气涡轮机返回。引导提取的CO2穿过热交换器112(经由第一流体通道111),在该处提取的CO2由在第二流体通道113中的CO2加热到适合冷却燃气涡轮机102的温度(例如600°F)。来自第一流体通道111的CO2进入燃气涡轮机102的冷却气体入口107,冷却燃气涡轮发动机102的构件,并且以更高的温度(例如1100°F)离开燃气涡轮机102的冷却气体出口109。该CO2在降低CO2的温度(例如650°F)的膨胀器114中膨胀。将来自膨胀器114的CO2引导至热交换器112,在热交换器112中,CO2进入第二流体通道113并且加热在第一流体通道111中的CO2。该CO2离开热交换器112的第二流体通道113并且被引导至压缩机108入口。该图示的示例性实施例使用燃气涡轮发动机102,然而其它类似***可使用输出废气且由CO2冷却的另一种类型的发动机。
图2图示了一个备选的实施例***200。该***200以与如上所述的***100类似的方式操作。在该***200中,CO2膨胀器114由蒸汽发生器115取代,该蒸汽发生器115可例如是锅形再沸器,其中,利用提取自从燃气涡轮机102返回的热CO2的热来产生处在合适压力下的蒸汽。在蒸汽发生器115中产生的蒸汽可例如供给至联合循环蒸汽涡轮机(未显示)或被用于单独的蒸汽涡轮机中以产生额外的功率。
图3图示了燃气涡轮机102的一个示例性实施例的框图。该燃气涡轮机102包括压缩机部分202、可操作以燃烧燃料的燃烧器部分204以及动力涡轮部分206。CO2进入冷却气体入口107,冷却发动机构件(比方说,例如热气体通道(HGP)构件(例如第一涡轮级定子(喷嘴)208或燃烧器过渡件210)),并经由冷却气体出口109离开发动机。
在封闭的回路中使用CO2来冷却燃气涡轮机102的HGP构件增加了燃气涡轮机102的功率输出和效率。CO2具有超过压缩空气的更好的传热特性(即更高的比热),以便实现用更少量的冷却剂流冷却燃气涡轮机102的HGP构件。使用CO2作为涡轮机冷却剂来取代来自压缩机的放气,允许更多的压缩空气被用于燃烧和用于产生有用轴功率的涡轮膨胀。来自压缩机的放气典型地进入气体流通道并且在第一级转子入口上游与热燃烧气体混合,在该处热燃烧气体通过膨胀开始产生有用功。如上所述的CO2的使用,避免了由与放气的混合造成的涡轮入口温度的不希望的降低,并且减少了在燃气涡轮机102的涡轮入口和转子入口(点火温度)之间的温度差。当由CO2冷却时,燃气涡轮机102的增加的效率和功率输出抵消了由CCS过程在***100中引起的无效率的一部分。从而,该增加的燃气涡轮机功率输出抵消了总的CCS功率损失的一部分,该功率损失包括由于用来捕集来自废气的CO2的热能而产生的损失的蒸汽涡轮机功率输出和为封存而用来压缩捕集的CO2的寄生功率消耗。
尽管仅联系了有限数量的实施例对本发明进行描述,但应该容易理解的是本发明不限于这些公开的实施例。相反,可修改本发明以结合迄今为止未描述但与本发明的精神和范围相称的任何数量的变型、变更、替代或等同装置。另外,虽然已经描述了本发明的各种实施例,但应该理解的是本发明的各方面可仅包括一些所述实施例。因此,本发明不应视为由前述说明限制,而是仅由所附权利要求书的范围限制。
Claims (18)
1.一种用于功率发生的***,包括:
发动机,其可操作以输出废气;
碳捕集机构,其可操作以从所述废气移除二氧化碳并且输出所述二氧化碳;以及
压缩机,其可操作以接收所述二氧化碳并且输出冷却所述发动机的构件的压缩的二氧化碳;以及
具有第一流体通道和第二流体通道的热交换器,所述热交换器可操作以将从所述压缩机输出的所述压缩的二氧化碳接收在所述第一流体通道中,并且从所述第一流体通道以更高的温度将所述二氧化碳输出至所述发动机的冷却气体入口。
2.根据权利要求1所述的***,其特征在于,所述***还包括膨胀器,所述膨胀器可操作以从所述发动机的冷却气体出口接收二氧化碳,并且以更低的温度将膨胀的二氧化碳输出至所述热交换器的所述第二流体通道。
3.根据权利要求1所述的***,其特征在于,所述***还包括蒸汽发生器,所述蒸汽发生器可操作以从所述发动机的冷却气体出口接收二氧化碳,并且以更低的温度将膨胀的二氧化碳输出至所述热交换器的所述第二流体通道。
4.根据权利要求1所述的***,其特征在于,所述碳捕集机构是基于胺的***。
5.根据权利要求1所述的***,其特征在于,所述热交换器还可操作以将二氧化碳从所述第二流体通道输出至所述压缩机。
6.根据权利要求1所述的***,其特征在于,所述***还包括热回收蒸汽发生器,所述热回收蒸汽发生器可操作以从所述发动机接收所述废气,冷却所述废气,并且将冷却的所述废气输出至所述碳捕集机构。
7.根据权利要求1所述的***,其特征在于,所述***还包括碳封存场所,所述碳封存场所可操作以从所述压缩机接收并且存储所述压缩的二氧化碳的一部分。
8.根据权利要求1所述的***,其特征在于,所述发动机的构件是处在燃烧器的一部分的下游的涡轮机热气体通道构件。
9.一种用于操作功率***的方法,包括:
从发动机输出废气;
从所述废气去除二氧化碳;
压缩所述二氧化碳;以及
用压缩的二氧化碳冷却所述发动机的构件而不将所述压缩的二氧化碳与来自所述发动机的任何流体混合。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括在用所述二氧化碳冷却所述发动机的构件之前加热所述压缩的二氧化碳。
11.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括使冷却了所述发动机的构件的二氧化碳膨胀。
12.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括用冷却了所述发动机的构件的二氧化碳生成蒸汽。
13.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,用冷却了所述发动机的构件的二氧化碳加热所述压缩的二氧化碳。
14.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,所述压缩的二氧化碳的一部分存储在封存场所中。
15.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,利用碳捕获机构从所述废气去除二氧化碳。
16.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,所述发动机是燃气涡轮发动机。
17.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其特征在于,所述碳捕获机构是基于胺的***。
18.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,冷却了所述发动机的构件的二氧化碳经由冷却气体出口离开所述发动机。
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US12/573,334 US8171718B2 (en) | 2009-10-05 | 2009-10-05 | Methods and systems involving carbon sequestration and engines |
US12/573334 | 2009-10-05 |
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CN102032049A CN102032049A (zh) | 2011-04-27 |
CN102032049B true CN102032049B (zh) | 2015-07-29 |
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JP (1) | JP5662755B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN102032049B (zh) |
CH (1) | CH701949B1 (zh) |
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US9017455B2 (en) | 2010-06-03 | 2015-04-28 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Sulfur compounds for carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide removal |
US9038579B2 (en) | 2011-05-11 | 2015-05-26 | Korea Institute Of Machinery & Materials | Fuel cell-engine hybrid system |
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EP2551476A1 (en) * | 2011-07-26 | 2013-01-30 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Control of heat generation for carbon capture |
DE102011086374A1 (de) * | 2011-11-15 | 2013-05-16 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Hochtemperatur-Energiespeicher mit Rekuperator |
US20140041394A1 (en) * | 2012-03-01 | 2014-02-13 | Stevan Jovanovic | Integration of power generation and post combustion capture plants |
US9611756B2 (en) * | 2012-11-02 | 2017-04-04 | General Electric Company | System and method for protecting components in a gas turbine engine with exhaust gas recirculation |
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US10208677B2 (en) * | 2012-12-31 | 2019-02-19 | General Electric Company | Gas turbine load control system |
US9938861B2 (en) * | 2013-02-21 | 2018-04-10 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Fuel combusting method |
US9500103B2 (en) | 2013-08-22 | 2016-11-22 | General Electric Company | Duct fired combined cycle system |
US9409120B2 (en) | 2014-01-07 | 2016-08-09 | The University Of Kentucky Research Foundation | Hybrid process using a membrane to enrich flue gas CO2 with a solvent-based post-combustion CO2 capture system |
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CN104806356A (zh) * | 2015-04-27 | 2015-07-29 | 南京瑞柯徕姆环保科技有限公司 | 一种复叠式布列顿联合循环发电方法及装置 |
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- 2010-09-28 CN CN201010503524.4A patent/CN102032049B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-09-30 CH CH01600/10A patent/CH701949B1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP2011080464A (ja) | 2011-04-21 |
CH701949A2 (de) | 2011-04-15 |
DE102010037689A1 (de) | 2011-04-28 |
CH701949B1 (de) | 2014-11-14 |
US20110079017A1 (en) | 2011-04-07 |
CN102032049A (zh) | 2011-04-27 |
JP5662755B2 (ja) | 2015-02-04 |
CH701949A8 (de) | 2011-06-30 |
US8171718B2 (en) | 2012-05-08 |
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