CN102011065B - Alloy powder for manufacturing embossed label plate by laser cladding - Google Patents
Alloy powder for manufacturing embossed label plate by laser cladding Download PDFInfo
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- CN102011065B CN102011065B CN 201010587372 CN201010587372A CN102011065B CN 102011065 B CN102011065 B CN 102011065B CN 201010587372 CN201010587372 CN 201010587372 CN 201010587372 A CN201010587372 A CN 201010587372A CN 102011065 B CN102011065 B CN 102011065B
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Abstract
The invention discloses alloy powder for manufacturing an embossed label plate for laser cladding, which is used for manufacturing a label plate on a locomotive vehicle. The alloy powder comprises the following chemical compositions in percentage by weight: 18 to 30 percent of Ni, 11 to 28 percent of Cr, 0.8 to 2.2 percent of Si, 0.4 to 1.0 percent of B, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.50 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of P and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities. Tests show that a crack is not generated at the metallurgical joint of a cladding layer made of the alloy powder and a substrate; the atmospheric corrosion resistance of the alloy powder is higher than that of the conventional substrate of locomotive vehicle body, and the alloy powder can well meet the requirement of the locomotive vehicle on corrosion prevention performance when the locomotive vehicle runs in atmospheric environment; the alloy powder also has high wettability and self-fluxing performance, so that clad characters are attractive and flat; and the design cost of a formula of the alloy powder is low.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the laser melting coating material, refer to that particularly a kind of laser melting coating makes the type sign board and use powdered alloy, be used for the making of sign board on the rail vehicle.
Background technology
At present, the rail vehicle sign board adopts stainless steel materials to make mostly, and its operation is to carve characters earlier, sign board is spoted weld on the car body central sill again.Carve characters and make the surface of having damaged stainless steel materials, and the font depression is not attractive in appearance.Simultaneously, the sign board of spot welding is perishable coming off in the car operation process, do not have permanent.
Along with making the sign board development of technology, thereby the sign board of permanent convex has appearred on the market obtaining to have at product surface cladding powdered alloy through laser.This powdered alloy is commonly used has the Fe base, Co is basic and metal mold powder such as Ni base.The Fe based powders is to be main with the Fe element, adds alloying elements such as a spot of Cr, Ni, B, Si simultaneously, and its corrosion resistance nature is relatively poor, can not satisfy the rail vehicle requirement of operation under the atmospheric corrosion environment for a long time.Co based powders and Ni based powders are main with alloying element Co and Ni respectively, though it has erosion resistance preferably, cost is expensive; And this metal-powder of two types has higher hardness; Thermal expansivity is bigger, and wettability is relatively poor, and unrelieved stress is bigger behind the laser melting coating; Be prone to crackle, can not adapt to the requirement of the tired dynamic load operation of rail vehicle.Therefore, the railway scientific research personnel is attempting to develop the sign board of a kind of suitable rail vehicle material and operating environment always and is using the cladding alloy powder, but does not obtain effect preferably as yet up to now.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention will provide a kind of laser melting coating to make the type sign board exactly and use powdered alloy.The sign board that utilizes this powdered alloy to make has good atmospheric corrosion resistance and laser melting and coating process performance; Can guarantee to be connected firmly between coating and the base material; The flawless defective adapts to the requirement that stands long term atmospheric erosion and complicated tired dynamic load in the rail vehicle operation.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose; The laser melting coating that the present invention designed is made the type sign board and is used powdered alloy; Its chemical ingredients percentage ratio is by weight counted: Ni:18～30%, Cr:11～28%, Si:0.8～2.2%, B:0.4～1.0%, Mn≤0.1%, Cu≤0.50%, P≤0.05%, surplus are Fe and unavoidable impurities.
As preferred version; Above-mentioned laser melting coating make the type sign board with the chemical ingredients of powdered alloy by weight percentage ratio count: Ni:20～22%, Cr:14～15.5%, Si:1～1.5%, B:0.5～0.6%, Mn≤0.1%, Cu≤0.50%, P≤0.05%, surplus are Fe and unavoidable impurities.
It is following with each chemical composition design mechanism of powdered alloy that laser melting coating of the present invention is made the type sign board:
Ni element: Ni is good alloying element, can make in the cladding tissue to have austenite structure, thereby obtain the cooperation of good intensity and plasticity.Also can reduce the thermal expansivity of cladding layer simultaneously along with the increase of Ni content, thereby reduce the residual tension of cladding layer, reduce crackle rate and defective and produce.Consider that the Ni element costs an arm and a leg, so Ni content should not be too high.Confirm that through experimental analysis the present invention the content of Ni is 18～30%, preferred content is 20～22%.
Cr element: Cr is the element with more strong molten reinforcement, can improve the intensity of powdered alloy cladding layer.When Cr content reached 11%, powdered alloy just had corrosion resistance preferably; When Cr content surpassed 13%, corrosion resistance was better.Cr can also generate hard compounds such as chromium boride simultaneously, improves the hardness and the wear resistance of powdered alloy.If but its too high levels can cause the toughness of powdered alloy to reduce.It is 11～28% that the present invention selects Cr content, preferred 14～15.5%.
Si element: Si mainly plays from slag making, self-shield effect in self-fluxing alloyed powder.Si can be preferentially and the oxygen in the powdered alloy and the fusion of substrate surface oxide compound generate low-melting borosilicate; Borosilicate covers weld pool surface and prevents liquid metal transition oxidation; Thereby improve the wetting ability of melt to matrix metal; Reduce being mingled with and oxygen level in the cladding layer, improve the building-up properties of cladding layer.Si can gain in strength simultaneously, but can cause plasticity and toughness to descend, and can increase hot cracking tendency when its content is high.Be chosen as 0.8～2.2% through experimental analysis Si content of the present invention, preferred content is 1～1.5%.
B element: B is close with the Si performance, mainly plays from slag making, self-shield effect.But the B element all has a significant effect to powder fusing point, balling-up property, coating hardness, wear resistance etc. simultaneously.The increase of considering B content can make the hardness of powdered alloy improve, and as generating Fe2B hard phase, increases the cold cracking inclination of powdered alloy, so the present invention selects the content of B to be controlled to be 0.4～1.0%, and preferred content is 0.5～0.6%.
Mn element: Mn can cooperate the Si element to play deoxidation and desulfidation, can form MnS like Mn and S, alleviates the deleterious effect that S produces hot tearing.The solid solution of Mn ability enlarges the austenitic area in ferritic and austenite, change phase velocity, increases residual austenite content, ability crystal grain thinning, the toughness of raising powdered alloy.But too much Mn can cause thermo-responsive and the cold crack sensitivity coefficient increases.Simultaneously, will consider the proportioning property of Mn and Si content during the composition design, the present invention selects content≤0.1% of Mn.
Cu element and P element: generally speaking, P belongs to harmful element, but an amount of interpolation can improve the atmosphere corrosion resistance nature of powdered alloy.The present invention combines the performance of other each element and content in the design of powdered alloy composition, specially to add P element and Cu element; And content range is controlled to be Cu≤0.50%, P≤0.05%, can guarantee like this powdered alloy the weather-resistant performance and with the matching of rail vehicle with steel.
The invention has the advantages that: it is close with the vehicle body base material of rail vehicle with the hardness of powdered alloy that the laser melting coating that designed is made the type sign board, can guarantee that ftractureing does not appear in cladding layer and base material metallurgy connecting portion.The weather-resistant performance of this powdered alloy is superior to existing rail vehicle vehicle body base material, can satisfy the antiseptic property requirement that vehicle is runed in atmospheric environment well.Simultaneously, this powdered alloy also has good wettability and self-fluxing nature, makes that the writing of cladding is attractive in appearance smooth.In addition, noble metal element proportion is few in this powdered alloy, satisfy under the condition of performance requriements with low cost.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with several specific embodiments laser melting coating of the present invention being made the type sign board does further to specify with powdered alloy.
Embodiment has selected ten combination bronze ends, the weight percent of its chemical ingredients (surplus is Fe and unavoidable impurities) as shown in table 1.
Table 1:
| Embodiment | Ni | Cr | Si | B | Mn | Cu | P |
| 1 | 20.10 | 14.81 | 1.28 | 0.60 | 0.08 | 0.22 | 0.02 |
| 2 | 30.00 | 20.81 | 1.42 | 0.84 | 0.09 | 0.15 | 0.03 |
| 3 | 21.20 | 14.80 | 1.00 | 0.40 | 0.08 | 0.23 | 0.01 |
| 4 | 18.00 | 12.40 | 1.36 | 0.94 | 0.10 | 0.32 | 0.04 |
| 5 | 28.34 | 14.40 | 0.80 | 0.40 | 0.06 | 0.50 | 0.03 |
| 6 | 26.15 | 28.00 | 2.05 | 0.72 | 0.09 | 0.19 | 0.02 |
| 7 | 21.09 | 15.50 | 1.50 | 0.50 | 0.08 | 0.27 | 0.05 |
| 8 | 20.00 | 11.00 | 1.86 | 1.00 | 0.09 | 0.28 | 0.02 |
| 9 | 23.26 | 23.21 | 2.20 | 0.80 | 0.08 | 0.34 | 0.01 |
| 10 | 22.00 | 14.00 | 1.53 | 0.55 | 0.10 | 0.50 | 0.04 |
The detection that experimentizes of performance perameters such as the laser melting and coating process property of the powdered alloy of his-and-hers watches 1 listed each embodiment, cladding layer hardness, resistance to atmospheric corrosion, the detected result that obtains is following:
1, the test of laser melting and coating process property and the result of powdered alloy
Test employing thickness of slab is that the rail vehicle trade mark of 12mm is the high-strength weathering steel of Q450NQR1, and processing parameter is selected 1.5KW and two kinds of laser powers of 1.0KW for use, and the melting and coating process test is carried out at above-mentioned ten combination bronze ends.Melting and coating process moulding result shows: no matter be or under the effect of 1.5KW power laser, the cladding layer that powdered alloy obtained presents silvery white at 1KW power, and the outward appearance moulding smooth and beautiful appearance at nine combination bronzes ends wherein.Under opticmicroscope, observe, cladding layer is that firm metallurgy is connected with basic unit, and fusion is good, the flawless defective.It is thus clear that powdered alloy of the present invention can satisfy on rail vehicle the requirement of making attractive in appearance, convex and permanent marker board.
2, the cladding layer hardness test and the result of powdered alloy
Cladding layer hardness to above-mentioned ten combination bronze ends detects respectively, and observed value (HV) is the result see shown in the table 2.
Table 2:
| Embodiment | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| Hardness value | 210 | 181 | 196 | 185 | 178 | 210 | 206 | 198 | 205 | 196 |
The steel grade that rail vehicle is commonly used is a carbon steel and low alloy steel, and hardness value is generally about 200HV.If powdered alloy cladding layer hardness is too high, then produce big unrelieved stress at base material and coating connecting portion easily, cause cracking easily.Can know that from table 2 result displayed the hardness of ten combination bronze end cladding layers is between 178～210HV, and is very approaching with the hardness of rail vehicle normal steels, can effectively reduce the unrelieved stress of base material and coating connecting portion, prevent cracking, increase the service life.
3, test of the atmospheric corrosion resistance of powdered alloy and result
Select rail vehicle steel Q450NQR1 commonly used steel as a comparison; According to TB/T2375-93 " railway soaks into the corrosion test method with the weathering steel cycle " the last laser melting coating sample of above-mentioned ten combination bronzes is carried out corrosion resistant test under the accelerated corrosion environment then; Through the 96h test, it is as shown in table 3 to obtain the corrosion weight loss result.
Table 3:
| Embodiment | Original weight, g | After 96 hours, g | Weightlessness, mg | Rate of weight loss, g/ (m 2·h) |
| 1 | 24.5599 | 24.3511 | 208.8 | 15.33 |
| 2 | 24.5349 | 24.3257 | 209.2 | 15.36 |
| 3 | 24.706 | 24.4963 | 209.7 | 15.40 |
| 4 | 24.4797 | 24.2513 | 228.4 | 16.77 |
| 5 | 24.3255 | 24.0657 | 259.8 | 19.08 |
| 6 | 24.7257 | 24.4968 | 228.9 | 16.81 |
| 7 | 24.7886 | 24.5277 | 260.9 | 19.16 |
| 8 | 24.8679 | 24.6394 | 228.5 | 16.78 |
| 9 | 24.1189 | 23.8735 | 245.4 | 18.02 |
| 10 | 24.5532 | 24.3207 | 232.5 | 17.73 |
| Compared steel | 24.4902 | 24.1897 | 300.5 | 22.90 |
Wherein, corrosion weight loss rate calculations formula is following:
In the formula: W-rate of weight loss, g/ (m
2H);
G
0---sample original weight, g;
G
1---sample examination back weight, g;
A---specimen length, mm;
B---specimen width, mm;
C---sample thickness, mm;
T---test period, h.
As can be known from the results of Table 3, the corrosion weight loss speed of the cladding sample at ten combination bronze ends all is lower than the Q450NQR1 mother metal, can satisfy the requirement of antagonism atmospheric corrosion performance in the rolling stock operation.
In addition, laser melting coating of the present invention is made the type sign board can know that with the application cost analysis of powdered alloy Fe content reaches 40～60% in the powdered alloy of the present invention, for valuable Ni base or Co powder, material cost significantly reduces.Simultaneously, because powdered alloy of the present invention is the self-fluxing nature powder, undesirable gas protection in the laser cladding process, the manufacture craft of simplification sign board has also significantly reduced production cost.Take all factors into consideration, compare with the Co powder, can reduce about 20～30% use cost with valuable Ni base.
Claims (2)
1. a laser melting coating is made the type sign board and is used powdered alloy; Its chemical ingredients percentage ratio is by weight counted: Ni:18～30%, Cr:11～28%, Si:0.8～2.2%, B:0.4～1.0%, 0＜Mn≤0.1%, 0＜Cu≤0.50%, 0＜P≤0.05%, surplus are Fe and unavoidable impurities.
2. laser melting coating according to claim 1 is made the type sign board and is used powdered alloy; It is characterized in that: the chemical ingredients of this powdered alloy percentage ratio is by weight counted: Ni:20～22%, Cr:14～15.5%, Si:1～1.5%, B:0.5～0.6%, 0＜Mn≤0.1%, 0＜Cu≤0.50%, 0＜P≤0.05%, surplus are Fe and unavoidable impurities.
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| CN103962546B (en) * | 2014-03-18 | 2015-09-30 | 河北瑞驰伟业科技有限公司 | Copper Ni-Cr-Mo base alloy powder and cladding method thereof |
| JP6873987B2 (en) * | 2015-11-02 | 2021-05-19 | ザ・ナノスティール・カンパニー・インコーポレーテッド | Laminated construction of metal matrix composites in situ |
| CN109628923A (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2019-04-16 | 中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院 | A kind of nodular iron casting laser melting coating, which remanufactures, uses iron(-)base powder |
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| SE524928C2 (en) * | 2001-06-05 | 2004-10-26 | Alfa Laval Corp Ab | Iron-based brazing material for joining elements through brazing and brazed product made herewith |
| SE531988C2 (en) * | 2006-11-17 | 2009-09-22 | Alfa Laval Corp Ab | Soldering material and method of soldering with this material |
| CN100510182C (en) * | 2007-04-10 | 2009-07-08 | 北京科技大学 | Plasma melting coating iron-base amorphous nano-crystalline coat and preparing method thereof |
| CN101381869B (en) * | 2008-10-22 | 2011-02-02 | 东莞理工学院 | Alloy powder special for laser-melted high hardness crackless iron-base alloy |
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Address after: 430212 new bridge area, Jiangxia Economic Development Zone, Wuhan, Hubei Patentee after: CRRC Yangtze Co.,Ltd. Address before: 430212 new bridge area, Jiangxia Economic Development Zone, Wuhan, Hubei Patentee before: CSR Yangtze Co.,Ltd. |
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Effective date of registration: 20200421 Address after: Song Jia Qiao Zhuzhou Hetang District of Hunan Province in 412003 Patentee after: CRRC Zhuzhou Vehicle Co.,Ltd. Address before: 430212 new bridge area, Jiangxia Economic Development Zone, Wuhan, Hubei Patentee before: CRRC Yangtze Co.,Ltd. |
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