CN101993733B - Novel municipal solid waste pyrolysis gasification furnace - Google Patents
Novel municipal solid waste pyrolysis gasification furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN101993733B CN101993733B CN 201010567630 CN201010567630A CN101993733B CN 101993733 B CN101993733 B CN 101993733B CN 201010567630 CN201010567630 CN 201010567630 CN 201010567630 A CN201010567630 A CN 201010567630A CN 101993733 B CN101993733 B CN 101993733B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a novel municipal solid waste pyrolysis gasification furnace, which comprises a gasification furnace main body. The gasification furnace main body is sequentially provided with a drying section, a pyrolysis section and an exhaust chamber from top to down; an ash discharge chamber is arranged at the bottom of the gasification furnace main body; an air outlet is arranged near the upside of the drying section; a plurality of air inlets are arranged above the ash discharge chamber and below a throat of the gasification furnace main body and arranged in a surrounding structure of plural rings; the exhaust chamber is formed by a plurality of vent holes uniformly distributed on the throat of the gasification furnace main body; the vent holes are communicated with a shaped brick sandwich of the gasification furnace main body; the shaped brick sandwich is also communicated with the air outlet; and a plurality of small-bore water inlets directly connected with the inner cavity of the gasification furnace main body are arranged at the position of the throat of the gasification furnace main body. The type selection of the reactor is very important in the heat utilization process of the municipal solid wastes and is directly related to the equipment investment cost, the running cost and the adaptability of the municipal solid wastes; the pyrolysis gasification furnace can effectively treat the traditional municipal solid wastes and has the advantages of low equipment cost, less running cost and high energy and resource recovery utilization rate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the design of a kind of novel reactor in the municipal solid wastes heat treatment process, relate in particular to a kind of new equipment that improves the reactant scope of application, improves product calorific value and component.
Background technology
Environmental problem is one of key factor that determines human survival and development.Since the industrial revolution, the world industry degree improves day by day, is accompanied by production scale and enlarges and social development, has produced a large amount of discarded objects, and is the most serious with the situation in city.The MSW(municipal solid wastes) be the discarded object that the urban human life process is discharged, it comprises, and the kitchen is remaining, fruit leaf, waste paper, waste plastics, scrap rubber, cullet, old metal, scoot and sandstone etc.Along with urban population density further strengthens, cause the MSW problem also to be on the rise.According to statistics, the annual MSW in the whole world measures about 6.5 hundred million t, and China's 665 cities MSW generation surpasses 1.52 hundred million t, and with annual 8%～10% speed increment, accounts for 26.5% of the total generation of world MSW.And can be used as resource mostly, these MSW are used; therefore, how " discarded object is the resource that has misplaced the position " realizes innoxious, minimizing and the resource recycling utilization of MSW; being not only the needs of environmental protection, also is the needs of comprehensive utilization of resources.
MSW itself has the characteristics such as complicated, size inhomogeneities, physical property inhomogeneities, present directly burning utilizes in the process and causes utilization ratio low because the problems such as difficulty is large are burnt, controlled to solid phase (heterogeneous), can cause a lot of insoluble problems to equipment and technique simultaneously.And the gasification technology in the MSW heat utilization technology can well address this problem, and MSW gasification recycling can well be solved the problem of material inhomogeneities, can improve utilization ratio in the process of recycling; The low heat value gas that MSW gasification produces can be used as the unstripped gas of synthetic liquid fuel, but the residue of stable in properties landfill or be used as building materials after treatment.The MSW gasification technology is a kind of technology of MSW being carried out the high temeperature chemistry processing, and the bacterium after the gasification process among the MSW, virus can thoroughly be eliminated, and various foul gas obtain pyrolytic, the treated rear discharging up to standard of the pernicious gas in the flue gas; And MSW gas and derivative thereof have very high added value, and be of many uses, is the strong embodiment of resource.Therefore, MSW gasification be realize that MSW is innoxious, minimizing and resource one of the most effective means.
Reactor mostly is fixed bed in the existing MSW gasification reaction process, the fixed bed operation principle as shown in Figure 1, general solid material feeds from vertical heater top by the sealing hopper, and material relies on gravity descending in stove, the parallel reactor that passes through of oxygen and steam and material.Fixed bed is a kind of type of furnace of using early, is used at first coal and processes.This furnace type structure is simple, and cost is low, and the final products of this type of furnace are generally low-calorie combustion gas and coke.Same gasifying medium also can be sent into from the bottom, forms reverse-flow gas-solid contact.Lurgi is the technology representative of such fixed bed, and British Gas and Lurgi joint development go out the slag tap gasification furnace for the treatment of capacity 300t/h--BGL type, and this stove has reduced the body of heater volume greatly.But the problems such as gasification efficiency is low, the gas component quality is not high that present fixed-bed gasification furnace exists.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of novel efficient MSW pyrolytic gasification reactor, can effectively solve the existing problem of MSW fixed bed reactors, can solve the problem that present stage MSW exists, realize the purpose of garbage decrement, innoxious, resource.
For realizing above purpose, the present invention has taked following technical scheme: a kind of Novel municipal solid waste pyrolysis gasification furnace, include the gasification furnace main body, described gasification furnace main body is followed successively by from top to bottom drying section, pyrolysis section, exhaust chamber gasification furnace main body bottom and is provided with ash discharge chamber, and the side on drying section top is provided with exhaust outlet; Above the ash discharge chamber, be provided with a plurality of air inlets below the reducing of gasification furnace main body, air inlet with multi-turn around structural configuration, exhaust chamber is comprised of a plurality of steam vents that are evenly arranged on the gasification furnace main body aditus laryngis, described steam vent communicates with the special form brick interlayer of gasification furnace main body, and described special form brick interlayer also is communicated with exhaust outlet; In gasification furnace main body throat location a plurality of small-bore water inlets that directly link to each other with gasification furnace main body inner chamber are set.
Gasifying medium tangentially enters gasification furnace from air inlet, forms eddy flow, guarantees that air inlet is even, can well penetrate the MSW central area, improves the municipal solid wastes intensity of gasification.The municipal solid wastes that adds in the stove is vaporized stove high-temperature wall surface and the oven dry of high-temperature gas product in drying section, material by partially desiccated after pyrolysis under the condition of oxygen deprivation, carbide after the pyrolysis constantly is displaced downwardly to cracking room and burns away, and the gas that pyrolysis produces enters the interlayer exhaust chamber by the passage on the furnace wall, passes into gas purifying equipment again.Pyrolysis gas and red-hot carbon-coating generation reduction reaction, produce more CO gas, hydrogen and small molecule hydrocarbon class gas, add a small amount of free state water here, be conducive to the adjustments of gas component, improve its quality, tar and harmful substance in the pyrolysis gas at high temperature can thoroughly be decomposed simultaneously, greatly reduced gas purge system and processed intensity, thereby the cleaning system equipment cost is obviously reduced.
Air inlet is three ring type structures, surveys in the circle and forms annular wind, and air tangentially enters in the gasification furnace by air inlet, form eddy flow, and guarantee that by roots blower blast is even, and guarantee that tangentially air inlet is even, can well penetrate the MSW central area, so that reaction is more abundant.This air intake structure has stronger penetration capacity, so that gasifying agent is evenly distributed on the interior same plane of stove, so that reaction is more abundant, thereby obtains the better pyrolytic gasification reaction result that gets.
Water inlet and many groups small-bore water inlet that gasification furnace main body inner chamber directly links to each other are used for increasing free state water in MSW pyrolytic gasification process, improve final gas component, improve combustible gas grade and content, reduce simultaneously cinder content in the gas; Store through air accumulator through the high heating value gas that purifies, because the high heating value of this class gas can be used as synthetic unstripped gas, also can adapt to various combustion furnaces simultaneously.
The gasification furnace exhaust chamber is comprised of two groups of 12 apertures that are evenly arranged on the aditus laryngis, by this steam vent, the gas that produces enters the special form brick interlayer, enter at last the exhaust outlet of gasification furnace top, this exhaust mode can effectively solve the problem that mixes air in the exhaust of updraft type gasification furnace, effectively reduces impurities in the gaseous product.
The gasification furnace main body is interlayer, innermost layer refractory brick and refractory cement mixed layer, and the centre is the heat-preservation cotton layer take glass fibre as main material, outermost layer is the steel plate layer.Because complicated component among the MSW has serious corrosion to body of heater under the high temperature of pyrolysis and gasification, therefore designing three-ply sandwich structure can effectively prevent corrosive gas to the corrosion of body of heater, improves gasification furnace service life, the adaptability of raising reactant.
The present invention compared with prior art has following advantage: the invention provides the new equipment in a kind of municipal solid wastes heat treatment process, for the municipal solid wastes heat utilization provides a kind of new efficient reactor; The reactor type selecting is most important in municipal solid wastes heat utilization process, be directly connected to the adaptability of equipment investment cost, operating cost and municipal solid wastes, therefore the basic principle of its application is, can effectively process existing municipal solid wastes, equipment price is low, operating cost is few, and the energy and resource recycling rate are high.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the reactor in the existing MSW gasification reaction process;
Fig. 2 is burning boiler structure vertical cross-section schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the vertical view cutaway drawing of Fig. 2.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments content of the present invention is described in further details.
Embodiment:
See also Fig. 2 and shown in Figure 3, a kind of Novel municipal solid waste pyrolysis gasification furnace, include gasification furnace main body 1, the gasification furnace main body is followed successively by drying section 11, pyrolysis section 12, exhaust chamber 13 from top to bottom, gasification furnace main body 1 bottom is provided with ash discharge chamber 14, and the side on drying section 11 tops is provided with exhaust outlet 2; Above the ash discharge chamber 14, be provided with a plurality of air inlets 3 below the reducing of gasification furnace main body 1, air inlet 3 with multi-turn around structural configuration, exhaust chamber 13 is comprised of a plurality of steam vents 4 that are evenly arranged on gasification furnace main body 1 aditus laryngis, steam vent 4 communicates with the special form brick interlayer 5 of gasification furnace main body 1, and special form brick interlayer 5 also is communicated with exhaust outlet 2; In gasification furnace main body 1 throat location a plurality of small-bore water inlets 18 that directly link to each other with gasification furnace main body 1 inner chamber are set.
Gasification furnace main body 1 is interlayer, innermost layer refractory brick and refractory cement mixed layer, and the centre is the heat-preservation cotton layer 16 take glass fibre as main material, outermost layer is the steel plate layer.
Municipal solid wastes adds gasification furnace, part rubbish and oxygen combustion again through after tentatively stacking, provide thermal decomposition required heat, pyrolysis occurs in most of rubbish under anoxia condition, separate out fugitive constituent and coke, and fugitive constituent stops in high temperature reaction zone secondary response occurs.Pyrolysis, the gasification of rubbish in pyrolysis gasifying device belongs to the chemical reaction process of multi-phase multi-component system.
The present invention has applied on the Boluo municipal solid wastes pyrolytic gasification project at present: in this gasification with air as gasifying medium, stable, reaction time shortens, reaction temperature is higher, react more abundant, uncombusted rate decrease is conducive to improve gasification efficiency, has improved heat transfer efficiency and energy utilization rate; Can obtain better firing characteristic, improve flame holding, can enlarge the burning load ratio; The output gas ingredients is stable, and hydrogen content is higher, and gasification efficiency reaches more than 47%, and the combustion gas component is N
2, O
2, CO, H
2, CH
4And C
nH
mDeng, calorific value surpasses 1500kcal/m
3, tar content is controlled at 0.2-0.5g/Nm
3Scope in.
Above-listed detailed description is that this embodiment limits claim of the present invention for the specifying of possible embodiments of the present invention, and the equivalence that all the present invention of disengaging do is implemented or change, all should be contained in the claim of this case.
Claims (2)
1. municipal solid wastes pyrolysis gasification furnace, include gasification furnace main body (1), it is characterized in that: described gasification furnace main body is followed successively by drying section (11), pyrolysis section (12), exhaust chamber (13) from top to bottom, gasification furnace main body (1) bottom is provided with ash discharge chamber (14), and the side on drying section (11) top is provided with exhaust outlet (2); Reducing below in ash discharge chamber (14) top, gasification furnace main body (1) is provided with a plurality of air inlets (3), air inlet (3) with multi-turn around structural configuration, exhaust chamber (13) is comprised of a plurality of steam vents (4) that are evenly arranged on gasification furnace main body (1) aditus laryngis, described steam vent (4) communicates with the special form brick interlayer (5) of gasification furnace main body (1), and described special form brick interlayer (5) also is communicated with exhaust outlet (2); In gasification furnace main body (1) throat location a plurality of small-bore water inlets (18) that directly link to each other with gasification furnace main body (1) inner chamber are set.
2. municipal solid wastes pyrolysis gasification furnace as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described gasification furnace main body (1) is interlayer, innermost layer refractory brick and refractory cement mixed layer, the centre is the heat-preservation cotton layer (16) take glass fibre as main material, outermost layer is the steel plate layer.
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| CN 201010567630 CN101993733B (en) | 2010-11-30 | 2010-11-30 | Novel municipal solid waste pyrolysis gasification furnace |
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| CN 201010567630 CN101993733B (en) | 2010-11-30 | 2010-11-30 | Novel municipal solid waste pyrolysis gasification furnace |
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| CN101993733B true CN101993733B (en) | 2013-03-27 |
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Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT511684B1 (en) * | 2011-07-14 | 2013-12-15 | Rep Renewable Energy Products Gmbh | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR GASIZING BIOMASS |
| CN102607035B (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2014-06-18 | 杭州恒明环境技术有限公司 | Process of municipal solid waste treatment and utilization system |
| CN103756729B (en) * | 2014-02-19 | 2015-05-13 | 内蒙古科技大学 | Pulse downdraft type high-temperature fixed bed gasification furnace |
| CN104949130B (en) * | 2015-06-23 | 2018-01-19 | 中国环境科学研究院 | A kind of three stage structure pyrolysis gasification furnace |
| CN110066083B (en) * | 2019-04-11 | 2023-09-19 | 嘉禾聚能（天津）科技有限公司 | Sludge pyrolysis recycling system and pyrolysis method |
| CN110066667A (en) * | 2019-04-11 | 2019-07-30 | 嘉禾聚能（天津）科技有限公司 | The vertical pyrolysis reactor and pyrolytic reaction system of solid thermal carriers circulation |
| CN111137893B (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2021-10-15 | 靖州县华荣活性炭有限责任公司 | Regenerator is used in active carbon production |
| CN111139103B (en) * | 2020-01-06 | 2021-06-01 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | Heat accumulating type pyrolysis gasification device |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5484465A (en) * | 1993-08-02 | 1996-01-16 | Emery Recycling Corporation | Apparatus for municipal waste gasification |
| CN2442105Y (en) * | 2000-09-15 | 2001-08-08 | 北京浩业达经济贸易发展有限公司 | Gas generating furnace for refuse regeneration |
| CN1396406A (en) * | 2002-08-14 | 2003-02-12 | 韩连恩 | Back-fire gasifier for city garbage |
| CN2677376Y (en) * | 2004-01-16 | 2005-02-09 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | Down-draft gasification furnace |
-
2010
- 2010-11-30 CN CN 201010567630 patent/CN101993733B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5484465A (en) * | 1993-08-02 | 1996-01-16 | Emery Recycling Corporation | Apparatus for municipal waste gasification |
| CN2442105Y (en) * | 2000-09-15 | 2001-08-08 | 北京浩业达经济贸易发展有限公司 | Gas generating furnace for refuse regeneration |
| CN1396406A (en) * | 2002-08-14 | 2003-02-12 | 韩连恩 | Back-fire gasifier for city garbage |
| CN2677376Y (en) * | 2004-01-16 | 2005-02-09 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | Down-draft gasification furnace |
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