CN101982924B - Design method for variable-frequency driven double-rated frequency three-phase motor - Google Patents
Design method for variable-frequency driven double-rated frequency three-phase motor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of variable-frequency driving, in particular to a design method for a variable-frequency driven double-rated frequency three-phase motor, which comprises the following steps: creating a derivative motor cluster of a general-purpose motor by an equivalent method, and designing three-phase windings of the derivative motors into a Y connection mode, wherein the number of parallel branches of the coil for the winding of each phase is an even number; dividing the parallel branches of the winding of each phase into two groups, wherein the number of coils in each group is the same; dividing the three-phase windings into six groups, short-circuiting the last three outgoing wires of the second group of the three-phase windings in the motor, and leading the other nine outgoing lines to a terminal box to switch between double Y connection and large Y connection; and finally, selecting a compatible general-purpose frequency converter to combine the system. Thus, one motor obtained by the invention has two rated frequencies fL and fH, and the two frequencies can be selected in a quite wide range.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the variable-frequency driving technique field, be specifically related to a kind of two rated frequency three phase electric machine methods that are applicable to frequency conversion drive.
Background technology
Variable-frequency driving technique has been widely used in all trades and professions at present.Frequency converter product one a pickup generation is constantly weeded out the old and bring forth the new, and is promoting improving and progress of variable-frequency driving technique.
Motor and frequency converter are to be combined into the most basic two parts of a frequency changing driving system (being designated hereinafter simply as system).Various types of triphase induction type asynchronous motors (being designated hereinafter simply as general-purpose machine) are the maximum motors of use amount in the existing system, and it has occupied the share more than 90% of total use amount.
The general-purpose machine rated frequency of China is 50HZ, and rated voltage is 380VAc mostly.Abroad, the rated voltage of different regions general-purpose machine is different, and rated frequency has 50HZ, and 60HZ is also arranged, and they all are corresponding to the electric pressure and the frequency of local electrical network.
When these general-purpose machines and frequency converter are combined into system, the output characteristic curve of system (being designated hereinafter simply as system performance) is shown in accompanying drawing 1." flex point " of two curves is only corresponding with the rated frequency 50HZ (or 60HZ) of motor." flex point " is divided into speed regulation by constant torque and two zones of constant-power speed regulation to the speed adjustable range of system.In fact, the system that present home and overseas is combined into by general-purpose machine, its system performance are mostly just shown in accompanying drawing 1.Less than 50HZ (or 60HZ) is speed regulation by constant torque, is constant-power speed regulation greater than 50HZ (or 60HZ).
In the last few years, no matter people were hybrid vehicles in the automobile that taps a new source of energy, or pure electric automobile, also be applied to variable-frequency driving technique.Their power supply is direct current (battery) voltage mostly, and the three-phase alternating voltage that converts voltage and frequency continuous controllable through inverter to is exported, and drives three phase electric machine.In the selection of motor, general-purpose machine is arranged, three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor and three-phase reluctance motor or the like.Yet their system performance also all is to be confirmed by the rated frequency of motor: less than rated frequency is speed regulation by constant torque, is constant-power speed regulation during greater than rated frequency.The corresponding one group of characteristic curve of the rated frequency of each motor.That " flex point " of curve is corresponding usually is 50HZ (or 60HZ).
Under normal conditions, the motor in the system operates in motoring condition mostly, and promptly motor changes into kinetic energy (rotating speed and torque) driving load running with the electric energy of frequency converter supply.Yet, also having under many situations, the motor in the system is to operate in generating state, promptly the output shaft of motor transforms the electric energy feedback power to the kinetic energy of external force under the drive of external force.For example, the spin extractor by system drive of weaving and pharmaceutical industry, when getting into ramp to stop in the back that runs up, the load meeting of these large rotating inertias drives motor and gets into generating state; By the hoisting and hanging machinery of system drive, when transferring weight, the potential energy of weight can make transfers acceleration; If meeting out of control leads to a disaster; Need this moment system regulation at the generator operation state, motor changes into the mode of electric energy feedback power to gravitational potential energy, and stagnant resistance is transferred acceleration slowly to transfer evenly; Electric automobile is when slowing down and brake, and when going in the descending highway section, system also can be Electric Machine Control at generating state, so that the at the uniform velocity jogging in the feedback of vehicle energy and descending highway section; What is more, and a kind of needs are arranged, and makes people be designed to generating state to the main operating mode of system.At this moment system has become a power supply, and the electricity consumption of other in facility is continuously partly supplied power; Motor in the frequency changing driving system in the hybrid vehicle be designed to electronic with the generating both take into account.
Summary of the invention
The applicant has submitted an invention application on April 12nd, 2007: " designing stator winding to transform the method for designing of general-purpose machine by load characteristic and requirement ", application number are 200710039396.0 (being designated hereinafter simply as the A application).Authorize.The applicant has also submitted a PCT invention application on August 18th, 2008: " a kind of method that is formed " its derivative motors " by " prototype machine " ", application number are PCT/CN 2008/001481 (being designated hereinafter simply as the PCT application).The present invention is popularization and the extension to preceding two applications technology.
Motor in existing system all has only a rated frequency, and is 50HZ (or 60HZ) mostly, and the output characteristic that is combined into system when it and frequency converter is as shown in Figure 1.The invention enables and in a motor, contain two rated frequency f
LAnd f
HAnd, frequency f
LAnd f
HCan in quite wide in range frequency range, select as required.After the motor of this pair of rated frequency was combined into system with the frequency converter that is complementary, system had just possessed two group system output characteristic curves as shown in Figure 2.
The corresponding respectively frequency of " flex point " of two sets of curves among Fig. 2 is f
LAnd f
Hf
HBe f
L2 times; Rated frequency is f
HThe time motor rated power and the speed regulation by constant torque zone of system also be that rated power is f
LThe time motor 2 times of speed regulation by constant torque zone of rated power and system.
In numerous loads that need frequency conversion drive, by its load characteristic and requirement, though the system that great majority needn't adopt this pair of rated frequency motor to form.Because the control circuit of this system design than existing conventional system complex some, the device of use is also many, cost is also higher.But,, but be to be fit to and needs to some specific loads.For example the pure electric automobile master drives such load, when it goes in the urban district, when go in the ascents and descents highway section in the mountain area, needs low cruise; Need high-speed cruising when having gone up highway and road surface, suburb spaciousness, the speed adjustable range of motor requires very wide in range.The speed adjustable range of existing systems usually is difficult to high speed low speed, and both take into account.
The present invention increases the speed regulation by constant torque scope of system and is twice, and can solve both problems of taking into account of high low speed preferably.
As becoming system design the special case that is mainly used in the generating state operation.Low when high when external force drives the rotating speed of motor shaft, high speed low speed differs greatly, and is fluid again, still requires system to be converted into electric energy to the kinetic energy of external force when power consumption equipment is supplied power, and the system that two rated frequency motors are formed can be better choice undoubtedly.In a word, the system that is combined into by two rated frequency three phase electric machines is a kind of new selection in the frequency conversion drive design.
Before concrete elaboration content of the present invention, introduce earlier the related content of A application and PCT application briefly.
The A application points out that the output characteristic of the widely used frequency changing driving system in present home and abroad is by two single curves represented (like accompanying drawing 1).Article two, the rated frequency 50HZ (or 60HZ) of " flex point " corresponding general-purpose machine of curve.The system performance that this single nothing is selected in the face of all kinds of unequally loaded characteristics and requirement, usually is difficult to be complementary.
The stator winding parameter that the A application has proposed with general-purpose machine is a benchmark; Reduce by a circle one by one and increase by a circle one by one by each stator winding coil; The rule suitable basically according to the copper consumption of stator winding lead; Calculate " its derivative motors " stator winding, just formed " its derivative motors " crowd of former general-purpose machine.
In the A application, be example, done to specify with the general-purpose machine of China Y serial model No. Y160L-6 (the 11KW/6 utmost point).Obtained the parameter list that Y160L-6 general-purpose machine winding designs " its derivative motors " that obtain again.(referring to table 1)
Table 1
| Every coil turn (T-N) | 28 | 27 | 26 | 25 | 24 | 23 | 22 | 21 |
| Corresponding winding conducting wire sectional area (mm 2) | 2.834 | 2.939 | 3.052 | 3.174 | 3.306 | 3.450 | 3.607 | 3.779 |
| Corresponding rated frequency (HZ) | 50.0 | 51.9 | 53.8 | 56.0 | 58.3 | 60.9 | 63.6 | 66.7 |
| Corresponding rated power (kw) | 11.0 | 11.4 | 11.8 | 12.3 | 12.8 | 13.4 | 14.0 | 14.7 |
| Corresponding rated current (A) | 25.0 | 25.9 | 26.9 | 28.0 | 29.2 | 30.4 | 31.8 | 33.3 |
| Every coil turn (T-N) | 20 | 19 | 18 | 17 | 16 | 15 | 14 | 13 |
| Corresponding winding conducting wire sectional area (mm 2) | 3.968 | 4.174 | 4.408 | 4.668 | 4.950 | 5.290 | 5.668 | 6.104 |
| Corresponding rated frequency (HZ) | 70.0 | 73.3 | 77.8 | 82.4 | 87.5 | 93.3 | 100.0 | 107.7 |
| Corresponding rated power (kw) | 15.4 | 16.2 | 17.1 | 18.1 | 19.3 | 20.5 | 22.0 | 23.7 |
| Corresponding rated current (A) | 35.0 | 36.8 | 38.9 | 41.8 | 43.8 | 46.7 | 50.0 | 53.8 |
| Every coil turn (T-N) | 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | … |
| Corresponding winding conducting wire sectional area | 6.612 | 7.210 | 7.940 | 8.820 | 9.970 | 11.540 | 13.463 | 16.156 | … |
| Corresponding rated frequency (HZ) | 116.7 | 127.3 | 140.0 | 155.6 | 175.0 | 200.0 | 233.3 | 280.0 | … |
| Corresponding rated power (kw) | 25.7 | 28.0 | 30.8 | 31.2 | 38.5 | 44.0 | 51.3 | 61.6 | … |
| Corresponding rated current (A) | 58.3 | 63.6 | 70.0 | 77.8 | 87.5 | 100.0 | 116.7 | 140.0 | … |
| Every coil turn (T+N) | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 |
| Corresponding winding conducting wire sectional area (mm 2) | 2.834 | 2.736 | 2.645 | 2.560 | 2.480 | 2.405 | 2.334 | 2.267 |
| Corresponding rated frequency (HZ) | 50.0 | 48.3 | 46.7 | 45.2 | 43.8 | 42.4 | 41.2 | 40.0 |
| Corresponding rated power (kw) | 11.00 | 10.60 | 10.20 | 9.94 | 9.63 | 9.33 | 9.06 | 8.80 |
| Corresponding rated current (A) | 25.0 | 24.1 | 23.3 | 22.6 | 21.9 | 21.2 | 20.6 | 20.0 |
| Every coil turn (T+N) | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 |
| Corresponding winding conducting wire sectional area (mm 2) | 2.204 | 2.145 | 2.088 | 2.035 | 1.984 | 1.935 | 1.889 | 1.845 |
| Corresponding rated frequency (HZ) | 38.9 | 37.8 | 36.8 | 35.9 | 35.0 | 34.1 | 33.3 | 32.6 |
| Corresponding rated power (kw) | 8.60 | 8.32 | 8.11 | 7.80 | 7.70 | 7.51 | 7.33 | 7.16 |
| Corresponding rated current (A) | 19.4 | 18.9 | 18.4 | 17.9 | 17.5 | 17.1 | 16.70 | 16.3 |
| Every coil turn (T+N) | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 49 | … |
| Corresponding winding conducting wire sectional area (mm 2) | 1.804 | 1.763 | 1.756 | 1.718 | 1.682 | 1.648 | … |
| Corresponding rated frequency (HZ) | 31.8 | 31.0 | 30.4 | 29.8 | 29.2 | 28.6 | … |
| Corresponding rated power (kw) | 7.00 | 6.84 | 6.70 | 6.55 | 6.42 | 6.29 | … |
| Corresponding rated current (A) | 15.9 | 15.6 | 15.2 | 14.9 | 14.6 | 14.3 | … |
The data of tabulation 1 have disclosed:
1. the inversely proportional relation of the number of turn of the rated frequency of numerous " its derivative motors " and the every coil of stator winding;
2. their rated current and rated power and rated frequency are linear direct ratios;
3. their current in wire density when rated power operation separately is identical with former general-purpose machine, also is that their the lead copper loss of stator winding and rotor is identical with former general-purpose machine.
A application points out, numerous " its derivative motors " crowd who obtains by general-purpose machine, and after they are combined into system with the frequency converter of coupling separately, the set of curves of system's output characteristic that just can obtain forming by numerous sets of curves.Each group " flex point " in the set of curves corresponding one by one respectively numerous " its derivative motors " rated frequencies separately.The designer selects a certain sets of curves from set of curves when being a certain load by its characteristic and requirement design frequency changing driving system, be complementary with characteristic and the requirement of load, can design the comparatively system of ideal, economical rationality.
To the method for A application in the parameter of calculating " its derivative motors ", " its derivative motors " quantity that obtains is insufficient, and particularly rated frequency is more sparse greater than " its derivative motors " more than the 120HZ, can't satisfy the requirement to some specific rated frequency motor.For this reason, the applicant's PCT application proposes a kind of method of Equivalent Calculation, thereby enriches and the perfect method that forms " its derivative motors " from general-purpose machine.
Equivalent method in the PCT application is: the stator winding parameter with general-purpose machine (following also be referred to as " prototype machine ") is a benchmark; Press the suitable rule of stator winding lead copper consumption; Obtain the equivalent coefficient S that is associated between " its derivative motors " and the former general-purpose machine; Multiply by the parameter of " prototype machine " accordingly with this equivalence coefficient S again, calculate the parameter of corresponding " its derivative motors ".This equivalent method provides a kind of parameter that can obtain " its derivative motors " to arrange more intensive method, particularly obtains rated frequency and arranges more intensive method greater than the parameter of 120HZ " its derivative motors ".
In equivalent method, equivalent coefficient S is number of turn factor X, the product of connection in series-parallel factor Z and Y-△ conversion factor y, i.e. S=X*Z*y.
Wherein, number of turn factor X is the ratio of the number of turn of each coil in the number of turn and " its derivative motors " stator winding of each coil in " prototype machine " stator winding, and promptly (T ± N) (T is the number of turn of " prototype machine " every coil to X=T/; N is 0; 1,2,3 ... Natural number).Each coil reduces by a circle one by one or increases by a circle one by one in " prototype machine " stator winding, all forms the number of turn of each coil in " its derivative motors " stator winding.
The connection in series-parallel factor Z is under the coil sum of the every phase winding of " its derivative motors " the stator situation constant with respect to the coil sum of the every phase winding of " prototype machine " stator of correspondence, the ratio of the parallel branch number of the parallel branch number of the every phase winding coil of " its derivative motors " stator and the every phase winding coil of said " prototype machine " stator.
When three phase windings of " prototype machine " are that Y connects; Three phase windings of " its derivative motors " also are that Y connects; Y-△ conversion factor y is 1; Connect if three phase windings of " its derivative motors " change △ into, then Y-△ conversion factor y is
; When three phase windings of " prototype machine " are that △ connects; Three phase windings of " its derivative motors " also are that △ connects; Then Y-△ conversion factor y is 1; Connect if three phase windings of " its derivative motors " change Y into, then Y-△ conversion factor y be 1/
.
In the PCT application, be example with Y160L-6 (the 11KW/6 utmost point) general-purpose machine still, the equivalent method has been done bright specifically.Respectively 6 coils in every phase winding have been calculated the parameters of numerous " its derivative motors " with two strings three and with three strings two and two kind of equivalent method.Parameter list referring to the table 2-table 5 in the PCT application.
After the related content that has briefly introduced A application and PCT application, it is following to set forth technical scheme of the present invention:
A, application (in the PCT application) equivalent method can form its " its derivative motors " crowd to any general-purpose machine.No matter three phase windings of " prototype machine " are that the Y type connects, still △ connection, and three phase windings of these " its derivative motors " all are designed to the Y connected mode; And the parallel branch number of the coil of every phase winding should be an even number.
Below, be example still with Y160L-6 (the 11KW/6 utmost point) general-purpose machine, specify.Should " prototype machine " every phase winding be 6 coil series connection (the parallel branch number is 1), each coil be 28 circles, the sectional area of wire 2.834mm of winding
2(also being the sectional area of wire of every coil here), three phase windings are that △ connects, and the rated current of motor is 25A.
Connect 6 coils from parallel connection of coils in " its derivative motors " every phase winding, get connection in series-parallel factor Z=6; Connect the connection of three phase windings of " its derivative motors " by the △ of " prototype machine " and to be designed to Y and to connect, Y-△ conversion factor y=1/
; Number of turn T=28 to each coil in the stator winding of " prototype machine " reduces by a circle seriatim and increases by an ordering all over the ground seriatim again, calculates and tries to achieve each number of turn factor X, calculates each equivalent coefficient S then.Their a succession of result of calculation is referring to table 2.
The X that calculates behind 6 coils from parallel connection of coils in the every phase winding of table 2 and the tabulation of S value
| N | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 |
| X2 | 0.718 | 0.700 | 0.683 | 0.667 | 0.651 | 0.636 | 0.622 | 0.609 | 0.596 | 0.583 |
| S | 2.487 | 2.425 | 2.366 | 2.310 | 2.255 | 2.203 | 2.155 | 2.110 | 2.065 | 2.020 |
| N | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | … |
| X2 | 0.571 | 0.560 | 0.549 | 0.538 | 0.528 | 0.519 | 0.509 | 0.? 0.50 | 0.491 | 0.483 | 0.475 | … |
| S | 1.978 | 1.940 | 1.902 | 1.864 | 1.829 | 1.798 | 1.763 | 1.732 | 1.701 | 1.673 | 1.645 | … |
In the last table, N is 0,1,2 ... Natural number; X1=X=T/ (T-N), X2=X=T/ (T+N), T=28; S=X*Z*y; Z=6, Y=1/
.
Behind the numerical value of the equivalent coefficient S that has obtained table 2, the relevant parameter of " its derivative motors " of y160L-6 (the 11Kw/6 utmost point) general-purpose machine can be tried to achieve one by one, referring to table 3.
Wherein, the sectional area of wire of the sectional area of wire of " its derivative motors " every coil=" prototype machine " every coil multiply by number of turn factor X;
The sectional area of wire of the sectional area of wire of " its derivative motors " every phase winding=" prototype machine " every phase winding multiply by S again divided by y; The rated frequency of the rated frequency of " its derivative motors "=" prototype machine " multiply by equivalent coefficient S; The rated frequency of the rated power of " its derivative motors "=" prototype machine " multiply by equivalent coefficient S; The rated current of the rated current of " its derivative motors "=" prototype machine " multiply by equivalent coefficient S.
" its derivative motors " winding parameter tabulation that gained S is corresponding behind 6 coils from parallel connection of coils of the every phase of table 3
| S | 3.464 | 3.592 | 3.721 | 3.88 | 4.042 | 4.216 | 4.41 | 4.618 |
| P1 | 2.834 | 2.939 | 3.052 | 3.174 | 3.307 | 3.449 | 3.608 | 3.778 |
| P2 | 17.004 | 17.634 | 18.312 | 19.044 | 19.842 | 20.694 | 21.648 | 22.668 |
| P3 | 173.2 | 179.6 | 186.1 | 194.0 | 202.1 | 210.8 | 220.5 | 230.9 |
| P4 | 38.1 | 39.51 | 40.93 | 42.68 | 44.46 | 46.38 | 48.51 | 50.8 |
| P5 | 86.6 | 89.8 | 93.0 | 97.0 | 101.1 | 105.4 | 110.3 | 115.5 |
| S | 4.850 | 5.106 | … |
| P1 | 3.968 | 4.177 | … |
| P2 | 23.808 | 25.062 | … |
| P3 | 242.5 | 255.3 | … |
| P4 | 53.35 | 56.17 | … |
| P5 | 121.3 | 127.7 | … |
| S | 3.346 | 3.232 | 3.128 | 3.031 | 2.937 | 2.854 | 2.771 | 2.695 |
| P1 | 2.738 | 2.644 | 2.560 | 2.480 | 2.403 | 2.335 | 2.267 | 2.205 |
| P2 | 16.428 | 15.864 | 15.360 | 14.880 | 14.418 | 14.010 | 13.602 | 13.230 |
| P3 | 167.3 | 161.6 | 156.4 | 151.6 | 146.9 | 142.7 | 138.6 | 133.0 |
| P4 | 36.81 | 35.55 | 34.41 | 33.34 | 32.31 | 31.39 | 30.48 | 29.65 |
| P5 | 83.7 | 80.8 | 78.2 | 75.8 | 73.4 | 71.4 | 69.3 | 67.4 |
| S | 2.622 | 2.553 | 2.487 | 2.425 | 2.366 | 2.310 | 2.255 | 2.203 |
| P1 | 2.145 | 2.089 | 2.035 | 1.984 | 1.936 | 1.890 | 1.845 | 1.802 |
| P2 | 12.870 | 12.534 | 12.210 | 11.904 | 11.616 | 11.340 | 11.070 | 10.812 |
| P3 | 131.1 | 127.7 | 124.4 | 121.3 | 118.3 | 115.5 | 112.8 | 110.2 |
| P4 | 28.84 | 28.08 | 27.36 | 26.68 | 26.03 | 25.41 | 24.81 | 24.23 |
| P5 | 65.6 | 63.8 | 62.2 | 60.6 | 59.2 | 57.8 | 56.4 | 55.1 |
| S | 2.155 | 2.110 | 2.065 | 2.020 | 1.978 | 1.940 | 1.902 | 1.864 |
| P1 | 1.763 | 1.726 | 1.689 | 1.652 | 1.618 | 1.587 | 1.556 | 1.525 |
| P2 | 10.578 | 10.356 | 10.134 | 9.912 | 9.708 | 9.522 | 9.336 | 9.150 |
| P3 | 107.8 | 105.5 | 103.2 | 101.0 | 98.9 | 97.0 | 95.1 | 93.2 |
| P4 | 23.71 | 23.21 | 22.72 | 22.22 | 21.76 | 21.34 | 20.92 | 20.50 |
| P5 | 53.9 | 52.8 | 51.6 | 50.5 | 49.45 | 48.5 | 47.6 | 46.6 |
| S | 1.829 | 1.798 | 1.763 | 1.732 | 1.701 | 1.673 | 1.645 | … |
| P1 | 1.496 | 1.471 | 1.443 | 1.417 | 1.391 | 1.369 | 1.346 | … |
| P2 | 8.976 | 8.826 | 8.658 | 8.502 | 8.346 | 8.214 | 8.077 | … |
| P3 | 91.5 | 89.9 | 88.2 | 86.6 | 85.1 | 83.75 | 82.3 | … |
| P4 | 20.12 | 19.78 | 19.39 | 19.05 | 18.71 | 18.40 | 18.10 | … |
| P5 | 45.7 | 45.0 | 44.1 | 43.3 | 42.5 | 41.8 | 41.1 | … |
S is an equivalent coefficient in the table, and P1 is the sectional area of wire (mm of " its derivative motors " every coil
2), P2 is " its derivative motors " winding conducting wire sectional area (mm
2), P3 is the rated frequency (HZ) of " its derivative motors ", and P4 is the rated power (KW) of " its derivative motors ", and P5 is the rated current (A) of " its derivative motors ".
The parameter of " its derivative motors " that is obtained by table 3, we just can obtain " its derivative motors " that more than 40 rated frequencies can sort in the frequency range of 80HZ ~ 250HZ.The consumptive material of their overall dimensions when making is identical.Rated voltage is identical, and the current density of the lead when they operate in rated power separately is identical, also is that the copper loss of stator winding is identical with the loss of rotor current in rotor conductor.Their three phase windings are that the Y type connects, and every phase winding is 6 coils from parallel connection of coils, and parallel branch is an even number.
B.When the back panel wiring of these " its derivative motors ", be divided into two groups to the parallel branch of every phase winding, every group coil number equates.Three phase windings become 6 groups, and their lead-out wire is designated as respectively: U
1~ U
2, U
3~ U
4V
1~ V
2, V
3~ V
4W
1~ W
2, W
3~ W
4Shown in accompanying drawing 3.Wherein, they represent 2 groups of first phase, 2 groups and 2 groups of third phase of second phase successively.
Then second group lead-out wire U of first phase, second phase, third phase
4, V
4, W
4Short circuit in machine, all the other 9 lead-out wires cause terminal box, and these 9 lead-out wires are respectively: U
1, V
1, W
1, U
2, V
2, W
2, U
3, V
3, W
3(U
4, V
4, W
4Also can lead to JB short circuit outside machine).Referring to accompanying drawing 3.
C.The mutual switching of double Y connection wire and big Y wiring
9 lead-out wires of " its derivative motors " are made double Y connection wire switch each other, see accompanying drawing 4 with big Y wiring.As contact C
1Closure, contact C
2During disconnection, three phase windings are two Y and tie; As contact C
2Closure, contact C
1During disconnection, three phase windings are the wiring of big Y type.Wherein, contact C
1Respectively: be lead-out wire U
1With lead-out wire U
3The switch contact that connects, lead-out wire V
1With lead-out wire V
3The switch contact that connects, lead-out wire W
1Lead-out wire W
3With the switch contact that connects, lead-out wire U
2With lead-out wire V
2The switch contact that connects, lead-out wire V
2With lead-out wire W
3The switch contact that connects; Contact C
2Be respectively: lead-out wire U
2With lead-out wire U
3The switch contact that connects, lead-out wire V
2With lead-out wire V
3The switch contact that connects, lead-out wire W
2With lead-out wire W
3The switch contact that connects.
According to A application and the pointed principle of PCT application, when two Y and tie, if the rated frequency of " its derivative motors " is f
H, when then switching to big Y type wiring, the number of turn of " its derivative motors " every phase winding has increased by one times equivalently, at this moment " its derivative motors " corresponding rated frequency f
L=1/2f
H
Diverter switch among Fig. 4 can be carried out by electromagnetic contactor, also can be that switch the contact of hand switch formula; When carrying out double Y connection wire and the Y wiring switched mutually greatly, an auxiliary contact signal should be set, be sent to the control circuit of frequency converter simultaneously.
D.The universal frequency converter that selection is complementary is combined into system
Listed " its derivative motors " of table 3 that still forms with above-mentioned Y160L-6 (the 11KW/6 utmost point) is example.After in this numerous " its derivative motors ", having selected a certain motor by the characteristic of load and requirement, the universal frequency converter that needs to select to be complementary is combined into system.So-called be complementary be not only frequency converter rated output capacity will with " its derivative motors " at rated frequency f
HThe time rated power on mate, require can possess in the user application software (when the user uses application parameter must be set) of this universal frequency converter the function of two motor relevant parameters of storage simultaneously.And this this universal frequency converter is also tackled driven motor and is had the speed Tracking function.
Present universal frequency converter has the speed Tracking function of motor mostly.This function can be so that frequency converter when when translator moves, running into electrical network instantaneous power-off or extraneous instantaneous interference, and the maintenance system continues operation.The speed Tracking function of frequency converter can guarantee that double Y connection wire normally carries out with big Y wiring is switched mutually, so, do not possess the row that the frequency converter of this function is not then being selected for use.
After the frequency converter of having selected to be complementary is combined into system, just obtained system performance like accompanying drawing 2.When motor was accepted double Y connection wire and the big mutual switching command of Y wiring, frequency converter also received dependent instruction simultaneously, made the relevant parameter that is stored in two motors in the frequency converter to obtain switching simultaneously.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the system performance of general-purpose machine.Wherein, a is the torque-frequency characteristic of system, and b is the power-frequency characteristic of system.
Fig. 2 is the system performance of designed motor of the present invention.Wherein, a is the torque-frequency characteristic of system, and b is the power-frequency characteristic of system.
Fig. 3 is three phase winding back panel wiring sketch mapes of the present invention.Wherein, a is divided into 2 groups winding diagram for 6 coils of every phase winding of its derivative motors of being tried to achieve by prototype machine, and b be all pairs rated power three-phase motor stator winding back panel wiring sketch mapes.
Fig. 4 switches sketch map each other for the big Y/2Y of designed motor of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is contact C among Fig. 4
1, C
2The wiring diagram.
Embodiment
Below with the test data of an experimental prototype, and the field that possibly be employed is example, describes practical function of the present invention.
A.One " prototype machine " is the general-purpose machine of Y100L-6 (the 1.5Kw/6 utmost point), its rated voltage 380V, and rated current 4A, the efficient during rated power is 76%.Designed and produced its " its derivative motors " by the equivalent method of PCT application, rated frequency is 179HZ, rated voltage 380V, rated current 14.4A.Motor test chamber in certain university is tested.The data that actual motion detects show: when it operates in 175HZ ~ 190HZ frequency band, when power output was 5.5Kw, its efficient reached more than 0.89.This efficient is that the boundary is in the efficiency value of GB18613-2006 about 5.5Kw/2 utmost point motor 2 grades of efficiency classification standards value (0.88) and 1 grade of efficiency standard value (0.90).So this model machine is a platform high energy efficiency motor.
Under essentially identical condition on the consumptive material of making motor; The efficient of " its derivative motors ", particularly rated frequency are greater than the efficient of " its derivative motors " more than the 120HZ, and the rated frequency of comparing is 50HZ " prototype machine "; Why efficient can improve greatly, analyzes as follows:
Real component in the exciting current of " its derivative motors ", along with the rising of frequency, the iron loss of motor can increase, and iron loss is a positive increment.Copper loss and iron loss are the two big principal elements that influence electric efficiency.The copper loss of motor comprises the loss that the induced current of copper loss that three-phase current produces and rotor produces in rotor cage modle conductor in stator winding.As previously mentioned, the copper loss of " its derivative motors " and " prototype machine " are identical when rated power separately.When they and separately rated power removed to calculate the shared percentage of copper loss, percentage had descended many.That is to say that the decline of percentage at this moment is equivalent to the negative increment of motor active loss.And this negative increment is more many greatly on absolute value than the positive increment of iron loss.Be the copper loss increment | △ copper cost|＞＞the iron loss increment | △ iron cost|.Both combine, and the increment of active loss is a negative value.The negative value increment has promoted efficiency of motor exactly, and the big more electric efficiency of negative value is then high more.Here it is, and this model machine becomes the reason of high energy efficiency motor.
Equally, as the rated frequency f of two rated frequency three phase electric machines
HSelection is than 50Hz (or 60Hz), exceeds one times or when higher, also can significantly promote their efficient.
B. existing electric automobile main drive motor all is single rated frequencyThe automobile master drives such load, and its characteristic is strict with requirement.
At first, its speed adjustable range requires more wide in range.When traffic congestion, its speed is very low, and the speed that has gone up when highway maybe need be overtaken other vehicles is very high.This just needs the master to drive motor has nearly twentyfold speed adjustable range.Ten times of the general deficiencies of effective speed adjustable range of single rated frequency motor.High speed and low speed differ 20 times, are difficult to both and take into account.Even reached twentyfold speed governing reluctantly, its riding quality also can be poor.
Two rated frequency motors of present techniques method, its permanent torque speed expanded range one times.If in two rated frequencies, effective speed adjustable range of each rated frequency also is that then both lump together about ten times; Effectively speed adjustable range is exactly nearly 20 times, just can satisfy the main requirement that drives the high low speed of load preferably.
Secondly, the randomness of speed is very big during vehicle '.No matter be the driving at moderate speed of urban district, still, the generation of unexpected deceleration and braking arranged at any time in the fast running on spacious road surface.Concerning the main drive motor of electric automobile, the mutual variation of motoring condition and generating state all can occur at any time.The generating state of motor is the process that is converted into the inertia kinetic energy of vehicle electric energy, and the size that transforms energy is exactly the size to the braking force of inertia kinetic energy.
In the system under a closed-loop control of motor speed measuring being fed back by rotary encoder, the size of stopping power is to realize through the control to speed discrepancy △ n during the electric power generation state.Speed discrepancy △ n is the synchronous speed n of general-purpose machine.Actual speed n with motor
2Poor, i.e. △ n=n
0-n
2△ n＞0, motor are motoring condition; △ n＜0, motor are generating state.△ n negative value is big more, and then braking force is strong more.
System by two rated frequency motors are formed can control speed discrepancy △ n in two zones of high speed and low speed respectively.This undoubtedly can be more even more ideal to the control of speed discrepancy △ n than the system that single volume frequency is formed.
So the main drive system that the inventive method is applied to electric automobile can be a good selection.
C.Be designed to be used for fully the application of generating state in system
Such design, it is a power supply in the entire equipment that system just becomes.Motor shaft is under the drive of external force (like explosive motor), and system is converted into the electricity consumption position power supply of electric energy in equipment to the kinetic energy of external force continuously.System is under speed closed loop control, and to the control of speed discrepancy △ n, just ability realization system transforms the size of electric flux.If when battery charge expires, also can realize the critical operation of △ n=0, at this moment n
0=n
2, the system halt electric energy transforms.
If drive the external force of motor shaft, its rotating speed height is very big, has more than ten times, under the situation of more than 20 times variation, still requires system stably to supply power, and the application's technical method should be one of alternative plan.
D.People have used variable-frequency driving technique in the automobile that taps a new source of energy in the recent period.In the system, the selection of motor except universal asynchronous machine, also there are three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor and three-phase reluctance-synchronous machine.
The main discrepancy of this two motor and asynchronous machine is: inequality on the structure of rotor and the operation principle.Their rotor structure is a permanent magnetic material, does not produce induced current during work in the rotor, thereby does not have induced current and consequent rotor loss as producing in the asynchronous machine rotor.So their efficient is higher, their power density is also high than asynchronous machine simultaneously.But, behind frequency converter input three-phase current, on the operation principle that produces rotating magnetic field between the air gap of stator and rotor, see that this two motor but is identical with asynchronous machine from the structure of three-phase stator winding and three phase windings.
So the present invention also is suitable on stator winding three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor and three-phase reluctance-synchronous machine fully.Be that the present invention not only can be used for threephase asynchronous machine; Simultaneously also can be used for three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor and three-phase reluctance-synchronous machine, design and manufacture three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor and the three-phase reluctance-synchronous machine of pair rated frequencies and the frequency changing driving system that is combined into thus.
Claims (1)
1. two rated frequency three phase electric machine methods for designing that are applicable to frequency conversion drive is characterized in that concrete steps are:
A,Use equivalent method, to its " its derivative motors " crowd of any general-purpose machine formation, and three phase windings of these " its derivative motors " all are designed to the Y connected mode; The parallel branch number of the coil of every phase winding is an even number;
B.These " its derivative motors " are carried out following back panel wiring:
Be divided into two groups to the parallel branch of every phase winding, every group coil number equates that three phase windings become 6 groups, and their lead-out wire is designated as respectively: U
1～U
2, U
3～U
4V
1～V
2, V
3～V
4W
1～W
2, W
3～W
4, they represent 2 groups of first phase, 2 groups and 2 groups of third phase of second phase successively;
Then the lead-out wire U in first phase, second phase, third phase second group
4, V
4, W
4Short circuit in machine perhaps leads to JB short circuit outside machine; All the other 9 lead-out wires cause terminal box, and these 9 lead-out wires are respectively: U
1, V
1, W
1, U
2, V
2, W
2, U
3, V
3, W
3
C.The mutual switching of double Y connection wire and big Y wiring
9 lead-out wires of " its derivative motors " are made double Y connection wire switch each other, as contact C with big Y wiring
1Closure, contact C
2During disconnection, three phase windings are two Y and tie; As contact C
2Closure, contact C
1During disconnection, three phase windings are the wiring of big Y type; Wherein, contact C
1Respectively: be lead-out wire U
1With lead-out wire U
3The switch contact that connects, lead-out wire V
1With lead-out wire V
3The switch contact that connects, lead-out wire W
1With lead-out wire W
3The switch contact that connects, lead-out wire U
2With lead-out wire V
2The switch contact that connects, lead-out wire V
2With lead-out wire W
2The switch contact that connects; Contact C
2Be respectively: lead-out wire U
2With lead-out wire U
3The switch contact that connects, lead-out wire V
2With lead-out wire V
3The switch contact that connects, lead-out wire W
2With lead-out wire W
3The switch contact that connects;
D.The universal frequency converter that selection is complementary is combined into system
So-called the be complementary rated output capacity that is meant frequency converter and " its derivative motors " are at rated frequency f
HThe time rated power on mate, possess in the user application software of this universal frequency converter simultaneously the storage two motor relevant parameters function; This universal frequency converter is also tackled driven motor and is had the speed Tracking function;
Use equivalent method described in the step; Any general-purpose machine is formed its " its derivative motors " crowd; Specific practice is: the stator winding parameter of also claiming " prototype machine " with general-purpose machine is a benchmark, presses the suitable rule of stator winding lead copper consumption, obtains the equivalent coefficient S that is associated between " its derivative motors " and the former general-purpose machine; Multiply by the parameter of " prototype machine " accordingly with this equivalence coefficient S again, calculate the parameter of corresponding " its derivative motors ";
Wherein, equivalent coefficient S is number of turn factor X, the product of connection in series-parallel factor Z and Y-△ conversion factor y, i.e. S=X*Z*y;
Number of turn factor X is the ratio of the number of turn of each coil in the number of turn and " its derivative motors " stator winding of each coil in " prototype machine " stator winding, and promptly (T ± N), T is the number of turn of " prototype machine " every coil to X=T/, and N is 0,1,2,3 ... Natural number; The connection in series-parallel factor Z is under the coil sum of the every phase winding of " its derivative motors " the stator situation constant with respect to the coil sum of the every phase winding of " prototype machine " stator of correspondence, the ratio of the parallel branch number of the parallel branch number of the every phase winding coil of " its derivative motors " stator and the every phase winding coil of said " prototype machine " stator;
When three phase windings of " prototype machine " are that Y connects; Three phase windings of " its derivative motors " also are that Y connects; Y-△ conversion factor y is 1; Connect if three phase windings of " its derivative motors " change △ into, then Y-△ conversion factor y is
; When three phase windings of " prototype machine " are that △ connects; Three phase windings of " its derivative motors " also are that △ connects; Then Y-△ conversion factor y is 1; Connect if three phase windings of " its derivative motors " change Y into, then Y-△ conversion factor y be 1/
.
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| CN2010105213468A CN101982924B (en) | 2010-10-27 | 2010-10-27 | Design method for variable-frequency driven double-rated frequency three-phase motor |
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| CN101982924B true CN101982924B (en) | 2012-07-25 |
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| CN104578606A (en) * | 2015-01-26 | 2015-04-29 | 聊城职业技术学院 | Switch reluctance motor capable of adjusting rated speed |
| CN105958765B (en) * | 2016-05-28 | 2018-03-30 | 中车永济电机有限公司 | A kind of adjustable parallel branch number AC asynchronous motor for adapting to twin voltage standard |
| CN106647353B (en) * | 2016-11-04 | 2018-11-30 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Control method of frequency conversion equipment and frequency conversion controller |
| CN107565842B (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2020-03-17 | 安徽大学 | Control method of high-efficiency redundant parallel pure electric vehicle frequency converter |
| CN109600093B (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2022-06-14 | 杭州三花研究院有限公司 | Control system and control method |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1062815A (en) * | 1991-12-27 | 1992-07-15 | 李宜唐 | Alternating current asynchronous cage change-speed motor |
| CN1945964A (en) * | 2005-10-08 | 2007-04-11 | 王有元 | Square-wave permanent magnet multiple frequency speed regulating synchronous cage motor |
| CN101075757A (en) * | 2007-04-12 | 2007-11-21 | 徐志瑶 | Method for designing stator winding to transform universal electric motor by request of load characteristics |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2010020064A1 (en) * | 2008-08-18 | 2010-02-25 | Xu Zhiyao | A method for producing a “derived motor” based on an “original motor” |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1062815A (en) * | 1991-12-27 | 1992-07-15 | 李宜唐 | Alternating current asynchronous cage change-speed motor |
| CN1945964A (en) * | 2005-10-08 | 2007-04-11 | 王有元 | Square-wave permanent magnet multiple frequency speed regulating synchronous cage motor |
| CN101075757A (en) * | 2007-04-12 | 2007-11-21 | 徐志瑶 | Method for designing stator winding to transform universal electric motor by request of load characteristics |
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