CN101976853A - Wind power hydrogen production regulation, control and grid-connection system - Google Patents

Wind power hydrogen production regulation, control and grid-connection system Download PDF

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CN101976853A
CN101976853A CN2010105381497A CN201010538149A CN101976853A CN 101976853 A CN101976853 A CN 101976853A CN 2010105381497 A CN2010105381497 A CN 2010105381497A CN 201010538149 A CN201010538149 A CN 201010538149A CN 101976853 A CN101976853 A CN 101976853A
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hydrogen
wind
oxygen
generator
electrode
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张建洲
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/76Power conversion electric or electronic aspects

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  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a wind power hydrogen production regulation, control and grid-connection system which comprises a wind power generation device, a hydrogen generator, a hydrogen storage device and a hydrogen energy generation device, wherein the electric energy output end of the wind power generation device is directly or indirectly connected with the hydrogen generator; the hydrogen output end of the hydrogen generator is connected with the hydrogen storage device; the hydrogen storage device is connected with the hydrogen energy generation device; and the hydrogen energy generation device is used for consuming hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device for generating electricity output to a power supply network. The system utilizes a storage technology of hydrogen energy and can be used for effectively solving the problem of wind power generation and grid-connection, particularly the problem of large wind power generation and grid-connection.

Description

A kind of wind-powered electricity generation hydrogen manufacturing regulation and control grid-connected system
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of wind power generation, particularly relate to and to regulate and control the electric weight and the power of wind power generation output, and the memory technology of utilizing hydrogen energy source solves wind power-generating grid-connected, particularly solves the be incorporated into the power networks wind-powered electricity generation hydrogen manufacturing regulation and control grid-connected system of problem of large-scale wind generating.
Background technology
At present, being incorporated into the power networks of wind-driven generator electric energy, the particularly difficult problem of the electricity generation grid-connecting of large-scale wind generating factory await to solve.
Be example at first with one 1000 kilowatts wind turbine generator, traditional pattern of being incorporated into the power networks is that wind-driven generator must add high-precision electric energy control system (the electronic-controlled equipment of multikilowatt capacity), wind-powered electricity generation need be adjusted to the voltage consistent, frequency, waveform, phase sequence with electrical network, also to adjust meritorious and reactive power, reach the most basic demand that is incorporated into the power networks of electrical network, and want output current basicly stable, can be connected to the grid, these all rely on powerful electronic-controlled equipment to realize, price is high, as easy as rolling off a log again damage.This part accounts for 50% of whole unit cost, the high-power electronic device market price of 1000 kilowatts of present units the chances are 800 to 1,000 ten thousand yuan/platform.The cost of whole wind group of motors is risen significantly, and the fault point increases tens times, the less stable of these high-power electronic devices is damaged especially easily, and the maintenance after the damage, replacement cost are high always.
Particularly utilize the efficient aspect of wind energy that too big difference is arranged especially; the pattern that is incorporated into the power networks is not enough at the electric energy of wind speed hour generation; can not be incorporated into the power networks; the wind speed unit that generates electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems when too big (is exactly to get rid of load in the time of extremely lacking because safety problem can be carried out " automatically protection "; the protection generating set can not damage) break away from electrical network suddenly, this is to the harm maximum of electrical network.The electric energy of huge capacity breaks away from electrical network suddenly, can cause the decline significantly of line voltage, influences the steady of whole electrical network.Even in the spendable wind speed excursion of wind-driven generator (3-20 meter per second), most wind-driven generator only can use about 40% (8-14 meter per seconds) of total effective wind speed total amount, this also is that why the Large-scale Wind Turbines cost is so huge, structure is so complicated, service behaviour unsettled reason like this place, add the utilance of effective wind speed low, so cause the cost of every degree electricity very high, and very difficult online is incorporated into the power networks.
In addition, wind power generation is subjected to the influence of the various uncontrollable factors of nature, and is very unstable, and the safe power supply of electrical network is caused greater impact, is that the energy output of fundamental power supply system is subjected to severe short-term and seasonal variety restriction with the wind power generation.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of wind-powered electricity generation hydrogen manufacturing regulation and control grid-connected system that can effectively solve wind power-generating grid-connected problem.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of wind-powered electricity generation hydrogen manufacturing regulation and control grid-connected system, comprise wind power generation plant, hydrogen generator, hydrogen memory and hydrogen power generation device, the electric energy output end of described wind power generation plant directly or indirectly links to each other with hydrogen generator, the hydrogen output of described hydrogen generator links to each other with described hydrogen reservoir, described hydrogen reservoir links to each other with the hydrogen power generation device, consumes hydrogen in the hydrogen reservoir by the hydrogen power generation device and generates electricity and export supply network to.
Preferably, the output of described wind power generation plant becomes direct current by rectifier with the AC rectification that it sends, and is connected with hydrogen generator then.
Preferably, further comprise battery pack, described battery pack is connected on circuit with hydrogen generator, when the electric power that sends when described wind power generation plant is lower than described hydrogen generator required electric power, continues to produce hydrogen and oxygen by described battery pack to the hydrogen generator power supply.
Preferably, the quantity of described hydrogen generator is a plurality of, is in parallel on circuit, and it participates in the quantity of hydrogen manufacturing and the energy output of described wind power generation plant is complementary; When wind-force surpasses the scope of wind power generation plant permission, the next or a plurality of hydrogen generators of coupling immediately, thus reduce electric current and electrical power apace, reduce the rotating speed of wind-driven generator.
Preferably, described hydrogen power generation device is specially hydrogen fuel cell or hydrogen internal combustion engine generator.
Preferably, the hydrogen that described hydrogen generator produces is transported to the short of electricity water-deficient area by the long distance of Hydrogen Line, and links to each other with hydrogen fuel cell or hydrogen internal combustion engine, produces clean water in generating.
Preferably, described hydrogen generator comprises the hydrogen fuel tank body, described hydrogen fuel tank body can carry out fuel fluid and electrode reaction produces hydrogen and oxygen, its tank body is a double-decker, two wall spaces between the inner and outer wall are full of heat sink material, described inwall or outer wall are provided with heat radiation wall fin, and tank base one side is provided with heat sink material and imports and exports, and the tank body below is provided with radiator fan; Two electrodes are arranged in the described tank body, are respectively hydrogen electrode and oxygen electrode; Described two electrodes connect hydrogen collecting apparatus and oxygen gatherer respectively, have hydrogen and oxygen-permeable membrane respectively in two gatherers, and the hydrogen and the oxygen of two gatherer collections can be delivered to hydrogen memory and oxygen memory respectively.
Preferably, the hydrogen electrode in the described tank body is connected with the axis of the piston with oxygen electrode, and described the axis of the piston is connected to the piston of cylinder, and described piston is by the drive unit actuator driven, drives described hydrogen electrode and oxygen electrode moves up and down by described piston; When hydrogen electrode and oxygen electrode when fuel fluid moves, produce the hydrogen rate and increase, when hydrogen electrode and oxygen electrode move away from fuel fluid, produce the hydrogen rate and reduce.
Preferably, described hydrogen generator comprises the hydrogen fuel tank body, described hydrogen fuel tank body can carry out fuel fluid and electrode reaction produces hydrogen and oxygen, its tank body is a double-decker, two wall spaces between the inner and outer wall are full of heat sink material, described inwall or outer wall are provided with heat radiation wall fin, and tank base one side is provided with heat sink material and imports and exports, and the tank body below is provided with radiator fan; The hydrogen that described hydrogen production system produces is delivered to the separation chamber by pipeline, after output channel enters hydrogen container or hydrogen depletion load, oxygen stores up oxygen tank or oxygen expenditure load by permeable membrane after output channel enters to hydrogen in the separation chamber by permeable membrane.
Preferably, described catalyst case is connected with the axis of the piston, described the axis of the piston is by the drive unit actuator driven, described the axis of the piston drives described catalyst case rotation and can move up and down, described catalyst case is for falling the reticulate body of funnel type, when catalyst case when fuel fluid moves, or catalyst case is when moving away from fuel fluid, the productivity ratio of hydrogen and oxygen is linear increase or minimizing, thereby makes the output of hydrogen and oxygen even as far as possible.
Wind-powered electricity generation hydrogen manufacturing regulation and control grid-connected system of the present invention is at the output of wind-driven generator, by rectifier the AC rectification that wind-driven generator sends is become direct current, be connected with the hydrogen electrolytic cell assembly then, not only can come electrolysis production hydrogen according to the size of the electrical power of wind power generation, but also can improve the output of producing hydrogen and reduce product hydrogen cost, electric weight and power to the output of wind power generation are regulated and control, the memory technology of hydrogen energy source can be accumulated in the energy that produces during the low demand, utilize its energy in the time of can guaranteeing high demand, also can make full use of intermittent energy needs, can effectively solve wind power-generating grid-connected, the problem that is incorporated into the power networks of large-scale wind generating particularly; The automatic regulating system of hydrogen electrolytic cell assembly connection simultaneously can instead send the reaction of regulation and control wind-driven generator to wind speed, reduces the influence of wind speed variation to wind-driven generator, increases the used wind speed excursion of wind-driven generator, the efficient of raising wind-driven generator.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of embodiment of wind-powered electricity generation hydrogen manufacturing regulation and control grid-connected system provided by the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the another kind of embodiment of wind-powered electricity generation hydrogen manufacturing regulation and control grid-connected system provided by the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the long-range conveying of wind-powered electricity generation hydrogen manufacturing regulation and control grid-connected system provided by the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a kind of structural representation of hydrogen generator;
Fig. 5 is the another kind of structural representation of hydrogen generator.
Among Fig. 4:
200. hydrogen generator 201. tank bodies 202. inwalls 203. outer walls 204. radiating fins 205. highly heat-conductive materials 206. fans 207. water outlet water inlets 208. hydrogen electrodes 209. oxygen electrodes 210. hydrogen collecting apparatus 212. oxygen gatherers 214. the axis of the pistons 216. actuate actuators
Among Fig. 5:
300. hydrogen generator 301. tank bodies 302. inwalls 303. outer walls 304. radiating fins 305. highly heat-conductive materials 306. fans 307. water outlet water inlets 308. pipelines 312. separation chambers 316. the axis of the pistons, 318. actuate actuators, 311. catalyst cases
Embodiment
In order to make those skilled in the art person understand the present invention program better, the present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Applicant of the present invention had once submitted to name to be called the application for a patent for invention of " integrated system of current, sea wave as well as tide kinetic energy and wind energy solar power " and " comprehensive application system of a kind of generating electricity by natural energy and electrolytic seawater or bitter " to State Intellectual Property Office respectively on 09 09th, 2009 and on 07 28th, 2010, and its publication number is CN101649813 and CN101010240101.Patent has been announced the technology of utilizing generating electricity by natural energy and electrolytic seawater or bitter to produce hydrogen and oxygen.
Hydrogen as energy source can store for a long time, can carry by pipe long-distance, can directly be used for generating electricity on a large scale, more can offer the transport facility use that automobile, train, aircraft, steamer etc. move, hydrogen as energy source can directly offer fuel cell also can directly offer hydrogen internal combustion engine burning generation power, its product is a water, environment is not polluted, and replacing at present with hydrogen, used fuel is unique method that had not both had greenhouse effect, also do not had pollutant to threaten.
Hydrogen as energy source also can directly offer the power plant generating, can also can directly generate electricity a large amount of the being connected to the grid when electric power of generation needs on the electrical network peak in the gas turbine internal combustion by large-scale fuel cell power generation.These two kinds of electric energy all are high-quality especially steadily adjustable controlled electric currents, all are the high-quality electric energy that electrical network is extremely welcome.This high-quality electric energy also can play very big effect to electrical network stable.
China is hydrogen energy source big country, but most hydrogen is by coal combustion hydrogen manufacturing, and this hydrogen energy source has produced carbon dioxide because consumed coal, is not clean energy resource.If utilize the electric power hydrogen manufacturing and the compressed hydrogen of coal-burning power plant, hydrogen neither clean energy resource (do not have tail gas, but consumed electric power, promptly consumed coal) so.Even if, neither clean with the electric power hydrogen manufacturing of natural gas gas power plant.If utilize solar energy, water energy, wind power generation hydrogen manufacturing, then be the carbon-free energy of real cleaning, consequent economy is only real carbon-free economy.
Please refer to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of embodiment of wind-powered electricity generation hydrogen manufacturing regulation and control grid-connected system provided by the present invention; Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the another kind of embodiment of wind-powered electricity generation hydrogen manufacturing regulation and control grid-connected system provided by the present invention; The difference of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 is that the hydrogen energy source of Fig. 1 directly enters hydrogen fuel cell and generates electricity, and Fig. 2 is that hydrogen energy source directly enters the hydrogen internal combustion engine combustion power generation and is connected to the grid.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, wind-powered electricity generation hydrogen manufacturing regulation and control grid-connected system of the present invention is only need carry out the simplest transformation, rectification processing (adopting prior art to realize) by the wind-powered electricity generation that wind-driven generator sends, voltage is adjusted to required voltage by transformer, and AC rectification is a direct current; Use this direct current to water in the hydrogen manufacturing electrolysis tank or fuel liquid (liquid that contains metal hydride), carry out electrolysis and produce hydrogen and oxygen, wherein oxygen can medically also can use in industry; Hydrogen storage and directly offers fuel cell in the Hydrogen Energy memory, produce electric energy again; Or the hydrogen that is stored in the Hydrogen Energy memory directly offers hydrogen internal combustion engine, and combustion power generation produces electric energy again.The combustion heat of hydrogen is 28900 kcal/kg, approximately is three times of gasoline combustion heat, no matter be from the fuel cell electricity, or hydrogen internal combustion engine burning electricity all is the electric energy that meets the electrical network requirement.
Current transformer among Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 is meant voltage stabilization and current stabilization and AC adapter.Battery pack among Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 is meant that a series of batteries are the direct currents that are used for regulating in the stable DC circuit; And partial buffer, the heavy current that damping and absorption are sent by wind-driven generator.
If the catalyst and the electrode that adopt new cobalt and phosphatic ratio to be about 1: 2 can produce hydrogen in large quantities, reduce the electrolysis electric energy that uses simultaneously, be lower than below half of traditional electrode.Brine electrolysis of the present invention produces one cubic metre of needed electric energy of hydrogen and is lower than twice, and the employed electric energy of conventional method is five degree.And this cobalt phosphate catalyst is to make from the abundant mineral products of the earth, significantly reduces than the palladium and platinum (platinum) the catalyst price of conventional method.
The present invention has designed battery pack in the direct current circuit, can when the space wind speed (wind speed is lower than 2.7 meter per seconds) the hydrogen electrolysis tank be produced oxygen and hydrogen, and when wind-powered electricity generation generating production capacity was low, the output of hydrogen flowing quantity also decreased.
Wind-powered electricity generation hydrogen manufacturing of the present invention regulation and control grid-connected system has very big difference utilizing aspect the efficient of wind energy with traditional wind-driven generator, and the pattern that is incorporated into the power networks of traditional wind is not enough at the electric energy that wind speed hour produces, and can not be incorporated into the power networks.The present invention is when wind-powered electricity generation generating production capacity is low, and the output of hydrogen flowing quantity is also low, and is used for the batteries of adding in addition, still has the hydrogen output, can realize that still cumulative large-scale Hydrogen Energy stores, and flows into hydrogen output compressor reducer.(be exactly to get rid of load in the extremely short time, the protection generating set can not damage) broke away from electrical network suddenly to the unit that generates electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems of traditional wind because safety problem can be carried out " protection automatically " when wind speed was too big, and this is to the harm maximum of electrical network.The electric energy of huge capacity breaks away from electrical network suddenly, can cause the decline significantly of line voltage, influences the steady of whole electrical network.And wind-powered electricity generation hydrogen manufacturing regulation and control grid-connected system is different with it, do not need expensive high-precision electronics, electric energy adjusting device, the wind speed of sample whatsoever, as long as generator for electricity generation just can be utilized, the amount of hydrogen of the little electric weight of wind hour electrolysis is less, the hydrogen that produces when the big electric weight of wind is big is just many, and most of electric energy can be converted into hydrogen in whole power generating and hydrogen producing process.And this wind-powered electricity generation hydrogen manufacturing regulation and control grid-connected system can come auto-control electrolysis production hydrogen according to the size of electrical power, and the output of hydrogen and the generation cost of reduction hydrogen producing are produced in raising simultaneously, the one part of current that wind-driven generator is produced when high wind speed can also be stored in the batteries.
" power damper " (also can be electric governor) that wind-powered electricity generation hydrogen manufacturing regulation and control grid-connected system of the present invention virtually completely plays wind-driven generator, at any time in " generating " (power output) of oppositely adjusting wind-driven generator, these electric energy power can strengthen the quantity of hydrogen producing automatically when wind speed became big, can " generating of Jian Shaoing at any time " when wind speed diminishes, reduce the quantity of hydrogen producing.For the Wind Power Utilization aspect; very special place is exactly " the generating output of wind-driven generator is the relation of 3 powers with the ratio of wind speed "; be that wind speed increases and is twice; power output increases octuple; this also is the reason why wind-driven generator needs fast discharging to protect when wind speed is big especially; because the amplitude of variation of power is too big; speed is too fast again; if can not be in the extremely short time " unloading "; the wind energy energy of super large is certain to damage unit; the hydrogen manufacturing mode just in time can promptly significantly be adjusted power fast; even when big electric energy is provided in the wind-driven generator generation; a plurality of hydrogen manufacturing electrolysis tanks in parallel simultaneously, the use of one or more hydrogen manufacturing electrolysis tanks and batteries is all within protection scope of the present invention.
Wind-powered electricity generation hydrogen manufacturing of the present invention regulation and control grid-connected system can provide the spendable wind speed excursion of wind-driven generator (3-20 meter per second) greatly, and native system can during up to 25 meter per seconds, still not go wrong at wind speed at present.If add a plurality of hydrogen manufacturing electrolysis tanks in parallel, might reach 30 meter per seconds.So not only improve the generating capacity and the efficient of traditional wind-driven generator widely, also reduced the manufacturing cost and the maintenance cost of traditional wind-driven generator widely.
Present most solar energy and wind energy storage means are the storages of low energy densities, can not play any effect to large-scale wind energy and solar energy project.This comprises that the highest energy density of battery only is 3.0 megajoule/kilograms.On the contrary, the energy density of fuel cell is that 10 quadratic power of cell density is doubly big, and hydrogen energy source (hydrogen) is doubly bigger to 10 cube greatly especially than battery storage capacity.In fact, we can understand intuitively that it is to store with the fuel form that all extensive energy stores.These all are carbon-based fuels, as oil, and natural gas and coal.And the present invention is carbon-free property, and is continuable, is easy to expansion, the hydrogen energy source method that cheap again energy fuel is stored.Fundamentally break away from original carbon energy mode, enter into the hydrogen energy source pattern.Therefore utilize hydrogen energy source (hydrogen) to store large-scale wind generating and solar power generation, also drop within protection scope of the present invention as the energy storage system.
Please refer to Fig. 3, Fig. 3 has shown the structured flowchart of the long-range conveying grid-connected system of wind-powered electricity generation hydrogen manufacturing.
The long-range conveying grid-connected system of this wind-powered electricity generation hydrogen manufacturing be hydrogen that hydrogen generator is produced by hydrogen delivery tube road or other method be transported to lack electricity and or lack the area at water source, by the reaction of hydrogen and air, produce highly stable electric energy and pure water.The electric energy that this system sends can be surfed the Net or directly apply to fully in the local power load.This method can be carried the hydrogen that is produced with pipeline or other vehicles, be similar to natural gas transport, can lead to the city, the small town, rural area or island etc. need electricity consumption or need the place of water, be the water that raw material produces electric energy and cleaning by the fuel hydrogen battery with hydrogen and air then, hydrogen is converted into electric energy again, the water of cleaning is for drinking.
Applicant of the present invention has submitted to name to be called in the application for a patent for invention of " comprehensive application system of a kind of generating electricity by natural energy and electrolytic seawater or bitter " on 07 28th, 2010 to State Intellectual Property Office, the hydrogen electricity coaxial cable of announcing (CN101010240101) can be carried Hydrogen Energy at a distance.The part delivering liquid hydrogen of cable center, utilize the extremely low temperature of liquified hydrogen to keep outer layer metal to be in superconducting state simultaneously and come transmission of electric energy, because there is not resistance (resistance is very low), electric current is not by just generating heat, transmission of electric energy has significantly reduced the loss of transmitting electricity on a large scale.Because liquified hydrogen in light weight, at the center of cable, volatilization is also few, and the loss long-distance pipe that helps reducing liquified hydrogen again carries hydrogen most effective.The drinking water and the electric energy of desalination can be passed through to carry hydrogen, be transported to the west area of outlying lack of water.
Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 have shown the memory device of hydrogen energy source, and the storage of hydrogen almost is a no consumption and can longer-term storage, does not also have the restriction of capacity, can infinitely increase the quantity of hydrogen gas storage jar.There has been the hydrogen container of various models and size available in the market.Wind power generation, the particularly large-scale wind generating project online of can only being incorporated into the power networks at present, also without any storing the method that wind-driven generator generated electricity, the best storage means that the present invention is just providing wind-driven generator and generated electricity.
Please refer to Fig. 4, Fig. 4 is a kind of structural representation of hydrogen generator.
It shown in the figure hydrogen generator 200 with self-regulating function.This hydrogen generator 200 comprises a single hydrogen fuel tank body 201, this hydrogen fuel tank body 201 can carry out fuel fluid and electrode reaction produces hydrogen and oxygen, fuel fluid can be a water, also can be non-pure water, seawater, also can be to add the metal hydride fuel liquid, use for some, also comprise stabilizer, as NaOH.Because the generation of hydrogen is an exothermic reaction, for the hydrogen generator of high yield, its tank body 201 preferred design become double-decker, have inwall 202 and outer wall 203, two wall spaces between inwall 202 and outer wall 203 can be full of highly heat-conductive material 205, for example water.It can be the system radiating service, also can make full use of the heat energy that hydrogen generator produces.This hot transfer can further realize by the diversification radiating fin 204 that adds fuel tank, radiating fin 204 can be located on inwall 202 and the outer wall 203, heat radiation wall fin 204 stretches out from outer wall 203, fan 206 is to be used for reducing temperature, when fuel fluid reduces when reaching predefined temperature, fan 206 will automatic shutter, and tank base one side is provided with water outlet water inlet 207, can make cold water flow into hot water and flow out, carry out the heat energy that heat exchange can also make full use of this hydrogen production bioreactor.
Fuel fluid in the above-mentioned hydrogen fuel tank body 201 comprises one or more composition metals with hydrogen, and general chemical formula is MBH 4.M is that an alkali metal is selected from the periodic table of elements of first group of (the former 1A of group) bar, comprising as lithium, sodium, potassium or in some cases M also can be ammonium or organism.B is from organizing the selected element of 13 periodic table of elements (preceding group) IIIA portion, and example wherein comprises boron, and aluminium plus gallium, H are protiums.
What the present invention used is complicated metal hydride sodium borohydride (NaBH4).Use the composition of sodium borohydride thing as hydrogen energy fuel, some application is very desirable especially.The hydrogen that uses sodium borohydride to produce is carbon-free impurity of typical high-purity and high humility.The chemical hydrogen that any chemical hydride hydrolysis is produced will have similar feature.Be not detected CO (carbon monoxide converter) gas during sodium borohydride production Hydrogen Energy.This is noticeable, because most of fuel cell, especially Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells and alkaline fuel cell need high-quality hydrogen and carbon monoxide will make catalyst poisoning, destroys fuel cell the most at last.Hydrocarbon is reformed and is produced the method for hydrogen, contains carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide needs further to handle, then with carbon monoxide removal.
As shown in the figure, two electrodes being arranged in the tank body 201, is respectively hydrogen electrode 208 and oxygen electrode 209; Two electrodes connect hydrogen collecting apparatus 210 and oxygen gatherer 212 again respectively.Have hydrogen and oxygen-permeable membrane respectively in two gatherers, these two kinds of permeable membranes only allow hydrogen and oxygen to pass through respectively, enter hydrogen collecting apparatus 210 and oxygen gatherer 212.The hydrogen of two gatherer collections and oxygen can be delivered to hydrogen memory and oxygen memory (not showing among the figure) respectively.Water, fuel liquid and boric acid all can not pass through permeable membrane, can only get back in the tank body 201.The permeable membrane of two gatherers stops steam to pass through too, and steam also can only be got back in the tank body 201.This permeable membrane mainly is a hydrophobic film, comprises the metal film of silicon rubber, fluoropolymer membrane or common hydrogen infiltration, any product of making as Polarium.The preferred fluoropolymer membrane of the present invention, the hydrogen permeable membrane by hydrogen collecting apparatus 210 is after output channel enters hydrogen container or hydrogen depletion load, as hydrogen fuel cell or hydrogen internal combustion engine; The permeable membrane of oxygen by oxygen gatherer 212 is after output channel enters oxygen container or oxygen consumption load, as medical oxygen or tonnage oxygen.
Hydrogen electrode 208 in the tank body 201 is connected with piston mobile axle 214 with oxygen electrode 209.The axis of the piston 214 is connected on the actuate actuators 216, is driven by actuate actuators 216.Actuate actuators 216 can be any actuate actuators, includes but not limited to spring, hydraulic pump or motor, uses for some and uses spring also to be fine as actuate actuators, does not particularly need external power when driving.In addition, having the actuate actuators of contained spring can the mobile piston tube and its output shaft.When select using actuate actuators, hydraulic pump, motor or similarly as actuate actuators, their make-break operation is by a sensor and control (not shown) that transmitter is controlled.The axis of the piston 214 itself is entangled or is comprised the needle tray structure, uses this shell type or needle tray structure can allow hydrogen electrode 208 and oxygen electrode 209 rotations and move up and down.Thereby reach the purpose of regulating control hydrogen and oxygen output, when the wind turbine power generation amount was big, the hydrogen and the oxygen of production were many; Wind turbine power generation amount hour, the hydrogen and the oxygen of production are few.
The present invention has announced that hydrogen electrode and oxygen electrode are arranged on a method in the tank body that comprises fuel fluid, hydrogen electrode carries out relative motion with oxygen electrode with fuel fluid, when hydrogen electrode and oxygen electrode when fuel fluid moves, can improve the hydrogen rate of producing, when hydrogen electrode and oxygen electrode move away from fuel fluid, can reduce the hydrogen rate of producing.The advantage of this invention is that this self-control and automatic control function do not need external power supply or extrinsic motive, can satisfy the commercial demands of applications of various differences, particularly wind power generation energy storage regulation and control and the needs that are incorporated into the power networks, whole system can be used a single tank body, its compact conformation, reduce product hydrogen cumulative volume widely, and can use commercially available part manufacturing.
Please refer to Fig. 5, Fig. 5 is the another kind of structural representation of hydrogen generator.
As shown in the figure, shown another kind of scheme of the present invention, use the catalyst case of the reticulate body of falling the funnel type to replace former electrodes, catalyst case 311 is down the reticulate body of funnel type, in have brine electrolysis to produce the catalyst of hydrogen and oxygen, by the relative motion of fuel chambers and catalyst case, to increase or to reduce hydrogen and oxygen production rate (hydrogen and oxygen generation rate).This relative motion is the reaction result that one or more parameter monitoring produced in hydrogen and the oxygen generative process.This is a kind of have the production hydrogen of self-regulating function and system of oxygen.This hydrogen generator 300 comprises a single hydrogen fuel tank body 301, and this hydrogen fuel tank body can inject fuel fluid and produce hydrogen.This fuel fluid can be a water, also can be non-pure water, seawater, also can be to add the metal hydride fuel liquid, uses for some, also comprises stabilizer such as NaOH.Because the generation of hydrogen is an exothermic reaction, for the hydrogen generator of high yield, tank body 301 need be designed to double-deck tank body, comprises inwall 302 and outer wall 303, and two wall spaces between inwall 302 and outer wall 303 are full of highly heat-conductive material 305, for example water.It can be the system radiating service, also can make full use of its heat energy.This hot transfer can further realize by the diversification radiating fin 304 that adds fuel tank, radiating fin 304 stretches out from outer wall 303, fan 306 is used for reducing temperature, when the fuel fluid reduction reaches predefined temperature, fan 306 will automatic shutter, tank base one side is provided with water outlet water inlet 307, can make cold water flow into hot water and flow out.
The hydrogen that is produced by hydrogen generator 300 can be by pipeline 308 to the separation chamber 312, hydrogen in the separation chamber 312 is by the permeable membrane (not shown), water, liquid and boric acid can not pass through permeable membrane, thereby get back in the separation chamber 312, still will be back in the tank body at last.Permeable membrane can be by any material that only allows hydrogen to pass through and stop steam to pass through simultaneously.For example, hydrophobic film can use, and comprises the metal film of silicon rubber, fluoropolymer membrane or common hydrogen infiltration, any product of making as Polarium.The preferred fluoropolymer membrane of the present invention, hydrogen by permeable membrane after output channel enters hydrogen container or hydrogen depletion load, as hydrogen fuel cell or hydrogen internal combustion engine, oxygen stores up oxygen tank or oxygen expenditure load, for example medical use oxygen or tonnage oxygen by permeable membrane after output channel enters.
Catalyst case is connected with the axis of the piston 316, and the axis of the piston 316 is driven by actuate actuators 318, and the axis of the piston 316 drives catalyst case 311 rotations and can move up and down.This running pivoting mechanism allows the catalyst case rotation to dry, because it shifts out the contact of hydrogen fuel, accelerates to prevent that any boric acid from can precipitate in the liquid catalyst chamber.In addition, the rotation of catalyst case 311 helps to guarantee the uniformity of fuel solution.Catalyst case 311 is down the reticulate body of funnel type, can guarantee catalyst in the catalyst case 311 and fuel solution even contact fully.The catalyst that has brine electrolysis and fuel solution in the catalyst case 311 of the reticulate body of falling the funnel type.Owing to be down the reticulate body of funnel type, so relative motion along with catalyst case and fuel fluid, when catalyst case when fuel fluid moves, or catalyst case is when moving away from fuel fluid, the productivity ratio of hydrogen and oxygen is increase or the minimizing that is linear, thereby makes the output of hydrogen and oxygen even as far as possible.
Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 are can self-control and produce the energy storage regulator control system of hydrogen under different wind conditions.When wind-force is very little such as 2.7 meters of per seconds, as long as power-driven generator leaf rotates, when producing electric energy, electrode among Fig. 4 or the catalyst case among Fig. 5 will contact with fuel solution, produce hydrogen and oxygen.Electrode when wind increases among Fig. 4 or the catalyst case among Fig. 5 will move in fuel solution, will contact with fuel solution more extensive, thereby produce more hydrogen.Because the gas that produces is too much, make the indoor pressure of aerogenesis strengthen when wind-force is bigger, electrode among Fig. 4 or the catalyst case among Fig. 5 are raised in adjusting automatically, thereby have reduced the output of gas.This process that reduces output is actually the effect of a soft power damping, this wind-powered electricity generation hydrogen manufacturing energy storage regulation and control are simplified the control aspect with the method that is incorporated into the power networks for wind turbine generator and also had good especially ilities: the hydrogen manufacturing electrolysis installation is connected the back has in fact just become unit when hydrogen manufacturing power damper (also can be power brake) with wind turbine generator, at any time adjust the power output (being the output of electric energy) of wind-driven generator according to the size of wind-force, these electric energy power can strengthen the quantity of hydrogen producing automatically when wind speed became big, can " reduce the output of wind turbine generator at any time, reduce the quantity and the output that produce hydrogen when wind speed diminishes.
The electrolytic hydrogen production mode can significantly be adjusted power rapidly fast; when wind-force surpasses the scope that wind-driven generator allows such as wind speed when surpassing 20 meters of per seconds; traditional wind turbine generator will be closed automatically; the protection generating set; and the designed energy storage of the present invention regulation and control and the hydrogen energy source technology that is incorporated into the power networks can be coupled immediately another or a plurality of hydrogen generator; thereby reduce electric current and electrical power apace, fast and effeciently reduce the rotating speed of wind-driven generator.This electrodynamic braking effect method can hold wind-driven generator be unlikely driving takes place or rotating speed too fast, protect wind-driven generator effectively.And can need carry out " inclined to one side speed governing " (mode of speed regulation that the effect of wind-driven generator is best at wind-driven generator at least; just governing time is long) time carrying out on the braking force of electrodynamic braking under " flexible reduction of speed " or " soft deceleration " effect; unit has ample time and guarantees that safe shutdown is carried out in inclined to one side speed governing safely, and these all are the characteristics that traditional wind-driven generator is incorporated into the power networks and can't realizes.The present invention has not only improved the generating capacity and the efficient of wind-driven generator widely like this, has also reduced the manufacturing cost and the maintenance cost of wind-driven generator widely, has also improved the useful life of wind-driven generator widely.
More than wind-powered electricity generation hydrogen manufacturing provided by the present invention regulation and control grid-connected system is described in detail.Used specific case herein principle of the present invention and execution mode are set forth, the explanation of above embodiment just is used for helping to understand core concept of the present invention.Should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the principle of the invention, can also carry out some improvement and modification to the present invention, these improvement and modification also fall in the protection range of claim of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. grid-connected system is regulated and control in a wind-powered electricity generation hydrogen manufacturing, it is characterized in that, comprise wind power generation plant, hydrogen generator, hydrogen memory and hydrogen power generation device, the electric energy output end of described wind power generation plant directly or indirectly links to each other with hydrogen generator, the hydrogen output of described hydrogen generator links to each other with described hydrogen reservoir, described hydrogen reservoir links to each other with the hydrogen power generation device, consumes hydrogen in the hydrogen reservoir by the hydrogen power generation device and generates electricity and export supply network to.
2. wind-powered electricity generation hydrogen manufacturing regulation and control grid-connected system according to claim 1 is characterized in that the output of described wind power generation plant becomes direct current by rectifier with the AC rectification that it sends, and is connected with hydrogen generator then.
3. wind-powered electricity generation hydrogen manufacturing regulation and control grid-connected system according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, further comprise battery pack, described battery pack is connected on circuit with hydrogen generator, when the electric power that sends when described wind power generation plant is lower than described hydrogen generator required electric power, continue to produce hydrogen and oxygen to the hydrogen generator power supply by described battery pack.
4. wind-powered electricity generation hydrogen manufacturing regulation and control grid-connected system according to claim 3 is characterized in that the quantity of described hydrogen generator is a plurality of, is in parallel on circuit, and it participates in the quantity of hydrogen manufacturing and the energy output of described wind power generation plant is complementary; When wind-force surpasses the scope of wind power generation plant permission, be coupled automatically next or a plurality of hydrogen generators, thus reduce electric current and electrical power apace, reduce the rotating speed of wind-driven generator.
5. wind-powered electricity generation hydrogen manufacturing regulation and control grid-connected system according to claim 4 is characterized in that described hydrogen power generation device is specially hydrogen fuel cell or hydrogen internal combustion engine generator.
6. wind-powered electricity generation hydrogen manufacturing regulation and control grid-connected system according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, the hydrogen that described hydrogen generator produces is transported to the short of electricity water-deficient area by the long distance of Hydrogen Line, and links to each other with hydrogen fuel cell or hydrogen internal combustion engine, produces clean water in generating.
7. according to each described wind-powered electricity generation hydrogen manufacturing regulation and control grid-connected system of claim 1 to 6, it is characterized in that, described hydrogen generator comprises the hydrogen fuel tank body, described hydrogen fuel tank body can carry out fuel fluid and electrode reaction produces hydrogen and oxygen, its tank body is a double-decker, and two wall spaces between the inner and outer wall are full of heat sink material, and described inwall or outer wall are provided with heat radiation wall fin, tank base one side is provided with heat sink material and imports and exports, and the tank body below is provided with radiator fan; Two electrodes are arranged in the described tank body, are respectively hydrogen electrode and oxygen electrode; Described two electrodes connect hydrogen collecting apparatus and oxygen gatherer respectively, have hydrogen and oxygen-permeable membrane respectively in two gatherers, and the hydrogen and the oxygen of two gatherer collections can be delivered to hydrogen memory and oxygen memory respectively.
8. wind-powered electricity generation hydrogen manufacturing regulation and control grid-connected system according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, hydrogen electrode in the described tank body is connected with the axis of the piston with oxygen electrode, described the axis of the piston is connected to the piston of cylinder, described piston is by the drive unit actuator driven, drives described hydrogen electrode and oxygen electrode moves up and down by described piston; When hydrogen electrode and oxygen electrode when fuel fluid moves, produce the hydrogen rate and increase, when hydrogen electrode and oxygen electrode move away from fuel fluid, produce the hydrogen rate and reduce.
9. according to each described wind-powered electricity generation hydrogen manufacturing regulation and control grid-connected system of claim 1 to 6, it is characterized in that, described hydrogen generator comprises the hydrogen fuel tank body, described hydrogen fuel tank body can carry out fuel fluid and electrode reaction produces hydrogen and oxygen, its tank body is a double-decker, and two wall spaces between the inner and outer wall are full of heat sink material, and described inwall or outer wall are provided with heat radiation wall fin, tank base one side is provided with heat sink material and imports and exports, and the tank body below is provided with radiator fan; The hydrogen that described hydrogen production system produces is delivered to the separation chamber by pipeline, after output channel enters hydrogen container or hydrogen depletion load, oxygen stores up oxygen tank or oxygen expenditure load by permeable membrane after output channel enters to hydrogen in the separation chamber by permeable membrane.
10. wind-powered electricity generation hydrogen manufacturing regulation and control grid-connected system according to claim 9, it is characterized in that, described catalyst case is connected with the axis of the piston, described the axis of the piston is by the drive unit actuator driven, described the axis of the piston drives described catalyst case rotation and can move up and down, described catalyst case is for falling the reticulate body of funnel type, when catalyst case when fuel fluid moves, or catalyst case is when moving away from fuel fluid, the productivity ratio of hydrogen and oxygen is linear increase or minimizing, thereby makes the output of hydrogen and oxygen even as far as possible.
CN2010105381497A 2010-11-09 2010-11-09 Wind power hydrogen production regulation, control and grid-connection system Pending CN101976853A (en)

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CN102182974A (en) * 2011-03-15 2011-09-14 张建洲 Wind energy, solar energy and wind-solar complementary hydrogen energy power generation, storage and supply light emitting diode (LED) lighting system
CN102534646A (en) * 2012-02-11 2012-07-04 章红涛 Wind power generation, hydrogen production, energy storage, hydrogen supply and reserve power generation device
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CN109004665B (en) * 2018-08-31 2022-04-01 河北科技大学 Wind power and photoelectric energy storage and off/grid-connected hydrogen production system
CN109755963A (en) * 2019-02-02 2019-05-14 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 A kind of electrolytic hydrogen production equipment grid-connected system
CN110544935A (en) * 2019-07-29 2019-12-06 西南交通大学 electric-hydrogen multi-energy complementary direct-current micro-grid coordinated scheduling method
CN110544935B (en) * 2019-07-29 2023-02-21 西南交通大学 Electric-hydrogen multi-energy complementary direct-current micro-grid coordinated scheduling method

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Application publication date: 20110216