CN101971006A - Method and apparatus of evaluating fitness-for-plucking of tea leaf, system of evaluating fitness-for-plucking of tea leaf, and computer-usable medium - Google Patents

Method and apparatus of evaluating fitness-for-plucking of tea leaf, system of evaluating fitness-for-plucking of tea leaf, and computer-usable medium Download PDF

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CN101971006A
CN101971006A CN200980108750.8A CN200980108750A CN101971006A CN 101971006 A CN101971006 A CN 101971006A CN 200980108750 A CN200980108750 A CN 200980108750A CN 101971006 A CN101971006 A CN 101971006A
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tealeaves
harvesting
vegetation index
appropriateness
assessment item
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CN101971006B (en
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虎尾健志
荒井昌彦
井料均
全炳德
金宗焕
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Juristic Person Of Nagasaki Public University
Ito En Ltd
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Juristic Person Of Nagasaki Public University
Ito En Ltd
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    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
    • G01N21/314—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry with comparison of measurements at specific and non-specific wavelengths
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
    • G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
    • G01N21/3563—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing solids; Preparation of samples therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
    • G01N2021/635—Photosynthetic material analysis, e.g. chrorophyll
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N2021/8466—Investigation of vegetal material, e.g. leaves, plants, fruits

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Abstract

A vegetation index is calculated using optical data of image information of tea leaves, and the fitness-for-plucking of tea leaves is evaluated for evaluation item(s) using the calculated vegetation index based on the correlation between the vegetation index and at least one of the evaluation items including total nitrogen, the fiver level, the bud weight, the ratio of the number of opened buds to the total number of buds, and the number of buds with open leaves, to determine if the tea leaves are fit for plucking. The system of evaluating the fitness-for-plucking of tea leaves includes a photographic device (1) for creating the image information of tea leaves and an information processing section (2) for calculating the vegetation index and evaluating the fitness-for-plucking of tea leaves for the evaluation item(s) using the calculated vegetation index, and evaluates the fitness-for-plucking using a database for determining the correlation between the evaluation item(s) and the vegetation index.

Description

Tea picking appropriateness evaluation method and harvesting appropriateness evaluating apparatus, harvesting appropriateness evaluation system and the spendable medium of computing machine
Technical field
The present invention relates to sprouting about the tea tree that is used for making the tea leaf of drink tea or plucks in the tea place, can judge the tea picking appropriateness evaluation method that harvesting is whether appropriate simply and pluck the appropriateness evaluating apparatus by noncontact and nondestructive method, the spendable medium of computing machine of plucking the appropriateness evaluation system and being used to carry out the evaluation of plucking appropriateness, especially relate to by image taking can detect or measure tea tree sprouting developmental condition or become the character of the index of quality, can judge whether to be in the tea picking appropriateness evaluation method in period of the tea leaf by plucking the manufacturing raw material that can obtain being suitable for the manufacturing objective tea product and pluck the appropriateness evaluating apparatus, the spendable medium of computing machine of plucking the appropriateness evaluation system and being used to carry out the evaluation of plucking appropriateness.
Background technology
In the manufacturing of tea kinds such as green tea, black tea, the tea leaf that use is plucked from the tea tree in tea place, be the sprouting of tea tree, the sprouting of plucking the position as tea tree is all growing every day, because a little difference in the period of harvesting causes the quality tool of tea leaf to be very different.Therefore, because tea leaf or to its transaction value of carrying out the thick tea after the time processing along with harvesting differs widely period, so, judge that be very important harvesting period of sprouting in the tea place for the people of production and sales tea leaf or thick tea.In addition, the time processing of tea leaf need be according to the quality of tea leaf change setting suitably, so need grasp the quality of tea leaf in advance, to make efficient good in order to make, and importantly needs to estimate at short notice the quality of tea leaves of harvesting.
At present, mainly determine the harvesting period of tea leaf according to practician's experience, in the time must judging by the people beyond the practician, as the benchmark of objective judgement, use to pluck the weight (bud is heavy) that the bud in certain area in tea place measures or go out out bud and judge harvesting period with respect to the ratio (going out out rate) of the quantity of whole buds.
In addition, the method of the quality of the tea leaf of plucking as evaluation aspect chemical, for example in following patent documentation 1,2, proposed after tea leaf drying of will pluck or severing, as the chemical constitution relevant with quality of tea leaves, the method that the content that uses the near-infrared analysis method to measure nitrogen, fiber etc. is used to estimate.
Patent documentation 1: the spy opens flat 3-179239 communique
Patent documentation 2: the spy opens flat 8-114543 communique
Summary of the invention
But, in the method for judging according to the tea leaf of in certain area, plucking, transport harvesting tealeaves, measurement operation and classification processing etc. to the measurement place and need spended time, so before obtaining the result, need the time, can't judge apace, so be difficult to judge apace in large-scale tea place or in place away from the tea place.In addition, also might produce the situation that effectively to use the tea leaf of harvesting.And, because be based on the evaluation that make at the sampling position, so the evaluation result possibility may not be consistent with the present situation in large-scale whole tea place.
Above-mentioned patent documentation 1,2 such methods also are to need labour and time in the mensuration of the chemical constitution of tea leaf, the error that the deviation that reduces the tea leaf of plucking in order to judge soundly causes, need increase the measurement sampling quantity, so be difficult to judge rapidly for large-scale tea place.
Problem of the present invention provides harvesting appropriateness evaluation method of tealeaves of the sprouting that can easily judge whether be fit to pluck tea tree at short notice and the spendable medium of computing machine of plucking the appropriateness evaluating apparatus, plucking the appropriateness evaluation system and be used to carry out the evaluation of plucking appropriateness.
In addition, problem of the present invention is the sprouting that can judge whether be fit to pluck tea tree by noncontact and nondestructive method, does not need to waste the tea picking appropriateness evaluation method of sampling of tealeaves of harvesting and the spendable medium of computing machine of plucking the appropriateness evaluating apparatus, plucking the appropriateness evaluation system and be used to carry out the evaluation of plucking appropriateness.
As the result who studies in order to solve above-mentioned problem, the present inventor finds to use the photographic images in tea place to judge whether the sprouting of tea tree is in the state that is suitable for plucking, and has finished the present invention thus.
According to a mode of the present invention, the purport of the harvesting appropriateness evaluation method of tealeaves is, the optical data that use comprises in the image information of tealeaves is calculated vegetation index, according to heavy from full nitrogen, fibre weight, bud, go out aperture and open at least one assessment item of selecting the group that the number of sheets constitutes and the correlationship of vegetation index, the described vegetation index that use calculates is for the harvesting appropriateness of described assessment item evaluation tealeaves.
According to the evaluation of the harvesting appropriateness of above-mentioned tealeaves, can judge whether tealeaves is in the period that is suitable for plucking.
In addition, according to a mode of the present invention, the purport of the harvesting appropriateness evaluation system of tealeaves is to possess: the filming apparatus that generates the image information of tealeaves; The optical data that use comprises in described image information is calculated vegetation index, the vegetation index that use calculates, for weighing from full nitrogen, fibre weight, bud, go out aperture and opening the information treatment part that at least one assessment item of selecting the group of number of sheets composition is estimated the harvesting appropriateness of tealeaves, described treating apparatus uses the database of the data with the correlationship that is used to determine described at least one assessment item and vegetation index, can estimate the harvesting appropriateness of tealeaves for described assessment item.
According to another way of the present invention, the purport of the harvesting appropriateness evaluation system of tealeaves is to possess: the filming apparatus that generates the image information of tealeaves; Have be used for determining heavy from full nitrogen, fibre weight, bud, go out aperture and open at least one assessment item that group that the number of sheets forms selects and the database of the data of the correlationship of vegetation index; And use the optical data that in described image information, comprises to calculate vegetation index, according at least one assessment item of described database and the correlationship of vegetation index, the vegetation index that use calculates is estimated the information treatment part of the harvesting appropriateness of tealeaves for described assessment item.
In addition, according to a mode of the present invention, the purport of the harvesting appropriateness evaluating apparatus of tealeaves is to have: input part, and it obtains the image information of tealeaves; Arithmetic processing section, it uses the optical data that comprises in the image information of the tealeaves that described input part obtains to calculate vegetation index, the vegetation index that use calculates, for weighing from full nitrogen, fibre weight, bud, go out aperture and opening the harvesting appropriateness that at least one assessment item of selecting the group of number of sheets composition is estimated tealeaves, and use the database of data with the correlationship that is used to determine described at least one assessment item and vegetation index, can estimate the harvesting appropriateness of tealeaves for described assessment item; And display part, it shows the harvesting appropriateness of the tealeaves of being estimated by described arithmetic processing section.
According to the present invention, the noncontact and the nondestructive method of the photographic images by using tealeaves, estimate the harvesting appropriateness of the sprouting of tea tree, can easily estimate sprouting at short notice and whether be in the period that is suitable for plucking, so can correctly and promptly judge each zone for large-scale tea place, can gather in the crops tealeaves efficiently with purpose quality to harvesting.In addition, can make the quality homogenising of the tea leaf of harvesting, and the setting by yield determination, make and produce stable can enhancing productivity.Can save complexity such as the sampling of sample and constituent analysis and need the operation of time, can alleviate and pluck and judge relevant labour.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the chart of correlativity of the full nitrogen of the NDVI that obtains according to image information of expression and tealeaves.
Fig. 2 is the chart of correlativity of the fibre weight of the NDVI that obtains according to image information of expression and tealeaves.
Fig. 3 is the NDVI that obtains according to image information of expression and the chart of the correlativity of the bud weight of tealeaves.
Fig. 4 is the chart of the correlativity that aperture of the NDVI that obtains according to image information of expression and tealeaves.
Fig. 5 is the chart of the correlativity of opening the number of sheets of the NDVI that obtains according to image information of expression and tealeaves.
Fig. 6 is the chart of change of correlativity of the full nitrogen of the NDVI that caused by the tea phase of expression and tealeaves.
Fig. 7 is the chart of change of correlativity of the fibre weight of the NDVI that caused by the tea phase of expression and tealeaves.
The chart of the relation of the illumination when Fig. 8 is expression NDVI and shooting.
Fig. 9 is the chart of the relation of expression NDVI and shooting angle.
Figure 10 is the chart of expression according to the correlativity of the fibre weight of captured image information obtains under dark condition NDVI and tealeaves.
Figure 11 is the summary structural drawing of an example of the harvesting appropriateness evaluation system of expression tealeaves.
Figure 12 is the process flow diagram of an example of summarily representing the harvesting appropriateness evaluation method of tealeaves.
Figure 13 is the process flow diagram of an example of order of the calculating of expression vegetation index.
Figure 14 is the process flow diagram of an example of the order of expression vegetation index correction.
Figure 15 is the process flow diagram of expression about an example of the order of the evaluation of assessment item.
Figure 16 is the process flow diagram that an example of the order of plucking suitable period is judged in expression.
Embodiment
The amount of the various compositions that comprise in the tealeaves is because the extent of growth of the tealeaves sprouting of plucking and difference, and the needed quality of tea leaf that is used to make tea product is because the kind of the product of manufacturing and grade and difference.Therefore, need the harvesting period of decision tealeaves,, and can obtain such tealeaves with high harvest yield so that the tealeaves of plucking has the quality of the target product that is suitable for making.The decision in such harvesting suitable period is by carrying out investigation, the observation in tea place according to the objective appraisal project, the technical ability that can not rely on the practician is carried out.But, in large-scale tea place, because the environmental baseline difference of the different every days in place etc., so need might miss suitable period for a long time during suitable period when each zone being observed one by one decision.
Carry out investigation methods as developmental condition to the crops in large-scale farm, cultivated, consider to use the photographic images of the crops that photograph by aircraft etc. to grasp the remote sensing of development condition, attempt using the various vegetation indexs that calculate according to the optical data of detected visible light in shooting and near infrared light, estimate the developmental condition of crops.The application of this method is limited to a part of crops such as rice or wheat at present.If remote sensing is used to judge harvesting period of tealeaves, then think the suitable period of harvesting that can determine large-scale tea place efficiently.But, tea tree is a perennial plant, and the tealeaves of results is sproutings, so from problem points such as needs differences sprouting part and Lao Ye parts as can be known, it is different fully that period is compared judgment standard in the harvesting of results period of rice or wheat and tealeaves, the method that is used for cereal can't be used to pluck tealeaves.Harvesting about tealeaves, analysis project and the disposal route thereof that should collect from image information are unknown fully, pluck needed image information in suitable period so need clearly be used for decision, and research obtains the evaluation determination methods of the tea leaf of needed quality with high accuracy.
Therefore, the inventor of the present invention generates various image informations by taking the tea place, about the optical data of measuring by shooting that in image information, comprises, whether lasting research has and the assessment item that uses in the harvesting of tealeaves is judged, the relation of the judgment standard of plucking and the chemical analysis data of tea leaf etc., result as research, find to exist and to have realized in view of the above and can estimate tealeaves objectively and judge the method and the system of plucking suitable period according to the harvesting appropriateness of photographic images information evaluation tealeaves and the correlativity that can estimate suitable period by remote sensing.Below describe the harvesting appropriateness evaluation method of the tealeaves based on image information of the present invention in detail and pluck the appropriateness evaluation system.
The optical data that comprises in the image information is relevant with the light kind that filming apparatus detects, so corresponding needed optical data uses the filming apparatus that can measure this wavelength region may to generate image information.In remote sensing, use usually visible light (400～700nm), (the detection data in 700～1300nm) equiwavelength zones, the image information that also detection by these light can be obtained is used for estimate plucking appropriateness near infrared light in the present invention.Estimate the growth activity of plant in order to use image information, the numerical value that the optical data that comprises in image information by use calculates is represented the vegetable active degree, specifically, NDVI, SAVI, MSAVI, TSAVI, the vegetation indexs such as EVI, RVI that the detection data computation of red light and near infrared light goes out are used in consideration.Also can use such vegetation index in the evaluation of harvesting appropriateness of the present invention and in suitably judging period, particularly use red light (600～700nm) and the albedometer of the near infrared light standardization vegetation index (NDVI) of calculating extremely useful, about the assessment item that in the evaluation of the harvesting appropriateness of tealeaves, uses, distinguished and to have used vegetation index to carry out numerical Evaluation as index.Specifically, as result, in the nitrogen amount and fibre weight of tealeaves, confirm the high correlativity of the NDVI that obtains with image information according to tealeaves based on the chemico-analytic research of tealeaves, find to judge the suitable period of harvesting by estimating nitrogen amount and fibre weight according to correlativity.In addition, about existing by observable tealeaves as the assessment item of plucking appropriateness go out aperture, bud is heavy and open the number of sheets, has confirmed also and the correlativity of NDVI that discovery can be used to estimate the appropriateness of harvesting.Going out aperture, bud, heavily to wait assessment item be to be used for the picker plucks judgement objectively by visualization when plucking tealeaves project, between these projects and vegetation index, has correlativity, meaning can be according to this correlationship, similarly carry out the evaluation of tealeaves and pluck judgement with the practician, this is very important.That is, can use the image information that obtains by shooting, for large-scale tea place, can be at short notice and non-destructive judge whether to pluck tealeaves, and can non-ly at short notice destroy the prediction that suitable period is implemented to pluck in ground.The correlativity of each assessment item of following vegetation index that obtains according to the image information of tealeaves with reference to Fig. 1～Fig. 5 explanation and tealeaves.In addition, in the following description, with the highest NDVI of the correlativity of each assessment item as vegetation index, even but other vegetation index such as RVI also can show same correlativity.
Fig. 1 is the chart (x:NDVI, y: nitrogen) entirely of the relation of the full nitrogen (quality %) that comprises in expression NDVI and the tealeaves.Can obviously see between full nitrogen in tealeaves and the NDVI having correlativity, this correlativity can be passed through relational expression (1): y=ax+b (in formula, a=-5.96, b=9.23) and represent (R 2=0.56).Chemical analysis by tealeaves, the amino acid content of tealeaves is along with the growth of sprouting increases, owing to be the grade that decides the tea product that obtains according to the amino acid content of tealeaves, so, have correlativity between the promptly full nitrogen at the harvesting appropriateness and the amino acid content of tealeaves.Therefore, can estimate the NDVI appropriateness of tealeaves, judge whether to pluck according to the above-mentioned relation of NDVI and full nitrogen.Specifically, use the NDVI value that obtains according to image information, obtain full nitrogen value, its scope (proper range) with the full nitrogen of the tealeaves that is suitable for plucking is compared, judge whether to be suitable for harvesting according to whether meeting scope by above-mentioned relation formula (1).Perhaps, can be in advance set the proper range of the NDVI corresponding with the proper range of full nitrogen according to above-mentioned correlationship, with this scope and the NDVI value that obtains according to image information directly compare judge whether suitable.And, when in comparison, being judged as when being not suitable for plucking, calculate poor with the proper range of full nitrogen (or NDVI), obtain the ratio of described difference with respect to per 1 day standard variation, obtain thus up to the fate of plucking suitable period (date that becomes the developmental condition that is suitable for plucking tealeaves), by with this fate and shooting date addition, can predict thus and pluck suitable period.Per 1 day standard variation of full nitrogen is approximately-0.09%/sky.The full nitrogen that is judged as the tealeaves that is suitable for plucking probably is in the scope of 3.4～6.5 quality %, can corresponding quality grade as target the part in this scope be set at proper range.For example, can set the proper range of full nitrogen, beautifully reveal or be the so high scopes of 5.4～6.5 quality % when being used for the tealeaves of powder tea plucking, when the tealeaves that harvesting is used to simmer tea, be 4.5～5.4 quality %, when the tealeaves of general grade is the so lower scopes of 3.4～4.5 quality %, can also set the proper range of NDVI correspondingly.
Fig. 2 is chart (x:NDVI, the y: fibre weight) of the relation of the fibre weight (quality %, dry thing conversion) that comprises in expression NDVI and the tealeaves.Find correlativity significantly between fiber (neutral detergent fiber) amount that can also be in tealeaves and the NDVI, (in the formula, c=33.97 d=-4.44) represents (R can to pass through relational expression (2): y=cx+d 2=0.66).In the chemical analysis of tealeaves, can also between the harvesting appropriateness of tealeaves and fibre weight, find correlativity, sprouting grows fibre weight to be increased, fiber content with become negative correlation as the quality that simmers tea.Therefore, can obtain fibre weight according to the NDVI value that obtains from image information, its proper range with the fibre weight of the tealeaves that is suitable for plucking be compared, according to whether judging appropriately whether harvesting is appropriate according to the above-mentioned relation of NDVI and fibre weight.Perhaps, at first set the suitable scope of the NDVI corresponding, this scope and the NDVI value that obtains according to image information are directly relatively judged whether suitably with the proper range of fibre weight according to above-mentioned correlationship.And, when in comparison, being judged as when being not suitable for plucking, calculate poor with the suitable scope of fibre weight (or NDVI), obtain the ratio of described difference with respect to per 1 day standard variation, obtain thus up to the fate of plucking suitable period, so by this fate and shooting date addition being predicted harvesting suitable period.Per 1 day standard variation of fibre weight probably is 0.5～0.7%/sky.The fibre weight that is judged as the tealeaves that is suitable for plucking probably is in the scope of 10～35 quality %, can corresponding product property as target the part in this scope be set at proper range.For example, can set the proper range of fibre weight, when plucking high-grade tealeaves is the so low scopes of 10～20 quality %, is the so high scopes of 20～35 quality % when the tealeaves of general grade, can also set the proper range of NDVI correspondingly.
Fig. 3 is chart (x:NDVI, the y: the heavy (g/400cm of bud of the heavy relation of expression NDVI and bud 2)).Bud heavily is the area average weight value that is illustrated in the quality of the tealeaves of plucking as sprouting in certain surface area in tea place, is equivalent to the harvest yield of the tealeaves of per unit area, the growth of corresponding sprouting and increasing.That is, be the index of the harvest yield of tealeaves, and be the index of the development degree of sprouting.Quality of tea leaves changes along with the growth of sprouting, and for example, the content of amino acids, caffeine, tannin reduces along with the growth of sprouting, and relative therewith, sugar increases along with the growth of sprouting.Therefore, according to the kind or the grade of the tea product of making, the development degree difference that is suitable for plucking need be plucked day so that sprouting is in suitable development degree the quality decision that reply tealeaves requires.Therefore, to decide the bud of area heavily be the important assessment item that is used to determine to pluck day to each that becomes development index.According to Fig. 3, obviously show correlativity at bud between the heavy and NDVI, can pass through relational expression (3) y=e * log (x+f)+g (in formula, e=47.44, f=-0.3 g=65.77) represents (R 2=0.63).Therefore, can be according to NDVI and the heavy above-mentioned relation of bud, it is heavy to obtain bud according to the NDVI value that obtains from image information, and the proper range that itself and the bud of the tealeaves that is suitable for plucking is heavy compares, according to whether judging appropriately whether harvesting is appropriate.Perhaps, at first, this scope and the NDVI value that obtains according to image information are directly relatively judged whether suitably according to the suitable scope of the corresponding NDVI of the heavy proper range of above-mentioned correlationship setting and bud.And, when in comparison, being judged as when being not suitable for plucking, calculate poor with the suitable scope of bud heavy (or NDVI), obtain the ratio of described difference with respect to per 1 day standard variation, obtain thus up to the fate of plucking suitable period, so by this fate and shooting date addition being predicted harvesting suitable period.Per 1 day standard variation that bud is heavy probably is 2g/ days 400cm 2Be judged as the great 10～50g/400cm that generally is in of bud of the tealeaves that is suitable for plucking 2, can corresponding quality grade the part in this scope be set at proper range as target.For example, can set the heavy proper range of bud of per unit area, be 10～25g/400cm when plucking high-grade tealeaves 2Low scope like this is 20～50g/400cm when the tealeaves of general grade 2High scope like this.
Fig. 4 is expression NDVI and the chart (x:NDVI, y: go out aperture) that goes out the relation of aperture (%).Go out aperture and be in the zone of certain area in tea place, go out out bud shared ratio in whole sproutings, go out out bud and be meant that being in sprouting stretches, the continuous expansion of young leaves is finished, and the bud of the state of uppermost leaf occurred.That is, be the area average of the development degree of expression sprouting, increase along with the growth of sprouting.Because quality of tea leaves changes along with the growth of sprouting, thus with above-mentioned bud heavy phase with, can will go out the index of aperture as development degree, the quality decision that reply tealeaves is required is plucked day so that the tealeaves of plucking is in suitable development degree.According to Fig. 4,, can pass through relational expression (4) x=hy going out obviously to show correlativity between aperture and the NDVI 2+ iy 2+ jy+k (in formula, h=0.60 * 10 -6, i=-0.80 * 10 -4, j=0.42 * 10 -2, k=0.64) represent (R 2=0.62).Therefore, can obtain out aperture according to the NDVI value that obtains from image information, its aperture that goes out with the tealeaves that is suitable for plucking be compared, according to whether judging appropriately whether harvesting is appropriate according to NDVI and the above-mentioned relation that goes out aperture.Perhaps, at first set the suitable scope of the NDVI corresponding, this scope and the NDVI value that obtains according to image information are directly relatively judged whether suitably with the proper range that goes out aperture according to above-mentioned correlationship.And, when in comparison, being judged as when being not suitable for plucking, calculating is poor with the suitable scope that goes out aperture, obtain the ratio of described difference with respect to per 1 day standard variation, obtain thus up to the fate of plucking suitable period, so by this fate and shooting date addition being predicted harvesting suitable period.The per 1 day standard variation that goes out aperture probably is 5～6%/sky.The aperture that goes out that is judged as the tealeaves that is suitable for plucking probably is in 30～90%, can corresponding quality grade as target the part in this scope be set at proper range.For example, can set out the proper range of aperture, be 30～50% so low scopes when plucking high-grade tealeaves, is 50～90% so high scopes when the tealeaves of general grade.
Fig. 5 is expression NDVI and the chart (x:NDVI, y: open the number of sheets) of opening the relation of the number of sheets (sheet).Open the number of sheets and be the leaf of the state of opening leaf (leaf launches, and can see whole middle ribs) that 1 bud has of the mean value of sheet number obtain to(for) the whole sproutings in the zone of certain area in tea place, increase along with the growth of sprouting.Because quality of tea leaves changes along with the growth of sprouting, so can weigh similarly, will open the index of the number of sheets as development degree with above-mentioned bud, the quality decision that reply tealeaves requires is plucked day so that the tealeaves of plucking is in suitable development degree.According to Fig. 5, obviously show correlativity between the number of sheets and the NDVI opening, (in formula, m=5.53 n=-1.15) represents (R can to pass through relational expression (5) y=mx+n 2=0.66).Therefore, can obtain out the number of sheets according to the NDVI value that obtains from image information, its number of sheets of opening with the tealeaves that is suitable for plucking be compared, according to whether judging appropriately whether harvesting is appropriate according to NDVI and the above-mentioned relation of opening the number of sheets.Perhaps, at first set the suitable scope of the NDVI corresponding, this scope and the NDVI value that obtains according to image information are directly relatively judged whether suitably with the proper range of opening the number of sheets according to above-mentioned correlationship.And, when in comparison, being judged as when being not suitable for plucking, calculating is poor with the suitable scope of opening the number of sheets (or NDVI), obtain the ratio of described difference with respect to per 1 day standard variation, obtain thus up to the fate of plucking suitable period, so by this fate and shooting date addition being predicted harvesting suitable period.Per 1 day standard variation of opening the number of sheets probably is 0.05～0.2 slice/day.But what be judged as the tealeaves that is suitable for plucking holds the number of sheets because the local environment in tea place etc. can produce deviation, so wish that basic data is collected in each tea place in advance to be confirmed severally.The number of sheets of opening that is suitable for plucking probably is 2～5, can be to each tea place, and corresponding quality grade as target is set at proper range with the part in this scope.For example, in certain tea place, can set out the proper range of the number of sheets, be 3～4 so low scopes when plucking high-grade tealeaves, is 4～5 so high scopes when the tealeaves of general grade.
The correlationship that Fig. 1～Fig. 5 represents is the result who obtains in the tea of first harvesting of the tealeaves of a kind of being called " inferior cloth guitar (や ぶ I) ", the sprouting of tea can be plucked repeatedly in 1 year, the propelling of the tea phase that the tea of the tea of known tea according to first harvesting, second batch of harvesting, the 3rd batch of harvesting is such, the component content that comprises in the tealeaves changes.During green tea during at home 1 year is produced, the tea proportion of first harvesting quantitatively is more than 4 one-tenth, be more than 7 one-tenth on the amount of money, the development condition of tea of learning first harvesting is extremely important for the producer, but along with the increase of demand in recent years, the importance of the tea of the tea of second batch of harvesting and the 3rd batch of harvesting also improves constantly, so also need to consider the different judgements of plucking with the corresponding growth of tea phase.In addition, the component content that comprises in the kind tealeaves according to tea tree also has a little difference, " inferior cloth guitar (や ぶ I) " shared ratio is 75% of an entire area in the tea place at home, but according to demand in the kind of specialization aspect the various functional components, the ratio of " inferior cloth guitar (や ぶ I) " kind is in addition also increasing, so also need corresponding kind to learn development condition when plucking judgement.
Because in relational expression (1)～(5) of above-mentioned each correlativity of expression that do not coexist that the tea phase of the tealeaves of plucking, kind, local environment etc. cause, be rendered as constant a, b, c ..., the change of n, even but differences such as tea phase or kind still jointly keep correlativity same as described above.For example, about the relation table of NDVI with full nitrogen, when the tea of the tea of first harvesting and second batch of harvesting is compared, become the correlationship (tea of second batch of harvesting: a=-4.18 of Fig. 6, b=6.92), when the relation about NDVI and fibre weight compares, become the such relation of Fig. 7 (tea of second batch of harvesting: c=38.7, d=2.00).Therefore, the constant of expression and the relational expression of the correlativity of each assessment item is handled as the variable that changes according to kind and tea phase.Can be according to the kind and the data of tea phase of giving as the starting condition of the tealeaves of estimating, consideration kind and tea phase carry out the harvesting appropriateness of tealeaves and estimate and pluck and judge.Therefore, when using image information to estimate the harvesting appropriateness of tealeaves, in advance with reference to the constant of each relational expression of data setting of tea phase of the tealeaves of the kind of tea tree and harvesting.About the standard variation of every day, change according to kind and tea phase too.
The correlationship of the harvesting appropriateness that can estimate tealeaves that Fig. 1～Fig. 7 is such can also be obtained in projects such as the content of compositions such as amino acid, tannin, caffeine or leaf color, be set at relational expression with above-mentioned correlativity of similarly collecting these project foundation data handles and vegetation index, can be used to estimate the harvesting appropriateness of tealeaves thus.
In addition, because image information is subjected to the influence of shooting condition, so need be according to the situation of taking, to the data correction of image information enforcement based on shooting condition.At first, the image taking in tea place is outdoor shooting, and sunshine condition changes all the time, so the illumination when taking exerts an influence to image information.In same tea place, during the concerning of illumination when using the image capturing data investigation in one day, obtain to take and NDVI, can find the such correlativity of Fig. 8 (x: illumination (lx), y:NDVI).This correlativity can pass through relational expression (6) y=px+q (in the formula, p=5 * 10 -7, q=0.69) expression (R 2=0.84).Therefore, preferably measure the illumination when taking, use and pluck judgement based on NDVI according to the revised data of illumination.In addition, for the precision of the correction that improves image information, can use hawk as illumination.Specifically, comprise hawk and take the tea place in taking the visual field, tea place and hawk are coexisted in a photographic images, the optical data that can obtain the image from hawk is confirmed the appropriateness revised to improve the precision of estimating in contrast thus.In addition, in order to obtain high quality images information, the aperture and the shutter speed (time shutter) of regulating filming apparatus are very important, this is identical with general shooting, but light intensity detected value as the basic optical data that in image information, comprises, conditions of exposure (aperture and shutter speed) with filming apparatus changes, so work as conditions of exposure not simultaneously, in the calculating of vegetation index, need optical data is carried out standardization (for example, being transformed to the detected value of each time shutter) from detected value to actual value.In order to simplify such processing as far as possible, be predetermined as the standard exposure condition.In addition, wish with regard to it because the data deviation that the individual difference of each filming apparatus etc. cause is also suitably revised each device.
In the tea place, usually be 1.5～1.8m at width, highly (ladder is poor) is cultivate agrocybe in the field of 0.3～1m, so can be up～horizontal cross～tiltedly set the camera site of the image in the close-up photography in the scope of below, but because reference object is from the upwardly extending sprouting of the crown surface of tea tree, so the camera site becomes the big top～horizontal cross of crown surface.When Lao Ye below taking crown surface or shady and cool part, the correlativity of exert an influence in image information above-mentioned assessment item and NDVI reduces easily, is appropriate so consider to take from oblique upper.Carried out simultaneously under the situation of close-up photography in same tea place when changing angle, during the concerning of NDVI that investigation obtains from photographic images and shooting angle, can obtain chart shown in Figure 9 (x: shooting angle (°), y:NDVI).Between shooting angle and NDVI, there is correlativity, can passes through relational expression (7): y=rx 2+ sx+t (in the formula, r=-0.0001, s=0.0069 t=0.72) represents (R 2=0.99).Therefore, be preferably in and measure shooting angle when taking, judge being used for according to the revised NDVI of shooting angle plucking.About this, can find that in Fig. 9 shooting angle is little, measured data is little with respect to the deviation of relational expression (7), and its reason is to think the angle that can easily from reference object the shooting thing beyond the sprouting be removed.Therefore, in order to improve the precision of graphical information, it is effective that the mode that concentrates on sprouting with reference object sets that shooting angle takes.Being preferably in shooting angle is the oblique upper position configuration image capturing device of 0～10 ° scope (but removing 0 °) with respect to crown surface.In addition, sometimes the crown surface of tea tree is usually put in order curved surface, at this moment, made the benchmark of shooting angle become face by the crown surface top of each tea tree into relaxing.Therefore, when the tea place, level land, the crown surface that is recited as the benchmark of shooting angle in the present invention means the surface level by the crown surface top, for the inclination tea place time, means by the crown surface top face parallel with the sloping floor.
When using satellite or aircraft to carry out wide-long shot, take the value of corresponding shooting angle correction NDVI from the top.
During field under sunshine is taken, because weather or solar azimuth change in time, so change according to shooting conditions such as shooting date time illumination, accompany therewith, the vegetation index that calculates according to optical data also changes.Therefore, (under=bright conditions) under the sunshine by day comprises error in taking easily in the correction of vegetation index, have boundary by revising the accuracy that improves the vegetation index that obtains.About this point, if being transformed to artificial light from sunshine, takes light source at night (under=dark condition), then can eliminate the change of shooting condition, the accuracy of the vegetation index that obtains according to optical data also can improve.At this moment, the artificial light that uses in shooting is so long as be included in the artificial light of the light that calculates the wavelength that uses in the vegetation index, promptly, comprise 600～1300 the red light and the artificial light of near infrared light and get final product, the illuminating lamp for shooting that generally uses or artificial sun illuminating lamp etc. can be used as light source.When the irradiates light of in red light and near infrared light, use becoming privileged, only then can specially turn to shooting at the optical data of needs, can improve the precision of vegetation index.As the light source of the light of the such wavelength of irradiation, can enumerate infrared and near infrared with etc., LED etc.When taking, in the time will being constant as distance, irradiating angle and the illuminance setting of the tealeaves of reference object and light source, improving on the precision this point of revised vegetation index is desirable, so can be as required tealeaves and filming apparatus be used for fixed cell that light source is positioned.When use dark curtain or shutter etc. cover illuminating lamp and filming apparatus around the irradiation area decision of tealeaves during as certain limit, can be suppressed the change of illumination, improve the reliability of data.In this structure, though can't take on a large scale, but be not limited to take by day night, so by taking using under the dark condition of artificial light, even also can stablize by day and collect data definitely for occlusion area.
Figure 10 is the vegetation index that expression calculates according to the optical data that obtains by the shooting of the rayed under the dark condition, the result's of the relation of the assessment item of investigation vegetation index and tealeaves chart.In this chart, tealeaves about phase tea time (autumn tea) of the 4th batch of harvesting of " inferior cloth guitar (や ぶ I) " tea, use uses artificial solar illumination lamp (with the illumination of the similar wavelength of sunshine) to take the optical data that (shooting angle: 20 °) arrives at night, calculate NDVI as vegetation index, measure the fibre weight (quality %, dry thing converts) that in tealeaves, comprises as assessment item.According to the chart of Figure 10 (x:NDVI, y: fibre weight), identical with situation under the bright conditions, find correlativity between fiber in tealeaves (neutral detergent fiber) amount and the NDVI, (in the formula, c=74.20 d=-22.16) represents (R can to pass through relational expression (2): y=cx+d 2=0.86).Therefore, identical with situation under the bright conditions, can estimate the harvesting appropriateness of tealeaves according to the above-mentioned relation of NDVI and fibre weight, can judge by the comparison of proper range and NDVI value whether harvesting is appropriate.And, can also similarly predict the harvesting that is judged as when being not suitable for plucking suitable period.
About other assessment item, showing between the assessment item of vegetation index and tealeaves under the dark condition with bright conditions under similar correlationship, identical with the situation of (sunshine) under the bright conditions, use vegetation index and full nitrogen, bud heavy, go out aperture or open the relational expression and the constant of the number of sheets, estimate the harvesting appropriateness of tealeaves, by with relatively the judging whether and can pluck of proper range.And, can also be judged as the suitable period of predicting harvesting when being not suitable for plucking.
In the shooting under dark condition, the vegetation index that calculates according to the optical data that obtains is also according to shooting condition, be illumination and shooting angle and change, existence and Fig. 8,9 similar correlationships can similarly be revised vegetation index according to illumination data and angle-data.
In addition, it is different that bright conditions and dark condition are compared irradiates light, and according to Figure 10 as can be known, vegetation index changes with the different of irradiates light with the relational expression and the constant of assessment item.Therefore, according to the difference (that is, the difference of the difference=Wavelength distribution of sunshine/artificial light) of bright/dark condition, according to the kind of tealeaves and the relational expression and the constant of tea phase decision vegetation index and assessment item.In addition, under artificial light, because lighting device, the luminous intensity distribution of irradiates light distributes different, center and edge part in irradiation might produce deviation in illumination etc., so also comprise the technical specification and the illuminate condition of irradiation unit in the reason that above-mentioned relation formula and constant are impacted.Therefore, when the difference according to bright/dark condition determines above-mentioned relation formula and constant, need to consider the setting (technical specification, illuminate condition etc.) of irradiation unit.The deviation of the data that cause for the difference that prevents the irradiates light under the dark condition complicated and the vegetation data that calculate is wished the uniform specification of the irradiates light that uses under dark condition.And, can easily understand owing to take the mensuration/detection wavelength of the catoptrical filming apparatus of tealeaves, the constant of above-mentioned relation formula also changes.Therefore, when decision above-mentioned relation formula and constant, need to consider setting testing conditions such as () wavelength of test section.Unified the setting of the test section in the filming apparatus, no matter under bright conditions or under dark condition, all help preventing when determining above-mentioned relation formula and constant the deviation of the complicated and vegetation index of data.
Below, the embodiment of the harvesting appropriateness evaluation system that the harvesting of using the above-mentioned relation formula can carry out tealeaves with reference to description of drawings is judged.
Figure 11 is the summary structural drawing that an embodiment of system is judged in expression harvesting of the present invention, plucks the judgement system and has: the shoot part 1 of obtaining the image information of tealeaves; The harvesting appropriateness of the tealeaves that the image information evaluation of using shoot part 1 to obtain photographs judges whether to be in the information treatment part 2 of plucking suitable period; The efferent 3 of exporting the evaluation of described information treatment part 2 and plucking the judged result in suitable period.Shoot part 1 can be the form that is used for close-up photography, also can be to be loaded in the long distance form for shooting of taking from the sky on the flight unit such as aircraft or satellite, both together can also be used.In the drawings, represented with respect to the close-up photography under the shooting angle θ of crown surface.Close-up photography for example can position the mobile observation of taking by hand or tripod etc. and carries out with filming apparatus 1b with filming apparatus a1 or by suitably moving near the tea place camera site with fixing ocean weather station observation such as bar by using frost prevention fan.During shooting under dark condition, be used for the light source 1c of artificial light that to tealeaves irradiation comprises the wavelength region may of red light and near infrared light.As long as light source 1c can have no particular limits according to the illumination of hope to tealeaves irradiation artificial light, can be fixed in the tea place and also can when taking, be provided with, perhaps can also add in close-up photography usefulness filming apparatus 1a, 1b.When using light source 1c, wish to be careful the location that direction of illumination etc. carries out light source 1c.
In the reflected light after sunshine or artificial light are by the tealeaves reflection, in red light and near infrared light, occur significantly because the intensity difference that chlorophyllous extinction characteristic produces.In remote sensing, use this phenomenon, according to two kinds of vegetation indexs such as reflection of light coefficient calculations NDVI.Promptly, the optical data that information treatment part 2 uses from image information is the reflected light data in red light territory and near infrared light territory, and the light wavelength zone of extracting from reflected light, detecting from the artificial light of light source 1c irradiation and among filming apparatus 1a, 1b in shoot part 1 comprises red light and near infrared light gets final product.Therefore, as filming apparatus 1a, 1b, not only can use the remote sensing specialized equipment, mobile phone that can also use digital camera or have camera etc. has applied the equipment that can detect the unit of needed optical data in the terminal that can carry.For example, the optical filter by assembling regulation in having the digital camera of ccd image sensor can detect red light and infrared light thus.As an example that uses, in the embodiment of Figure 11, using surveyed area is the near infrared sensor of 760～900nm and the red sensor of 600～660nm.As light source 1c, for example can from various irradiation units such as artificial sun light, the red colored lamp of irradiation that comprises redness and near infrared region or LED, carry out suitable selection and use.
The image information that generates by shoot part include be divided into the image that can handle each zone in a plurality of zones and with each the area relative red light and the relevant optical data of near infrared light of image, send to information treatment part 2 by the data feed unit from shoot part 1.The data feed unit can utilize by transmitting-receiving wired or that radio communication is carried out, or utilizes recording of information via recording mediums such as floppy disk or flash memories/read etc.
Information treatment part 2 has input part 2a, arithmetic processing section 2b, display part 2c and storage part 2d, input part 2a has by communicating by letter directly or obtaining the receiving trap or the reading device of the image information that is generated by shoot part 1 indirectly via recording medium, as required the image information that obtains is stored among the storage part 2d.In addition, input part 2a possesses keyboard that is used for hand input-data or can revises data etc., as required, can carry out and following relevant input, correction: in the setting of the purposes such as grade of estimating, judge starting condition such as the kind used in the operation, tea phase or goods; The difference and the shooting condition of the bright/dark condition relevant with the optical data of using; Selecting of assessment item; Carry out the appointment of the image-region of estimating, judging etc.
Arithmetic processing section 2b is when having specified starting condition and having carried out the image-region of estimating, judging, from image information, obtain the red light in the appointed zone of photographic images and the optical data of near infrared light, after suitably having carried out the standardization of optical data, carry out the calculation process of using this optical data to calculate vegetation indexs such as NDVI, suitably carry out the correction of shooting condition according to the bright/difference of dark condition.And, arithmetic processing section 2b is when having specified assessment item, difference comparable data storehouse according to bright/dark condition, obtain with the evaluation of tealeaves and pluck and judge the relevant data of needed correlationship according to starting condition, promptly represent the relational expression of correlationship of assessment item and vegetation index and the constant of relational expression, use this relational expression and the vegetation index that calculates to carry out the relevant evaluation of assessment item of the tealeaves in the appointed zone with photographic images.That is,, determine the value of the assessment item corresponding, the numerical value (proper range) of this value with the assessment item that is suitable for plucking is compared, judge whether to be in and pluck suitable period with the vegetation index that calculates according to the relational expression of assessment item.Perhaps, according to the numerical value (proper range) of the relational expression decision vegetation index corresponding, itself and the vegetation index that calculates are compared with the value (proper range) of the assessment item that is suitable for plucking.
If above-mentioned database has the evaluation of tealeaves and plucks and judge needed data, then have no particular limits, can be to set in advance database in information treatment part 2 as isolated plant, perhaps can also be directly to read from the recording medium that records data, perhaps read indirectly from remote database, be stored in then and carry out the data updated storehouse among the storage part 2d via communication network.In the data that database has, comprise: the relational expression of each assessment item of expression that above-mentioned Fig. 1～Fig. 5, Figure 10 are such and the correlativity of vegetation index; According to starting condition, the constant as each relational expression as Fig. 6,7 is set the constant data (a, b...n) of suitable value and the per 1 day standard variation in each assessment item; Be used for correction data of the vegetation index that obtains by calculation process being revised according to shooting condition etc.By difference according to the setting (the above-mentioned lighting device and the setting of test section) of camera system and bright/dark condition, make the corresponding form of each starting condition such as kind, tea phase of numerical value and tea of the constant of the relational expression in each assessment item comprise constant data, the decision by each starting condition is set in the constant of correspondence in the relational expression.When the setting that makes camera system is unified, can simplify the structure of constant data.In revising data, comprise the relational expression and the constant data such as (p, q, r, s, t) that are used to revise the influence that shooting conditions such as the such illumination of Fig. 8, Fig. 9, aperture, shutter speed, shooting angle cause vegetation index, set according to the difference of bright/dark condition and carry out the relational expression revised based on each shooting condition.
The data of judging such as result are estimated, plucked to the harvesting appropriateness of the optical data that demonstration arithmetic processing section 2b reads from image information in display part 2c, the vegetation index that calculates, tealeaves.Use the data feed unit that these data are exported to efferent 3 as required, perhaps can be stored among the storage part 2d, the data according to efferent 3 is supplied with determine the beginning of the harvesting operation in each tea place.In the data feed unit, can use transmitting-receiving based on wired or wireless communication, via the recording of information of recording mediums such as floppy disk or flash memory/read.In display part 2c, use by the display of picture display reminding data, on recording materials such as paper, print and wait the printer of pointing out etc.Efferent 3 can be made of optional terminal from fixed terminal 3c such as portable terminal such as mobile computer 3a, mobile phone 3b or desktop personal computers, facsimile recorder, printer, at random shows, prints, preserves the data of supplying with in efferent 3.
Above-mentioned harvesting appropriateness evaluation system can constitute the harvesting appropriateness evaluating apparatus that information treatment part 2 and efferent 3 are become one, for example, can be with the mobile computer etc. that has the mobile phone of camera or have camera as the basis, assembling therein is used to carry out the function of plucking the appropriateness evaluation method.Perhaps, can constitute and provide the harvesting appropriateness that is made of independent information treatment part 2 evaluating apparatus, the user can suitably append, delete shoot part 1 and efferent 3 as required.
Embodiment with reference to the harvesting appropriateness evaluation method that the tealeaves that uses above-mentioned harvesting appropriateness evaluation system execution is described below the accompanying drawing.Can be used as the spendable application software of the computing machine that in recording medium, writes down, perhaps, provide the program code that makes method such below the computing machine execution as by the wired or wireless signal transmission that is transferred to other computing machines.
Figure 12 is the process flow diagram of order of summarily representing the harvesting appropriateness determination methods of tealeaves, on the whole, carry out according to the image information of tealeaves to calculate quantizing of vegetation index and use the vegetation index that calculates to investigate tealeaves whether be in evaluation, the judgement of plucking suitable period.In this embodiment, use NDVI, but also can use other vegetation index such as RVI as vegetation index.
The harvesting appropriateness judgement of tealeaves is at first imported by taking the image information (step S1) that the tea place obtains, and calculates vegetation index (step S2) according to the optical data that comprises in the image information.Corresponding shooting condition is modified to the vegetation index that calculates the vegetation index (step S3) of certain shooting condition, use calculating, revised vegetation index, according to the relevance of vegetation index and assessment item, as the harvesting appropriateness (step S4) of numerical Evaluation about assessment item.The judgement of plucking appropriateness carried out confirm (step S5), the numerical value of in-service evaluation judges about assessment item whether tealeaves is in harvesting suitable period (step S6).The operator is when plucking the practician, can omit according to the evaluation of estimate judgement of step S6 and pluck suitable period, finishes after the affirmation of step S5.
About the image information of in step S1, importing, illumination when reading aperture, shutter speed and shooting angle as the shooting condition relevant with filming apparatus, contrast with the having or not of hawk image, as the difference (difference of irradiates light) of bright/dark condition of the shooting condition relevant with environment and shooting during as the reference information of same is used for the calculating of vegetation index of step S2 or the correction of step S3.In the evaluation of step S4, also according to the difference of bright/dark condition, read the relational expression and the constant of vegetation index and assessment item according to starting condition, set the correlationship of vegetation index and assessment item thus.
When specifically describing step S2, comprise step shown in Figure 13.At first, as the optical data relevant, from image information, read the detected value IR of near infrared sensor and the detected value R (step S21) of red sensor with intensity of reflected light.At this moment, about near infrared and red data, during offset of the image that existence is caused by filming apparatus etc., carry out the offset correction, when comprising contrast with the hawk image, also the image-region for hawk reads the detected value IRG of near infrared sensor and the detected value RG of red sensor.About each detected value IR, R, IRG, RG, carry out standardization (standardized value=detected value/time shutter t, IR ← IR/t, R ← R/t, IRG ← IRG/t, RG ← RG/t) (step S22) based on the time shutter, confirm to have or not hawk image (step S23), when having the hawk image, calculate to use this value that is worth revised near infrared intensity and red color intensity (IR '=IR/IRG, R '=R/RG) (step S24), calculate vegetation index (step S25) by the computing of having used above-mentioned intensity level.Computing when calculating NDVI as vegetation index is NDVI=(IR '-R ')/(IR '+R '), and the computing when not having the hawk image becomes NDVI=(IR-R)/(IR+R).Then, when from image, specifying part zone, obtain vegetation index (step S26) based on this regional optical data.In addition, during shooting under dark condition, the image range that can obtain optical data, promptly the data among execution in step S21, the S26 are read in and the scope of regional appointment is defined as light-struck image section.
According to the difference of bright/dark condition,, revise the vegetation index that in step S2, calculates according to order shown in Figure 14.At first, confirm to have or not the illumination data (step S31) when taking, when having illumination data with its input (step S32), in bright conditions following time, according to Fig. 8 and relational expression (6), the similar relational expression in dark condition following time according to correspondence is revised (step S33).And, confirm to have or not shooting angle data (step S34), when having angle-data with its input (step S35), bright conditions following time according to Fig. 9 and relational expression (7), similar relational expression in dark condition following time according to correspondence is revised (step S36).That is, obtain the relational expression that is used to revise (6), (7) and the constant that in step S33, S36, uses distinctively according to bright/dark condition.The vegetation index that so obtains is used for the evaluation of the harvesting appropriateness of tealeaves.
Below pluck the evaluation (step S4) of appropriateness.At first, as shown in figure 15, as the setting of the starting condition of the tealeaves of estimating, input tea phase (step S41), the kind (step S42) of input tealeaves.Then, select the assessment item (step S43) estimate.It also can be a plurality of that the quantity of the assessment item of selecting can be 1.When having selected assessment item, according to the difference of bright/dark condition, the relational expression that each assessment item decision is used to estimate.That is,, read in relational expression and the constant thereof that the evaluation relevant, uses, the relational expression (step S44) that decision is used in the calculating of evaluation of estimate with the assessment item of selecting from database according to the assessment item of tea phase, kind and the selection imported.According to this relational expression, (step S31～S36) revised vegetation index is estimated (step S45) in step S3 in use.In this embodiment, by vegetation index being updated to the value (evaluation of estimate) of the assessment item corresponding of calculating in the relational expression, this value is used to pluck the judgement (step S6) in suitable period with vegetation index.When in step S43, having selected a plurality of assessment item, calculate the value corresponding with each assessment item.Can calculate evaluation of estimate to whole assessment items.
In the judgement of plucking suitable period in (step S6), as shown in figure 16, at first, selection is judged (step S61) according in the purposes of assessment item and tealeaves which, when the judgement of having selected based on the purposes of tealeaves, input and goods kind or the concrete purposes (step S62) relevant such as jade dew, powder tea with goods grades such as higher level, middle ranks.According to the concrete purposes of input, the proper range that reads assessment item from database is set at judgment standard (step S63).On the other hand, when the judgement in step S61, selected based on assessment item, when having imported desired value (step S64) about assessment item, this desired value is set proper range as judgment standard.In addition, about judgment mode, can be to utilize the higher limit of proper range or lower limit to carry out judgment mode for the beginning or the end of plucking suitable period, can also be to use two values of bound to judge whether to be in to pluck mode interim when suitable, about fibre weight, bud is heavy, go out aperture and open the number of sheets, the lower limit of proper range is judged the beginning of plucking suitable period as benchmark, about full nitrogen, the upper limit of proper range is judged the beginning of plucking suitable period as benchmark, on the contrary, about fibre weight, bud is heavy, go out aperture and open the number of sheets, the upper limit according to proper range is judged the end of plucking suitable period, about full nitrogen, judge the end of plucking suitable period according to the lower limit of proper range.Therefore, in step 62 and step 64, when input purposes or desired value, can also be set at about the judgement form and import.
Then,, the evaluation of estimate of the assessment item that obtains in step S45 and proper range are compared according to the proper range of in step S63 or S64, setting, judge whether to be in proper range (step S65) after, judge and could pluck (step S65, S66).Be judged as (step S67) when being not suitable for plucking, can be according to the proper range of assessment item and the poor D of evaluation of estimate, suitable period (step S68) is plucked in prediction.After this prediction for example can be read per 1 day standards change amount V about assessment item from database, will from the date of image taking day D/V after day as plucking suitable period, the execution of prediction is selected on meaning ground.
When the judgement (step S65) whether the calculating (step S45) of having carried out evaluation of estimate about a plurality of assessment items and evaluation of estimate are in proper range, could pluck for each assessment item decision.About their demonstration, at random the priority of specified evaluation project shows evaluation, the result who judges in proper order according to this, perhaps can be shown as suitable degree to the ratio that is judged as the item number of plucking suitable period in whole assessment items.
Can be as required, the change of the output form of the image of amplify, dwindle, processing processing, composograph or every district band image etc. of image such as shearing are such, make DATA DISTRIBUTION processing in the such image of histogram etc., export data of in above-mentioned steps, using and the various data that obtain by calculation process etc.
In addition, more than be illustrated about green tea, even but the kind difference of tea tree, but full nitrogen, fibre weight, the bud that can show the tea tree sprouting equally weigh, go out aperture and hold the number of sheets and the correlationship of vegetation index, so tea kind of using in the mill about black tea or oolong tea etc., also can learn the development degree of tea tree sprouting thus by measuring above-mentioned assessment item and calculating the data that vegetation index generates correlationship.In the manufacturing of black tea or oolong tea etc., also determine harvesting period explicitly with the development degree of tealeaves, so the present invention can be used for the harvesting of tealeaves such as black tea or oolong tea, the proper range of the above-mentioned assessment item in the period that setting is suitable for plucking, the harvesting appropriateness of using vegetation index to estimate tealeaves is plucked the prediction in the judgement and the period of harvesting.
Noncontact and nondestructive method by the photographic images that utilizes the tea place are provided, can judge easily at short notice whether the sprouting of tea tree is in the harvesting appropriateness evaluation method of the tealeaves in the period that is suitable for plucking, can be for large-scale tea place, correct and the harvesting that forms a prompt judgement for each zone, so can gather in the crops tealeaves expeditiously with target quality, the quality homogenising of the tea leaf of harvesting can be made, and the predetermined of results can be set.Therefore, can improve the manufacturing efficient of tea product, promote the raising and the quality homogenising of product property, and, help the stabilization of the manufacturing and the supply of tea product.In addition,, can alleviate with plucking and judge relevant labour, help to improve the economy that tea is made because it is loaded down with trivial details and need the operation of time to save the sampling, constituent analysis etc. of sample.

Claims (15)

1. the harvesting appropriateness evaluation method of a tealeaves is characterized in that,
The optical data that use comprises in the image information of tealeaves is calculated vegetation index,
According to heavy from full nitrogen, fibre weight, bud, go out aperture and open at least one assessment item and the correlationship of vegetation index of selecting the group that the number of sheets constitutes, use the described vegetation index that calculates, for the harvesting appropriateness of described assessment item evaluation tealeaves.
2. the harvesting appropriateness evaluation method of tealeaves according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
Described optical data is that described vegetation index is the standardization vegetation index from the region of red light of tealeaves reflection and the catoptrical data near infrared light zone.
3. the harvesting appropriateness evaluation method of tealeaves according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that,
By under the bright conditions of using solar light irradiation or use shooting under artificial light-struck dark condition, obtain the image information of described tealeaves.
4. according to the harvesting appropriateness evaluation method of any described tealeaves of claim 1～3, it is characterized in that,
By difference, and, represent the correlationship of described assessment item and vegetation index according to the kind of tealeaves and the relational expression of tea phase decision constant according to the bright/dark condition that obtains described image information.
5. according to the harvesting appropriateness evaluation method of any described tealeaves of claim 1～4, it is characterized in that,
Described image information is for being that described vegetation index can be calculated in a specified zone in a plurality of zone backs, the described a plurality of zones with image division.
6. according to the harvesting appropriateness evaluation method of any described tealeaves of claim 1～5, it is characterized in that,
Also have following step: that is at least one in the contrast image informations such as illumination, aperture, shutter speed and hawk during according to the described image information of generation revised the described vegetation index that is calculated.
7. according to the harvesting appropriateness evaluation method of any described tealeaves of claim 1～6, it is characterized in that,
In the evaluation of the harvesting appropriateness of described tealeaves,
Calculate the value of the assessment item corresponding according to described correlationship, the proper range of itself and described assessment item is compared with described vegetation index, perhaps,
Calculate the vegetation index scope corresponding according to described correlationship, itself and described vegetation index compared with the proper range of described assessment item,
By described certain relatively, judge whether tealeaves is in harvesting suitable period.
8. according to the harvesting appropriateness evaluation method of any described tealeaves of claim 1～7, it is characterized in that,
By the shooting angle with respect to crown surface is that the shooting of 0～10 ° (but remove 0 °) generates described image information.
9. the harvesting appropriateness evaluation system of a tealeaves is characterized in that,
Possess:
Filming apparatus, it generates the image information of tealeaves; And
Information treatment part, it uses the optical data that comprises in described image information to calculate vegetation index, the vegetation index that use calculates is for weighing from full nitrogen, fibre weight, bud, go out aperture and opening the harvesting appropriateness that at least one assessment item of selecting the group of number of sheets composition is estimated tealeaves
Described treating apparatus uses the database of the data of the correlationship with described at least one assessment item of decision and vegetation index, can estimate the harvesting appropriateness of tealeaves for described assessment item.
10. the harvesting appropriateness evaluation system of a tealeaves is characterized in that,
Possess:
Filming apparatus, it generates the image information of tealeaves;
Database, its have decision heavy from full nitrogen, fibre weight, bud, go out aperture and open at least one assessment item of selecting the group that the number of sheets forms and the data of the correlationship of vegetation index; And
Information treatment part, it uses the optical data that comprises in described image information to calculate vegetation index, according at least one assessment item of described database and the correlationship of vegetation index, use the vegetation index that calculates, estimate the harvesting appropriateness of tealeaves for described assessment item.
11. the harvesting appropriateness evaluation system according to claim 9 or 10 described tealeaves is characterized in that,
Have the information providing unit, it supplies with the image information that described filming apparatus generates to described treating apparatus,
Described information providing unit has: wireless or wire communication device, perhaps can write down and read the information record carrier and the reading device of information via recording medium between described filming apparatus and described treating apparatus.
12. the harvesting appropriateness evaluating apparatus of a tealeaves is characterized in that,
Have:
Input part, it obtains the image information of tealeaves;
Arithmetic processing section, it uses the optical data that comprises in the image information of the tealeaves that described input part obtains to calculate vegetation index, the vegetation index that use calculates, for weighing from full nitrogen, fibre weight, bud, go out aperture and opening the harvesting appropriateness that at least one assessment item of selecting the group of number of sheets composition is estimated tealeaves, and use the database of the data of correlationship with described at least one assessment item of decision and vegetation index, can estimate the harvesting appropriateness of tealeaves for described assessment item; And
Display part, it shows the harvesting appropriateness of the tealeaves of being estimated by described arithmetic processing section.
13. spendable medium of computing machine, it has makes computing machine have the program code of the embodied on computer readable of the function of plucking the appropriateness evaluating apparatus, described harvesting appropriateness evaluating apparatus uses the database of the data of the correlationship with at least one assessment item of decision and vegetation index, can estimate the harvesting appropriateness of tealeaves, described at least one assessment item is from full nitrogen, fibre weight, bud is heavy, go out aperture and open at least one assessment item of selecting in the group of number of sheets composition, the spendable medium of described computing machine is characterised in that
Described program code comprises:
The optical data that use comprises in the image information of tealeaves makes computing machine carry out first program code calculating, embodied on computer readable of vegetation index; And
Make computing machine use the described vegetation index that calculates, according at least one assessment item of described database and the correlationship of vegetation index, carry out second program code evaluation, embodied on computer readable of the harvesting appropriateness of tealeaves about described assessment item.
14. the spendable medium of computing machine, it has: the program code of the embodied on computer readable of the function of the harvesting appropriateness evaluating apparatus of the evaluation of the harvesting appropriateness that computing machine is had can carry out tealeaves; And storage decision heavy from full nitrogen, fibre weight, bud, go out aperture and open at least one assessment item of selecting the group that the number of sheets forms and the database of the data of the correlationship of vegetation index, the spendable medium of described computing machine is characterised in that,
Described program code comprises:
The optical data that use comprises in the image information of tealeaves makes computing machine carry out first program code calculating, embodied on computer readable of vegetation index;
Make computing machine use the described vegetation index that calculates, according at least one assessment item of described database and the correlationship of vegetation index, carry out second program code evaluation, embodied on computer readable of the harvesting appropriateness of tealeaves about described assessment item.
15. according to claim 13 or the spendable medium of 14 described computing machines, it is characterized in that,
Also has the 3rd program code harvesting appropriateness, embodied on computer readable that makes the tealeaves after computing machine output is estimated.
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